caso de eutanasia lambert and others v. france

8/8/2019 Caso de Eutanasia Lambert and Others v. France

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GRAND CHAMBER

CASE OF LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE

(Application no. 46043/14)

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

5 June 2015

This judgment is final but may be subject to editoial e!ision.


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LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT 1

In the case of Lambert and Others v. France

The Europen Cour! o" Hu#n R$%h!&' &$!!$n% & Grn( Ch#)er

*o#po&e( o"+Den Sp$e,#nn' "esident#Gu$(o R$#on($'Mr- $,,$%er'/&)e,,e Berro'hn,r H$ev'J3n 4$-u!'Geor%e N$*o,ou'

Non T&o!&or$'$n*en! A. De Ge!no'An%e,$- Nu)er%er'

L$no&6A,e7n(re S$*$,$no&'Er$- M8&e'An(r9 :o!o*-$'He,en J;(er),o#'A,e< :e*h,',er$u Gr$=*o'E%$($u& >r$&' judges#

n( Er$- Fr$)er%h' $egista#Hv$n% (e,$)er!e( $n pr$v!e on ? Jnur n( 2@ Apr$, 2015'De,$ver& !he "o,,o$n% u(%#en!' h$*h & (op!e( on !he

,&!6#en!$one( (!e+

:ROCEDURE

1. The *&e or$%$n!e( $n n pp,$*!$on no. 0@1 %$n&! !heFren*h Repu),$* ,o(%e( $!h !he Cour! un(er Ar!$*,e @ o" !he Conven!$on"or !he :ro!e*!$on o" Hu#n R$%h!& n( Fun(#en!, Free(o#& !heConven!$on ) "our Fren*h n!$on,&' Mr :$erre L#)er! n( Mr& $v$neL#)er!' Mr Dv$( :h$,$ppon n( Mr& Anne TurIe !he pp,$*n!&' on2@ June 201.

2. The pp,$*n!& ere repre&en!e( ) Mr J. :$,,o!' ,er pr*!$&$n%$n S!r&)our%' n( Mr J. Tr$o#phe' ,er pr*!$&$n% $n :r$&. The Fren*hGovern#en! !he Govern#en! ere repre&en!e( ) !he$r A%en!'Mr F. A,)rune' D$re*!or o" Le%, A""$r& ! !he M$n$&!r o" Fore$%n A""$r&.

@. The pp,$*n!& ,,e%e(' $n pr!$*u,r' !h! !he $!h(r, o" $n*en!L#)er!& r!$"$*$, nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on ou,( )e $n )re*h o" !he S!!e&o),$%!$on& un(er Ar!$*,e 2 o" !he Conven!$on' ou,( *on&!$!u!e $,,6!re!#en!#oun!$n% !o !or!ure $!h$n !he #en$n% o" Ar!$*,e @ o" !he Conven!$on n(


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2 LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT

ou,( $n"r$n%e h$& ph&$*, $n!e%r$!' $n )re*h o" Ar!$*,e K o" !heConven!$on.

. The pp,$*!$on & &&$%ne( !o !he F$"!h Se*!$on o" !he Cour!Ru,e 52 1 o" !he Ru,e& o" Cour!. On 2 June 201 !he re,evn! Ch#)er (e*$(e( !o pp, Ru,e @ o" !he Ru,e& o" Cour!' !o %$ve no!$*e o" !hepp,$*!$on !o !he Govern#en! n( !o %rn! $! pr$or$!.

5. On Nove#)er 201 Ch#)er o" !he F$"!h Se*!$on *o#po&e( o" Mr- $,,$%er' :re&$(en!' An%e,$- Nu)er%er' Bo

u(%e&' n( S!ephen :h$,,$p&' Se*!$on Re%$&!rr' re,$nPu$&he( ur$&($*!$on $n"vour o" !he Grn( Ch#)er' ne$!her o" !he pr!$e& hv$n% o)e*!e( !ore,$nPu$&h#en! Ar!$*,e @0 o" !he Conven!$on n( Ru,e ?2.

. The *o#po&$!$on o" !he Grn( Ch#)er & (e!er#$ne( **or($n% !o

!he prov$&$on& o" Ar!$*,e 2 n( 5 o" !he Conven!$on n( Ru,e 2.?. The pp,$*n!& n( !he Govern#en! e*h "$,e( r$!!en o)&erv!$on& on

!he (#$&&$)$,$! n( #er$!& o" !he *&e.K. O)&erv!$on& ere ,&o re*e$ve( "ro# R*he, L#)er!' FrnQo$&

L#)er! n( Mr$e6Genev$ve L#)er!' !he $"e' nephe n( h,"6&$&!er re&pe*!$ve, o" $n*en! L#)er!' n( "ro# !he N!$on, Un$on o" A&&o*$!$on& o" He( /nur n( Br$n D#%e $*!$#& F#$,$e&UNAFTC' !he &&o*$!$on A#r9&o6Be!he, n( !he Hu#n R$%h!& C,$n$* o" !he /n!ern!$on, /n&!$!u!e o" Hu#n R$%h!&' !o ,, o" ho# !he :re&$(en!h( %$ven ,eve !o $n!ervene & !h$r( pr!$e& $n !he r$!!en pro*e(ureAr!$*,e @ 2 o" !he Conven!$on n( Ru,e @ . R*he, L#)er!'FrnQo$& L#)er! n( Mr$e6Genev$ve L#)er! ere ,&o %$ven ,eve !o!-e pr! $n !he her$n%.

