• Analyze the causes of the Civil War

• Analyze the political, economic and social atmosphere in the USA in the 1850s

• Judge the causes and effects of the Compromise of 1850

1. The Leadup to 1850. The Civil War is a war that was decades in the making. – A few American

principles/beliefs started to boil over by 1850 and tear the North and South apart

• 12 to 12…• 36° 30’…

• Problems w/each year?

2nd Principle?

• What are the stories?• Why is this a big deal?

Who is gaining more political power?Where does make an impact?

House of Reps Balance

Why so much “debate” and so little results in DC?

• Executive• Legislative• Judicial

Who haspowerin DC?

Through the 1840s and 1850s what was the

Supreme Court’s stance on State’s Rights?

1. Washington 1789-1796…Federalist2. Adams 1796-1800…Federalist3. Jefferson 1800-1808…Dem-Rep4. Madison 1808-1816…Dem-Rep5. Monroe 1816-1824…Dem-Rep6. Q Adams 1824-1828…Nat Republican7. Jackson 1828-1836…Democrat8. Van Buren 1836-1840…Democrat9. WH Harrison 1840-1841…Whig10. Tyler 1841-1844…“Whig” but really a Democrat11. Polk 1844-1848…Democrat12. Taylor 1848-1850…Whig13. Fillmore 1850-1852…Whig14. Pierce 1852-1856…Democrat15. Buchanan 1856-1860…Democrat16. ??????? 1860-1865…REPUBLICAN!!!! Wait, there’s

more!!!

• From 1828 to 1860…– Democrats have almost total control

• In the Election of 1860, what happens?– Republicans take the HOUSE and SENATE!!!

Who controls Congress?

Compromiseof 1850

f. John Calhoun’s ideag. Western territories? 2 options!!!!

a. CA wantsin as afree state

• Make a Compromise that makes everyone happy enough

• Debated for almost 1 year!!

• Failed many times– could have

started Civil War in 1850

• Creator = HC• Finisher = DW Henry Clay’s

last hurrah

a. CA wants in as a Free State– Yes…16-15!!

b. TX and NM fighting over state borders– NM gets land

c. TX has $10 million debt– Gets debt taken by the Fed Gov

d. Whigs want DC to abolish slavery completely– Just the trade of slaves, but slavery still exists in the capital

e. South wants tougher Fugitive Slave Act…– Yes!!!! To Be continued!!!

f. John Calhoun’s idea to split the USA?– NO!!! (but the idea is really strong out there)

g. Western territories? Wilmot Proviso or Pop Sovereignty?– Map on next page…

The Real Compromise of 1850

USA from the Compromise of 1820

USA from the Compromise of 1850

• Ordered citizens of the USA to assist in the return of enslaved people who had escaped their owners.

• No Jury trial for escaped slaves

• Whites who help(ed) runaway slaves could be fined or imprisoned

• Reactions to this? – More on this later

• Did not like the Compromise– Threatened to Veto it

• What happens to ZT?– Dies of indigestion– Wife killed him?

• President Fillmore in favor of compromise

• What is this?• What does this say

about what the people in the North are doing?

Start toget printed

• Publicly wrote…– “The act of Congress…is a

law which every one of you will break on the earliest occasion – a law which no man can obey, or abet the obeying, without loss of self-respect and forfeiture of the name of gentleman.”

• Privately he wrote…– “This filthy enactment was

made in the 19th century, by people who could read and write. I will not obey it, by God.”

Legacy of the Compromise of 1850

• What is the only thing it really accomplished?

a. CA wants in as a Free State– Yes…16-15!!

b. TX and NM fighting over state borders– NM gets land

c. TX has $10 million debt– Gets debt taken by the Fed Gov

d. Whigs want DC to abolish slavery completely– Just the trade of slaves, but slavery still exists in the capital

e. South wants tougher Fugitive Slave Act…– Yes!!!! To Be continued!!!

f. John Calhoun’s idea to split the USA?– NO!!! (but the idea is really strong out there)

g. Western territories? Wilmot Proviso or Pop Sovereignty?– Map on next page…

Who won? North or South?

• Analyze the causes of the Civil War

• Analyze the political, economic and social atmosphere in the USA in the 1850s

• Judge the causes and effects of the KS-NE Act and Bleeding Kansas

1854…South still upset about something

• Creator = – Illinois Senator Stephen

Douglas…what party?• Democrat

• His motives? (think big)– Wants to be President

• but Douglas is from a Northern State. He needs support from where/whom?

