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1,

:

: George Orwell and Animal Farm

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: :

, , IV-6

, 2010.

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CHAPTER I ........................................................................................................................... ......... ........ .1

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER II ........................................................................................................................................ ....2

2.1 LIFE.................................................................................................................................................. 2

2.1.1 Early Life .................................................................................................................................2

2.1.2 Education ...................................................................................................................... ......... .2

2.1.3 Burma ......................................................................................................................................2

2.1.4 Spanish Civil War .............................................................................................................. .....3

2.1.5 World War II .................................................................................................................... .......4

2.1.6 Final Years ..............................................................................................................................4

2.2 WORK............................................................................................................................................... 6

2.2.1 Why I write ......................................................................................................................... .....6

CHAPTER III ........................................................................................................................... ......... ......9

3.1 THEIDEAOF ANIMAL FARM................................................................................................................. 9

3.2 ANIMALISM.......................................................................................................................................10

3.3 CHARACTERS.................................................................................................................................... 11

3.3.1 Old Major ..............................................................................................................................11

3.3.2 Snowball ................................................................................................................................12

3.3.3 Napoleon ........................................................................................................................ .......12

3.3.4 Squealer ........................................................................................................................ ........12

3.3.5 Boxer .............................................................................................................................. .......13

3.3.6 Benjamin .......................................................................................................................... .....14

3.3.7 Muriel and Clover .................................................................................................................14

3.3.8 Mr. Jones ...............................................................................................................................14

3.3.9 Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick ............................................................................. ........ ...14

CHAPTER IV .........................................................................................................................................16

CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................................16

CHAPTER V ................................................................................................................................. ........ .17

LISTOF PLATES.......................................................................................................................................17

CHAPTER VI .........................................................................................................................................18

BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................................................ 18

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Chapter II

2.1 Life

2.1.1 Early Life

Eric Arthur Blair, whose pen name is George Orwell was born on the 25th of

June, in 1903, in Montihari, Bihar, in India. He was noted as an English author,

journalist, as well as a novelist, critic and a cultural commentator. He was best known

for his two novels critical of totalitarianism in general, and Stalinism in particular:

Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. Both of the novels were published in his

final years. His father, Richard Walmesley Blair, worked for the Opium Department

of the Civil Service. His mother, Ida Mabel Blair, brought him to England at the age

of one. He had an older and a younger sister. In his own opinion, he said that his

family belonged to a Lower-upper-middle class.1

2.1.2 Education

At the age of six, Blair was sent to a small Anglican parish school in Henley-

on-Thames, which his older sister had attended before him. He never wrote of his

recollections of it, but he must have impressed the teachers very favorably, for two

years later, he was recommended to the headmaster of one of the most successful

preparatory schools in England at the time: St. Cyprians School, in Eastbourne,

Sussex. Blair attended St. Cyprians with a help of a private financial arrangement

that allowed his parents to pay only half of the usual fees. At the school, he formed a

lifelong friendship with Cyril Connolly, the future editor of the magazine Horizon, in

which many of his most famous essays were originally published. However, in thistime at St. Cyprians, the young Blair successfully earned scholarships to both

Wellington and Eton.

After one term at Wellington, Blair moved to Eton, where he was a Kings

Scholar from 1917 to 1921. Later in life he wrote that he had been relatively happy2 at Eton, which allowed its students considerable independence, but also that he

ceased doing serious work after arriving there. Reports of his academic performance

at Eton vary; some assert that he was a poor student, while others claim the contrary.

He was clearly disliked by some of his teachers, who resented what they perceived as

disrespect for their authority.

2.1.3 Burma

After Blair finished his studies at Eton, his family could not pay for university

and his father felt that he had no prospect of winning a scholarship, so in 1922 George

Orwell joined the Indian Imperial Police, serving at Katha and Moulmein in Burma.

