HE

RR

SC

HE

N U

ND

V

ER

WA

LT

EN

Der

Allt

ag d

er r

omis

chen

Adm

inis

trat

ion

in d

er H

ohen

Kai

sem

eit

Her

ausg

egeb

en v

on

RU

DO

LF

HA

EN

SC

H

und

JOH

AN

NE

S H

EIN

RIC

HS

-Son

derd

ruck

- Im

Buc

hhan

del n

icht

erh

altli

ch

20

07

BO

HL

AU

VE

RL

AG

KO

LN

WE

IMA

R W

IEN

Aut

hor,

Aud

ienc

e an

d t

he

Ro

man

Em

pire

in

the

Ant

onin

e It

iner

ary

25

7

Aut

hor,

Aud

ienc

e an

d th

e R

oman

Em

pire

in

the

Ant

onin

e It

iner

ary

From

the

Mid

dle

Age

s on

war

ds, t

he a

nony

mou

s co

llect

ion

mis

nam

ed th

e A

n-

toni

ne It

iner

ary

(Im

pera

tori

s Ant

onin

i Aug

usti

Itin

erar

ia d

uo, P

rovi

ncia

rum

et

Mar

ltim

um) h

as c

onsi

sten

tly a

ttra

cted

att

enti

on. T

his

cont

ribu

tion1

foc

uses

on

its

subs

tant

ial l

and

part

(1,l

- 4

86,1

7), w

hich

com

pris

es 7

5 d

oubl

e-co

lum

ned

page

s in

the

stan

dard

192

9 T

eubn

er e

ditio

n by

Ott

o ~

un

tz.~

It

was

eag

erly

ex-

pl

oite

d by

the

mak

er o

f th

e H

eref

ord

Map

, fo

r ex

ampl

e? a

s w

ell

as b

y ot

her

med

ieva

l and

Ren

aiss

ance

car

togr

aphe

rs$

and

it s

urvi

ves i

n as

man

y as

fift

y or

so

ma

nu

s~ri

~ts

.~

Tod

ay,

as e

ver,

it

rem

ains

im

port

ant

to s

chol

ars

with

an

in-

tere

st i

n R

oman

tra

vel,

cont

rol

of s

pace

, and

rel

ated

the

mes

6 It

see

ms

fair

to

cla

im th

at,

afte

r lo

ng d

ebat

e, b

road

con

sens

us h

as b

y no

w

been

rea

ched

abo

ut c

erta

in b

asic

fea

ture

s of

the

col

lect

ion -

in p

arti

cula

r, t

hat

it a

ssem

bles

ind

ivid

ual

itine

rari

es o

f di

stin

ctly

var

ied

char

acte

r an

d pe

rhap

s ev

en d

ate;

tha

t it

was

com

pile

d ar

ound

A.D

. 30

0; a

nd t

hat

desp

ite t

he t

radi

- ti

onal

title

ther

e is

no

secu

re c

onne

ctio

n to

trav

el b

y em

pero

rs. A

ll th

ese

poin

ts

I ap

prec

iate

the

com

men

ts o

ffer

ed d

urin

g di

scus

sion

in K

61n

follo

win

g de

liver

y of

the

pap

er.

For

listin

g of

the

pla

cena

mes

(wit

h et

ymol

ogic

al a

naly

sis

of C

eltic

nam

e-el

emen

ts),

not

e no

w

G.R

. IS

AA

C, The

Ant

onin

e It

iner

ary

Lan

d R

oute

s (C

D-R

OM

, Abe

ryst

wyt

h, 2

002)

, a w

ork

also

app

ende

d to

ID., Pl

ace-

Nam

es in

Pto

lem

y's

Geo

grap

hy (C

D-R

OM

, Abe

ryst

wyt

h, 2

004)

. T

here

is n

o kn

owin

g w

heth

er o

r no

t th

e la

nd a

nd m

uch

shor

ter

sea

(487

,l - 5

29,6

) pa

rts

wer

e as

sem

bled

by

the

sam

e in

divi

dual

. For

dis

cuss

ion

of t

he la

tter

par

t, se

e B.

SA

LW

AY

, "S

ea

and

rive

r tr

avel

in t

he R

oman

itin

erar

y li

tera

ture

," i

n R

. TA

LB

ER

T

and

K. B

RO

DE

RS

EN

(e

ds.)

, Sp

ace

in th

e R

oman

Wor

ld:

its P

erce

ptio

n an

d P

rese

ntat

ion

(Mii

nste

r, 2

004)

, 43-

96 a

t 68-

85.

