paper and pulp industry- health hazards

PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY

DR.T.KARTHIK,AFIHIIPHG,AHMEDABAD

INTRODUCTIONINDIAN PAPER INDUSTRYPAPER MAKINGHEALTH HAZARDS IN PAPER MAKINGROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL PHYSCIAN IN PAPER INDUSTRYQUESTIONS

HISTORYTHE WORD PAPER IS DERIVED FROM PAPYROUS[ANCIENT GREEK FOR CYPERUS PAPYROUS PLANTPAPER WAS REPORTEDLY INVENTED IN ANCIENT CHINA DURING THE HAN DYNASTYFIRST PAPER MILL WAS FOUNDED IN SAMARKAND[MODERN DAY UZBEKISTAN]ALONG EUROPE[FRANCE1190,ITALY1276]PAPER MAKING HAD SPREAD TO AMERICA[PHILADELPHIA1690WITH THE CONQUEST OF SINDH ,THE ARABS BROUGHT PAPER TO INDIA IN 8TH CENTURY,FIRST PAPER MILL IN INDIA STARTED INKASHMIR IN 14TH CENTURY

[PAPER ONLINE.ORG/HISTORY]

CHINA IS THE LEADING PRODUCER OF PAPER IN THE WORLD FOLLOWED BY UNITED STATES,JAPAN,GERMANY,CANADAINDIA IS RANKED AMONG THE TOP 15 GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS OF PAPERINDIA SHARES AROUND 1.6% OF TOTAL PAPER PRODUCTION OF WORLD,TOTAL TURNOVER OF AROUND 25,000 CRORES PER YEAR.THE INDUSTRY PROVIDES EMPLOYMENT TO 0.12 MILLION PEOPLE DIRECTLY AND 0.34 PEOPLE INDIRECTLY IN INDIA.INDIA IS AN FASTEST GROWING ECONOMY AND MARKET ,PAPER PRODUCTION IS ESTIMATED TO RISE IN MULTIPLES OVER COMING YEARS .INDIA IS EXPECTED TO TAKE A PLACE IN TOP 10 PAPER MANUFACTURERS BY 2020

INDIAN PAPER INDUSTRY

[INDIA.PAPEREX-EXPO.].

WOOD PROCUREMENT

95% PAPER MADE FROM WOOD FIBRES.WOOD IS

GROWN IN FORESTS OR IN PLANTATIONS FOR THE

PURPOSE OF PAPER MAKING

DECIDOUS HARDWOOD TREES-OAK,GUM

CONIFEROUS SOFTWOOD TREES-PINE[STRONGER PULP

[ILO ENCYLOPEDIA/PAPER INDUSTRY]

DEBARKING AND CHIPPING

DEBARKING IS DONE HYDRAULICALLY WITH HIGH PRESSURE WATER OR MECHANICALLY

AFTER DEBARKING ,LOGS AT CUT IN SIZES OF 1 TO 6METRES AND SEND TO CHIPPER MACHINESFOR MAKING CHIPS OF DIFFERENT SIZESCHIPS MAY BE PILED AND STORED FOR SEVERAL WKS AS INVENTORY

ILO ENCYLOPEDIA/PAPER INDUSRTY

PULPINGMECHANICAL- STONE GROUNDWOOD,THERMO-MECHANICAL,CHEMI-MECHANICALCHEMICAL-SULPHATE ,KRAFT,SULPHITE METHODSULPHATE PULPING IS MOST WIDELY FOLLOWEDILO ENCYLOPEDIA/PAPER INDUSTRY

PAPER MACHINE•NICHOLAS LOUIS ROBERT INVENTED, FOURDRINIER MODIFIED IT WITH A FELT SIDE AND WIRE SIDE•THE WIRE CAUSES PAPER FORMATION AT WET END .THE MAT WHICH LEAVES THIS PROCESS HAS 75% WATER•PRESSING OF MAT IS DONE IN ROLLERS TO REDUCE WATER CONTENT TO 60%,IT ALSO CAUSES WEB LIKE INTERACTION AMONG FIBRES•THEN MAT IS PASSED THROUH DRYING CYLINDERS WHICH REMOVE 55% MOISTURE GIVING THE FINAL PRODUCT WITH 5 WATER.•CALENDERING-PROCESS BY WHICH PAPER SURFACE IS IRONED SMOOTH AND THICKNESS REDUCED