He came to hate imperialism, and when he returned to England on leave in 1927, he

decided to resign and become a writer. He later used his Burmese experiences for the

novelBurmese Days(1934) and in such essays as A Hanging (1931) and Shooting

an Elephant(1936). Back in England he wrote to Ruth Pitter, a family acquaintance,

and she and a friend of hers found a room in London, on the Portobello Road, where

1 http://www.george-orwell.org/l_biography.html.

2 http://www.george-orwell.org/l_biography.html .

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he started to write. It was from here that he sallied out one evening to Limehouse

Causeway following the footsteps of Jack London and spent his first night in a

common lodging house. For a while he went native in his own country, dressing

like other tramps and making no concessions, and recording his experiences of low

life in his first published essay.

In the spring of 1928, he moved to Paris, where his Aunt Nellie lived and died,

hoping to make a living as a freelance writer. In the autumn of 1929, his lack of

success reduced Blair to take manual jobs as a dishwasher for a few weeks,

principally in a fashionable hotel (the Hotel X) on the rue de Rivoli.

Ill and penniless, he moved back to England in 1929, using his parents house

in Southwold, Suffolk, as a base for writing. Meanwhile, he became a regular

contributor to John Middleton MurraysNew Adelphi magazine.

One of his works was published early the next year while he was working

briefly as a school teacher at a private school called Frays College near Hayes,

Middlesex. He took the job as an escape from dire poverty and it was during this

period that he managed to obtain a literary agent called Leonard Moore. He left the

choice of a pseudonym to Moore and Victor Gollancz, the publisher. Four days later,

Blair wrote Moore and suggested P.O. Burton, a name he used when tramping,

adding three other possibilities: Kenneth Miles, George Orwell, and H. Lewis always.

Orwell continued his work as a teacher. However, because of his ill-health and

the urgings of his parents, he was forced to leave and to give up teaching. From late

1934 to early 1936 he worked as a part-time assistant in a second-hand bookshop,

Booklovers Corner, in Hampstead. Having led a lonely and very solitary existence,

he wanted to enjoy the company of other young writers, and Hampstead was a place

for intellectuals.

2.1.4 Spanish Civil War

In December 1936, Orwell traveled to Spain primarily to fight, not to write,

for the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War against Francisco Francos Fascist

uprising. To Orwell, liberty and democracy went together and, among other things,

guaranteed the freedom of the artist; the present capitalist civilization was corrupt, but

fascism would be morally calamitous. He joined the Independent Labour Party

contingent, whose member he was, a group of some twenty-five Britons who joined

the militia of the Workers Party of Marxist Unification, a revolutionary Spanish

communist political party with which the ILP was allied. He believed that Franco

could be defeated only if the working class in the Republic overthrew capitalism.During his military service, Orwell was shot through the neck and nearly killed. At

first it was feared that his voice would be permanently reduced to nothing more than a

painful whisper. This was not so, although the injury did affect his voice, giving it

what was described as, a strange, compelling quietness3.

The Orwells then spent six months in Morocco in order to recover from his

wound, and during this period, he wrote his last pre World War II novel, Coming upFor Air. As the most English of all his novels, the alarms of war mingle with idyllicimages of a Thames-side Edwardian childhood. Much of the novel is pessimistic

because the idea that industrialism and capitalism have killed the best of old England

permeates the whole text.

3 http://www.history.com/topics/george-orwell .

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2.1.5 World War II

After the ordeals of Spain, most of Orwells formative experiences were over.

His finest writing, his best essays and his great fame lay ahead. In 1940, Orwell

closed up his house in Wallington and he and Eileen moved into 18 Dorset Chambers,

Chagford Street, in the genteel neighborhood of Marylebone, very close to Regents

Park in central London. He supported himself by writing freelance reviews, mainly

for theNew English Weeklybut also for Time and Tide and theNew Statesman. He

joined the Home Guard soon after the war began.

In 1941 Orwell took a job at the BBC Eastern Service, supervising broadcasts

to India aimed at stimulating Indian interest in the war effort, at a time when the

Japanese army was at Indias doorstep. He was well aware that he was engaged in

propaganda. Orwell devoted a good deal of effort to his BBC work.