See

S.D

. WE

ST

RE

M, The

Her

efor

d M

ap:

a T

rans

crip

tion

and

Tra

nsla

tion

of

the

Leg

ends

with

C

omm

enta

ry (

Tur

nhou

t, 20

01),

xxi

x-xx

x, 4

29-3

1.

Nic

hola

s of

C

usa

(140

1-14

64),

for

exa

mpl

e. S

ee J

.B.

FR

IED

MA

N

and

K.M

. FI

GG

(eds

.),

Tra

de,

Tra

vel,

and

Exp

lora

tion

in t

he M

iddl

e A

ges:

an

Enc

yclo

pedi

a (N

ew Y

ork

and

Lon

- do

n, 2

000)

, S.V

.

See

R.

HE

RZ

OG

(ed.

), R

esta

urat

ion

und

Ern

euer

ung.

Die

lat

eini

sche

Lit

erat

ur v

on 2

84 b

is

374

n. C

hr. (

Han

dbuc

h de

r L

atei

nisc

hen

Lit

erat

ur d

er A

ntik

e, M

unic

h, 1

989)

, 94-

97 =

Res

- ta

urat

ion

et r

enou

veau

: la

lit

tkra

ture

latin

e de

284

ri 3

74 a

pris

1.-

C. (

Tur

nhou

t, 19

93),

105

- 10

8. T

he e

arlie

st m

anus

crip

t dat

es t

o th

e se

vent

h ce

ntur

y, t

he f

irst

of

man

y pr

inte

d ed

itio

ns

to 1

512

(Par

is):

for

a re

view

of

thes

e ed

ition

s, s

ee F

. C

AB

RO

L

and

H.

LE

CL

ER

CQ

(e

ds.)

, Dic

- ti

onm

ire

d' ar

chko

logi

e ch

rktie

nne

et d

e li

turg

ie W

(P

aris

, 192

7), S

.V.

Itin

Cra

ires

, col

s. 1

858-

62

. Se

vera

l asp

ects

are

now

add

ress

ed b

y B.

L~

HB

ER

G,

Das

"It

iner

ariu

m p

rovi

ncia

rum

Ant

onin

i A

ugus

ti":

Ein

kai

serz

eitli

ches

Str

aBen

verz

eich

nis

des

rijm

isch

en R

eich

es -

Ube

rlie

feru

ng,

Stre

cken

, Kom

men

tare

, Kar

ten

(2 v

ols.

, Ber

lin, 2

006)

.

have

bee

n co

nvin

cing

ly e

stab

lishe

d by

Pas

cal ~

rn

au

d~

an

d o

theq

8 an

d I

have

no

wis

h to

dis

pute

them

, no

r in

deed

to

den

y th

e ou

tsta

ndin

g va

lue

of t

he c

ol-

lect

ion

from

man

y pe

rspe

ctiv

es.

Thi

s sa

id, i

n m

y vi

ew th

ere

are

furt

her f

unda

men

tal q

uest

ions

rela

ting

to th

e co

llect

ion

whi

ch s

eem

to

hav

e be

en e

xplo

red

muc

h le

ss, i

f at

all.

The

att

empt

th

at f

ollo

ws

may

ser

ve to

sha

rpen

our

insi

ght

into

the

day-

to-d

ay f

unct

ioni

ng

and

adm

inis

trat

ion

of t

he R

oman

em

pire

. A

s w

ith

my

ongo

ing

stud

y of

the

Pe

utin

ger

~a

~,

~

my

appr

oach

her

e to

the

Ant

onin

e It

iner

ary

cons

ciou

sly

di-

verg

es f

rom

the

prev

ailin

g fa

shio

n, w

hich

is to

trea

t the

col

lect

ion

as li

ttle

mor

e th

an a

wor

k of

ref

eren

ce f

or is

sues

of

a ve

ry f

ocus

ed, s

peci

fic

type

, suc

h as

the

form

of

a pl

acen

ame,

or

the

dist

ance

giv

en b

etw

een

two

poin

ts,

or th

e ch

oice

of

rou

te f

ollo

wed

. M

y pr

esen

t co

ncer

n is

not

so

muc

h to

exa

min

e in

divi

dual

com

pone

nts

of

the

colle

ctio

n, b

ut m

ore

to re

flec

t upo

n th

e w

ork

as a

who

le. W

hat

can

be d

e-

term

ined

, if

anyt

hing

, abo

ut th

e lik

ely

stat

us o

f it

s au

thor

or

'com

pile

r'? W

here

an

d ho

w d

id 'h

e' f

ind

his

mat

eria

l? T

o w

hat e

xten

t did

he

edit

it?

