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AUTOMATIC TRASH COMPRESSOR

(AUCOTRABOT)

NUR AIN WAHIDA BINTI ISMAIL

NOORAINI BINTI MOKHTAR

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA MERBOK

JANUARY 2016


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Acknowledgement

Thanks to god, with his blessing, this project has been done successfully although we had gonethrough miscellaneous of challenges to finish this project.

We would like to thank to our lecture Puan Norbayah binti Yusop for her dedication and support.Who contributed with insights that reflects her experience in doing research from which we gaina lot . She had given us a lot of advice about this project.

Thanks a lot to our project Advisor, Miss Siti Nazirah binti Abu Bakar. We will not able to finishthis project without her consistence guidance. She also helped us in clarifying the abstruse concept,requiring knowledge and perception and understanding the objective of our work.

We highly indebted to our teachers for their continues support, supervision motivation andguidance throughout the tenure of our project in spite of their hectie schedule who truly remaineddriving spirit in our project. Their experience gave us the light in handling research project. Weare very grateful and a lot of contribution and a lot instruction to them we finish this project with

success. Our project had been progressing smoothly.I would also like to thank our parents and friends who helped us a lot in finalizing this projectwithin the limited time frame. We all appreciate everything that they had tough us and advice.Lastly, only God can repay their good deed.


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AUTOMATIC TRASH COMPRESSOR (AUTRACOM)

Nur Ain Wahida binti Ismail Nooraini binti Mokhtar

Maktab Rendah Sains MARA Merbok, Kedah.

Previously, people are manually compress the rubbish once full in dustbin. This project is comeout to help reduce people effort to do that. An Automatic Compress Trash Robot (AUTRACOM)

is develop to solve the problem.The main objectives of this project is to construct, develop and test the functionality ofAUTRACOM. The software that involved to design the robot is using Lego Digital Designer.The method that used in this project to construct and ensure the operational of the robot is usingLego Mindstorms and EV3 programmer.

The infrared sensor are used to detect the level of the rubbish. Once the rubbish had reach oncertain level, it will compress the rubbish and when the rubbish is fully full and cannot becompressed anymore, it will produce an alarm to inform the user.

In conclusion, this robot can save people’s energy and time. Moreover, it also can save oursurroundings by prevent from pest and unpleasant smells. This project are using solar energy sothat it is environmental friendly. This project is successfully implemented and can be used forwider application.

CATEGORY: COMPUTER SCIENCE


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CONTENT

TOPIC PAGE

Acknowledgement i

Abstract ii

Content iii

Chapter 1: Introduction5

Chapter 2: Literature review9

Chapter 3: Methodology12

Chapter 4: Results and Discussion15

Chapter 5:Conclusions and Recommendations18

References 20

Appendixes 21


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CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION


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1.1 Background

Public place such like night market, mart, school and playground dumped by a lot ofrubbish dumped everywhere. It is still valid even though there is many bins have been

placed. This is because the trash was already too full and cannot be filled with rubbishanymore. This will cause unpleasant smells that attract pests such as rats, flies,mosquitoes and cockroaches. Consequently, it will bring negative effects to our health ofharmful diseases such as dengue fever, food poisoning and breathing difficulty.

This problem can be prevented by creating bins that can help people to compress the trash.Hereby, people do not need to use their effort to compress the rubbish. This will save theirtime to do other work. Once the bins are too full and cannot be filled anymore, notificationswill be sent to waste management council so they can pick the garbage for disposal.Furthermore, fans littering will also be reduced.

1.2 Problem Statement

When people want to fill the dustbin with more rubbish they need to compress the rubbish by themselves. It required their energy and time to compress the rubbish. Moreover, some people throw rubbish outside of the dustbin because they are too lazy to compress therubbish. The aim of our project are to replace human’s w ork and reduce fans littering.

1.3 Objective

The objective of this project is to:

1. Design and construct the AUTRACOM2. Develop and programming the project to ensure the operational of the robot3. Test the functionality of the AUTRACOM


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1.4 Scope of Study

This study focusses on programming the project by using EV3 programmer. The functionof the EV3 is to set the movement of the project and make the project works. EV3 is easier

to use because the use of NXT is more complicated and elusive. Secondly, we use LegoDigital Designer to design the AUTRACOM. It is because it is easy for us to construct byusing LEGO Digital Designer than the other apps. Lastly, we also focus on the use ofsensor. We use infrared sensor to detect the level of the rubbish in the dustbin. The functionof the infrared sensor is to measure distance from the project to the rubbish. Infrared sensoris very important because it will it will alert AUTRACOM to act by moving the motor tocompress the rubbish. Next, we also use the light sensor to identify and classify themaccording to the colours of garbage. Each colour representing a material executes. Lightsensor are used to detect the colour of an object, measure reflected light, or measureambient light so we think this is the best to use for our project.