Orwells decision to resign from the BBC followed a report confirming his

fears about the broadcasts: very few Indians were listening. He wanted to become a

war correspondent.Despite the good salary, he resigned in September 1943 and in November

became the literary editor ofTribune, the left-wing weekly then edited by AneurinBevan and Jon Kimche. With the end of the War in sight, Orwell felt his old desire

growing to be somehow in the trick of the action. David Astor asked him to act as a

war correspondent for the Observer to cover the liberation of France and the early

occupation of Germany, and therefore Orwell left Tribune to do so. He was a close

friend of Astor, and his ideas had a strong influence on Astors editorial policies.

Astor, who died in 2001, is buried in the grave next to Orwell.

2.1.6 Final Years

Orwell and his wife adopted a baby boy, as they could not have a child of their

own, Richard Horatio Blair, born in May 1944. Orwell was taken ill again in Cologne

in spring 1945. While he was sick there, his wife died in Newcastle during an

operation to remove a tumor. She had not told him about this operation due to

concerns about the cost and the fact that she thought she would make a speedy

recovery. Filled with pain and sadness by the loss of his wife, he continued to look

after his adopted son by himself.

For the next four years Orwell mixed journalistic work mainly forTribune,

the Observerand the Manchester Evening News, though he also contributed to manysmall-circulation political and literary magazines. He wrote much while living at

Barnhill, a remote farmhouse on the island of Jura, which lies in the Gulf stream off

the west coast of Scotland. It was an abandoned farmhouse where the paved road, the

only road on the island, came to an end.

In 1948, he co-edited a collection entitled British Pamphleteers with Reginald

Reynolds.

In 1949, Orwell was approached by a friend, Celia Kirwan, who had just

started working for a Foreign Office unit, the Information Research Department,

which the Labour government had set up to publish anti-communist propaganda. He

gave her a list of thirty-seven writers and artists he considered to be unsuitable as

IRD authors because of their pro-communist leanings. Orwells explanation is the

simplest: that he was helping a friend in a cause anti-Stalinism that they both

supported. There is no indication that Orwell abandoned the democratic socialism that

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he consistently promoted in his later writings or that he believed the writers he

named should be suppressed. Orwells list was also accurate: the people on it had all

made pro-Soviet or pro-communist public pronouncements. In October 1949, shortly

before his death, he married Sonia Brownell.

Orwell died in London, at the age of forty six of tuberculosis. He was in and

out of hospitals for the last three years of his life. Having requested burial in

accordance with the Anglican rite, he was interred in All Saints Churchyard, Sutton

Courtenay, Oxfordshire with the simple epitaph: Here lies Eric Arthur Blair, born

June 25, 1903, died January 21, 19504; no mention was made of his more famous

pen-name. He had wanted to be buried in the graveyard of the closest church to

wherever he happened to die, but the graveyards in central London had no space. For

fear that he could have been cremated, against his wishes, his widow appealed to his

friends to see if any of them heard of a church with space in its graveyard.

Orwells friend David Astor lived in Sutton Courtenay and negotiated with the

vicar for Orwell to be buried there, although he had no connection with the village.

Orwells son, Richard Blair, was raised by an aunt after his fathers death.

Nowadays he maintains a low public profile, though he has occasionally given

interviews about the few memories he has of his father. He worked for many years as

an agricultural agent for the British government.

2. Shooting an Elephant (1936) 3. Down and Out In Paris and London (1933)

4 http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/articles/george-orwell-biography.htm.

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4. Nineteen-eighty four (1949)

2.2 Work

During the greatest part of his career, Orwell was best known for his

journalism, in essays, review, columns in newspapers and magazines and in his books

of reportage: Down and out in Paris and London (describing a period of poverty in

these cities), The Road to Wigan Pier (describing the living conditions of the poor innorthern England, and the class division generally) andHomage to Catalonia.

Modern readers are more often introduced to Orwell as a novelist, particularly

through his enormously successful titles Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty Four.Both of them are primarily allegories of the Soviet Union, the former of developments

in the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution, and the latter of life under Stalinist

totalitarianism.