– Believes in an important principle too…

• Missouri Compromise Line says KS+NE territories must be…

• KS-NE Act changes that…give the territories what?

• KS & NE people can vote what they want to be– Think Federalism…

who is strengthened/ weakened?

• Who is – Why?

• Who is – Why?– Why are they wrong

• What happens to Douglas?– Loses support!!!– Angers some

members in his own party? Who?

• What is the overall impact on the USA? More…– Tension– Division

• Pop Sovereignty causes a problem…–Kansas is split in

many ways…• 2 Parties…

– Free Soil Party….

– Pro-Slavery Party

• 2 Govs• 2 Capitals (for

each gov)

• Which side was behind each attack?–May 21…–May 24…

• John Brown brutally murders 5 men

• Impact?

Story #3 in 1856…

• Whig Party by 1850s

• Why?–Leaders were

dying off–Not tough

enough on slavery for Northeast• Free-Soil Party

fed that niche in the population

Birthof a

partytoo

• Forms in 1854

• There are 2 moments that help create the party– 1850…– 1854…

• Slavery…–Moral evil–What do you

want to do to it? Eliminate it? Other options?

• Whigs– Leftovers from

the dead party• Free-Soilers

– Followed same hard slavery principles

• Anti-Slavery Democrats…– Also became

in the 1850s

Day 110Objectives

• Analyze the events that causes the secession of the South and the start of the Civil War

• Judge the impact and legacy of John Brown

• 1857 (timeline)

What is Dred Scott’s Story?

• Scott sued Mr. Sanford (Mrs. Emerson’s brother– What is Scott’s

argument? (and the big issue?)

• What do you think happened to cases like this in the past?– Slaves were

winning (?)

You are the Supreme Court…What documentsand amendments do you

have to weigh here?

How does the Supreme Court decide?• 7-2 against Scott…

1. Scott was a slave and could not sue

2. A slave moving from a slave state to a free state/territory does not liberate the slave!!!• The slave is

technically still... – Opposite the snake

and the fireworks– Like the license

3. Living in a free state did not free Scott

• No person shall be held to answer for any capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

d. Impactin 1857?

• More…• What conclusions does the North make?• Who has been on a winning streak lately? (hmmm)

• 1858 (timeline)• Battle for Senate position…

• Public debates in 7 of the 9 Illinois districts

• Big issue debated was slavery…(more on this later)

• Who wins?– Lincoln wins too…AL

looked and sounded great in the debates

• Lincoln made the South dislike Douglas more as a Prez candidate

• Who will be opponents in 1960 Prez election?

• 1800-1859• Religious family…(?)

– Gave up being a minister• Travelled from state to

state never doing well economically– Many failed businesses– Declared Bankruptcy

• Two marriages and many kids!!! (Cletus)

• How does JB look? • Why is this guy a great

candidate…– similar to someone else

• Abolitionist and Minister Elijah Lovejoy killed in Illinois by a mob

• Brown publicly vowed: “Here, before God, in the presence of these witnesses, from this time, I consecrate my life to the destruction of slavery!”

• Bleeding Kansas (1856)

• Harpers Ferry (1859)

• What is John Brown’s mission/ goal?–Lead a slave

uprising that would spread throughout the South• Just like who?

– Nat Turner– Moses

• Planning– Gets support from

secret financiers– JB asks Harriet

Tubman to join (she declines)

• Brown gets 21 followers, including his son Otto, and 5 blacks

• The Attack– JB attacks an armory

in Harper’s Ferry, VA– October 16, takes the

armory with his aids

• Militias surround the armory and kill most of Brown’s supporters

• Brown is wounded and captured

• Also gives confession

• Guilty of Treason• Brown’s Impact…

– Lincoln called him “misguided fanatic”

– Everyone voiced their opinion

– What did the North and South think of him?

– What will the South do now?

• Title = John Brown Legacy• The legacy of John Brown is one of the most difficult

ones to figure out. Statues of him exist in Kansas!!!• What should John Brown be remembered for more…

– ????

Story #9 = The Final Whack

• Republicans pick the rising Abraham Lincoln• Democrats are split in their convention!!

– Stephen Douglas = Northern Democrat– JC Breckinridge = Southern Democrat

• Republicans are not the majority

• You can’t have a President win without one single vote from the South

• Republicans will oppress the South

We have already gone over the circumstances…