1.Characteristics of living organisms include

A) the ability to adapt to the environment.

B) the ability to evolve over time.

C) possessing homeostatic mechanisms.

D) the ability to reproduce

E) All of the choices pertain to living organisms

Answer: E

2. A(n) __________ consists of the interactions between groups of different individuals and the non-living factors in a particular area.

A) population

B) ecosystem

C) community

D) domain

E) species

Answer: B

3. Organisms belonging to the same _____ would be the most closely related.

A) kingdom

B) phylum

C) family

D) class

E) order

Answer: C

4. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of living organisms?

A) to be organized

B) to respond

C) to grow

D) to metabolize

E) All of the choices are characteristics of living organisms.

Answer: E

5. A university biology department wishes to hire a scientist to work on the relationships among the wolves, moose, trees and grass species on an island. If you were charged with writing the job announcement, you should title the position

A) population geneticist.

B) molecular biologist.

C) community ecologist.

D) organismic physiologist.

E) island zoologist.

Answer: C

6. Which of the following sequences of organization is likely to be seen in a multicellular organism, going from smallest to largest?

A) cell, organ, tissue, organism

B) cell, organ, system, tissue

C) cell, tissue, system, organism

D) organism, system, organ, tissue

E) tissue, system, cell, organ

Answer: C

7. Studying a brick does not predict the design of a skyscraper. Intense examination of muscle tissues does not allow you to predict the design of a kangaroo or clam. The structure of chlorophyll does not dictate the unique structure of a tree. These cases demonstrate

A) essential properties of life.

B) levels of organization from atom to biosphere.

C) determinism, or how all phenomena are predictable effects of causes.

D) emergent properties that are easily predicted by examining their parts.

E) emergent properties that cannot be predicted by examining their parts.

Answer: E

8. Which of the following characteristics is NOT required for the life of an individual organism to continue?

A) to be organized

B) to respond

C) to metabolize

D) to reproduce

E) to acquire energy

Answer: D

9. One classic definition of life is "a self-replicating molecular assemblage." However, clay particles (in clay soil) contain layered aluminum and iron compounds that determine the pattern of the adjacent layers of sediment. This is technically a self-replicating molecular assemblage. Which of the following conclusions is most accurate?

A) It is living.

B) It is not living because it cannot think.

C) It is not living because there were no molecular changes (or chemistry) involved.

D) It is not living because there is no carbon involved; otherwise, such duplication would be living.

E) It is not living because it is a simple repetitive process without the ability to evolve or respond to the environment.

Answer: E

10. Which of the following organisms is NOT ultimately dependent on the sun as a source of energy?

A) A night-blooming flower is pollinated by night-flying bats.

B) An underground earthworm avoids the sun.

C) A cave fish feeds on debris that washes down to it.

D) All of the choices ARE ultimately dependent on the sun.

E) None of the choices are ultimately dependent on the sun.

Answer: D

11. Which statement is FALSE about nearly all living things?

A) Living things are made up of cells.

B) Living things must obey the laws of chemistry and physics.

C) Living things show biological organization and other common characteristics of life.

D) Emergent properties can be used to distinguish living things from nonliving things.

E) Living things are composed only of organic elements, whereas nonliving things are made up of inorganic elements.

Answer: E

12. What is the process by which the sun's energy is trapped as the source of energy used by virtually all living organisms?

A) evolution

B) metabolism

C) adaptation

D) homeostasis

E) photosynthesis

Answer: E

13. What is the term which refers to all the chemical energy transformations that occur within a cell?

A) evolution

B) metabolism

C) adaptation

D) homeostasis

E) photosynthesis

Answer: B

14. Metabolism is the sum of chemical reactions that occur in living cells, and we are accustomed to living cells continuously using energy and respiring. Even when plants and seeds are "dormant," we expect that they are carrying on metabolism but at a very slow rate. "Cryptobiosis" is a state of almost total loss of water seen in some roundworms, rotifers, and tardigrades and has been considered a near cessation of metabolism. Recently, a botanist working in a British museum accidentally spilled fluid on 120+ year old herbarium mounts. Fearing damage to the plant specimen, he immediately inspected it under the microscope only to find small tardigrades "waking up." These observations

A) support the claim that the tardigrades were always alive but respiring at a very slow rate.

B) generate the possibility that we can bring most dead animals back to life.

C) contradict the cell theory that all life comes from life.

D) indicate that metabolism probably did totally stop, and that organization may be sufficient to maintain the possibility for "life."

E) suggest that a "vital force" may be involved in defining when life is present.

Answer: D

15. What do we call the maintenance of internal conditions of an organism within a certain boundary range?

A) evolution

B) metabolism

C) adaptation

D) homeostasis

E) photosynthesis

Answer: D

16. Which of the following terms is based on the Greek root words for "holding still" or "to be standing"?

A) evolution

B) metabolism

C) adaptation

D) homeostasis

E) photosynthesis

Answer: D

17. Which of the following does NOT represent homeostasis?

A) Sensors detect CO2 levels in the blood and trigger an increase or decrease in the rate of

breathing.

B) When body temperature drops, you shiver to generate heat; when your body heats up, you sweat and the evaporation cools you.

C) Feelings of hunger and then fullness affect the length of time and quantity of food you eat, keeping your weight near a "set point."

D) Energy is captured by plants, then transferred to consumers and decomposers, and eventually lost as heat.

E) Cells adjusting the openings on the bottom of leaves respond to differences in water stress in order to maintain moisture inside the leaf.

Answer: D

18. Which of these is a peculiarity of form, function, or behavior that promotes the likelihood of a species' continued existence?

A) evolution

B) metabolism

C) adaptation

D) homeostasis

E) photosynthesis

Answer: C

19. Which of these is the process by which changes occur in the characteristics of species of organisms over time?

A) evolution

B) metabolism

C) adaptation

D) homeostasis

E) photosynthesis

Answer: A

20. All ecosystems taken together make up a

A) niche.

B) biosphere.

C) community.

D) population.

E) habitat.

Answer: B

21. The two parts of a species name, in order, are the

A) kingdom and genus names.

B) family and species names.

C) genus name and specific epithet.

D) specific epithet and genus name.

E) species and genus names.

Answer: C

22. Which of the following sequences correctly gives the different classification levels of an organism, going from the largest grouping to the smallest? (Some are left out.)