2.2.1 Why I write

In his essay Why I write, George Orwell explains, how, when, and

why he started writing.

I give all this background information because I do not think one can assess awriters motives without knowing something of his early development. His subject

matter will be determined by the age he lives in at least this is true in tumultuous,

revolutionary ages like our own but before he ever begins to write, he will have

acquired an emotional attitude from which he will never completely escape. It is his

job, no doubt, to discipline his temperament and avoid getting stuck at some immature

stage, in some perverse mood; but if he escapes from his early influences altogether,

he will have killed his impulse to write. Putting aside the need to earn a living, I think

there are four great motives for writing, at any rate for writing prose. They exist in

different degrees in every writer, and in any writer the proportions will vary from time

to time, according to the atmosphere in which he is living. They are:

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1. Sheer egoism.

A desire to seem clever, to be talked about, to be remembered after death, to

get your own back on the grown-ups who snubbed you in childhood. It is humbug to

pretend this is not a motive, and a strong one. Writers share this characteristic with

scientists, artists, politicians, lawyers, soldiers, successful businessmen in short,

with the whole top crust of humanity. The great masses of human beings are not

acutely selfish. After the age of about thirty they almost abandon the sense of being

individuals at all and live chiefly for others, or are simple smothered under

drudgery. But there is also the minority of gifted, willful people who are determined

to live their own lives to the end, and writers belong in this class. Serious writers, I

should say, are on the whole more vain and self centered than journalists, though less

interested in money.

2. Aesthetic enthusiasm.

Perception of beauty in the external world, or, on the other hand, in words and

their right arrangement. Pleasure in the impact of one sound on another, in the

firmness of good prose or the rhythm of a good story. Desire to share an experience

which one feels is valuable and ought not to be missed. The aesthetic motive is very

feeble in a lot of writers, but even a pamphleteer or writer of textbooks will have pet

words and phrases which appeal to him for non-utilitarian reasons; or he may feel

strongly about typography, width of margins, etc. Above the level of a railway guide,

no book is quite free from aesthetic considerations.

3. Historical impulse.

Desire to see things as they are, to find out true facts and store them up for the

use of posterity.

4. Political purpose.

Using the word political in the widest possible sense. Desire to push the

world in a certain direction, to alter other peoples idea of the kind of society that they

should strive after. Once again, no book is genuinely free from political bias. Theopinion that art should have nothing to do with politics is itself a political attitude.5

5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_I_Write .

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5. Animal Farm (1999)

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Chapter III

3.1 The idea of Animal Farm

Animal Farm, a novella, and written by a man of anti Stalinism views, is what

critics see, a direct assault on the Communist Russia, the way the Revolution went

through, and how well are things ordered there afterwards.

Animal Farm is a story about a bunch of animals on a farm in England, taking over

control, chasing off the farmer, his wife and workers and establishing what they

thought would be the Piedmont for creating an Animal Republic. In this novel, pigs

represent the brains of operation, and all other animals trust the pig council on most

mattersThis is also the stepping stone for corruption, and misuse of power, which is

exactly what had overcome the pigs. Dogs and guardians, are used by the pigs as

bodyguards, and annoying sheep whose minds can easily be manipulated with, arethere to make anyone wish away from saying anything against the pigs council by

their irritating bleating

The reason this novel was translated into all major languages of the world, and almost

all the languages there are, is that that even a child can read this book, and still find

some sort of message in it. Every time you read this book, no matter your age, you

will look at it as a completely different experience.

This is a story how the ideal of Utopia slowly and painlessly degenerated, taking

animals to a far worse state than they ever had been under the rule of their old

farmer

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6. Animal Farm (1945)

3.2 Animalism

Animalism is an allegorical mirror to the Soviet Union, particularly between the

1910s and the 1940s, as well as the evolution of the view of the Russian

revolutionaries and government of how to practice it, but not only limited to the

Soviet Union in that period, but many other countries after the Great War and

especially after the Second World War, that had accepted the socialist system.

