what qualifies an organism to fit in plantae? must be able to photosynthesize almost unlimited...
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What qualifies an organism to fit in Plantae?
Must be able to photosynthesize Almost unlimited growth in certain regionsHave cells with cellulose Lack of organs to moveNo nervous system or sensory systemHave haploid and diploid generations
(britannica,2007)
BY: NADJA VAN BRENK
Distinguishing Characteristics of Plantae Compared To Other
Kingdoms
Animals
Plants: generally in one place, chlorophyll
Animals: can move on own Plants: make food, can’t
sense (usually) Animals: plants/ animals,
sensory + nervous system Plants: give oxygen + take
in CO2 Animals: give CO2 + take in
oxygen(mcwdn.org)
Plants Compared to…
Fungi
Plants: can make food, have chlorophyll
Fungi: can NOT make food, no chlorophyll
Plants: reproduce through pollen/seeds
Fungi: reproduce through spores (reproductive unit) – (Google Translate)
Plants: attach ground, cellulose, produce biomass
Fungi: net filaments, chitin, decompose biomass
(Difference Between.net)
Difference Between Plants and…
Achaea Eubacteria
Plants: found in oxygen environments
Achaea: only in oxygen free environments
Plants: reproduce through seeds/pollen
Achaea: reproduce through “binary fission”
(Jirage, October 18,2012)
Plants: seeds/pollenEubacteria: “binary
fission” (pinch off, DNA splits)
(Chelius, Kent, Yannarell, Triplett)
Plants compared to…
Difference Between Plants and Protista
Plants: don’t moveProtista: flagellum, cilia, or
amoeboid mechanismsPlants: cell wallProtista: usually no cell wallProtista: TINY. (Caprette)
What do plants have?
• Plants can make their own food• Sunlight, water + carbon dioxide = simple sugars• Terrestrial plants vascular system• Water from ground + into plant• Aquatic plants absorb water + nutrients leaves
What does it have?
• Plants take carbon dioxide• Use for photosynthesis, +
release oxygen• Plants have cell wall,
cellulose + pectin• Plants rely third parties to
procreateex: wind, animals + water
What traits are required?
Multi-cellular and develop from embryos
Photosynthesize, contain chloroplasts
Cellular-based cell walls Plants are eukaryotes
(Abedon,1997)
(Waters,2006)
Aloe Vera
Scientific name- Aloe vera or Aloe barbadensis
(Olga berrios, 2008)
(LINCOLNOSE2®, flickr, 2008)
What is Aloe?
Aloe is a Lilly like plant
Is found in warm, dry climates
Is grey-green with about 25 leaves
The plant has little/no stem
Has medical qualities
Native to Africa (Sheep"R"Us, flickr, 2008)
Taxonomy of Aloe
Kingdom-PlantaeSubkingdom-Tracheobionta
Superdivision- SpermatophytaDivision-Magnoliophyta
Class-LiliopsidaSubclass-Liliidae
Order-LilialesFamily-Aloaceae
Genus-Aloe L
(USDA,2006)
Habitats
Aloe was originally from Africa Now found in many warm climates Grown commercially in California, Texas,
Florida Found in, America, Europe, Australia,
Mediterranean
(Onekell, flickr, 2006)
(Pfatter, flickr, 2012)
(Samuel said,2003, Earlham, 2003)
Threats to Aloe
Frost in the ground is fatal
Flooding, roots can drown
Animals will eat aloe
Deforestation, humans taking its habitat away
Also fires when climate is dry
(Leonora Enking, 2010)
Human impact
Humans use the plant for medicine We also plant and farm AloeWe've moved it to many countries Our deforestation takes away its habitat
( jdong, flickr, 2007)
(Gravitywave, flickr, 2005)
Medical benefits
Heals wounds, cuts, burns and constipation
Has agents to kill/control infection
pain killing agents as well
Contains anti-inflammatory fatty acids
has 23 immune stimulators
Also 2 tumour fighting ingredients
(Phuong Tran, flickr, 2010)
(flp, 2005)
References Britannica.(2007, ). .Retrieved from http://kids.britannica.com/lm/passport/plant_kingdom.pdfSamuel said.(2003, ). Forever living products.Retrieved
from http://www.aloeria.co.uk/html/top_10_flp_facts.html USDA(united states department of agriculture).(2006, ).Plants profile, aloe .Retrieved
from http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=alve2 Earlham college.(2003,April 4).Aloe Vera.Retrieved from http://legacy.earlham.edu/~banvael/aloevera.html
Lincolnose(2008)http://www.flickr.com/photos/lincolnose2/2262852050/
( Olga berrios, 2008) retrieved from march 4th 2013http://www.flickr.com/photos/ofernandezberrios/2846295298/
One kell (2006) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/onekell/125052894/
Augustsieben(2007) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/augustsieben/7148520631/ enkin (2010) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/33037982@N04/4248212766/Jdong (2006) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/jdong/626808472/sizes/m/in/photostream/Gravity wave (2007) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/gravitywave/37176722/
Phuong (2009) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/phuonglovejesus2782010/5558469173/
Sheeprus.(2008, ).Aloe Vera .Retrieved from retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/sheeprus/2917537790.
