biomolecules - carbs and lipids
Post on 23-Aug-2014
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Dutrochet
Modern Cell Theory• All organisms are made up of
cells.• New cells are always produced
from pre-existing cells.• The cell is a structural and
functional unit of all living things.
Modern Cell Theory• The cell contains hereditary
information which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division.• All cells are basically the same in
chemical composition and metabolic activities.
Biomolecules
Atoms
Essential Elements of Life
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen – 96%
Molecules
Joined together by chemical bonds
Sometimes, molecules bond to
form very large structures called macromolecules
DNA is an example of a macromolecule.
Some macromolecules are made of the same repeating
units (molecules). These are called
polymers.
Each repeating unit in a polymer is
called a monomer.
Macromolecules ARE VERY LARGE
NOT a polymer macromolecule
POLYMER!
molecules* that are produced by a living organism
Biomolecules
*commonly macromolecules
LipidsProteins
Nucleic AcidsCarbohydrates
Lipids – NOT a Polymer Proteins - Polymer
Nucleic Acids - PolymerCarbohydrates - Polymer
Carbohydrates
CarbohydratesThey are used
for energy production, storage, and for structure.
Carbohydrates
MonosaccharideDisaccharide
Polysaccharide
Carbohydrates
MonosaccharideSimplest carbs
MonomersEnergy for cells
Formula: Multiples of CH2O
Carbohydrates
MonosaccharideGlucose
FructoseGalactose
Ribose
Carbohydrates
DisaccharideTwo monosaccharides
joined together by a glycosidic bond
MaltoseGlucose + Glucose
LactoseGlucose + Galactose
SucroseGlucose + Fructose
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharidepolymers of sugars that
have storage and structural roles
Amylose / Starch-plants
Storage Polysaccharides
Glycogen-animals and fungi
Cellulose-plants
Structural Polysaccharides
Chitin- insects, crustaceans
Lipids
Lipids
They are used for energy
storage, cell signalling, and for structure.
Lipids
Fats, Oils, WaxesPhospholipids
Steroids
Lipids
Fats & OilsMade up of triglycerides
Stored in adiposeCushions organs
Lipids
Fats & OilsMade up of triglycerides
Stored in adiposeCushions organs
Lipids
PhospholipidsMajor components of
cell membranesof various organisms
Phospholipid
Phospholipid Bilayer
Lipids
SteroidsChemical basis of many
animal hormones
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