Who

did

he

envi

sage

as

his

audi

ence

- fo

r ex

tend

ed r

eadi

ng,

or f

or re

fere

nce,

or

even

bot

h -

assu

min

g th

at h

e di

d in

tend

the

col

lect

ion

to g

o in

to c

ircu

lati

on?

Wha

t m

o-

tivat

ed h

im t

o m

ake

the

colle

ctio

n, w

hat

need

s di

d he

see

it a

s fu

lfill

ing?

Was

hi

s id

ea o

f m

akin

g it

an

exc

epti

onal

pie

ce o

f cr

eativ

ity (

it is

, aft

er a

ll, a

uni

que

surv

ival

), o

r ar

e w

e to

imag

ine

that

col

lect

ions

of

this

bro

ad t

ype

wer

e co

m-

mon

plac

e? I

n ad

diti

on, w

hat

unde

rlyi

ng g

rasp

of

geog

raph

y ca

n th

e co

mpi

ler

be r

ecko

ned

to p

osse

ss?

Any

ans

wer

s w

hich

may

be

form

ulat

ed t

o th

ese

taxi

ng q

uest

ions

mus

t by

de

fini

tion

depe

nd u

pon

a cl

ose

read

ing

of t

he e

ntir

e co

llect

ion;

this

is it

self

no

lig

ht ta

sk. I

nval

uabl

e ai

ds f

or th

e pu

rpos

e ar

e C

untz

's i

ndex

and

his

ske

tch

map

of

all

the

rout

es i

n th

e co

llect

ion,

tog

ethe

r w

ith

the

rele

vant

map

s in

the

Bar

- ri

ngto

n ~

t1as

.l' I

t is

onl

y ri

ght

to a

ssum

e, h

owev

er,

that

no

such

aid

s w

ere

avai

labl

e in

ant

iqui

ty; h

ence

any

inte

rpre

tati

on u

ndul

y in

flue

nced

by

the

adde

d in

sigh

t whi

ch t

hese

mod

ern

tool

s m

ay c

ontr

ibut

e is

to

be

trea

ted

wit

h ca

utio

n.

In p

arti

cula

r, it

sho

uld

be s

tres

sed

that

Cun

tz's

ske

tch

map

- fo

r al

l its

intr

insi

c

"L'

Itin

krai

re d

3Ant

onin

: un

tho

in d

e la

Iitt

Cra

ture

iti

nira

ire

du B

as-E

mpi

re,"

Geo

grap

hia

Ant

igua

2,1

993,

33-4

7.

Not

e es

peci

ally

M.

CA

LZ

OL

AR

I,

Intr

oduz

ione

a11

0 S

tudi

o de

lla R

ete

Str

adal

e de

ll'

Ital

ia

Rom

ana:

L'

Itin

erar

ium

Ant

onin

i, A

tti

della

Acc

adem

ia N

azio

nale

dei

Lin

cei (

Cla

sse

di S

ci-

enze

Mor

ali,

Sto

rich

e e F

ilolo

gich

e) M

emor

ie S

er. IX

vol.

VII

fasc

. 4,1

996,

369-

520

(off

erin

g m

uch

anal

ysis

not

con

fine

d to

Ita

ly in

fac

t); m

ore

brie

fly,

B.,

SA

LW

AY

, "T

rave

l, it

iner

aria

and

'

tabe

llari

a,"

in C

. A

DA

MS

and

R.

LA

UR

EN

CE

(e

ds.)

, Tra

vel

and

Geo

grap

hy i

n th

e R

oman

E

mpi

re 2

2-66

(L

ondo

n an

d N

ew Y

ork,

200

1) a

t 23-

25,3

9-43

. Se

e es

peci

ally

my

"Car

togr

aphy

and

tas

te i

n Pe

utin

ger's

Rom

an m

ap,"

in

TA

LB

ER

T

and

BR

OD

ER

SE

N,

op. c

it. i

n n.

2 a

bove

, 113

-41.

lo

R

. TA

LB

ER

T

(ed.

), B

arri

ngto

n A

tlas

of th

e G

reek

and

Rom

an W

orld

(Pri

ncet

on a

nd O

xfor

d,

2000

) [=

BA

tlas]

. L

OH

BE

RG

'S

diss

erta

tion

(se

e ab

ove,

n.

