air emissions, ballast water and ship recycling tim wilkins intertanko 1 tim wilkins environmental...

Air Emissions, Ballast Water and Ship RecyclingAir Emissions, Ballast Water and Ship Recycling

Tim Wilkins INTERTANKO1

Tim Wilkins

Environmental Manager

Regional Manager: Monaco, Italy, Greece, Cyprus, Croatia. Israel and Turkey

The International Association of Independent Tanker OwnersThe International Association of Independent Tanker Owners

The Propeller ClubMonaco

24th February 2005



1. Couple of minutes on INTERTANKO

2. Main Environmental Challenges

2.1 Air Emissions

- Annex VI

- Europe

2.2 Invasive Species in Ballast Water

2.3 Ship Recycling – An issue for the future?

3. Some thoughts on future issues



1. INTERTANKO1. INTERTANKO

Representing responsible oil and chemical tanker owners worldwide

Promoting Safer Ships, Cleaner Seas, Free Competition and Effective Regulation

Strict membership criteria based on quality and performance (Class, P&I, PSC)




230 (+/-)230 (+/-) Members Members2,200 (+/-) tankers2,200 (+/-) tankers165 million dwt165 million dwt Average age: 11.3 yearsAverage age: 11.3 years

270 (+/-) 270 (+/-) Associate MembersAssociate Members

25 Staff / 8 Consultants25 Staff / 8 Consultants

IMO NGO statusEU representative officePartnership agreement with USCG

London

Oslo

Washington

Singapore




14 Committees - 4 Regional Panels

• Safety & Environment• Technical – incldg. Bunkers, IT • Chemicals, Short Sea, Offshore• Insurance & Legal, Documentary• Vetting, WorldScale• Communications and Public Relations



2.1 Air Emissions – Annex VI2.1 Air Emissions – Annex VI

Enters into Force 19th May 2005

International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (IAPP)- Existing Ships:IAPP on 1st dry docking after 19/5/05- New Ships: Keel laid after 19/5/05, IAPP on delivery- Surveys: Renewal, intermediate and annual

Basic Coverage:- SOx – Sulphur in fuel

- NOx- Ozone depleting substances (deliberate release)- VOC – Vapour emission control systems- Incinerators- Fuel oil quality




Regulation 12 - Ozone depleting substances- Halons and CFCs

Regulation 13 – NOx- Large diesel engines (>130kW) ships constructed after 1/1/2000- But not smaller diesel engines: e.g. emergency diesels, lifeboats and boilers

Regulation 15 - VOC- Vapour emission control systems, tankers only and in ports that have implemented and notified IMO

Regulation 16 - Incinerators- Type approval, applicable to incinerators installed after 1/1/2000- Prohibits incineration of certain cargo residues (Annex I, II and III),

Annex IV garbage with heavy metals, PVC, PCBs




Regulation 14 - Sulphur in marine fuel

Global cap : 4.5% (current avg. 2.7%)

SOx Emission Control Areas (SECAs) : 1.5%

1. Baltic Sea – 19th May 2006

2. North Sea – 2007

Conformity with Regulation 14, see Regulation 18 of course…



2.1 Air Emissions2.1 Air EmissionsRegulation 18 – Fuel oil quality (ISO8217)

Supplier responsibility - action to be taken against supplier if fuel is off-spec

Licensing of suppliers with list maintained by IMO

Bunker Delivery Note (BDN) & Representative Sample

BDN• Sulphur content & fuel density

• Declaration from supplier that fuel delivered complies with Regulations 14 and 18

• File onboard for 3 years

Sample• Each BDN to be acc. by sample – cross reference BDN with sample reference (label)

• Sealed and signed by supplier & master or officer in charge of bunker operation

• Maintained with ship for no less than 12 months

• Sampled in accordance with MEPC 96(47)



2.1 Air Emissions – Annex VI2.1 Air Emissions – Annex VIRegulation 18 – Fuel oil quality (ISO8217)

A Guide to Bunkering of Ships for the purposes of Annex VI to MARPOL – INTERTANKO 2004

- Include Annex VI as a clause with details in bunker purchase contract and charter parties

- Update bunkering procedures (ISM key shipboard ops.)

