antibiotika kesmas

7/24/2019 ANTIBIOTIKA KESMAS

1/21

ANTI BIOTIKA

BY: DELINA HASAN

PRODI KESMAS

2015

1DH-farm-kesmas-2012


2/21

Antibiotika.

a! "# $%&as%'ka( )r#a(%sme

Bers%fa! *ak!er%+%$ $a( *ak!er%)s!a!%k

Kem)!era,% : *a&a( k%m%a "a(#mam, me(#&am*a! ke&%$,a(kma( $% $a'am !*&

Pera( ,e(e'%!% k'%(%s% /erss *ak!er% ()me(k'a!r



3/21

IDENIIKASI

Pe3ar(aa( #ram : %$e(!%!as *ak!er% ,a!)#e( $ar%!em,a! %(feks% 4 ,e3ar(aa(

K'!r : ,em*%aka( $a( %$e(!%kas% m%kr)*a

K'!r ,)s%!%, ,a's : *%'a k'!r !erk)(!am%(as%

K'!r (e#a!%, ,a's : sam,e' !er%(feks% 4 me$%ak'!r 4 !ek(%k !%$ak sesa%

KHM : K)(se(!ras% HAm*a! M%(%ma' a$a'a&k)(se(!ras% a(!%*%)!%k "# $a,a! me(+e#a&,er!m*&a( k'!r



4/21

Resistensi

%m*'("a $a"a !a&a( kma(!er&a$a, )*a!

Res%s!e(s% kma( *%sa massa' )'e&kma( "# res%s!e(



5/21

Nosokomial di RS

ak!)r res%s!e(s%

Pe(#)*a!a( "# !er'am*a!

D)s%s !er'a' re($a&

Kma( a$a,!as% $e(#a( )*a!

Pem*er%a( A.B !%$ak !e,a! sasara(

Kea$aa( s%k ,e($er%!a me($k(# !er*e(!k("a kma($e(#a( +e,a!

Hiperreaksi (Reaksi Yang Berlebihan)

H%,erse(s%!%!as

)ks%s%!as

S,er %(feks%

Efek km'as%



6/21

K'as%kas% Antibiotika

Pe(%s%'%( Sefa')s,)r%(

e!ras%k'%(

K')ramfe(%k)'

Am%()#'%k)s%$a

A(!%*%)!%k 'a%( : makr)'%$a er%!r)m%s%(



7/21

PENISILIN 4 SEALOSPORIN

PENISILIN BAKERI 9RAM - 4

9RAMSREPOKOK;SSAILOKOK;SSPIROKEAKLOSRIDIAANRAKS AKINIMISEES

PENISILIN PER ORAL BAIK BEBERAPA IDAK R;SAK KRNENIM 4 H


8/21

PENISILIN (Lactam)

DISRIB;SINYA KE OAK

ELIMINASI >IA RENAL

INDIKASI:

- PNE;MONIA

- MENIN9IIS

- OIIS MEDIA

- ARIN9IIS

- DEMAM RE;MAIK

- ENDOKARDIIS

- 9ONORE

- ANRAKS

- KLOSRIDIA 9AS 9AN9REN 4 EAN;S

- OSEOMILIIS

- DIPHERI

?DH-farm-kesmas-2012


9/21

PENISILIN.

PERAMAKALI DIISOLASI DARI @AM;R PENIER PENISILINRESISENSI PEMBEN;KANPENISILINASEC

SIA KIMIA : PENISILINSEALOSPORINMONOLAKAMAREONAMC DAN KARBAPENEM IMIPENEMC


10/21

9OLON9AN PENISILIN

PENISILIN 9 600.000-8 @;A ;NIC

PROKAIN PENISILIN BENAIN PENISILIN

AMPISILIN

AMOKSISILIN

OKSASILIN 4 KLOKSASILIN

SEALOSPORIN



11/21

PENISILIN.

ASAM KLA>;LANA PROBENISID MEMPERK;A KER@APENISILIN +)(!)&: A;9MENIN 4 IMENINC

REAKSI ALER9I: REAKSI PENISILIN BERKISAR DARI R;AMK;LI SAMPAI SYOK ANAILAKIK 4 POENSIALMEN9AN


12/21

SEFALOSPORIN

MEKANISME SAMA DG PENISILIN

15 P ALER9I PENISILIN @;9A ALER9I SEALOSPORIN

PERAMA KALI ;G BAKERI 9RAM POSIIP



13/21

GOLONGAN SEFALOSPORIN

9ENERASI I

9ENERASI II

9ENERASI III

9ENERASI I>

GENERASI I

SEALEKSIN SEAOLIN

SEALOIN

SERADIN

SEADROKSIL

SEAPRIN



14/21

GENERASI II

SEAKLOR

SE;ROKSIM

SEAMANDOL

SEOKSIIN

SEOEAN

SEONI


15/21

GENERASI III

SEOAKSIM

SERIAKSON

SEIKSIM

SEIOKSIM

SEOPERAON

MOKSALAKAM

SEIDIM



16/21

ERASIKLIN

9OL SPER;M L;AS

PADA BAKERI 9RAM DAN 9RAM -

PADA RIKESIAAM;BAMIKOPLASMA

RAKOMA

PER OS BAIK

MEABOLI PADA 9I9I 4 ;LAN9



17/21

KLORAMFENIKOL

SPEK;M L;AS @;9A

SPESIIK PADA BAKERI SALMONELLA YPOA HEMOPHILIS

INL;ENA B)e$e!e''a Per!s%s

Efek SAMPIN9 : KEB;AAN 4 ALER9I

LARAN9AN IB; MENY;S;I

GOLONGAN TETRASIKLIN DOKSISIKLIN

MEASILIN

KLORERASIKLIN

ERASIKLIN

OKSIERASIKLIN

1=DH-farm-kesmas-2012


18/21

Tetrasiklin

A(!%*%)!%k s,ek!rm 'as Ba%k ,$ *ak!er% #ram -G

@#a ,$ R%ke!s%aam*a!rak)ma

B%'a $)s%s !%$ak !e,a! me("e*a*ka( res%s!e(s%Gke*a'

Pe(##(aa("a ,er )s

D%,e(#ar&% maka(a(')#am sema+am A'M#


19/21

Aminoglikosida

Bak!er%)s!a!%k !&$ #ram


20/21

Ka(am%s%(Ne)m%s%(Am%kas%(9e(!am%s%( 4 )*ram%s%(

Bak!er%s%$ ,$ #ram $a(

Pe("era,a( (e)m%s%( 4 ka(am%s%( ,er )s Je'ek s$#ka(#e(!am%s%( 4 !)*ram%s%( *a%k

Se$%aa( sa'e, 9e(!am%s%( *a("ak $%*er%ka( ,$ 'ka *akar 4'ka ,$ k'%!

Eritromisin Ak!%/%!as m%r%, ,e(%s%'%(

Keka!a( 'e*%& re($a&

Se*a#a% ,re,ara! ,e(##a(!% ,e(%s%'%(

Per )s *a%k

Kera+(a(: ma'm(!a&s,er%(feks% $a( a'er#%

S,%ram%s%( m%r%, er%!r)m%s%(E S,%ra$a( !a* 4 s"r,C

A%!r)m%+%( !a*s"r, %!r)ma !a*s"r,C



21/21

Kel Polimiksin

P)'%m%ks%( A

P)'%m%ks%( B"a(# $%,aka%

P)'%m%ks%(

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