A) species, genus, family, class, phylum

B) kingdom, phylum, class, order, species

C) class, family, kingdom, species, genus

D) genus, class, phylum, species, family

E) kingdom, phylum, order, species, family

Answer: B

23. Which term is based on the Greek root words for "laws" of "classification"?

A) species, genus, family, class, phylum

B) taxonomy

C) homeostasis

D) nomenclature

E) hypothesis

Answer: B

24. An earlier classification grouped organisms by whether they inhabited the air, land or sea. However, the five-kingdoms-of-life and three-domains system divided into class-order-family-genus-species as described in this chapter is superior because it

A) better represents the origin of features held in common–the unity of life in DNA, etc.

B) better reflects the origin of adaptations–the diversity of life for differing environments.

C) allows the organization of over 900,000 different species.

D) groups organisms based on similarities related to their structure and evolution.

E) All of the choices are correct.

Answer: E

25. Which of the following domains contains the most primitive bacteria that live in extreme environments?

A) Archaea

B) Bacteria

C) Plantae

D) Fungi

E) Eukarya

Answer: A

26. Which of the following domains contains the common advanced plants and animals and fungi?

A) Archaea

B) Bacteria

C) Plantae

D) Fungi

E) Eukarya

Answer: E

27. Which of the following kingdoms contains multicellular organisms that ingest their food?

A) Protista

B) Animalia

C) Plantae

D) Archaea

E) Fungi

Answer: B

28. Which of the following kingdoms contains primarily multicellular, larger-celled, photosynthetic organisms?

A) Protista

B) Animalia

C) Plantae

D) Archaea

E) Fungi

Answer: C

29. Which of the following kingdoms contains organisms that obtain their food by absorption through filaments called hyphae?

A) Protista

B) Animalia

C) Plantae

D) Archaea

E) Fungi

Answer: E

30. A researcher reports he has conducted many experiments where a galvanometer (lie detector) was hooked up to detect the plant's responses. He reports that when a spider was released near the plant, the spider's decision to escape was picked up by the plant, "causing a reaction in the leaf." When other researchers repeated the experiment, they could not get any galvanometer responses. The researcher then concluded that plants could be put into a faint by humans.

A) This is a justified conclusion from a research design that appears to follow the scientific method.

B) The only problem with this general research plan is that it lacks a control.

C) Results must be somewhat repeatable and these results that only work for this researcher do not qualify as science.

D) The design is scientific; it just lacks a hypothesis.

E) If the researcher has actual numerical counts, this must be accepted as valid science.

Answer: C

31. An elementary student decides to conduct an experiment comparing the effectiveness of two commercial soaps as cleaning agents (“Soap 1 and Soap 2”), using each in paired tests of different types of stains and colors of cloth, where the only variable is the soap used. The student will use the judgment of classmates to decide if the stains remain equal or if Soap 1cleans better than Soap 2 in each test run. However, the student makes no prediction of which soap is expected to perform best.

A) This lacks a hypothesis and is therefore not a scientific test.

B) This lacks any control group (no-soap treatment) and therefore will provide no meaningful results.

C) Because this is based on the subjective judgments of students, it is not objective and therefore not scientific.

D) This is a scientific procedure, although it does lack a stated hypothesis describing an anticipated outcome.

E) This experimental design has all the components and procedures of the scientific method.

Answer: D

32. What is inductive reasoning?

A) a tentative statement, based on data, that can be used to guide further observations and experiments

B) a report of the findings of scientific experiments

C) a general statement made to infer a specific conclusion, often in an "if . . . then" format

D) using isolated observations and facts to reach a general idea that may explain a phenomenon

E) none of the above

Answer: D

33. What is deductive reasoning?

A) a tentative statement, based on data, that can be used to guide further observations and experiments

B) a report of the findings of scientific experiments

C) a general statement made to infer a specific conclusion, often in "if . . . then" format

D) using isolated facts to reach a general idea that may explain a phenomenon

E) none of the above

Answer: C

34. Which statement is NOT true about a hypothesis?

A) Experiments or observations are undertaken to test a hypothesis.

B) A hypothesis must be testable

C) A hypothesis cannot be proven false.

D) Data that support a hypothesis do not actually prove it.

E) If data from experiments do not support a hypothesis, the hypothesis must be rejected or

revised.

Answer: C

35. Which best describes a control group in an experiment?

A) It is subjected to the condition that is being tested

B) It is a sample taken through all experimental steps except the one being tested

C) It is treated identically as the experimental group

D) It tests the dependent variable

E) All of the above

Answer: B

36. Four groups of mice consume different amounts of sweetener in their food. The control group is the one that receives

A) 10 mg/day of sweetener.

B) 50 mg/day of sweetener.

C) no sweetener.

D) extra food.

E) milk instead of water.

Answer: C

37. Which statement is NOT true about experimental design?

A) All conditions are held the same except for the condition being tested by the experiment.

B) It is best to use genetically identical mice to reduce the uncontrolled variables.

C) Mice for each group should be selected at random.

D) The condition being tested in an experiment is the control variable.

E) The dependent variable is observed at the end of the experiment when statistical comparisons are made between groups.

Answer: D

38. Which of the following terms best describes the collection of scientific data through observation in the field, such as observing the behavior of birds?

A) a scientific model

B) an experiment

C) descriptive research

D) a scientific theory or principle

E) experimental results

Answer: C

39. Some biologists study the complex interactions of animals and plants in forests or prairies. Such ecology field research often produces slightly different results for different researchers. In contrast, ecology experiments that are run indoors with one organism in a terrarium usually produce results that are repeatable. What is the most likely explanation?

A) The scientific method is only useful in laboratory settings.

B) It is not possible to establish a control group outside of a laboratory.

C) It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory.

D) Field research is only descriptive, and descriptive research is not strictly "science."

E) Fieldwork is inductive; lab work is deductive.

Answer: C

40. You are interested in the effect of increased carbon dioxide versus normal air, and also in the effect of green light versus full sunlight on the growth of corn plants in a greenhouse. Although you can set up your experiment inside a greenhouse, it is possible that there will be plant growth effects due to effects that you do not know and may never know. Which of the following are important to ensure control of unknown variables?

A) An increase in carbon dioxide should not result in a substantial decrease of other necessary gases.

B) All seedlings should be from one uniform strain.

C) The intensity or brightness of the green light should equal the intensity of the full sunlight.

D) All temperatures and available water should remain the same.

E) All of the choices are important.