- Training and information to personnel

- Ensure adequate storage facility for samples

- Concise and thorough bunker quantity measurements, calculations and records; this will soon be subject to PSC scrutiny



2.1 Air Emissions - Europe2.1 Air Emissions - Europe

European Directive 1999/32

• 1.5% Sulphur limit for fuels used in Baltic Area as of 19th May 2006 and North Sea Area as of 2007

• 1.5% Sulphur limit for fuels used by passenger vessels on regular service between EU ports 19th May 2006

• 0.2% Sulphur limit for fuel used by ships at berth in EU ports (Boilers for pump room tankers while in port maybe excluded until 2010)

• Tightened to 0.1% 1st January 2010

• Previous 0.2% requirements since 2000 now implemented

• Ships leaving EU ports up to the 12nm zone – gas oil and diesel



2.1 Air Emissions - Europe2.1 Air Emissions - Europe

Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (LSFO)

Compatibility

Viscosity, lubricity, ignition/combustion

Availability

Low sulphur crudes

Residue desulpherisation

Blending

Storage

Tanks, piping, treatment, service, changeover…

Exhaust Gas Scrubbers…end of pipe solution?



2.2 Invasive Species in Ballast Water2.2 Invasive Species in Ballast Water

International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediment

Friday 13 February 2004

Largest impact on shipping since MARPOL?

Application (2009 EIF)For ships with a ballast water capacity of over 5000 cubic metres:

1) Vessels built before 2012 D-1 until 2016 then D-2

2) Vessels built after 2012 D-2

D-1: Ballast water exchange

D-2: Ballast water performance standard

National and regional legislation already entering into force – USA: 27 Sep. 2004




G1 Guidelines for sediment reception facilities

G2 Guidelines for ballast water sampling

G3 Guidelines for compliance by pleasure craft

G4 Ballast water management plan guidelines

G5 Guidelines for ballast water reception facilities

G6 Guidelines for ballast water exchange

G7 Guidelines for risk assessment

G8 Guidelines for approval of ballast water management systems (final draft)

G9 Procedure for approval of active substances (final draft for approval)

G10 Guidelines for approval of prototype ballast water treatment technologies

G11 Guidelines for ballast water exchange design and construction standards

G12 Guidelines on sediment control on ships

G13 Guidelines for additional measures including emergency situations

Implementation – Guidelines:




Implementation – Convention:

International Ballast Water Management Certificate (IBWM)

Ballast Water Exchange – Regulation D-1 and B-4: 2016 phase-out

Regulation D-5

- Technical review of treatment options – MEPC 53, July ‘05

New technology – old problems?

- Inspection (Article 9) & Survey (Regulation E-1)

- Operability & Functionality (Reality!)

- Undue delay to ships

Active Substances (Regulation A-1)

Ballast Water Mgt. Plan & Record Book (Regulations B-1 and B-2)

Exemptions – Shuttle tankers, risk assessment

Additional Measures – Regional/National Additions (Section C)




Newbuilding designs must take into account potential installation of ballast treatment systems in the future

from newbuildings to end of life vessels…



2.3 Ship Recycling – An issue for the future?2.3 Ship Recycling – An issue for the future?What makes this an issue?

A major issue for environmental and human health reasons

• Human Health• Asbestos• Fire and Explosions

• Environment• Soil Contamination• Marine Pollution



2.3 Ship Recycling – An issue for the future?2.3 Ship Recycling – An issue for the future?

Industry Code of Practice on Ship Recycling

• Industry Working Party on Ship Recycling, 1998

• Instigated first guidance on Hazardous Materials Inventory

• Use of standard recycling contract

• Criteria for declaring a ship ‘Ready for Recycling’

• Certification of yards in terms of worker safety and environmental management

• Minimise hazardous materials on board during operation and on new buildings

• Gas-free all tanks (except those required for final voyage)

• Introduced cradle-to-grave analogy and Green Passport concept




International / UN ReactionBasel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal

• Is it applicable to the ship recycling issue?• When is a ship to be considered hazardous waste?• What are the consequences? Control the ‘export’ of ships.