However, this is only first step, more research can be done to make sure that the user issatisfied with the project.


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CHAPTER 2:LITERATURE

REVIEW


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2.1 Automatic Compressor

The Automatic Compressor is a machine added by Greg Tech that is an upgrade to thenormal IndustrialCraft2 Compressor. It serves the same function, but has a slightly different

method of operation. It has two each of input and output slots and also has two extra buttonsin the bottom-left corner of its GUI. Also note that it cannot receive power from its frontface, as is the case with all of the other automatic machines. Therefore, cable should behooked up to any of its other faces.

The left button with a blue lightning-bolt icon is a button that, when activated, allows forthe machine to transfer power to other adjacent machines which need it once it has used allthe power it needs from the packets it receives. The right button with an orange and blackicon is a button that, when activated, makes it so that all products of whatever operationthe machine is currently carrying out be deposited into an inventory on the back face of themachine. This button will not make the machine eject items onto the ground or intoPneumatic Tubes or into Pipes of any sort.

As with upgrading other IndustrialCraft2 machines into their automatic variants, all that isnecessary is to combine a Conveyor Module with a Compressor in a crafting grid in no

particular shape. As with their non-upgraded variants, automatic IC2 machines can handlevoltages of up to and including 32 EU/p, and will explode if given anything greater.

Diagram 2.1 Trash Compressor


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2.2 Compressor

According to the dictionary, compressor means one that compresses, especially:

a. A pump or other machine that increases the pressure of a gas.

b. An instrument or device that compresses, such as a forceps or clamp.

c. A muscle that causes compression of a body part.


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2.1 The use of sensor

In the broadest definition, a sensor is an object whose purpose is to detect events or changesin its environment, and then provide a corresponding output. A sensor is a type oftransducer; sensors may provide various types of output, but typically use electrical oroptical signals. For example, a thermocouple generates a known voltage (the output) inresponse to its temperature (the environment). A mercury-in-glass thermometer, similarly,converts measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid, which can beread on a calibrated glass tube.

Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactilesensor) and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base, besides innumerableapplications of which most people are never aware. With advances in micro machinery andeasy-to-use micro controller platforms, the uses of sensors have expanded beyond the mosttraditional fields of temperature, pressure or flow measurement,[1] for example intoMARG sensors. Moreover, analogue sensors such as potentiometers and force-sensing

resistors are still widely used. Applications include manufacturing and machinery,airplanes and aerospace, cars, medicine, and robotics.it is also included in our day-to-daylife.

A sensor's sensitivity indicates how much the sensor's output changes when the inputquantity being measured changes. For instance, if the mercury in a thermometer moves 1cm when the temperature changes by 1 °C, the sensitivity is 1 cm/°C (it is basically theslope Dy/Dx assuming a linear characteristic). Some sensors can also have an impact onwhat they measure; for instance, a room temperature thermometer inserted into a hot cupof liquid cools the liquid while the liquid heats the thermometer. Sensors need to bedesigned to have a small effect on what is measured; making the sensor smaller oftenimproves this and may introduce other advantages.[citation needed] Technological

progress allows more and more sensors to be manufactured on a microscopic scale as microsensors using MEMS technology. In most cases, a micro sensor reaches a significantlyhigher speed and sensitivity compared with macroscopic approaches.


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Criteria to choose a sensor:

There are certain features which have to be considered when we choose a sensor. They areas given below:

1. Accuracy

2. Environmental condition - usually has limits for temperature/ humidity

3. Range - Measurement limit of sensor

4. Calibration - Essential for most of the measuring devices as the readings changes with

time5. Resolution - Smallest increment detected by the sensor

6. Cost

7. Repeatability - The reading that varies is repeatedly measured under the sameenvironment


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Classification of Sensors

The sensors are classified into the following criteria:

1. Primary Input quantity (Measurand)

2. Transduction principles (Using physical and chemical effects)

3. Material and Technology

4. Property

5. Application

Sensors can be classified based on power or energy supply requirement of the sensors:

· Active Sensor - Sensors that require power supply are called as Active Sensors.Example: LiDAR (Light detection and ranging), photoconductive cell.