6) p

lots

the

rout

es o

f th

e A

nton

ine

Itin

erar

y on

to b

ase

map

s fr

om th

is a

tlas

.

25'.

R. J

. A.

Tal

ber

t

mer

its - c

reat

es a

mos

t mis

lead

ing

dist

illat

ion

of w

hat

is t

o be

gai

ned

from

the

w

ork

as a

who

le, i

nsof

ar a

s th

is m

ap b

y its

ver

y na

ture

fur

nish

es th

e cl

ear s

yn-

thes

is th

at is

em

phat

ical

ly a

bsen

t fr

om th

e w

ritt

en te

xt.''

No

mod

ern

read

er c

an f

ail t

o be

str

uck

by th

e un

ifor

m a

uste

rity

wit

h w

hich

ea

ch in

divi

dual

itin

erar

y in

the

col

lect

ion

is p

rese

nted

. The

fou

r in

disp

ensa

ble

com

pone

nts

are

a st

atem

ent o

f th

e st

arti

ng- a

nd e

nd-p

oint

s an

d a

figu

re fo

r th

e to

tal

dist

ance

bet

wee

n th

em,

follo

wed

by

a lis

ting

of s

ucce

ssiv

e in

term

edia

te

poin

ts a

ccom

pani

ed b

y th

e di

stan

ce b

etw

een

each

. Kno

wle

dge

of d

ista

nce

is e

s-

sent

ial,

ther

efor

e; i

n pr

inci

ple,

if t

he d

ista

nce

to o

r fr

om a

pla

ce c

anno

t be

as-

ce

rtai

ned,

the

n th

e pl

ace

cann

ot b

e lis

ted:

12 T

his

is a

n es

tabl

ishe

d pa

tter

n fo

r iti

nera

ries

13 th

at d

ates

bac

k to

the

firs

t cen

tury

A.D

. at

leas

t, w

hen

we

find

it

in th

e S

tath

moi

Par

thik

oi b

y Is

idor

e of

cha

rax,

14 fo

r exa

mpl

e, o

n th

e V

icar

ello

an

d on

the

Cla

udia

n St

adia

smus

fro

m I

?ata

ra.1

6 It

wou

ld a

ppea

r th

at

the

com

pile

r of

the

Ant

onin

e It

iner

ary

had

neith

er th

e m

otiv

e, n

or p

erha

ps th

e ca

paci

ty, t

o c

hang

e th

e pa

tter

n or

to e

xpan

d it

. In

cons

eque

nce,

he

supp

lem

ents

th

e ra

w d

ata

with

at m

ost a

n oc

casi

onal

, ste

reot

yped

exp

lana

tion

or

fore

war

n-

ing.

Thu

s w

hen

he i

nclu

des

two

or m

ore

alte

rnat

ive

rout

es b

etw

een

a pa

ir o

f po

ints

, th

ey m

ay b

e va

riou

sly

labe

led

rect

o iti

nere

,17

per

conp

endi

um (

'by

sh

ort

c~

t~),

~~

"a

lio i

tiner

e a.

...,"

19

per

ri~

am

,~'

per

mar

itim

a lo

~a

,~'

per

med

i-

Thi

s lim

itatio

n is

dis

cuss

ed f

urth

er b

elow

. T

his

is n

ot to

cla

im, o

f cou

rse,

tha

t eac

h di

stan

ce fi

gure

was

nec

essa

rily

acc

urat

e, e

ven

befo

re

copy

ists

' slip

s w

ere

intr

oduc

ed.

The

com

bine

d po

int-

to-p

oint

dis

tanc

e fi

gure

s in

eac

h iti

ner-

ar

y w

ould

, how

ever

, nee

d to

mat

ch th

e to

tal

figu

re th

at is

alw

ays

offe

red

in a

ddit

ion.

To

this

ex

tent

, di

stan

ce f

igur

es w

ere

of g

reat

er c

once

rn t

o t

he c

ompi

ler

of t

he A

nton

ine

Itin

erar

y th

an t

hey

wer

e to

the

mak

er o

f th

e Pe

utin

ger

Map

, be

caus

e th

e m

ap o

ffer

s no

tot

al f

igur

es,

and

for

the

mos

t par

t do

es n

ot la

y ou

t pla

ces

in r

elat

ion

to th

e di

stan

ce b

etw

een

them

on

the

grou

nd.