In this dystopian allegorical novella, it is invented by the highly respected pig Old

Major. The leaders among the pigs, Snowball, and Napoleon, adapt Old Majors ideasand create an actual philosophy from it, naming it Animalism. Since not all animals

could comprehend the Animalism from the intellectual point of view, the idea was

broken down into seven commandments. Those commandments were as follows:

1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy

2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend

3. No animal shall wear clothes

4. No animal shall sleep in a bed

5. No animal shall drink alcohol

6. No animal shall kill any other animal

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7. All animals are equal

Even though this was quite understandable for the masses, not everyone could

comprehend all this information easily, so even these commandments were brokeneven more into one single motto:

Four legs good, two legs bad.

Napoleon and the other pigs, not long after having banished Snowball off the farm,

slowly fell under the same vices they had prohibited to all animals in the seven

commandments.

Firstly, they broke the sixth commandment, Napoleon himself issued the order toexecute anyone who was suspected to or committed of helping Snowball the traitor.

Secondly, pigs moved to the farmhouse, and started sleeping in beds. Not long from

that, they started drinking alcohol, and wearing clothes. Finally, the irony of the

whole novella is pretty clearly shown when Orwell described how pigs were walking

on their back trotters, wearing farmers clothes, whips in hand.

In the very end, the table with the seven commandments was removed, and instead

there was a sign that stated:

All animals are equal but some are more equal than others.

This is, in short, the beginning, development, degradation, and end of the utopian idea

named Animalism.

3.3 Characters

3.3.1 Old Major

He is the oldest pig on the farm. He survived through better and/or worse. He

had friends and foes, and he had seen many animal generations as they grew up, lived,

bred, grew old, diedThose who have read the novel suggest this character is an

analogy to Karl Marx, or Lenin, which Orwell never confirmed nor denied. Major is

the one who inspired the animals to rebel against Mr. Jones He led the animals

believe they were under torture, in inhumane conditionsPerhaps that was true, but

like humans, whenever an event becomes massive, due to corrupt and evil, selfish and

self-centered individuals, the main purpose is easily forgotten, and its highest

principle becomes immoral. Animal Farm and the famous Rebellion was no better.After the night when he set off the rebellion spark, Major died, leaving the animals to

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themselves, to manage and prepare everything for younger generations, as they were

supposed to carry out the Rebellion.

3.3.2 Snowball

In short, he is the brightest bulb on the tree. He is a small white boar that

resembles all intellectuals in this fable. Snowball was perhaps more innovative then

people wanted him to be and he was also ahead of his time. Firstly, he showed the

animals that they could actually live as gods if humans were to be expelled. He

promised electricity, hot and cold water for every corner of the farm. They could have

all that from a windmill that could be created if animals worked for only three days a

week over one year. This was the analogy to a possible outcome of the Bolshevik

revolution in 1917, given that they would focus on their work, and they worked, under

supervision that would result efficiency. Animals did not argue about it, yet one pig, aBerkshire boar, resented Snowball and all he stood up for, Napoleon. In French

translation of the novella, the name was changed to Caesar.

3.3.3 Napoleon

He is a larger, rather fierce looking Berkshire boar, the only one on the

whole farm. Not as talkative and inventive as his counterpart Snowball, with a

reputation for getting his own way. There is a high possibility this character represents

Joseph Stalin, but it can hold true to any dictator and self proclaimed Leader of thepeople. His wickedness from within, and his slow fall to corruption over time, is

what makes him the darkest character in the novel. Not only did he overthrow

Snowball and take the entire rule in his own greasy, muddy trotters, but after chasing

Snowball off the farm he also led the animals on the Farm to a lot worse situation than

it was during Mr. Jones rule. All these events took place under the cover that it was

good for the Rebellion, that it did not cross ideas and principles of so-called

Animalism. Even while democracy had reigned, he took the first born puppies of

the Rebellion, the pups of Bluebell, Jessie and Pincher and raised them on his own.