Answer: E

41. You probably believe that the earth is spherical, but it is obvious that the earth is flat. Look around; where do you see the curvature? One classmate suggests that if you call someone on the "other side" of the world by phone, he or she will answer and, for instance, it will be midnight there at the instant it is noon here. Another student reminds you of the picture taken of the spherical earth from the moon landing. Your teacher explains the ancient observation that when the sun was directly overhead on one day near the equator, a pole some hundreds of miles away to the north still cast a shadow. What is the best scientific basis for still considering that the earth is spherical?

A) "Seeing is believing" and, therefore, you must suspend judgment until you can ride on the Concorde and see the curvature of the earth for yourself.

B) If scientists say it, it must be correct until they vote otherwise.

C) If it is in a science book, it is correct until another explanation is published.

D) The observation that the earth is flat is direct and objective, whereas all of the other observations are indirect and subjective or based on extrapolated judgment.

E) Reasoning must be used to arrive at a model that best fits the observations.

Answer: E

42. For five years, you wake up before the alarm is set to ring each morning. This leads you to conclude that people have a built-in "alarm clock" capable of waking them up. From a science viewpoint, this conclusion

A) is science because it is based on real observations.

B) is science because it is predictive of what will happen tomorrow morning.

C) is scientifically valid because 5 years x 365 days is a large number of trials.

D) may not be valid because it generalizes about all people, and there may have been other variables that could awaken you without a built-in clock.

E) cannot be scientifically treated because it involves human behavior.

Answer: D

43. Which statement is NOT true about science?

A) Science is concerned about understanding the natural world.

B) Science approaches data in a subjective manner.

C) Science gains information by observing and testing the natural world.

D) The conclusions of science are subject to change based on new findings.

E) Science attempts to avoid prejudice in making judgments.

Answer: B

44. Which of the following terms best describes a conceptual scheme in science that is strongly supported, has not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the results of many observations?

A) a scientific model

B) an experiment

C) descriptive research

D) a scientific theory or principle

E) experimental results

Answer: D

45. Which of the following concepts is NOT one of the unifying theories of biology?

A) Virtually all organisms are composed of cells.

B) Life may arise through spontaneous generation.

C) Life comes only from life.

D) Organisms contain coded information that dictates their form, function, and behavior.

E) All living things have a common ancestor and are adapted to a particular way of life.

Answer: B

46. Some members of a species have a genetic change that causes them to be better suited to their environment. These members survive to reproduce and pass these genetic changes to their offspring. This is

A) adaptation

B) natural selection

C) the driving force for evolution

D) All of the choices are correct.

E) None of the choices are correct.

Answer: D

47. All individuals of a given species living in a defined area at a defined time are a (an)

A) population

B) community

C) ecosystem

D) biosphere

E) abiotic component of the system

Answer: A

48. Unicellular prokaryotes

A) lack a membrane bounded nucleus

B) are found in the domains Bacteria and Archaea

C) are found in almost all habitats

D) are structurally simple and metabolically complex

E) All of the choices are correct.

Answer: E

49. A group of college students order a pizza with mushrooms, ham, and pineapple. The mushrooms belong to the kingdom

A) Protista

B) Plantae

C) Fungi

D) Animalia

E) Bacteria

Answer: C

50. The correct order of classification from most general to most specific is which of the following?

A) Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species

B) Kingdom-Domain-Class-Phylum-Order-Family-Genus-Species

C) Kingdom-Domain-Class-Phylum-Order-Genus-Species-Family

D) Kingdom-Class-Phylum-Domain-Genus-Order-Family-Species

E) Genus-Species-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Domain

Answer: A

51. Experimental design

A) is the way in which the scientist intends to conduct an experiment

B) ensures that scientists are testing what they want to test

C) ensures that the test results are meaningful

D) All of the choices are correct.

E) None of the choices are correct.

Answer: D

52. Factors which provide a measure of biodiversity in a particular ecosystem include

A) the total number of species in that ecosystem

B) the variability of the individual genes

C) the relative abundance of each species

D) the number of different habitats being utilized

E) All of the choices are correct.

Answer: E

53. Concerning the nature of "life" (the property that makes living things differ from nonliving), which of the following statements would most biologists support?

A) Development of an organism, even a single cell, is too complex to be explained by chemical and physical laws.

B) The critical "vitalist" force that makes organisms live is of a different nature from nonliving chemistry and is yet to be discovered.

C) Life consists of a property called "soul" and this leaves the body when an organism dies.

D) Development of living forms from simple to complex forms contradicts physical laws.

E) None of these statements would be a mainline biology perspective.

Answer: E

Use the following to answer questions 54-56:

The graph shows the results of an experiment investigating changes in wheat biomass under various treatments (two different nitrogen treatments and rotation between wheat and pigeon pea). Answer the following questions based on the data presented.

54. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

A) The pot with no treatment.

B) The pots with different amounts of nitrogen added.

C) The pots with different nitrogen amounts and the pigeon pea pot.

D) The wheat biomass of each pot.

E) All of these

Answer: D

55. Which of the following is NOT a valid conclusion one can make from this experiment?

A) Adding nitrogen improves growth over control conditions in all three years.

B) Rotating cultivation of pigeon peas with wheat creates the greatest growth in the third year

C) By the third year, the higher nitrogen treatment is no more effective than the lower amount.

D) The higher nitrogen treatment causes the greatest growth in the first year.

E) If utilizing the pigeon pea rotation in an actual wheat field you won't see effective results until the third year.

Answer: E

56. What conditions should be kept constant in all the pots.

A) Amount of light.

B) Amount of water added to each pot.

C) Temperature of each pot.

D) The type of soil used.

E) All of these should be constant

Answer: E

Essay Questions

57. It is generally accepted among biologists that all life forms existing today must have evolved from a single ancestral organism. What processes must this first life form have carried out and what structures, elements or molecules, must it have possessed in order to carry out those processes?

Answer:

Organization: would need an enclosing structure/compartments (membrane)

Homeostasis: enclosure must be permeable to life-sustaining elements/compounds

Energy utilization: would need necessary metabolic compounds

Adaptation/evolution: need an encoding molecule (DNA and/or RNA)

Reproduction: encoding molecule must be capable of replication for new cell

58. A student read in a botany book that some plants flower in response to the length of the day. In particular, long-day plants flower when days reach a critical length. The student noticed that the azaleas in his yard flower in early spring when the days are getting longer and decides to test to see if they are long-day plants. Design an experiment the student might use to test the hypothesis that azaleas are long day plants. State a formal hypothesis, describe a design for the experiment, and discuss the variables that will be manipulated. Also include a description of the control or controls that will be set up.