It is

just

con

ceiv

able

, the

refo

re,

that

som

e of

the

rou

te s

tret

ches

wit

hout

a d

ista

nce

figu

re o

n ou

r co

py o

f th

e m

ap - V

adis

Vol

ater

is t

o A

quas

Vol

ater

nas,

for

exa

mpl

e (3

B2)

-

refl

ect,

not

a co

pyis

t's s

lip, b

ut t

he l

ack

of a

ny f

igur

e ev

en o

n th

e or

igin

al;

stri

ctly

spe

akin

g,

com

plet

ion

of t

he m

ap a

s w

e ha

ve it

was

not

dep

ende

nt u

pon

the

incl

usio

n of

the

se f

igur

es.

Not

e Pl

iny

the

Eld

er's

com

plai

nt:

"One

sicr

iti

et N

earc

hi n

avig

atio

nec

nom

ina

habe

t m

an-

sion

um n

ec s

pati

a" (

NH

6.96

). JA

CO

BY

, FG

rH 7

81.

CIL

XI.

3281

-84

wit

h J.

M.

RO

LD

AN

HE

RV

AS,

Itin

erar

ia H

ispa

na (

Uni

vers

ities

of

Val

lado

lid

and

Gra

nada

, 19

75), c

hap.

VI.

See

now

S. $

AH

IN an

d M

. A

DA

K, "S

tadi

asm

us P

atar

ensi

s -

Ein

zw

eite

r V

orbe

rich

t iib

er d

as

clau

disc

he S

tras

senb

aupr

ogra

mm

in L

ykie

n,"

in R

. FR

EI-

STO

LB

A

(ed.

), S

iedl

ung

und

Ver

kehr

irn

Rom

isch

en R

eich

(B

ern,

2004

), 227

-62.

The

abs

ence

of

dist

ance

fig

ures

to a

ccom

pany

the

ro

utes

lis

ted

on th

e da

mag

ed i

nscr

iptio

n of

unc

erta

in d

ate

from

Jun

glin

ster

is

nota

ble

(CIL

X

VII.

2. 67

6).

-,

For

exam

ple,

106

'5. F

or t

his,

and

the

usa

ges

imm

edia

tely

fol

low

ing,

CA

LZ

OL

AR

I,

op.

cit.

in

n. 8

, 393

-94

offe

rs a

ful

l lis

ting.

Fo

r ex

ampl

e, 8

2,8-

9.

For

exam

ple,

419

,7; c

f. "A

liter

a R

oma

Cos

a" (

300,

l).

For

exam

ple,

207

,lO.

For

exam

ple,

90,

6.

Au

tho

r, A

udie

nce

and

th

e R

om

an E

mp

ire

in t

he

An

ton

ine

Itin

erar

y 25

9

terr

anea

10c

a:~

or e

ven

per

Eve

n so

, for

trav

eler

s se

ekin

g to

wei

gh

the

cons

eque

nces

of

choo

sing

, sa

y, t

he c

onpe

ndiu

m - st

eepe

r sl

opes

, per

haps

, an

d ro

ughe

r su

rfac

es - n

o fu

rthe

r gu

idan

ce is

for

thco

min

g.24

Tha

t om

issi

on is

lia

ble

to b

e fe

lt ev

en m

ore

keen

ly i

n th

e fe

w i

nsta

nces

whe

re t

he c

ompi

ler

reco

rds

as m

any

as th

ree

or f

our

alte

rnat

ive

rout

es b

etw

een

a pa

ir o

f po

ints

;25

pros

pect

ive

trav

eler

s w

ill s

earc

h in

vai

n fo

r so

muc

h as

a w

ord

to e

xpla

in w

hy

they

sho

uld

even

con

side

r th

e le

ngth

ier

optio

ns. I

n br

ief,

the

mos

t obv

ious

ben

- ef

it to

be

deri

ved

from

ass

embl

ing

alte

rnat

ive

rout

es -

the

oppo

rtun

ity

to e

lab-

or

ate

upon

the

ir r

elat

ive

leng

ths

and

othe

r re

leva

nt c

hara

cter

istic

s -

is n

ever

ex

ploi

ted.