· Passive Sensor - Sensors that do not require power supply are called as PassiveSensors. Example: Radiometers, film photography

Hereby, this AUTRACOM project are active sensor because it require power supply.

There are many types of sensor such as light sensor, heat sensor, sound sensor, touch sensorand also temperature sensor.

Although that, this project are using infrared sensor as it sensor to measure the distance between the rubbish and the compressor.

2.2 Infrared sensor

We have already discussed how a light sensor works. IR Sensors work by using a specificlight sensor to detect a select light wavelength in the Infra-Red (IR) spectrum. By using anLED which produces light at the same wavelength as what the sensor is looking for, youcan look at the intensity of the received light. When an object is close to the sensor, thelight from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results in a large

jump in the intensity, which we already know can be detected using a threshold.


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In this AUTRACOM project, this infrared sensor is used to measure the distance from thecompressor to the trash. When the presence of rubbish, infrared light exposed to the wasteand then reflected. The sensor detect the reflected light and measure the distance. Whenthe distance reach at certain level, the compressor will compress the rubbish.


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Infrared sensors have several advantages. They can receive infrared light that is irradiatedfrom both living and non-living objects. This is essential for many of the applications thatinfrared detectors are used for. In fact, infrared detectors can detect infrared light from fardistances over a large area, much like the human eye is capable of detecting visible light.Infrared detectors operate in real-time and detect movement, making them ideal for

security purposes. Likewise, infrared detectors help humans see what other devices do notallow them to see, such as leaks in underground pipes.

Infrared sensors have several advantages. They can receive infrared light that is irradiatedfrom both living and non-living objects. This is essential for many of the applications thatinfrared detectors are used for. In fact, infrared detectors can detect infrared light from fardistances over a large area, much like the human eye is capable of detecting visible light.Infrared detectors operate in real-time and detect movement, making them ideal forsecurity purposes. Likewise, infrared detectors help humans see what other devices do notallow them to see, such as leaks in underground pipes.

Although infrared sensors have many advantages, they also have several disadvantages.They are incapable of distinguishing between objects that irradiate similar thermal energylevels. Infrared detectors are also rather expensive, so they are not as widely used as theycould be.

Other applications

Infrared sensors are used in a wide variety of applications and can be used in anysituation that requires thermal energy detection. Infrared detectors are most commonlyused in conjunction with an infrared emitter in order to transfer infrared light. Thisinvolves data transfer through a narrow beam of infrared light that is invisible to thehuman eye. For example, television remotes emit infrared light in order to changechannels and the television itself has a built- in infrared detector to receive the remote’ssignals. Infrared sensors are also used as motion detectors in order to open doors, trackobjects, or activate specific systems based on the thermal energy that is irradiated from

people, animals, and moving objects. They are also used in night-vision applications,laser range finding, and heat-seeking missiles.


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CHAPTER 3:METHODOLOGY


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3.1 Materials

EV3 Lego Mindstorms

Mounting board

Hot glue stick

Used box

3.2 Apparatus

Hot glue gun

Scissor

Penknife

Procedure:1. Built a compressor by using Lego Mindstorms2. Program the EV3 programmer.3. Built a trash by using mounting board4. Place the compactor in the trash.5. Test the functionality of the project.


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4.1 RESULTS

Figure 4.2 Programming start of the project

Diagram 4.1 shows the initial phase of the movement of the robot. Firstly, the 'enter' keymust be pressed to start the program. When the start button is pressed, the waste can befilled. The screen will display "Waiting load" which means waiting for the garbage to befilled. Ultrasonic sensors will play a role in calculating the level of waste.


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Figure 4.2 Programming of calculating load

When garbage reaches a certain extent, the screen will display "calculating load" whichmeans calculating the amount of garbage in the trash bin by calculating the height of thewaste. If the waste still not reached the maximum level yet, AUTRACOM will remainsilent and wait for the rubbish be filled. Hereby, if the waste has reached the point ofmaximum compressor automatically will compress the waste.