BY: NADJA VAN BRENK
Venus flytrap
(Cepolina)
Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: AnthophytaClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: NepenthalesFamily: DroseraceaeGenus: Dionaea
(Arkive)
What is a Venus flytrap?
Definition: carnivorous plant,
catches + digests prey (Google translate)
Dionaea muscipulaDionaea – “diana”-
goddess of love + beauty
Muscipula – mousetrap
Venus – goddess Aphrodite “Dione”
flytrap – catches insects
(Matt, 2008, April 4)
Structure
Stock- around <14 inches 4-8 leaves (rosette formation)Short roots, cilia, trigger
hairs, lobes (Carolina Carnivores, 2004)
Tiny white flowers bloom- unless cut (Vicynthia, May 21, 2012)
Glands on lobes (nectar/digestive juices)
Interior= red/exterior= green
(Schnell, 2002)
Botanical Society of America
Habitat
Coast North + South Carolina (savannas + wetlands) –(Schnell, 2002)
Most plants can’t survive- flytraps can
Soil around pH 4-5In peat, sand, or loam Perennial Habitat of not usually
below 32 F (Meeker-O’Connell)(Carolina Carnivores, 2004)
Venus flytrap
How does it catch it’s prey?
• Contains ion channels
• Fires neurons
• Stimulated mechanoreception (chemical + electrical changes)
(Rogers, 2009, July 31)
timer @ one touch (range 20-40 seconds)
lobes snap shut (about 0.3 seconds)
fluid shift + growth cells outer surface
(Schnell, 2002)
How Does it Catch it’s Prey (Continued)
not food = “spit” out 12h later
The cilia will keep prey inside
digestive fluids IN and bacteria OUT
After 4-5 openings, turns black + dies
slightly open after catching prey
(Meeker-O’Connell)
How does the Venus flytrap Digest the Prey?
Size of prey
Temperature
How old the Venus Fly Trap is
# of times going through the process (Botanical Society of America)
digestive juices + dissolves inner NOT exoskeleton
5-12 days:Reabsorbs digestive juices +
opens up(Meeker, O’Connell)
Endangerment Status
Human beings Logging and trying to stop
wildfiresPoachers (for profit)(Jennings, 2012, January 26)(Baker, 2008, May 10)
Applications/Impacts
extract to make an herbal remedy
Liquid form/capsuleInjected/by mouthPlumbagin – active
ingredient Also: flavonoids, acids,
enzymesSome people believe it
prevents cancers, etc. (American Cancer Society, 2008)
Venus flytrap
http://w
ww.youtube.com/watch?
v=O7eQKSf0LmY
References
References Baker, M. (2008, May 10). USA Today. Retrieved February 25, 2013 from
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/environment/2008-10-05-venus-flytraps_N.htm Caprette, D.R. (n.d.). Experimental Biosciences. Retrieved February 26, 2013 from
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/invertebrates/kingdoms.html Chelius, M.K., Kent, A.D., Yannarell, A.C., & Triplett, E.W. (n.d.) Biology Reference.
Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www.biologyreference.com/Ep-Fl/Eubacteria.html Jennings, A. (2012, January 26). abc News. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from
http://abcnews.go.com/US/endangered-venus-flytrap-poached-profit/story?id=15444075 Jirage, R. (2012, October 10). Buzzle. Retrieved February 26, 2013 from
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/characteristics-of-archaebacteria.html Johnson, R.L, (2007). Carnivorous Plants. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company. Matt. (2008, April 4). FlyTrap Care. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from
http://www.flytrapcare.com/venus-fly-trap-background-information.html?start=3 Meeker-O’Connell, A. (n.d.) How Stuff Works. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from
http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/botany/venus-flytrap.htm Roberts, A. (n.d.) Ehow Home. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from
http://www.ehow.com/facts_7624155_relationship-between-venus-flytrap-insects.html Rogers, K. (2009, July 31). Encyclopedia Britannica Blog. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from
http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2009/07/the-carnivorous-venus-flytrap/
References
Schnell, D.E. (2002). Carnivorous Plants of the United States and Canada (2nd Edition). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, Inc.
Tucker, A. (2010, February). Smithsonian.com. Retrieved March 2, 2013 from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/The-Venus-Flytraps-Lethal-Allure.html?c=y&page=1
Vicynthia. (2012, May 21). Tree-nation. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from http://www.tree-nation.com/forests/discussions/2038/highlight-a-fact-about-rainforests-flowers
Carolina Carnivores. (n.d.) Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://carolinacarnivores.com/html/venus_flytrap.html
American Cancer Society. (2008, November 28). Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/venus-flytrap
Archaea [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaea
Plants. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www.mcwdn.org/Plants/PlantsDiffer.html My Carnivore. (n.d.) Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www.mycarnivore.com/venus-fly-trap-care.php Carnivorous Venus Fly Trap- Carnivorous [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.cepolina.com/carnivorous-
venus-fly-trap.html Difference Between.net. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from
http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-fungi-and-plants/ BBC. (2009, December 2). Life- Venus Flytraps: Jaws of Death- BBC One [Video]. Available from
http://www.youtube.com/ Venus Flytrap closed [Photograph]. Retrieved from
http://www.arkive.org/venus-flytrap/dionaea-muscipula/image-G130819.html The Mysterious Venus’ Flytrap. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2013 from
http://www.botany.org/bsa/misc/carn.html Arkive. (2006, June 6). Rice, Barry. Retrieved March 3, 2013 from
http://www.arkive.org/venus-flytrap/dionaea-muscipula/image-G130819.html
Kingdom presentationsPITCHER PLANT
Pitcher plant photo(2013)retrieved march 3, 2013, www.nikiwilson.com
Taxonomy
taxon Pitcher plantkingdom Plantae
phylum anthophyta
class dictyledons
order nepenthales
family sarraceniaceae
genus sarracenia
species Sarracenia ruba
Malloy, Gerald(2008)bio web, retrieved march 3, 2013, http://bioweb.uwlax.edu
Nutrition
Pitcher plant is a carnivorous plantAttracts prey by secreting nectarPrimary food source is insectsFeeds on nectar, moves into plantThen the prey falls into plantEnzymes released by special digestive
glands
Malloy, Gerald(2008)bio web, retrieved march 3, 2013, http://bioweb.uwlax.edu
Habitat
Native to anyplace with right habitatSunny bogs, covered in peat mossSoil they live in water loggedSoil is low in mineralsSoil has low pH levelsSoil has low nitrogen levels
Mentzer Pond, Alissa(2013)Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013, www.ehow.com
Threats
Loss of its wetland environment Air and water pollution, forest clearingForest clearingOther man made environmental changesLoss of plant will affect ecosystem
