ayn rand and anthem
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Ayn Rand and Anthem. Ayn Rand 1905-1982 Born in Russia, educated under communists Escaped 1926 to America b/c it represented her individualist philosophy. Anthem (1938). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ayn Rand and Anthem
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Ayn Rand 1905-1982
Born in Russia, educated under communists
Escaped 1926 to America b/c it represented her individualist philosophy
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Anthem (1938) This novelette depicts a
world of the future, a society so collectivized that even the word "I" has vanished from the language. Anthem's theme is: the meaning and glory of man's ego.
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Anthem Written in 1937 as a
novelette about the essence of collectivism
Published in England in 1938, America in 1946
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Theme “It is a sin to write this. It is
a sin to think words no others think and put them down upon paper no others are to see… there is no transgression blacker than to do or think alone.”
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Theme This quote begins Anthem
which according to Rand expresses the meaning of man’s ego.
The story is about an individual imprisoned in the collective; how it can happen; what ideas one must accept for it to be possible.
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Theme It is both depressing as it
represents people in such a society and it is hopeful in the triumph of the human spirit for those who are brave enough to reject the ethics of collectivism, no matter the cost.
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Philosophical Concepts
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Collectivism vs.
Individualism
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Collectivism
The subjugation of the individual to a group – whether to a race, class, or state does not matter
All thought and action must be “for the common good”
The individual has no right to lead his own life The individual has no right to pursue his own
happiness, or use his own property An individual’s worth is determined by his service
to the group
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Individualism Every man is an independent,
sovereign entity who possesses an inalienable right to his own life.
A civilized society can only be achieved on the basis of the recognition of individual rights.
Groups possess no right separate from the individual members.
Individualism does not mean one can do whatever he feels like doing; it means every man is an individual and has the same rights.
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Selflessness Defined as “Lack of Self” No one has a name No one should prefer one person
over another It is wrong to disagree, to
question, to have independent thought
Individual has no rights
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Selflessness Without self one must abstain from
thinking and simply obey the leaders When individual identity and thought
are obliterated, a society of mindless robots with no motivation, no ambition, no hope emerges.
Nothing is created because there is no room for creativity.
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Egoism Defined as “being concerned
with one’s own interests” Each man’s primary moral
obligation is to achieve his own welfare, well-being, or self-interest.
Man should be “selfish” in the sense of being the beneficiary of his own moral actions.
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Egoism For example:
Having Ambition Wanting things for one’s
self Wanting to learn Wanting a career that
makes you happy Thinking for one’s self Loving another person of
choice
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Conformity The act or habit of bringing oneself
into harmony or agreement with others; adhering to conventional behavior.
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Independence Acceptance of the responsibility of
forming one’s own judgments and living by the work of one’s own mind.
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Free Will vs.
Determinism
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Free Will Advocates that people
can make choices, can make up their own minds,
can direct their own lives by the ideas and values they adopt
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Determinism
Advocates that people are by nature in the grip of forces beyond their control
For example: Race, the Stars, Instincts
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ANTHEM & Free Will The story shows what it
means to have Free Will They are Robots by
CHOICE The Protagonist will
exercise his free will by making a different choice
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Romantic Realism The story is REALIST because these
are REAL PROBLEMS of normal people (Not monsters, superheroes, or robots)
The story is Romantic b/c it is not about every day trivia or the boy next door It is instead about the “fundamental
universal problems and values of human existence.”
Romanticism contrasts with Naturalism which holds that people are crushed by forces over which they have NO CONTROL (FATE)
Setting/Point of View
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Point of View First Person Plural
(“We instead of “I”) Story begins in the distant future Protagonist is in the late teens or
early twenties Totalitarian Society –
Government controls every aspect of every individual’s life from cradle to grave.
Setting/Point of View
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Expectation is to expend one’s life for the needs of the society, never a moment for one’s self.
If one’s usefulness is gone, he is a burden and should not live.
Because no one has personal desires, the authorities need no threats or force to rule.
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Anyone who doubts his society feels guilty about doubting.
The society has no industry or technology.
The protagonist struggles to understand (man vs. society).
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Sequence of the Life in Anthem Society
Each is conceived in the Palace of Mating Young years are spent in the Home of
Infants Formative years are lived in the Home of
Students After being assigned a vocation,
individuals are placed in special homes according to vocation
Old Age is spent in the Home of the Useless