4.11 manifest destiny & westward expansion€¦ · westward expansion american history i unit 4...

4.11 –MANIFEST DESTINY &

WESTWARD EXPANSION

AMERICAN HISTORY I

UNIT 4 – ERA OF GROWTH AND DISUNION

DAY 11 – MANIFEST DESTINY

Idea that promoted American Expansion and control of the North American continent

US “God given right to control all the territory between the Atlantic and Pacific”

Leads to American expansion and territorial war New Markets

New land

Get away from Panic of 1837

Spread democracy

Manifest Destiny

CAN YOU SPOT 7 ITEMS THAT SHOW WESTWARD

MOVEMENT?

American Progress by John Gast

Oregon territory (1846)

ANNEX Texas (1845)

Mexican Cession (1848)

“Go West, young man!”

All examples of Manifest Destiny

Santa Fe Trail

major trade route to west

Oregon Trail

Increased westward movement;

farming

About 2000 miles from Missouri

41\2 to 5 months travel

James K. Polk

(Democrat)

Won the 1844 election

His platform called for more land for

the US (Expansion)

A New President

One area of dispute was the Oregon Territory

Russia, England and the US all claimed it

The US and England nearly fought over it

“54, 40 or Fight!” Campaign Slogan

applies to the disputed boundary of Oregon

Polk used to win election in1844

Polk Fighting for Oregon

would move west for religious freedom (Utah)

Founded by Joseph Smith (1830’s) who was later attacked and killed by an anti-Mormon group

Moved to Illinois and later Utah

Brigham Young

led the Mormons to Utah

Video – Manifest Destiny

Mormons

Texas

was part of Mexico and

Mexico wanted people to

move there

Allowed US settlers to

come in if they agreed to

three things:

1. No slaves

2. Become Catholic

3. Pay Mexican taxes

New US Territory

Stephen F. Austin

led American families into Texas in the 1820’s

Started empresarios (Land Grants)

300 families

Population increased and production of sugar and cotton did, too.

What did they need for their farms?

MORE INFO ON TEXAS

Jackson and Adams had tried to buy Texas from Mexico……..no deal

Mexico began to worry about the large number of Americans moving in

Texans began to ask for more autonomy

Austin went to Mexico City and was eventually arrested

Led to more cries for independence

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

was the President of Mexico and led troops against the Texans

One group of Texans was held up at the Alamo, an old missionary (1836)

200 Texans v. 6000 Mexicans

Texas Problems

Old missionary where Texans

fought for independence from

Mexico

Texas lost the battle in 1836

Led to famous battle cry

“Remember the Alamo”

All of the Texans were killed

except one woman and some

children

The Alamo

March 1836 Texas declared its independence

April 1836: Battle of San Jacinto: Mexico defeated; Lone Star Republic created

Sam Houston became the first President of Texas

Jackson was president when Texas became independent in 1836 and John Tyler was president when it became a state in 1845

Why so long?

Texas annexation was delayed due to the issue of slavery

Texas Annexation

Polk was President & wanted California (which was a part of Mexico)!

Treaty of Guadeloupe-Hidalgo (1848):

set the boundary of Mexico and Texas at the Rio Grande

Mexico lost about 1/3 of their land

US paid 15 million to them

Mexican Cession was land lost by Mexico to the US

Mexican-American War

(1846-48)

GENERAL ZACHARY TAYLOR AT

PALO ALTO

“Old Rough and Ready”

THE BOMBARDMENT OF

VERA CRUZ

GENERAL SCOTT ENTERS

MEXICO CITY

“Old Fuss and Feathers”

The newly acquired Mexican land increased sectionalism because of the issue of

slavery.

Under Mexican rule, this land was free. What should the new land be? Free or slave or

both?

Before the treaty was passed a major issue was slavery expansion

David Wilmot

Introduced Wilmot Proviso

Proposed law that stated any land taken from Mexico would not have slaves

Created controversy over slavery

Did NOT pass!

Mexican Land Causes Issues

more land purchased from Mexico

paid 10 million for railroads

Finalized the border of the southwest

Gadsden

Purchase

Gold found in 1848

Mass migration to California after the discovery of gold

in 1848

“49ers” = Gold Rush miners

People came from all over the world

QUESTIONS:

What does the term Manifest Destiny describe? How would settlers be

compelled to travel away from their homes? What advantages would there be?

Disadvantages?

What slogan applies to the dispute between Britain and the U.S. concerning the

Canadian and American border?

VOCABULARY

Manifest Destiny

Oregon Trail

James K. Polk