Answer:

Hypothesis-needs to be a statement that describes an observable expected outcome of the experiment

Design should include:

numerous specimens/treatments for verifiability a manipulated variable--in this case, different durations of light exposure (independent

variable) control--set of plants that are exposed to normal seasonal light exposure constants--answer should indicate an understanding of minimizing variables, e.g., keeping

temperature, moisture, soil type, nutrients, constant across all treatments. measurement--how will response be measured (dependent variable)--e.g. number of

flowers formed

Scientific methods:

1. A hypothesis:

a. is the first step in a scientific investigation.b. is based on what a scientist believes.c. is a possible question to a scientific answer.d. can be proved incorrect.

2. A scientific theorya. is based on lots of evidence.b. is a guess about how or why something happens.c. can never be altered or changed.d. none of the above

3. Which is the correct order in a scientific investigation?a. ask a question, test the hypothesis, communicate results, draw conclusionsb. make observations, ask a question, form a hypothesis, test the hypothesisc. draw conclusions, ask a question, form a hypothesis, test the hypothesisd. ask a question, make observations, test the hypothesis, draw conclusions

4. To test a hypothesis,a. a scientist first collects evidence.b. a scientist first draws conclusions.c. a scientist first makes a prediction.d. a scientist first makes observations.

5. An experimenta. is performed under controlled conditions.b. generally tests how one variable is affected by another.c. contributes important evidence that helps scientists better understand the natural world.d. all of the above

6. A field biologist who studies the behavior of birds in a rain forest most likely collectsdata througha. experimenting. b. modeling. c. observing. d. inferring.7. Constructing a graph is an example ofa. measuring. b. organizing data. c. observing. d. predicting.

8. Of the following steps in a scientific investigation, the last to be done is usuallya. experimenting.b. observing. c. hypothesis d.producing a model.9. A statement that explains observations and can be tested is calleda. a hypothesis. b. an inference. c. a theory. d. a model.10. A visual, verbal, or mathematical explanation that is supported by data is calleda. a hypothesis. b. an inference. c. a theory. d. a model.c. producing a model.

The biology:

1. The _________________ is a method of research in which a biological problem is identified, relevant data is gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is experimentally tested.

(A) Scientific Theory(B) Scientific Law(C) Biological Method(D) All Choices are correct 

2: The chemicals produced by microorganisms, which are capable of destroying or inhibiting the growth of another organism 

(A) Vaccines (B) Anti-Toxins(C) Both A and B (D) Antibiotics 

3: Planning to reduce plant diseases by applying different strategies methods is

termed as

(A) Hydroponics (B) Chemical control(C) Integrated disease management (D) Crop rotation

4: Treatment of disease with by with x-rays or other ionizing radiation is

(A) Chemotherapy (B) Radiotherapy(C) Gene therapy (D) All A, B and C

5: Red wood tree measuring over

(A) 400 feet in height (B) 200 meters in height(C) 300 feet in height (D) All choices are incorrect 

6: The reasoning from a specific set of observations to reach a general conclusion is called

(A) Inductive reasoning(B) Deductive reasoning(C) Both A and B (D) None of the above 

7: The branch of biology that deals with the function of nucleic acids and proteins, and especially their role in cell replication and the transmission of genetic information is 

(A) Micro-Biology (B) Environmental Biology(C) Molecular Biology (D) Parasitology 

8: The application of organisms, biological systems, or biological processes to manufacturing and servicing industries is called 

(A) Micro-Biology (B) Molecular Biology(C) Biotechnology (D) Social Biology

9: Amoebae are single-celled protozoa which reproduce bybinary fission, resulting in two offspring with identical genes. This is process of

(A) Natural cloning (B) Cell Transfer cloning(C) Artificial cloning (D) Both A and B 

10: A community along with its non living environment is called as 

(A) Habitat (B) Ecosystem(C) Ecological niche (D) All Choices are correct

11: The term Biology is of 

(A) Greek origin (B) Latin origin(C) English origin (D) German origin

12: The branch of Biology dealing with social behavior and communal life of human beings is

(A) Human Biology (B) Social Biology(C) Micro-Biology (D) Biotechnology 

13: All the living and non-living matter are formed of

(A) Atoms and sub-atomic particles (B) A.M.P, A.T.P, A.D.P(C) Cells and cell products (D) Organs and organelle

14: Deductive reasoning is always from

(A) Specific to general (B) Qualitative to Quantitative(C) General to specific (D) Tentative to exact 

15: In chemistry, a ________________ is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically

neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical bonds

(A) Proton (B) Neutron(C) Molecule(D) All options are incorrect 

16: It is the part of the Earth, including air, land, surface rocks, and water, within which life occurs. 

(A) Biosphere (B) Atmosphere(C) Lithosphere (D) Hydrosphere 

17: In biology a _________________ is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of same species. 

(A) Community (B) Biosphere(C) Population (D) Both A and B 

18: It is growing of plants without soil,

(A) Crop rotation (B) Hydrostatics(C) Hydroponics (D) All A, B and C

19: The period of time beginning 600 million years ago ending 270 million years ago; falls between the Proterozoic and Mesozoic Eras and is divided into the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian Periods.

(A) Azoic era (B) Paleozoic era(C) Cenozoic era (D) Jurassic era

20: The period of geologic time beginning 225 million years ago and ending 135 million years ago; the age of the dinosaurs and cycads, falls between the Paleozoic and Cenozoic Erasand includes the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous Periods is

(A) Proterozoic era 

(B) Azoic era(C) Tertiary era (D) Mesozoic era

21: The period of geologic time beginning after the end of the Mesozoic Era 70million years ago and encompassing the present. Commonly referred to as the age of mammals 

(A) Proterozoic era (B) Paleozoic era(C) Cenozoic era (D) Mesozoic era

22: Living together of two organisms belonging to different species is termed as

(A) Parasitism (B) Mutualism(C) Symbiosis (D) Commensalism

23: A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not affected.

(A) Parasitism (B) Mutualism(C) Commensalism (D) None of these

24: A form of symbiosis in which both species benefit.

(A) Parasitism (B) Mutualism(C) Commensalism (D) None of these 

25: A type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other, 

(A) Parasitism (B) Mutualism(C) Commensalism (D) None of these

26: Life emerges at the level of 

(A) Atom (B) Cell(C) Organ (D) Molecule

27: It can be defined as the use of natural enemies to reduce the damage caused by a pest population.