“Hazardous Waste” must be

Liable to spontaneous combustionWhen in contact with water, emit flammable gasesLiberate toxic gases in contact with air or waterLiable to leach hazardous substances after burialExplosiveFlammable LiquidOxidizingPoisonous (Acute)CorrosiveEcotoxicToxic (Delayed or chronic)Flammable solidInfectiousOrganic Peroxides

A “ship” exhibits none of these characteristics so cannot be “hazardous waste”, therefore not subject to the provisions of the Basel Convention

When is a ship to be considered hazardous waste?






• International Labour Organisation (ILO), Guidelines on Safety and Health in Shipbreaking.

• Focuses primarily on occupational risks on land-based workers






• International Labour Organisation (ILO), Guidelines on Safety and Health in Shipbreaking.

• Focuses primarily on occupational risks on land-based workers• International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) Ship Recycling Guidelines




IMO Guidelines on Ship Recycling - Resolution A.962(23)

- Available since March 2004, adopted December 2003

- Based on Industry Code of Practice

- Role of Stakeholders Identified

- Flag State; Ready for Recycling Criteria

- Port State; PSC procedures

- Recycling State; Control of recycling facilities

- Shipping Industry; Code of Practice

- Recycling Industry; ILO Guidelines




The initial list of elements of the IMO Guidelines for which a mandatory scheme may be suitable

1. Recycling FacilitiesLicensed recycling facilities

Ship owners to use only licensed approved facilities

Ship owners to remove material the facility cannot

2. Mandatory reporting scheme

3. Ship Recycling PlanPrepared by the recycling facility

4. Ship Recycling ContractEnsuring key elements of the Guidelines are included




The initial list of elements of the IMO Guidelines for which a mandatory scheme may be suitable

5. Potentially Hazardous MaterialsRestrict use of hazardous substances on new ships

States to minimize hazardous substances in existing ships

Hazardous materials inventory on board when ship sent to recycling facility

Ship owners to mark potentially hazardous materials

6. Green PassportShip builders to provide Green Passport to owner

Ship owners to maintain validity of Green Passport

Ship owner to deliver Green Passport to recycling facility

7. Gas free for Hot Work CertificateShip owner and facility to arrange for certification




Shipping Industry Proactivity

• Follow Guidelines as closely as practicable (HMI, Green Passport, SRP)

• Identify areas of concern

• Notify Associations who can in turn notify IMO

• Pool resources and find solutions (HMI, Green Passport, Gas-free)

• Continue to highlight role of other stakeholders

• Share information on recycling facilities (market to force changes?)

• Green Recycling Facilities? Green recycling is ideally defined as scrapping performed in full accordance with the developed recycling guidelines.



Industry Code of Practice (1999)

IMO Guidelines (2003)

ILO & Basel Guidelines

Consideration of Mandatory Elements Market Forces

• Shipping Industry• Green Recycling

Ship Recycling becomes a truly GREEN industry in

concept and practice

Shipping Industry Feedback

• Workable• Practical• Objectives Met



3. Some thoughts for the future3. Some thoughts for the future

• Environment will continue to take centre stage

• Kyoto, Biodiversity, Sustainability

• Mandatory requirements vs. Self regulation

• Political tug-of-war:

• National vs. Regional vs. International

• Political Will vs. Technical/Operational Reality

A responsible, sustainable and respected industry able to influence its own destiny



thank you for your attention…thank you for your attention…

www.intertanko.comwww.intertanko.com



Athens Tanker EventAthens Tanker Event10-13 April 200510-13 April 2005

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air emissions, ballast water and ship recycling tim wilkins intertanko 1 tim wilkins environmental...

Documents

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