AIM: AIM: How were the New How were the New England colonies England colonies

created?created?

AIM: AIM: How were the New How were the New England colonies England colonies

created?created?

The New England Colonies

The New England Colonies

Massachusetts

Connecticut

Rhode Island

New Hampshire

Wanted to purify (reform the Wanted to purify (reform the Church of England Church of England

Disliked organ music, fancy Disliked organ music, fancy churcheschurches

Persecuted by King Charles IPersecuted by King Charles I

Who were the Puritans?Who were the Puritans?

• Believed all human beings were evil

• Satan was always present• Citizens found guilty of sins

were humiliated– Letters on back– Dunked in ponds– Stand in pillories

STOCKS

Religious Persecution

1. The Massachusetts Bay Colony

1. The Massachusetts Bay Colony

1629 Puritans get a royal charter to form the MA Bay Colony.

§ Wanted to escape religious persecution

1630 1,000 people set off in 11 well-stocked ships

§ Established a colony with Boston as its hub.

Called “Great Migration” of the 1630s

• Why did the Puritans leave England?

– Religious freedom

– Escape persecution from King Charles I

The Great Migration

15,0000 journey to Mass.

Who was their leader?

John Winthrop-

Who was their leader?

John Winthrop-

““We shall be as a We shall be as a city on a hill..”city on a hill..”

Wealthy attorney and manor lord

Devout Puritan

Became 1st governor of Massachusetts.

§ Believed that he had a “calling” from God to lead there.

§ Set an example by working hard to clear land & build a home

§ Served as governor or deputy-governor for 19 years.

The Puritans Arrive

What was life like in the New England settlements?

What was life like in the New England settlements?

Low mortality Low mortality average life average life expectancy was 70 years of expectancy was 70 years of age.age.

Average 6 children per family.Average 6 children per family.

Average age at marriage:Average age at marriage: Women – 22 years oldWomen – 22 years old

Men – 27 years old.Men – 27 years old.

Who was the boss of the family?

Who was the boss of the family?

Male father figures controlled each household.

Called a patriarchal society

Ministers and magistrates controlled

church & household patriarchs.

– Founder-Thomas Hooker- Puritan minister

– Believed govt had too much power

– Left Massachusetts Bay & started a new colony

– 1636

2. Connecticut

Government of Connecticut

• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut– All men with property could

vote, even if not Church members

– Limited governor’s power

Another Puritan “Rebel”

Another Puritan “Rebel”Roger Williams- young, popular minister in Roger Williams- young, popular minister in

Salem.Salem.

Believed church & state (govt) should be Believed church & state (govt) should be separateseparate

1635 1635 found guilty of preaching found guilty of preaching new & new & dangerous opinionsdangerous opinions and was exiled. and was exiled.

Roger Roger WilliamsWilliams

1636 1636 Roger Williams founds Rhode Roger Williams founds Rhode Island.Island.

§ Remarkable political freedom in Remarkable political freedom in Providence, RIProvidence, RI

• No special privileges for anyoneNo special privileges for anyone

• freedom of opportunity for all.freedom of opportunity for all.

• Fair to Native AmericansFair to Native Americans

• All white men can voteAll white men can vote

• No one has to go to Church.No one has to go to Church.

RI becomes known as the “Sewer” -seen RI becomes known as the “Sewer” -seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers unbelievers

More liberal than any other colony!More liberal than any other colony!

3. Rhode Island3. Rhode Island

3. Rhode Island

Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

Intelligent, strong-willed,Intelligent, strong-willed,well-spoken woman.well-spoken woman.

Devout PuritanDevout Puritan

Discussed sermonsDiscussed sermons

Believed holy life was no sure Believed holy life was no sure

sign of salvation.sign of salvation.

Another Puritan “Rebel”

Another Puritan “Rebel”

1638 – lasted 2 days 1638 – lasted 2 days

Finally stated she had received her Finally stated she had received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God.beliefs DIRECTLY from God.

Puritan leaders banished her Puritan leaders banished her she & her she & her family traveled to RI and later to NY.family traveled to RI and later to NY.

§ She and all but one member of her family She and all but one member of her family were killed in an Indian attack in were killed in an Indian attack in Westchester County.Westchester County.

§ John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!

Anne Hutchinson’s Trial

Anne Hutchinson’s Trial

BANISHED

Indians especially weak in New England Indians especially weak in New England epidemics wiped out ¾ of the native epidemics wiped out ¾ of the native popul.popul...

Some colonists like Thomas Hooker & Roger Some colonists like Thomas Hooker & Roger Williams were fair but…….Williams were fair but…….

Puritans vs. Native Americans

Puritans vs. Native Americans

More settlers take more landMore settlers take more land

War begins- 1675War begins- 1675

MetacomMetacom [King Philip to [King Philip to white settlers]- chief of Wampanoag white settlers]- chief of Wampanoag Indians Indians

Other tribes unite with them & 600 settlers Other tribes unite with them & 600 settlers are killedare killed

But….

The English keep coming & taking…

But….

The English keep coming & taking…

The war ended in The war ended in failure for the failure for the IndiansIndians

§ Metacom beheaded and drawn and Metacom beheaded and drawn and quartered.quartered.

§ His son and wife sold into slavery.His son and wife sold into slavery.

§ Never a serious threat in New England Never a serious threat in New England again!!again!!

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

• Describe the Sabbath:

– Holy Day

– Nobody could talk, joke, drink

– Everybody attended church

Purpose:– Vote or make

decisions

– Took place at church

– Made strict religious laws

• Economy of New England:

– Shipbuilding (trees from forests)

– Hunted in forest- wild turkey, deer

– Fishing and whaling from ships

New England Spreads Out

New England Spreads Out

New England Colonies, 1650

New England Colonies, 1650

Population of the New England Colonies

Population of the New England Colonies