treaty of versailles 1919. wilsons 14 points 1. no more secret agreements ("open covenants...

Treaty of Versailles 1919

Wilson’s 14 Points

1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at").

2. Free navigation of all seas.

3. An end to all economic barriers between countries.

4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers.

5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial

6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up.

7. Belgium should be independent like before the war.

8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine

• 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along• clearly recognizable lines of nationality."• 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-

Hungary.• 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for• the Balkan states.• 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-

Tur Turkish Empire should govern themselves.• 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the

sea.• 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and

territorial independence of all states.

• NOTE- 6-13 SELF- DETERMINATION

Negotiations

• Big Four– Pres. Wilson—U.S.– David Lloyd George—

GB – Clemenceau—France – Orlando—Italy

• Others– Japan– 28 lesser nations

III. Vengence & Greed

1. SECRET TREATIES DURING THE WAR

2. What do you think was their reaction to Wilson’s 14 Point Plan for Peace?

George ClemenceauFrench Prime

Minister

David Lloyd GeorgeBritish Prime Minister

FR & GRBR Agreed to Divide up Germany’s

Colonies & Take Territory Away

Election Campaign

Slogan“Make Them

Pay”

“The only way to ensure

a secure France is to

Crush Them”

III. Revenge?

3. PRESIDENT WILSON

4. IF TOO HARSH

What Does This Mean?

In 1919, the Big 4 met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty: Lloyd George of

Britain, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S.

“Go Easy”On GR / AU.

“Peace Without Victory”

Idealism vs. Security

President Wilson’s TaskWhat does this cartoon show?

Territorial Changes

• France– Alsace & Loraine– Saar region—

15years

• Poland– Polish Corridor– Danzig

• Italy– Trentino & Trieste

Territorial Changes

• Romania – Transylvania—

Hungary – Bessarabia—Russia

• Bulgaria– Lost land to Greece

& Yugoslavia

Territorial Changes

• New Nations– Austria– Hungary– Czechoslovakia– Yugoslavia– Baltic States

• Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, & Finland

Pre WWI Europe Click On Map To Go ToSource: www.worldwar1.com

Post WWI Map 1920: Restructured

Mandates

• France– Syria & Lebanon

• Great Britain– Palestine & Iraq

• Germany’s colonies• Africa

– France, Great Britain, Belgium, & South Africa

• Asia & Pacific– Japan, Australia, &

New Zealand

Mandates

Disarmament & Demilitarization

Germany

• Resented treaty

• Lost:– Territory & colonies

• Demilitarized• Impossible

reparation bill

Treaty = League of Nations

• 60 Nations• Settle disputes• Prevent future

war

Controversy

Controversy

• France feels insecure

• Germany felt wrongly punished

• No peace w/out victory

• Imperialism?• Nationalism?• Self-determination

?

World’s Future