active solar space heating systems by joel kauffmansmurphy/ies solar thermal-space... · –...
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Active Solar Space Heating Systems
by Joel Kauffman
www.iesolar.com
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What is active versus passive?
• Active – requires mechanical energy to move heat from one location to another –ie. fans and pumps.
• Passive – relies on convection, conduction and radiation to spread heat throughout a space – ie windows and mass.
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Why am I standing here?
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• Because we need to do more!
• People want a solution.
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Terms
• 1 Therm = 100,000 btu’s – we get billed in therms of natural gas
• 1 Btu = amount of energy needed to raise 1 gallon of water 1 degree F
• 1 kWh = 3414 Btu’s – we get billed in kilowatts of electricity
• DHW = Domestic Hot Water
• PV = Photovoltaic
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Types of Solar Thermal Systems
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Types of Solar Thermal Systems
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Glazed Collectors used on Drainback and Glycol Systems
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Schuco Glycol Systems
- 80 gallon Storage Tank- Expansion Tank- Pump,Gauges and Controls
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Passive Thermosyphon
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Passive ICS “Batch”
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South
45.00�
60.00�
45.00�
60.00�
50'
150'
WestEast
North
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• Gasoline = 2 cars x 15,000 miles/year @ 20 mpg
•Space Heating = 2000 sq ft well built home
•DHW = 20 therms a month, average for 4 person household
•Electricity = 7,200 Kwhr a year, CA average
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Gasoline Space Heating DHW Electicty
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for household of 4
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Normal uses with solarSolar space heating is not common
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Gasoline Space Heating DHW Electicty
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Yikes!! I need to ride my bike more.
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Annual solar insolation for the Monterey Bay
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Space Heating Load2000sqft well built home
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• See the problem?
• When we need the Sun’s energy the most is when it is least available.
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Types of Active Space Heating Systems
• Solar Thermal – hot water systems tied into either radiant floor or forced air.
This is the norm right now.
• Solar Electric – producing electricity to heat either radiant floor, forced air or electric resistance heaters.
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Heating Load
(6) 4x8 Collectors delivering 100 deg water to radiant floor
(2) 4x8 Collectors - DHW
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(6) 4x8 Collectors delivering 100 deg water to radiant floor
(12) 4x8 Collectors - 480 gallon storage tank
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• Solar thermal systems can only utilize the Sun’s energy within a few days of capture due to storage issues.
• Solar electric systems can capture energy in the summer and via net metering the energy can be used in the winter months.– Essentially using the Grid as storage
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Outside the box
• I believe the industry is wrong in assuming solar hot water systems are the only way to heat a space.
• With current and proven technologies solar electric systems can offer a simpler and more cost effective alternative.
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Solar Hot Water
• Solar hot water systems are twice as efficient
• Low tech proven technology
• Familiar ground
• Energy Storage is required
• Storage volume is tied to collector size
• Can not bank excess energy from summer
• Maintenance required
• Complicated system design with many fail points
Pros Cons
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Solar Electric
• Ability to bank energy fromSummer
• Simple systems
• Recent advancement in system design
• Perceived cost
• Solar Industry unfamiliar with electric heating systems.
• Unproven design combination.
Pros Cons
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New Solution
• PVT Solar System
• The PVTSolar system combines solar photovoltaic and solar thermal technology to capture more of the sun’s energy with less cost. The system provides
– Electricity
– Space heating/ventilation
– Domestic Hot Water
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PVT SOLAR SYSTEM
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2520 Watt PVT system
$792Annual savings
$22,000Cost
100%DHW
100%Space heating
660 Therms
Total Output
Solar Hot Water System(8) 4x8 collectors w/320 gallon storage
$400**Annual savings
$22,000Cost
100%DHW
41%Space heating
405* ThermsTotal Output
* = removed energy required to run pumps
** = removed $100 annual maintenance
Cost Comparison
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– No Need for large storage tank
– Can meet a significant portion of your space heating load.
– Will work with radiant and forced air!
– increase the energy output of your solar system by 80% or more! The PVT
system generates electricity plus:
» space heating for the home
» water heating for the home
– Reduce payback time and increase the return on your investment by 20% -
35%
– Do more good – multiply the environmental benefits of your solar system
• because the PVT system generates more energy than a regular solar
system, it offsets more harmful emissions than a regular solar system
SOLAR PVT
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The problem
• Most homes are not 2000 sq ft and well built
• Many homes do not have the 500 sq ft of clear roof space needed to
offset 100% of your usage.
• 99% of all the home in this area are not passive solar designed
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The answer
• Lets start building homes right.
• By designing a home correctly with south facing windows, thermal mass and good insulation we can greatly reduce our energy usage.
• A passive solar designed home can cut down the annual heating load by as much as 75%!
– Thereby reducing the size and cost of the solar system required to make your home zero energy.
• How about smaller homes too.
• Don’t forget about your bike.
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Active Solar Space Heating Systems
by Joel Kauffman
831-477-0943
www.iesolar.com