(A) Chemical control (B) Biological control(C) Chemotherapy (D) None of these 

28: The practice of growing several different crops on the same land in successive years or seasons to avoid pests and diseases is termed as

(A) Crop fixation (B) Crop rotation(C) Both a and b (D) None of these

29: The treatment of cancer using specific chemical agents or drugs that are selectively destructive to malignant cells and tissues. 

(A) Chemotherapy (B) Biological control(C) Radiotherapy (D) None of these

30: First living organisms originated 

(A) 2000 M years ago (B) 5000 M years ago(C) 3000 M years ago (D) 8000 M years ago

31. It is unbroken series of species arranged in ancestor to descendent sequence with rest of the groups evolved from the one that immediately preceded it. 

(A) Hierarchy (B) Systematics(C) Phyletic lineage(D) Nomenclature 

32: The technique of producing a genetically identical copy of an organism by replacing the nucleus of an unfertilized ovum with the nucleus of a body cell from the

organism is 

(A) Syngamy (B) Cloning(C) Both A and B (D) Allogamy 

33: The first antibiotic to be discovered was 

(A) Streptomycin (B) Neomycin(C) Penicillin (D) Chloromycetin

34: Antigens in the form of modified or inactivated or killed pathogens that raise immunity against actual pathogens.

(A) Antibiotics (B) Antibodies(C) Vaccines (D) None of these

35: Dolly sheep was cloned in

(A) 1993 (B) 1998(C) 1996 (D) 1999

36: Biological applications provide 

(A) Better health (B) Better food(C) Better environment (D) All Choices are correct

37: If bacteriophages specifically target and destroy cells of Escherichia coli in petri dishes, then they will do the same in laboratory mice that have been infected by that strain. This statement is referred to as

(A) Observation (B) Hypothesis(C) Modeling (D) Conclusion

38: The process of immunization by vaccination was first introduced by 

(A) Buchner (1897) (B) Euler (1932)(C) Edward Jenner (1795) (D) Fisher (1898)

39: All acellular, Eukaryotic organisms which are no longer classified as animals, plants or fungi are placed in Kingdom

(A) Monera (B) Protista(C) Fungi (D) Plantae

40: What is true for Natural Cloning?

(A) Asexual reproduction in plants and animal(B) Regeneration and wound healing.(C) Growth of tumor cells or cancers(D) All, A, B and C

Cell:

1. The cell theory states that:a. all living things are made up of cells.

b. living cells may come from other living cells.c. all living things remain single-celled.d. all of the above

2. Levels of organization of an individual organism includesa. the tissue.b. the population.c. the community.d. all of the above

3. Which is the best definition of "biology"?a. The science of living organisms.b. The study of humans and animals.c. The study of plants, humans, and animals.d. The science of life.

4. Homeostasis is:a. the ability to give rise to offspring.b. maintaining a stable internal environment.c. the ability to detect and respond to changes in their environment.

d. the ability to grow and develop.

5. Cellsa. are all unique; no two cells are similar.b. come from other cells, except for the very first cell of a new organism.c. are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.d. are all circular in shape

6. Organelles in prokaryotic cells include thea. mitochondria.b. cytoskeleton.c. Golgi complex.d. none of the above

7. A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is thata. prokaryotic cells have a flagellum.b. eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.c. prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm.d. eukaryotic cells have ribosomes.

8. Robert Hooke was the first person to observe cells. He observed these cells ina. a piece of cork.b. a slice of honeycomb.c. human blood.d. plaque from his own teeth.

9. Cell size is limited by the:a. amount of cytoplasm.b. cell’s ability to get rid of wastes.c. the size of the nucleus.d. the size of the plasma membrane.

10. All cells have the following:a. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.b. plasma membrane, nucleus, and DNA.c. DNA, ribosomes, and cell wall.d. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.

11. The first microscopes were made arounda. 1965.b. 1665.c. 1950.d. 1776.

12. The cell theory states that: a. all organisms are made of one or more cells.b. all cells come from already existing cells.c. all the life functions of organisms occur within cells.d. all of the above

13. The “power plant” of the cell is thea. nucleus.b. ribosome.c. chloroplast.d. mitochondria.

14. Which organelle ensures that after cell division each daughter cell has the correct number of chromosomes?a. the nucleusb. the endoplasmic reticulumc. the centrioled. the cytoskeleton

15. Structures specific in plant cells but not in animal cells includea. a large central vacuole.b. the mitochondria.c. the cell membrane.d. the cytoplasts.

16. Having tissues that digest food, such as in the jellyfish, is an example ofa. cell-level organization.b. tissue-level organization.c. organ-level organization.d. organ system-level organization.

17. The plasma membrane contains which of the following?a. phospholipidsb. cholesterol moleculesc. many proteinsd. all of the above

18. Which of the following is true of the nucleus?a. The nucleus is considered the control center of the cell.b. The nucleus contains all the cell’s DNA.c. All cells have a nucleus.d. all of the above

19. Which structure determines what molecules can enter and leave the cell?a. the plasma membraneb. the cell wallc. the nucleusd. all of the above

20. Which organelle may have allowed early eukaryotes to make food and produce oxygen?a. the Golgi apparatusb. the central vacuolec. the plastidsd. the cell wall

21. Controlling what enters and leaves the cell in an important function of thea. nucleus.b. vesicle.c. plasma membrane.d. Golgi apparatus.

22: Which one of following is true about chloroplast

(A) It is underground part(B) It helps in pollination(C) Self replicating organelle(D) Involve in Lipid synthesis

23: One of the following is not double membranous structure

(A) Mitochondrion(B) Vacuole(C) Chloroplast(D) Nucleus

24: Ribosomes are chemically composed of

(A) Protein(B) Only DNA(C) RNA(D) Both A + C

25. Which type of cell would probably be most appropriate to study chloroplasts

(A) Conducting cell(B) Photosynthetic cell(C) Pericycle cell(D) All options are correct

Q26: Cell wall consist of

(A) One main layer(B) Two main layers(C) Three main layers(D) Four main layers

27: Leucoplast are found

(A) Petals(B) Ripened fruits(C) Underground parts(D) Leaves

28: The intake of solid food by infloding of cell membrane is called

(A) Exocytosis(B) Pinocytosis(C) Phagocytosis(D) Both B and C

29: The structure within a cell that distinguishes the cell as being eukaryotic, and prokaryotic is

(A) Ribosomes(B) Cell membrane(C) Cell wall(D) Nucleus

30: Microtubules consist of helically stacked molecules of the protein

(A) Actin(B) Myosin(C) Keratin(D) Tubulin

31: The microfilaments composed of

(A) Actin protein(B) Gelatin protein(C) Keratin protein(D) Tubulin protein

32: Lysosomes have

(A) Single-layered membrane(B) Double-layered membrane(C) Three-layered membrane(D) No membrane

33: Which of the following are regularly assembled and disassembled during cell cycle.