Later on, he used the nine scary grown-up dogs as his personal Black Guard, and no

one could ever approach him, since the dogs growled with such ferocity it instated

fear into everyones bones, if anyone dared approach Napoleon. This effect also

occurred when someone stood up to talk against Napoleon.

3.3.4 Squealer

Squealer is a pig with no identity, a pig without an attitude. He uses verbal

confusion to persuade animals to believe without questioning. Squealer always spoke

of it as a readjustment, never as a reduction6. His best argument was when he let

6 George Orwell, Animal Farm, Penguin Books, London, England, the UK, p. 75.

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animals believe they were far better off than before Rebellion. Surely there is no one

among you who want to see Jones come back?7

He was using some cheap, fake graphs to convince the animals that everything was

getting better, as they were working harder and harder. In truth, nothing changed as

much as the pigs themselves. The altruistic, selfless pigs from the beginning of the

Rebellion became the very things animals despised and had chased off from the farm

during the Rebellion. Squealers only crime was that he let Napoleon turn him into an

instrument of his ill will. However, on the other hand, he only could have done that to

save himself from a fate far worse than Snowballs. The others said of Squealer that

he could turn black into white8.

3.3.5 Boxer

Boxers a rather young brown horse that really put his back into everything onthe farm. He never faltered to work to the best of his ability. Even when animals

failed to accomplish something, Boxer was only saying: I will work harder 9. Thatsoon became his well-known maxim. He never asked how muchwould it take neither how long it would take; he only asked whatneeded be done. He was functionally illiterate, for he only learnedthe first few letters of the alphabet, and when he tried to memorizemore than first four, he learned the second four, but forgot the firstfour. After some time, after Snowballs expulsion, he added anothermaxim in addition to I will work harder! That other maxim wasNapoleon is always right!10 From a certain point of view, hisdetachment from politics and disinterest in it was the best decisionhe ever made. At any point of time, at any place on Earth, going tosuch extremes never ended well. In the end, he did not escape histragic destiny Under Jones rule, when he would become old, Joneswould send him to the knackers. Pigs that took over leadership onthe farm, promised all animals that are past their working age asmall paddock near the orchard as their resting place. What pigspromised at first, and what they really did when the time was rightfor Boxer to retire, is no different whatsoever to what would becomeof Boxer under Mr. Jones. This is a good example to see all the

corruption the pigs fell under over time. Finally, I believe thatBoxers strongest point was in the end his weakest point, for he wasall muscles and no brains.

7 Ibid., p. 23.

8 Ibid., p. 9.

9 Ibid., p. 18.

10 Ibid., p. 37.

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3.3.6 Benjamin

Benjamin is the most intelligent animal on the farm, but with hardly any

emotion for others. When animals wanted to know something more about him and his

views, he only said that donkeys live long. In truth, he could have led the farm farbetter than any pig or any other animal, but he did not care. It cannot be said that it

was his evil will and wish to see animals suffer from the very Rebellion they carried

out, but he realized the amount of corruption power brings, and could not be bothered

to reason with the animals. Apathy for anything or anyone is what saved him the cruel

fate, like Boxers. He did not work very much, neither had he talked, and pigs just

silently put up with him. The only one he kept somewhat close to was Boxer.

Benjamin respected him highly, mostly for his strength and iron-willed character.

Benjamin and Clover were the only animals that really cared for Boxer, though

everyone was saying they respected Boxer highly.

3.3.7 Muriel and Clover

Muriel is always complaining, but contends. She is literate, but also a little

dumb and slow to understand certain things. She was best friends with Clover, and

has been by her side when she needed her.

Clover on the other hand, is a young white mare, a carthorse, same as Boxer.

She is a rather stupid animal, but kind, and noble. She has, what others call it, an ear

for peoples trouble and above everyone, she cared for Boxer most, though she

resented his stubbornness.

3.3.8 Mr. Jones

Since most critics suggest this novel represents the Soviet Revolution in 1917,

this character, accordingly, resembles Russian emperor, Nicholas II Romanov. Mr.

