anatomy of bones from head to toes to hands. vocabulary medial lateral anterior posterior superior...
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Anatomy of Bones
From Head to toes to hands
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Vocabulary Medial Lateral Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior Proximal Distal Dorsal/dorsum Palmar Plantar Condyle/epicondyle Fossa Process Tuberosity Styloid
Apophysis Diaphysis Epiphysis Medullary cavity Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Periosteum Endoosteum Articular
Cartilage/Hyaline Osteocytes Cancellous Bone Wolff’s Law
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Function of Bone 1. Body support 2. Organ protection 3. Movement (through joints and
levers) 4. Calcium storage 5. Formation of blood cells
(hematopoesis)
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Types of Bone Flat- skull, ribs, scapula Irregular- vertebral column, skull Short – wrist and ankle Long- humerus, ulna, radius, femur,
tibia, fibula, phalanges, metqacarpal/metatarsal
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How the bone works You can see:
Diaphysis, epiphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, & endosteum
The end of bones have a layer of hyaline cartilage that provide a very smooth surface that protects and cushions blows to the joint.
Periosteum:Covers long bonesSharpey’s fibers connect the periosteum to
underlying boneMuscle/tendon fibers interlace the periosteum
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Bone Growth
Bone ossification occurs by the synthesis of osteoblasts
Osteoblasts builds new bone on the outside of the bone
Same time osteoclsts increase the medullary cavity by breaking down bony tissue.
Osteogenesis occurs when there is a balance of bone formation and bone destruction
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Bone Trauma Periostitis Bone fractures
Depressed fxGreenstick
fractureImpacted fractureLongitudinal
fractureSpiral fractureOblique fracture
Serrated fractureTransverse FxCommunited FxContrecoup FxBlowout FxAvulsion FxStress Fx.Epiphyseal Fx:
Salter-Harris Type I-V
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Anatomy Of The Elbow/Wrist/Hand 1. Navicular (scaphoid) 2. Lunate 3. Triquetral 4. Pisiform 5. Hamate 6. Capitate 7. Trapezoid 8. Trapezium 9. Ulnar styloid 10. Radial Styloid 11. Distal/middle
/proximal phalanx 12 DIP, PIP, MCP joints
Phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpus
Radius
Ulna
HAND, ANTERIOR VIEW
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Anatomy Of The Elbow
1. Humeral Shaft. 2. Radial Shaft. 3. Ulnar Shaft. 4. Olecranon Process. 5. Head of the Radius. 6. Coronoid Process of
the Ulna. 7. Medial
Supracondylar ridge.
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Bones of the elbow
1 Capitulum- 2 Trochlea 3 Lateral
epicondyle 4 Medial
epicondyle
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Radial Shaft. Ulnar Shaft. Humeral Shaft. Medial Epicondyle. Lateral Epicondyle. Radial Tuberosity. Olecranon Process of
the Ulna.
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Proximal Humerus and shoulder region
Humerus Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Bicipital groove Head of humerus
Scapula Acromion process Coracoid process Glenoid fossa Supra/infraspinatus
fossa Subscapularis fossa Superior/inferior border
and angle Medial/lateral border Spine of the scapula
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Deltoid tuberosity
Greater tubercle
Head of humerus
Inferior angle
Superior angle
Glenoid fossa
Supraspinatus fossa
Infraspinatus fossa
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Shoulder
Subscapularis fossa
Lesser tubercle
Bicipital groove
Coracoid process
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Clavicle and Sternum Manubrium Body of the sternum Xiphoid Process
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Vertebrae
Body
Transverse process
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
facets
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Vertrebral Column
7-cervical 12-thoracic 5-lumbar Sacrum Coccyx
Sacral iliac joint
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Hip/pelvis
ilium
ischium Head of femur
Greater trochanter
Iliac crest
ASIS
AIIS
ILIAC TUBEROSITY
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Hip/pelvis
Iliac Crest
Iliac Fossa
ASIS
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Body of Ischium
Body of Pubis
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Knee
Lateral femoral condyle
Fibular styloid
Head of fibula
Tibial tuberosity
Gerdy’s tubercle
Medial femoral condyle
Medial tibial condyle
Lateral tibial condyle
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Posterior knee
Popliteal surface
Intercondylar fossa
Styloid of fibula
Posterior iintercondylar fossa