HEALTH HAZARDS I. PHYSICAL HAZARDS- NOISE,HEAT,DUSTII. CHEMICAL HAZARDSIII. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDSIV. MECHANICAL HAZARDS

NOISE

WOOD DEBARKING,PAPERMACHINE,BOILER RECOVERYNOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS

NOISE LEVELS AT CHIPPING,PAPER MACHINES WERE NOTED TO BE ABOVE 90dB

CISILO/ILOSEARCH/PAPER INDUSTRYHAZARDS

HEATPULP COOKING,PULPING CHEMICAL RECOVERY,PAPER DRYING INVOLVE HIGH TEMPERATURESTEMPERATURES AROUND PAPER MACHINES WERE RECORDED ABOVE 60 C CAUSING HEAT EXHAUSTION AMONG WORKERS

CISILO/ILOSEARCH,PAPERINDUSTRYHAZARDS

WOOD DUST

CHIPPING,INTIAL STAGES OF CHIPPINGRISK OF OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMAIRRITATIVE LUNG DISEASECARCINOGEN

CISILO/ILOSEARCH/PAPERINDUSTRYHAZARDS

CHEMICAL HAZARDSSOLIDS-SODIUM CHOLARATE,SODIUM SULPHATE,LIME,CALCIUM,ASBESTOESLIQUIDS-SODIUM HYDROXIDE,TURPENTINE,SULPHUROUS ACID,AQUEOUS CHLORINE DIOXIDE,BIOCIDESGASES-SULPHUR DIOXIDE,CHLORINE DIOXIDE,OTHER VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDSBLEACHING,PULPING,

SULPHUR DIOXIDE- RESPIRATORY IRRITANT- DEATH DUE TO RESPIRATORY ILLNESSCONTACT DERMATITIS- CALCIUM HYDROXIDE,GLUES,ADDITIVESEYE IRRITANTS- CHLORINE,SULPHUR COMPOUNDS

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

BACTERIA,VIRUSES,FUNGI PARTICULARLY IN PAPER MACHINE,CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS,TREATMENT PLANTS FOR WASTE WATER AND WATER COOLING SYSTEMSHYPERSENSITIVITY

PNEUMONITIS,CHRONIC LUNG SCARING,BAGOSSOSIS

MECHANICAL HAZARDS

INJURIES & ACCIDENTS- MOSTLY DUE TO HANDLING OF HEAVY WEIGHTS OF PAPER BALES AND ROLLSCAUGHT BETWEEN ROTATING ROLLS AND EQUIPMENT[NIP POINTS]CRUSH BY FALLING AND TUMBLING OBJECTSOVER EXERTION INJURIES DUE TO REPETITIVE WORK

CANCER

•IARC- POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS IN PAPER INDUSTRY•ASBESTOES-MESOTHELIOMA•TALC,BENZIDINE,FORMALDEHYDE,EPICHLOROHYDRIN- POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS•WOOD DUST- NASAL CANCER

WHO/IARC/PAPERINDUSTRY

ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIAN

I. SYSTEMATIC ASSESMENT OF VARIOUS HAZARDS INVOVLED

II. PROACTIVE ROLE IN INSPECTION OF VARIOUS PROCESSES

III.WELL DESIGNED HEALTH EVALUATION FOR EARLY DETECTION

T-TOGETHERE-EVERYONEA-ACHEIVESM-MORE

DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE VARIOUS HAZARDS INVOLVED IN PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY?

1. PULP BLEACHING –HEALTH HAZARDS?

2. WOOD DUST- RELATED HEALTH HAZARDS

3. NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS

4. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN PAPER INDUSTRY

1]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT [PEL] OF WOOD DUST WITH RESPECT TO RESPIRATORY EXPOSURE IS …………………………………..?2]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT [PEL] OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE IN WORKPLACE IS ……………………………………?3]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE IS…………………………….?4]KRAFT PROCESS EMPLOYED INA]CHEMICAL PULPINGB]MECHANICAL PULPINGC]BLEACHINGD] ALL OF THE ABOVE5]PAPER MACHINE IS KNOWN AS………………………………………..6]FARMERS LUNG IS A TYPE OFA] CHEMICAL PNEUMONITISB]HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITISC]PNEUMONIAD]LUNG CANCER

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