U.S fish and wildlife service(January 11, 2012) retrieved march 3 2013, www.fws.gov.com
Oien, Larry(september 7,2012)retrieved march 3, 2013, www.flickr.com
Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ya2ndp1OrPQ
ReferencesGeneral:Martinez, Jessica (2013) Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013, www.ehow.com
Specific:Malloy, Gerald(2008) Bioweb, retrieved march 3, 2013, http://bioweb.uwlax.eduMentzer Pond, Alissa(2013)Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013, www.ehow.comU.S fish and wildlife service(January 11,2012) retrieved march 3, 2013, www.fws.gov.com
Pictures:Oien, Larry(September 7, 2012) retrieved march 3, 2013, www.flickr.com (slide 5)Pitcher plant photo (2013), retrieved march3, 2013, www.nikiwilson.com, (title)
BRUGMANSIA CANDIDA
Angel’s Trumpet)
(Ghosh, 2008)
Taxonomy
Kingdom- PlantaePhyla- Magnoliophyta(flowering) Class- MagnoliopsidaOrder- SolanalesFamily- SolanaceaeGenus- BrugmansiaSpecies- candida
(National Tropical Botanical Garden, 2013)
(Murphy,2005)
Description
Evergreen shrubGrows to be 10-20 feet tallThe plant creates an umbrella-like canopyFlowers grow to 9-14 inches longMany colours: white, yellow, orange + pinkAll parts of plant are poisonous
(National Tropical Botanical Garden,2013)
Habitat
Native to South AmericaRuns from Columbia, down to southern Peru
+ middle of Chile Grows best in damp conditionsCan be grown in North America
- should in greenhouse, temperatures under 5°C
(National Tropical Botanical Garden,
2013)
(Butterfield, 2009)
Hallucinogenic
Scopolamine causes powerful hallucinationsPlant induces a trance stageAffects violent, user may physically
restrainedOverdose symptoms: convulsions, coma, permanent damage heart, death
(TheDrugSafety.com, 2011)
(Porter,2009)
Native Uses
Drink hot + cold infusions, leaves + flowersGound seeds into fermented maize beer Natives Brazil smoke leaves narcotic effectBelieved to relieve asthma
Top(Tropicals LLC, 2003 – 2013)(Valke,2010)
References I N F O R M A T I O N
A N G E L’ S T R U M P E T. ( N A ) . R E T R I E V E D F E B R UA RY 2 6 , 2 0 1 3 , F R O M H T T P : / / T H E D R U G S A F E T Y. C O M / H E R B S / D AT U R A - A N D - B R U G M A N S I A /B R U G M A N S I A X C A N D I D A . ( N A ) . R E T R I E V E D F E B R UA RY 2 6 , 2 0 1 3 , F R O M H T T P : / / N T B G . O R G / P L A N T S / P L A N T _ D E TA I L S . P H P ? P L A N T I D = 1 1 8 5 0D AT U R A . ( N A ) . R E T R I E V E D F E B R UA RY 2 6 , 2 0 1 3 , F R O M H T T P : / / T O P T R O P I C A L S . C O M / H T M L / T O P T R O P I C A L S / A RT I C L E S / S P E C I A L .H T ME V O LU T I O N O F P L A N T S ( 1 9 9 7 , M AY 1 9 ) . R E T R I E V E D F E B R UA RY 2 6 , 2 0 1 3 , F R O M H T T P: / / W W W. M A N S F I E L D . O H I O - S TAT E . E D U / ~S A B E D O N / B I O L 3 0 6 0 . H T M
P I C T U R E S
A N G E L’ S T R U M P E T [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 0 8 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / C O M M O N S . W I K I M E D I A . O R G / W I K I / F I L E : A N G E LT R U M P E T _ M O U N TS _ A S I T. J P GA N G E L’ S T R U M P E T [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 0 9 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / W W W. F L I C K R . C O M / P H O T O S / V I C T O R I A P O RT E R / 3 2 6 7 2 9 1 5 0 8 /B E S H A R A M [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 1 0 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / W W W. F O T O P E D I A . C O M / I T E M S / F L I C K R - 2 4 6 4 3 1 6 8 6 4B R U G M A N S I A [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 0 5 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / C O M M O N S . W I K I M E D I A . O R G / W I K I / F I L E : B R U G M A N S I A _ ( D E TA I L ) .J P GB R U G M A N S I A [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 0 9 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / J A . F O T O P E D I A . C O M / I T E M S / F L I C K R - 4 0 2 0 2 9 1 6R H U S G L A B R A [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 0 6 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / W W W. F L I C K R . C O M / P H O T O S / T I M -WAT E R S / 1 8 5 5 8 7 2 6 9 /
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