Biology Education

BySatara Budi Utama,S.Pd

Ecology is Study of Ecology is Study of interactions or interrelations interactions or interrelations between an organism and between an organism and another organism and another organism and between an organism and between an organism and the non living things around the non living things around it. it.

Ecology includes the Ecology includes the concept of environmental concept of environmental components and components and interaction among the interaction among the components.components.

• In Ecology environmental components can be divided into :

abiotic componentscomponents

( non living things)( non living things)

biotic components

( ( living thingsliving things))

AbioticAbiotic components components ( non living ( non living things) include :things) include :

•Air, Air,

•water,water,

•sunlightsunlight,,

•temperature and temperature and

• level of salt content(salinity).level of salt content(salinity).

BioticBiotic components components ( living things) ( living things) include : include :

Producers Producers Consumers Consumers DecomposersDecomposers DetritivoresDetritivores

A A COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEMCOMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEM

Ecosystem is the environment in Ecosystem is the environment in which organisms interact.which organisms interact.

It is made up of : It is made up of :

1.1. Biotic Components Biotic Components

2.2. Abiotic ComponentsAbiotic Components

Biotic components consist Of Biotic components consist Of various organisms existing in the various organisms existing in the ecosystem. ecosystem.

An ecosystem cannot stand alone An ecosystem cannot stand alone without interacting with other without interacting with other ecosystems.ecosystems.

Habitat is address of an organism Habitat is address of an organism and niche is the profession or job and niche is the profession or job an organism.an organism.

Based on their niches organisms can be divided into four:

a. Producersb. Consumersc. Decomposersd. Detritivores

Ad ProducerAd Producer

Producer are group of organisms who Producer are group of organisms who can produce their own food,can produce their own food,

they comprise all green plants and they comprise all green plants and several microorganisms. several microorganisms.

All producers are also called autotroph All producers are also called autotroph organisms. organisms.

Producers synthesize organic Producers synthesize organic compounds and simple anorganic compounds and simple anorganic substances by themselves with the help substances by themselves with the help of sunlight.of sunlight.

Ad ConsumersAd Consumers Consumers are a group of Consumers are a group of

organisms that cannot produce food organisms that cannot produce food by themselves, so they swallow or by themselves, so they swallow or digest other organisms to satisfy digest other organisms to satisfy their needs for organic food. their needs for organic food.

Consumers are also called Consumers are also called heterotroph organisms.heterotroph organisms.

Based on their food, consumers are divided into three types they are :

1. Herbivores that feed on plants

2. Carnivores that feed on the animals

3. Omnivores that feed on the both plants and animals

Consumers

PRODUCER

HERBIVORES

Iam hungry !

But this is small grass

CarnivoresWhat is the

meal ?Oh my god,

it is hardBut I want to

eat !

Omnivores

1.SOSIS 2. CAKE3. VEGETABLES

Water

Ad c. Decomposers• Organisms which included in

decomposers are fungi and bacteria

• Fungi and bacteria generally obtain organic food by breaking down or decomposing remmants or products

Ad d. Ad d. DetritivoresDetritivores

Detritivores are a group of Detritivores are a group of organisms that feed on organic organisms that feed on organic particles or fragments of particles or fragments of plant/animal tissue tat has plant/animal tissue tat has decayed. decayed.

Examples of detritivores are Examples of detritivores are earthwormsearthworms, , and snails and snails

2. 2. AbioticAbiotic Components Components

Abiotic components are things Abiotic components are things that are not directly related to that are not directly related to the existence of particular the existence of particular organisms.organisms.

for example: for example:

a.a. temperaturetemperature

b.b. WaterWater

c.c. sunlight sunlight

•Biochemical processes can only Biochemical processes can only happen efficiently within a narrow happen efficiently within a narrow range of temperatures generally, so range of temperatures generally, so only organisms that can adapt to only organisms that can adapt to the range are able to survive in the the range are able to survive in the particular area.particular area.

• Water is an abiotic component which is required by organisms.

• Organisms cannot live without water

• For animal living on land, water is needed for drinking, where as for animal living in water, it is needed to dilute oxygen.

Decomposers

FUNGI

EARTHWORM

SNAIL

WATER

Damm

SEA

The ground

AIR

SUNLIGHT

( Be the best, all you ( Be the best, all you need to study and study, need to study and study, good luck guysgood luck guys) ) see you see you

byby

SUNLIGHT