(A) Microtubules(B) Intermediate filaments(C) Both A and B(D) None of these

34: Plant cell wall

(A) Provide rigidity to the cell(B) Maintains cell shape(C) Prevents expansion of cell(D) All A, B and C

35: In which organelle following reaction takes place

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (from sunlight) ---------> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

(A) Mitochondrion(B) Peroxisome(C) Chloroplast(D) Glyoxysome

36: The transport vesicles from the Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER) fuse with the _____________________ of the Golgi apparatus.

(A) Cis face(B) Trans face(C) Coated face(D) Both A and B

37: The door to your house is like the __________________ of a cell membrane?

(A) Phospholipid bilayer(B) Integral protein(C) Recognition protein(D) Peripheral protein

38: A semi permeable membrane is stretched across a chamber filled with water. The membrane is only permeable to water. 60 mg of salt is added to the left side of the chamber. Which of the following will happen?

(A) Water will move toward the right side(B) salt will move toward the right side(C) Water will move toward the left side(D) salt will move toward the left side

39: Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a

(A) Tight junction(B) Microtubule(C) Desmosome(D) Plasmodesma

40: What are the two faces of the Golgi body?

(A) Funny face and goofy face(B) Coated face and non-coated face(C) Saving face and loosing face(D) Cis face and Trans face

41: Adjacent plant cells are “cemented” together by

(A) Their primary walls(B) Their secondary walls(C) A middle lamella(D) Plasmodesmata

42: What is a microscope's ability to distinguish between separate objects that are close together?

(A) Magnification(B) Contrast(C) Resolving power(D) Scanning power

Biochemistry:

1. a. Water (H2O) is a(n)a. element.b. atom.c. compound.d. carbohydrate.

2. A process that changes some chemical substances into others is aa. chemical bond.b. chemical reaction.c. chemical equation.d. chemical formula.

3. The main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids isa. the amount of energy found in the fatty acid.b. saturated fatty acids are liquids.c. unsaturated fatty acids can be packed together very tightly.d. the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms.

4. The function of proteins can includea. helping cells keep their shape.b. helping to destroy foreign substances.c. speeding up biochemical reactions.d. all of the above

5. The characteristics of DNA includes which of the following?a. DNA is made of nucleotides consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a carbon base.b. DNA is made of a single polynucleotide chain, which winds into a double helix.c. DNA is how inherited characteristics are passed from one generation to the next.d. all of the above

6. Which category of organic compound is the major component of cell membranes?a. carbohydrateb. lipidc. proteind. nucleic acid

7. The cell wall of plants is made out ofa. starch.b. glycogen.c. cellulose.d. chitin.

8. The main element of organic compounds isa. hydrogen.b. oxygen.c. nitrogen.d. carbon.

9. A short segment of DNA that contains instructions for the development of a single trait of an organism is known as a: a. DNA loop. b. gene. c. library. d. membrane.1. Organic compounds containa. carbon and usually other elements.b. many kinds of elements except carbon.2. The number of covalent bonds a carbon atom can form with other atoms isa. 1. b. 2. c. 4. d. 8.3. A covalent bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons is called aa. single bond. b. double bond. c. triple bond. d. quadruple bond.4. The breakdown of a polymer involvesa. hydrolysis.b. a condensation reaction.5. ATP releases energy whena. it undergoes a condensation reaction.b. a hydroxyl group is added to it.c. a phosphate group is added to it.d. a phosphate group is removed from it.c. the breaking of hydrogen bonds.d. the breaking of ionic bonds.c. only carbon.d. only carbon and hydrogen

1. Glycogen, starch, and cellulose area. monosaccharides. b. disaccharides. c. polysaccharides. d. simple sugars.

2. The different shapes and functions of different proteins are determined bya. the R groups of the amino acidsthey contain.b. the amino groups of the amino acidsthey contain.c. the carboxyl groups of the amino acidsthey contain.d. whether or not they contain anyamino acids.3. Most enzymesa. are changed by the reactionsthey catalyze.b. increase the activation energy of thereactions they catalyze.c. strengthen the chemical bonds intheir substrate.d. are sensitive to changes in temperatureor pH.4. The large numbers of carbon-hydrogen bonds in lipidsa. make lipids polar.b. store more energy than the carbonoxygenbonds in other organiccompounds.c. Allow lipids to dissolve in water.d . are se sensitive to temperature.5. The most important function of nucleic acids isa. catalyzing chemical reactions.b. forming a barrier between theinside and outside of a cell.c. storing energy.d. storing information related to heredityand protein synthesis.c. allow lipids to dissolve in water.d. are found in the carboxyl group at theend of the lipid.c. strengthen the chemical bonds intheir substrate.d. are sensitive to changes in temperatureor pH.c. the carboxyl groups of the amino acidsthey contain.d. whether or not they contain anyamino acids. The branch of biology that deals with the study of in-organic and organic molecules that make up the body of a living organism is 

(A) Pharmacology (B) Biochemistry(C) Both A and B(D) Pharmaco-dynamics

Q:2: The six bio-elements that make up 98% of protoplasm are

(A) C, H, O, N, Mg+, K+ (B) C, H, O, N, Mg+, Na+ (C) C, H, O, N, Cl-, K+ (D) C, H, O, N, P, S

Q:3: What is shown in the diagram below

(A) Even Charge distribution (B) Uneven charge distribution (C) Polarity within Water molecule (D) Both B and C

Q:4: Atoms form bonds by

(A) Gaining of electrons (B) Losing of electrons(C) Sharing of electrons (D) All A, B and C

Q:5: If atoms of different elements combine, the molecule can also be called a

(A) Polymer 

(B) Monomer

(C) Compound 

(D) All choices are incorrect

Q:6: A _______________ occurs as bonds are formed or broken between atoms,

ions or molecules.

(A) Chemical reaction 

(B) Physical reaction

(C) Thermal reaction 

(D) None of the above 

Q:7: Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are called 

(A) Acids 

(B) Bases

(C) Amphoteric 

(D) All options are correct

Q:8: It is the most abundant compound in living organisms and makes up two-

thirds of the weight of adults.

