aspects of connected speech 968

8/3/2019 Aspects of Connected Speech 968

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Aspects of connectedspeech


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Rhythm

Syllable-timed rhythm Stressed-timed rhythm


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Rhythm Definition: Stress-timed rhythm is speech

rhythm in which the stressed syllable are

said to recur at equal intervals of time.

Eg.

One day last week I went for a walk in the

country.


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Rhythm Rhythm unit / foot:

from a stressed syllable up tothe following stressed

syllable


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Rhythm Eg.

||Yes/ter/day I |saw/ him /in /the|ci/ne/ma||.


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Assimilation

Definition. Types of assimilation

Rules of assimilation


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Assimilation

Definition: (1) When a speech

sound changes and become morelike another sound which follows it

or precedes it, this is called

assimilation.


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Assimilation

Definition: (2) In connected

speech, adjacent sounds frequentlyinfluence each other so that they

become more alike, or assimilate.

This is called assimilation.


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Types of assimilation

Regressive / anticipatory:

Eg. White coat : /t/

/k/ Progressive:

Eg. Books : / s /

dogs : /z/


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Rules of assimilation

Assimilation of place Assimilation of manner

Assimilation of voice


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Assimilation of place

Final alveolar/t/

+ becomes bilabial /p/ before bilabials:

eg. That man : /t/ /p/

Light blue : /t/ /p/

+ becomes dental before dentals

eg. Get there: /t/ dentalised

+ becomes velar /k/ before velars

eg. That car : /t/ /k/

that girl : /t/ /k/


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Final alveolar/d/

+ becomes bilabial /b/ before bilabials

eg. Good morning : /d/ /b/+ becomes dental before dentals

eg. Dead thief : /d/ dentalised

+ becomes velar /g/ before velarseg. Bad cold : /d/ in bad /g/


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Final alveolar /n/:

+ becomes bilabial /m/ before bilabials

eg. Ten bags : /n/ /m/+ becomes dental before dentals

eg. Main thing : /n/ /m/

+ becomes velar // before dentalseg. Ten cars : /n// /


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Final alveolar /s/ becomes // and /z/

becomes // before // or /j/

eg. This shop : /s/

these years : /z/


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Assimilation of manner

Final plosive becomes a fricative or a nasal

eg. That song : /t/ /s/

bad news : /d/ /n/


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Assimilation of voice

Final voiced consonants have no voicing

when followed by initial voiceless

consonants.

Eg. /v/ in have/f/ in have to

/z/ in has/s/ in has to


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Elision

Definition

Types of elision


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Elision

Definition: elision is the leaving

out / disappearance of sounds or

sounds in rapid speech.


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Types of elision

Disappearance of consonant Disappearance of vowel


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Disappearance of consonant

Disappearance of final /t/ in the cluster/st/

before an initial stop, nasal or fricative

eg. best dish : /t/ disappearsbest friend : /t/ disappears

first night : /t/ in first disappears

west side : /t/ disappears


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Disappearance of final /d/ in cluster /md/ or

/nd/ before an initial weak stop or nasaleg. Blind man : /d/ disappears

It seemed good : /d/ in seemed disappears


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Avoidance of complex consonant clusters:

+ In clusters with 3 plosives or 2 plosive + 1

fricative, the middle plosives disappears

Eg. Acts : /t/ disappearslooked back : /t/ disappears

+ final consonant cluster of a word

disappears if it is identical to initial clusterof the following.

Eg. Next street : /st/ in /nekst/ disappears


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Disappearance of /v/ in of before

consonants:Eg. Full of children : /v/ in of disappears

waste of money : /v/ in of disappears


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Disappearance of vowel

Disappearance of weak vowel after /p,t,k/:Eg. Potato : // disappears

today : // disappears


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Linking

Linking identical consonants

Eg. This side : identical /s/

bad day : identical /d/

Linking /r/ before initial vowels

Eg. Here are four eggs

/r/ in here and four pronounced

Intrusive /r/

eg. Law and order: /r/ pronounced after

law

aspects of connected speech 968

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