By

the

thi

rd c

entu

ry, i

f no

t lon

g be

fore

, the

re w

ere

freq

uent

sto

ppin

g-po

ints

es

tabl

ishe

d at

leas

t alo

ng th

e em

pire

's m

ain

rout

es; t

heir

pre

senc

e is

doc

umen

t-

ed m

ost

exte

nsiv

ely

in t

he m

etic

ulou

s re

cord

of

the

so-c

alle

d B

orde

aux

Pil-

gr

im's

lon

g jo

urne

ys i

n 33

3.26

The

mor

e m

odes

t st

oppi

ng-p

oint

s -

thos

e th

at

the

Pilg

rim

ter

ms

mut

atio

as

oppo

sed

to m

ansi

o - w

ere

not

perh

aps

prim

e ch

oice

s fo

r an

ove

rnig

ht s

tay,

but

his

rec

ord

show

s th

at i

n a

day'

s jo

urne

y of

20

to

25

mile

s tr

avel

ers

coul

d ex

pect

to

enc

ount

er o

ne,

ii n

ot t

wo.

In

gene

ral,

by c

ontr

ast,

the

se m

ore

mod

est

stop

ping

-poi

nts

are

nota

bly

abse

nt f

rom

the

A

nton

ine

Itin

erar

y co

llect

ion,

whe

re t

he s

tops

lis

ted

are

mor

e w

idel

y sp

aced

, ty

pica

lly 1

5 to

30

mile

s ap

art,

thu

s an

ent

ire

day'

s jo

urne

y.

Ho

w is

the

abse

nce

of t

he g

reat

er d

etai

l to

be u

nder

stoo

d? It

see

ms

impr

ob-

able

that

non

e of

the

indi

vidu

al it

iner

arie

s as

sem

bled

for

the

colle

ctio

n ev

er in

- cl

uded

mor

e m

odes

t st

oppi

ng-p

oint

s; a

nd t

he

com

pile

r of

an

y co

llect

ion

inte

nded

for

use

wou

ld s

urel

y w

ish

to r

etai

n su

ch d

etai

l in

the

inte

rest

s of

as-

si

stin

g hi

s au

dien

ce a

s fu

lly a

s po

ssib

le. T

he s

urpr

isin

g ab

senc

e of

thi

s de

tail

from

the

Ant

onin

e It

iner

ary

colle

ctio

n co

uld

sugg

est,

then

, tha

t it

was

del

iber

- at

ely

exci

sed

by t

he c

ompi

ler.

If

so, t

hat

is a

rem

arka

ble

piec

e of

int

erve

ntio

n,

for

no

dis

cern

ible

pur

pose

, by

som

eone

who

(as

we

shal

l see

) was

a f

ar f

rom

ac

tive

edit

or i

n ot

her

resp

ects

. He

can

hard

ly h

ave

been

str

ivin

g to

sav

e sp

ace

by t

his

mea

ns,

beca

use

he b

lata

ntly

was

tes

spac

e in

oth

er w

ays.

Nor

can

his

pu

rpos

e ha

ve b

een

to a

chie

ve u

nifo

rmity

of

pres

enta

tion

, whe

n in

oth

er o

bvi-

ou

s re

spec

ts u

nifo

rmit

y is

of

no c

once

rn t

o hi

m. T

he q

uest

ion

of h

is p

urpo

se i

n th

is r

egar

d is

bes

t se

t asi

de f

or n

ow, h

owev

er,

and

reop

ened

lat

er.

Inst

ead,

the

tw

o fe

atur

es ju

st i

ntro

duce

d -

was

ted

spac

e an

d la

ck o

f un

i-

form

ity - m

erit

clo

ser

atte

ntio

n. O

n a

ny e

xten

ded

read

ing,

bot

h le

ave

a la

stin

g

22

Uni

quel

y at

231

,8-9

. 23

' U

niqu

ely

at 2

58,2

. 24

N

ote

by c

ontr

ast

how

the

Sta

dias

mus

Pat

aren

sis

(see

n.

16

abo

ve) 3

0-31

reco

rds

alte

rnat

ive

rout

es f

rom

Oin

oand

a to

Bal

bour

a, o

ne 6

th T

OG ~

[~G

iou]

, th

e ot

her

6th

Sb T

~S

6p

~tvi

js.

2s

T

wo

exam

ples

: Se

bast

ia t

o C

ocus

o at

176

,3; 1

78,6

; 180

,6, i

n ef

fect

rep

eate

d at

212

,s.

Bra

cara

to

Ast

uric

a at

422

,2; 4

27,4

; 429

,s; a

nd (

plac

ed la

st b

y C

untz

) 423

,6.

26

P. G

EY

ER

and 0. C

UN

TZ

(eds

.), I

tine

rari

um B

urdi

gale

nse,

pp.

1-2

6 in

Iti

nera

ria

et A

lia G

eo-

gra

ph

ic~

(Cor

pus

Chr

isti

anor

um S

erie

s L

atin

a 17

5, T

urnh

out,

196

5).