(A) Protein 

(B) Water

(C) Carbohydrate 

(D) Nucleic acid 

Q:9: ATP releases energy when 

(A) It undergoes a condensation reaction 

(B) A hydroxyl group is added to it

(C) A phosphate group is added to it 

(D) A phosphate group is removed from it

Q:10: A fatty acid is a compound made of a chain of carbon atoms plus 

(A) An acid group at one end 

(B) Acid group at both ends

(C) An amino group 

(D) Amino group at both ends

Q:11: A bond that forms between a positively charged hydrogen atom of one

molecule and a negative charged region of another molecule is a(n) 

(A) Ionic bond 

(B) Hydrogen bond

(C) Covalent bond 

(D) Basic bond

Q:12: Dehydration and hydrolysis reactions involve removing or adding

___________to macromolecule subunits. 

(A) CH and NH2 

(B) C and H

(C) -COOH and H 

(D) OH and H

Q:13: A chemical "buffer"

(A) can donate a H+ when the solution becomes too basic

(B) can absorb a H+ when the solution becomes too acidic

(C) is utilized in living systems to maintain correct pH (D) All of the above are

correct

Q:14: Nucleotides have a nitrogenous base attached to a sugar at the 

(A) 1’ carbon 

(B) 3’ carbon

(C) 4’ carbon 

(D) 5’ carbon

Q:15: If three molecules of a fatty acid, each having the formula

C16H22COOH, were joined to a molecule of glycerol (C3H8O3), the resulting

molecule would have the formula

(A) C48H68O6

(B) C48H74O6

(C) C54H71O6 

(D) C54H68O9

Q:16: This aminoacid is called

(A) Glycine

(B) Alanine

(C) Leucine

(D) Valine

Q:17: Monosaccharides contain carbon atoms

(A) 3-7 

(B) 3-6

(C) 3-9 

(D) 3-10

Q:18: Stearin is

(A) Fatty acid 

(B) Saturated acylglycerol

(C) Unsaturated acylglycerol 

(D) None of these

Q:19: Energy absorbed to change water from liquid to gas is called

(A) Latent heat of fusion 

(B) High surface tension

(C) Heat of vaporization 

(D) High heat capacity 

Q:20: The sources of carbohydrates are green plants. These are primary

product of 

(A) Respiration 

(B) Catabolism

(C) Photosynthesis 

(D) All A, B and C

Q:21: It is most abundant carbohydrate in the nature 

(A) Glycogen 

(B) Chitin

(C) Lignin 

(D) Cellulose

Q:22: It is the most abundant organic component in living cells.

(A) Lipid 

(B) Carbohydrate

(C) Water 

(D) Protein

Q:23: Each of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids has a different 

(A) NH2 group 

(B) –COOH group

(C) R group 

(D) –OH group

Q:24: The sum of all the chemical reaction that occurs in the body is known as

(A) Anabolism 

(B) Metabolism

(C) Catabolism 

(D) Differentiation

Q:25: Which is an organic molecule

(A) H2O 

(B) H2SO4

(C) NO2 

(D) C6H12O6

Q:26: Which class of molecule is the major component of cell membrane 

(A) Phospholipid 

(B) Cellulose

(C) Wax 

(D) Triglyceride

Q:27: Peptide bonds are found in 

(A) Protein 

(B) Carbohydrate

(C) Lipids 

(D) Inorganic compounds

Q:28: Glycerol is the back bone molecule for

(A) Disaccharides 

(B) DNA

(C) Triglycerides 

(D) ATP

Q:29: When a protein undergoes a hydrolysis reaction the end-products are

(A) Amino acids 

(B) Monosaccharides

(C) Fatty acids 

(D) Nucleotides

Q:30: Which of the following is considered to be neutral

(A) Urine 

(B) Pure water

(C) Cytoplasm 

(D) HCL

Q:31: The functional group –COOH is 

(A) Acidic 

(B) Basic 

(C) Never ionized 

(D) All options are correct

Q:32: Which of these is an example of hydrolysis

(A) Amino acid + amino acid – Dipeptide + H2O

(B) Dipeptide + H2O—amino acid + amino acid

(C) Both A and B

(D) Neither of these is correct

Q:33: A fatty acid is unsaturated if it 

(A) Contains hydrogen 

(B) Contains double bonds

(C) Contains an acidic group 

(D) Bonds to glycogen

Q:34: A hormone is an example of which functional class of proteins. 

(A) Contractile 

(B) Structural

(C) Regulatory 

(D) Cyclic

Q:35: The Sugar found in RNA is

(A) Fructose 

(B) Galactose

(C) Deoxyribose 

(D) Ribose 

Q:36: Steroid are classified as

(A) Carbohydrates 

(B) Lipids

(C) Proteins 

(D) Nucleic acids

Q:37: Hemoglobin is an example of which functional class of protein

(A) Contractile 

(B) Structural

(C) Regulatory 

(D) Transportive

Q:38: In RNA the Nitrogen base that takes the place of thymine is 

(A) Adenine 

(B) Cytosine

(C) Uracil 

(D) Guanine 

Q:39: The Suffix that denotes a sugar is 

(A) ase 

(B) ose

(C) ide 

(D) amide

Q:40: Two different molecule belonging to different categories, usually

combine together to form

(A) Homomer molecule 

(B) Macro molecule

(C) Conjugated molecule 

(D) All options are correct

Q:41: It is an animal storage product that accumulates in the vertebrate liver

and muscles. 

(A) Cellulose 

(B) Chitin 

(C) Glycogen 

(D) Fructose

Q:42: Asymmetrical lipid molecules with a hydrophilic head and

a hydrophobic tail, with a phosphate group in place of one of the three fatty

acid chains. 

(A) Wax 

(B) Terpenoid

(C) Steroid 

(D) Phospholipid

Q:43: Triglycerides that are solid at room temperature.

(A) Fats 

(B) Oils

(C) Linoleic acid 

(D) None of these

Q:44: Triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature.

(A) Fats 

(B) Oils

(C) Stearin 

(D) All of these

Q:45: A chemical group composed of a central phosphorous bonded to four

oxygens. 

(A) Carbonyl group 

(B) Sulfhydryl group

(C) Carboxylic 

(D) Phosphate group

Q:46: Nucleic acids are polymers composed of monomerunits known as

(A) Amino acids 

(B) Nucleosides

(C) Nucleotides 

(D) Nitrogenous bases

Q:47: There are __________ nitrogenous bases.