Jones, in particular, is just a farmer like any other, with only one exception. He was

too addicted to liquor and one day, that addiction was his undoing, in a matter of

speaking. The crucial event before he was banished off the farm was that he had not

fed the animals for two nights and two days straight. Animals, in their hunger rush,

fell under their wild instincts and therefore, became highly aggressive, so they

charged at Mr. Jones, who could only run for his life, away from the farm.

3.3.9 Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick

Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick are both Mr. Jones neighbors.

Mr. Pilkington owns a farm overgrown by fruits and crops, and is not using the

maximum of the farms potential. H is a hypocrite, the same as Mr. Frederick. On

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Foxwood, which is Mr. Pilkingtons farm, things are done with ease and without

much tension.

Mr. Frederick is a rather strict, but proud owner of Pinchfield. Animals there

are extorted to their limits, only to reach the same level as Foxwood.

Both Mr. Frederick and Mr. Pilkington at first denied that animals could everrun a farm, but later on as the plot developed they just forgot what they were

previously saying and tried to make amends and be friends with the animals. This

would be considered a highly moral act if not for their hypocrisy. They were actually

more interested in the log of timber the animals were going to sell.

At the very end of the novel, there were twelve living beings in the farmhouse,

Napoleon and his pigs, Mr. Frederick and Mr. Pilkington and their men, playing

poker. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from

pig to man again, but already it was impossible to say which is which.11

11 Ibid., p. 95

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Chapter IV

Conclusion

In my opinion, this book is a book about today, a book about yesterday, a book about

a hundred and five thousand years ago, and a book about the future; of the power of

corruption power brings, about slavery under someone, in any possible meaning. It is

a book about the system to which many critics suggest is a good system, but it dies

out when the initial carrier of the idea dies, or is banished from the society. In this

novel, that was SnowballIn history, that person was Lenin and perhaps Leon

TrotskyNapoleon is not guilty for doing all the things he did, nor is Stalin, nor any

other dictatorBad dictatorship is caused by time and place that affect a person, since

no one is born evil.

This book is genuine since even a child who knows nothing of politics, of lifeshypocrisy, of any other things they learn through a course of time, can read this book,

and still find it interesting, and rather funny. Well, who would not laugh, reading a

book about animals running a farm? This is the heyday of Orwells writing, in my

opinion, since you can read this book million times over, and find a new meaning

every time you read it.

If you have not read the book already, I hope this short essay of such a thin, yet

complex and unique book will persuade you to do so.

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Chapter V

List of Plates

1. George Orwell (1903-1950),http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/books/blog/GeorgeOrwell.jpg .

2. Shooting an Elephant (1936),

http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/University_Library/libs/hay/collections/orwell/shoot

ing2.jpg .

3. Down and Out In Paris and London (1933),

http://shelflove.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/downout_paris_london.jpg .

4. Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949),

http://translation-blog.trustedtranslations.com/wp-content/uploads/Orwell.jpg .

5. Animal Farm (1999),

A poster for the movie based on the novel published in 1945,

http://www.weeklyreader.com/readandwriting/content/binary/animal%20farm.jpg .

6. Animal Farm (1945),

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3211/3145162135_9a9492b1b5.jpg .

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Chapter VI

Bibliography

1. O, , , , , 2004.2. Summers, Della, Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture,

Longman, England, GB, 1982.

3. Morton Benson's Standard English-SerboCroatian, SerboCroatian-English

Dictionary, Cambridge, 1998.

4. Hollis, Christopher. A Study of George Orwell: The Man and His Works.

Chicago: Henry Regnery Co. 1956.

5. Rodden, John, ed (2007). The Cambridge companion to George Orwell.

Cambridge University Press. p. 10.

6. Orwell, George, Animal Farm, Penguin Books, GB, 1989.

7. The Internet

a. www.wikipedia.com

b. http://www.readprint.com/chapter-7647/Animal-Farm-George-Orwell

c. www.online-literature.com