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Figure 4.4 Programing of the alarm to inform the user

Diagram 4.3 shows that when the waste has reached the maximum level and cannot becompressed alarm will be generated to inform the user. After that, we need to press “start”

button again to activate the progress.


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5.1 Conclusion

As the conclusion, the use of automatic trash compressor to compress the rubbish issuccessfully done. From the observation the result shows that the rubbish can becompressed by the compressor. With this project, problems of littering could be reduced.The presence of pests will also be reduced. As a result, the problem of life-threateningdiseases can be prevented. People can live with a clean environment and fresh air. Peoplecan save their time from compressing the rubbish by themselves.

From this project, we have learned that when we fill a bigger waste in the trash, stronger pressure required to compress the waste. So in this project, we need to use more powerfulcompressor and durable to prevent trash damaged when received large waste. In addition,the compressor speed also plays a role for compressing waste. The faster the movement of

the compressor, the stronger impact on the waste. At first, we use the low speed compressorcausing waste cannot be compressed very well. Later, we added the speed of thecompressor and the waste can be compressed with better than ever.

Therefore, it is clear that the resistance and movement speed of the compressor play animportant role for compressing waste properly. Overall, it is true that this project can beused to compress the rubbish but depends on the speed of the compressor and compressordurability to compress the rubbish.


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5.2 Recommendation

There are several factors that cause waste is not compressed. The first, the compressor isnot strong enough to withstand the pressure caused the bins were damaged. At first we justused cardboard to compress the compress waste. The compressor could not withstand the

power of the trash bins cause it to lose balance and fall. This is not good as it should bestrong and balanced. Later, we employ the card even harder to compress waste and itworked. In our opinion, in the future it will be more powerful compressor that uses a strongPVC, rubber or string to absorb when the load is too strong.

Furthermore, in conducting research, we found that the water from the rest of the trash can produce electricity. Therefore we are planning for the future is to collect waste water fromthe trash and used to generate electricity. Microbial fuel cells use inorganic mediators to

tap into the electron transport chain of cells and channel electrons produced. The mediatorcrosses the outer cell lipid membranes and bacterial outer membrane. Then, it begins toliberate electrons from the electron transport chain that normally would be taken up byoxygen or other intermediates.

In addition, we can also produce biogas. Biogas is a gas that is produced from organicmatter. It is created by being broken down biologically to create electricity. It is acommonly used form of renewable energy, mainly used in domestic and industrial spheres.Biogas is a blend of carbon dioxide and methane, and it’s created by plant as well as animal

waste. In the home, biogas is mainly used for cooking. It creates less pollution thantraditional cooking gas.

Besides that, since the project is only a prototype, in the future we will use solar panel inthe prototype instead of batteries. Solar panel is renewable energy and not pollute theenvironment, so it can save energy and environment. It also can be used for a long time.


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REFERENCES


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References

1. http://www.ecopedia.com/how-to/using-garbage-to-create-electricity/2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_fuel_cell3. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/automatic4. http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/waste-to-energy.php5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_compressor6. http://www.lego.com/en-us/mindstorms/learn-to-program7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_infrared_sensor8. http://www.stemhq.org/infrared-sensor9. https://www.edgefx.in/different-types-of-sensors-with-applications/10. http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/en/hatoyama/experience/rm_kiso/mecha_sensortype_e.html

http://www.ecopedia.com/how-to/using-garbage-to-create-electricity/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_fuel_cellhttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/automatichttp://www.conserve-energy-future.com/waste-to-energy.phphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_compressorhttp://www.lego.com/en-us/mindstorms/learn-to-programhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_infrared_sensorhttp://www.stemhq.org/infrared-sensorhttps://www.edgefx.in/different-types-of-sensors-with-applications/http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/en/hatoyama/experience/rm_kiso/mecha_sensortype_e.htmlhttp://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/en/hatoyama/experience/rm_kiso/mecha_sensortype_e.htmlhttp://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/en/hatoyama/experience/rm_kiso/mecha_sensortype_e.htmlhttps://www.edgefx.in/different-types-of-sensors-with-applications/http://www.stemhq.org/infrared-sensorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_infrared_sensorhttp://www.lego.com/en-us/mindstorms/learn-to-programhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_compressorhttp://www.conserve-energy-future.com/waste-to-energy.phphttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/automatichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_fuel_cellhttp://www.ecopedia.com/how-to/using-garbage-to-create-electricity/


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APPENDIXES


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