(A) Four 

(B) Five

(C) Six 

(D) Three 

Q:48: The form of RNA that delivers information from DNA to be used in

making a protein is ________________. 

(A) messenger RNA 

(B) ribosomal RNA

(C) transfer RNA 

Q:49: RNA occurs in

(A) Nucleus 

(B) Cytoplasm

(C) Both A and B 

(D) Nucleoplam

Q:50: The monomer that makes up polysaccharides is

(A) Amino acids 

(B) Glucose

(C) Fatty acids 

(D) Glycerol

Q:51: Which of these is NOT a function of lipids?

(A) Long term energy storage 

(B) Structures in cells

(C) Sex hormones 

(D) Enzymes

Q:52: All living things use the same ___ amino acids.

(A) 4 

(B) 20

(C) 100

(D) 64

Q:53: Which of these is NOT a nucleotide base found in DNA?

(A) Uracil 

(B) Adenine

(C) Guanine; 

(D) Thymine

Q:54: ATP consists of the ____________________, ribosesugar, , and phosphate

group, PO4-2) plus two other phosphate groups. 

(A) Cytosine base 

(B) Guanine base

(C) Thymine base 

(D) Adenine base

Q:55: Membrane carbohydrates when linked to lipids are called

(A) Sphingolipids 

(B) Glycolipids

(C) Phospholipids 

(D) Sterols

Q:56: Lactose is present in 

(A) Sugar cane 

(B) Fruits

(C) Milk 

(D) Egg

Q:57: A disaccharide that gives two molecules of glucose on hydrolysis is

(A) Sucrose 

(B) Lactose

(C) Maltose 

(D) None of these

Q:58: In sugar cane and sugar beet, the storage product is

(A) Maltose 

(B) Sucrose

(C) Lactose 

(D) Isomaltose

Q:59: One molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose form

(A) Maltose 

(B) Sucrose

(C) Lactose 

(D) Isomaltose

Q:60: Nucleic acids are related with

(A) Respiration 

(B) Photosynthesis

(C) Heredity 

(D) None of these

Q:61: Waxes from protective coating on

(A) Leaves 

(B) Fruits 

(C) Animal’s skin 

(D) All of these

Q:62: The four nitrogenous bases which form the code words for DNA

language are 

(A) ACTU 

(B) UTAC

(C) AGTU 

(D) AGCT

Q:63: DNA and RNA differ in

(A) Sugar only 

(B) Sugar and purines

(C) Sugar and pyrimindines 

(D) Sugar & phosphate

Q:64: A bond formed between carboxylic acid and alcohol is

(A) Ester bond

(B) Amide bond

(C) Phosphate bond 

(D) Ionic bond

Q:65: When amino acids in a polypeptide chain are arranged in spiral manner,

it is called

(A) Primary structure 

(B) Secondary structure

(C) Tertiary structure 

(D) Quaternary structure

Q:66: The step of protein synthesis in which the information contained specific

segment of DNA is copied into RNA is called

(A) Transduction 

(B) Translation

(C) Transformation 

(D) Transcription

Q:67: Choose the pair of terms that completes this sentence

Nucleotides are to __________as ____________ are proteins.

(A) Aminoacids______Polypeptides 

(B) Genes _______ Enzymes

(C) Nucleic acids _____ Amino acids 

(D) Polymers _____ Peptides

Q:68: Which of these terms includes all others in the list

(A) Nucleic acid 

(B) Purine

(C) Nucleotide 

(D) Nitrogenous base

Q:69 The compounds made up of simple repeating isoprenoid units are called

(A) Neutral lipids 

(B) Terpenoids

(C) Waxes 

(D) All of these

Q:70: The term Protein was coined by

(A) Berzelius 

(B) G.J. Murlder

(C) Bloor 

(D) T.H. Morgan

Q:71: Water molecule has characteristics of

(A) Acid 

(B) Base 

(C) Both acid and base 

(D) None of these

Q:72: The amount of heat must be absorbed or lost by 1g of that substance to

change its temperature by 1 C°

(A) Specific heat 

(B) Heat of vaporization

(C) Both A and B 

(D) None of these

Q:73: During the conversion of ATP into ADP __________ energy is released.

(A) 31.81 KJ / mole 

(B) 7.3 K.Cal / mole

(C) 61.8 KJ / mole 

(D) Both A and B.

Q:74: Molecular formula of Stearin fat is

(A) C57 H110 O6 

(B) C57 H98 O6

(C) C57 H104 O8 

(D) C57 H104 O6

Q:75: The carbohydrate molecule which yield 2 to 10 monosaccharide

molecules on hydrolysis are

(A) Polysaccharides 

(B) Oligosaccharides

(C) Monosaccharides 

(D) Heterosaccharides

Q:76: It is estimated that a person of average size contains 16 Kg of fat which

is equivalent to

(A) 244000 K.Cal of energy 

(B) 164000 K.Cal of energy

(C) 144000 K.Cal of energy 

(D) 188000 K.Cal of energy

Q:77: The four interconnected rings of steroid molecule have total

(A) 12 carbon 

(B) 15 carbon

(C) 16 carbon

(D) 17 carbon

Q:78: ATP is an example of

(A) Mononucleotide 

(B) Dinucleotide

(C) Polynucleotide 

(D) None of these

Q:79: The process of making a polypeptide sequence from thegenetic

code of mRNA molecule associated with a ribosomes termed as

(A) Transduction 

(B) Translation

(C) Transformation 

(D) Transcription

Q:80: NAD is an example of

(A) Mononucleotide 

(B) Dinucleotide

(C) Coenzyme 

(D) Both B and C

Biology:

10. Biology is the study ofa. animals. b. plants and animals c. all living things. d. energy transfer. 11. A “tree of life” explainsa. how organisms are related to each other.b. how organisms differ from each other.c. the lineages of various organisms.d. All of the above12. Which of the following is NOT an important unifying theme in biology?a. the diversity and unity of lifeb. the relationship between organisms and societyc. the interdependence of living organismsd. the evolution of life13. An example of a domain isa. Animalia. b. Protista. c. Fungi. d. Eukarya.4. A trait that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce is a(n)a. mutation. b. natural selection c. adaptation. d. domain.14. Which of the following statements is true?a. Destruction of rain forests has no effect on living things.b. Destruction of rain forests increases the rate of evolution of rainforest organisms.c. Humans have had no impact on the world’s environment.d. Humans have had a large impact on the world’s environment.