. A her$n% !oo- p,*e $n pu),$* $n !he Hu#n R$%h!& Bu$,($n%'S!r&)our%' on ? Jnur 2015 Ru,e 5 @.

There ppere( )e"ore !he Cour!+

fo the %o!enment Mr F. ALABRUNE' D$re*!or o" Le%, A""$r&'M$n$&!r o" Fore$%n A""$r& n( /n!ern!$on,

Deve,op#en!' Agent 'M& E. JUNG' Dr"!$n% O""$*er' Hu#n R$%h!&Se*!$on' M$n$&!r o" Fore$%n A""$r& n(/n!ern!$on, Deve,op#en!'Mr R. FRAL' Dr"!$n% O""$*er' Hu#n R$%h!&Se*!$on' M$n$&!r o" Fore$%n A""$r& n(/n!ern!$on, Deve,op#en!'M& S. R /DEAU' A(v$&er' Le%, A""$r& D$re*!or!e'M$n$&!r o" So*$, A""$r&' He,!h n( o#en& R$%h!&'


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LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT @

M& /. ERN' Le%, A(v$&er' U&er& R$%h!&'Le%, n( E!h$*, A""$r& D$v$&$on' M$n$&!r

o" So*$, A""$r&' He,!h n( o#en& R$%h!&'M& :. R OUAULT6CHAL/ER ' Depu! D$re*!or o" L$!$%!$on n( Le%, A""$r&' M$n$&!ro" Ju&!$*e'M& M. LAMBL/NG' Dr"!$n% O""$*er' /n($v$(u,R$%h!& n( F#$, L O""$*e' M$n$&!r o" Ju&!$*e' Ad!isesV

) fo the applicantsMr J. :A/LLOT' Ler'Mr J. TR/OM:HE' Ler' &ounsel 'Mr G. :U::/NC '

:ro".W. DUCROCX'Dr B. JEANBLANC' Ad!isesV

* fo $achel 'ambet# thidpaty inte!ene Mr L. :ETT/T/' Ler' &ounsel 'Dr O:ORTUS'Dr S/MON' Ad!ises

( fo *an+ois and ,aie%ene!i-!e 'ambet#thidpaty inte!enes Mr M. MUN/ER 6A:A/RE' Me#)er o" !he

&onseil dtat n( !he Cour! o" C&&!$on Br'Mr B. LOR/T' Ler' Ad!ises.

The pp,$*n!&' $!h !he e7*ep!$on o" !he "$r&! pp,$*n!' ,&o !!en(e(' &($( R*he, L#)er!' FrnQo$& L#)er! n( Mr$e6Genev$ve L#)er!'!h$r(6pr! $n!ervener&.

The Cour! her( ((re&&e& ) Mr A,)rune' Mr :$,,o!' Mr Tr$o#phe' Mr Mun$er6Ap$re n( Mr :e!!$!$' & e,, & !he n&er& %$ven ) Mr A,)runen( Mr :$,,o! !o !he Pue&!$on& pu! ) one o" !he u(%e&.

THE FACTS

/. THE C/RCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE

10. The pp,$*n!&' ho re ,, Fren*h n!$on,&' re Mr :$erre L#)er!n( h$& $"e Mr& $v$ne L#)er!' ho ere )orn $n 12 n( 15re&pe*!$ve, n( ,$ve $n Re$#&' Mr Dv$( :h$,$ppon' ho & )orn $n 1?1n( ,$ve& $n Mour#e,on' n( Mr& Anne TurIe' ho & )orn $n 1?K n(


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LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT

,$ve& $n M$,$I*. The re !he pren!&' h,"6)ro!her n( &$&!er re&pe*!$ve,o" $n*en! L#)er!' ho & )orn on 20 Sep!e#)er 1?.

11. $n*en! L#)er! &u&!$ne( &er$ou& he( $nur$e& $n ro(6!r""$***$(en! on 2 Sep!e#)er 200K' h$*h ,e"! h$# !e!rp,e%$* n( $n &!!e o" *o#p,e!e (epen(en*. A**or($n% !o !he e7per! #e($*, repor! or(ere( ) !he&onseil dtat on 1 Fe)rur 201' he $& $n *hron$* ve%e!!$ve &!!e &ee

pr%rph 0 )e,o.12. Fro# Sep!e#)er 200K !o Mr*h 200 he & ho&p$!,$&e( $n !he

re&u&*$!!$on $n%' n( &u)&ePuen!, !he neuro,o% r(' o" ChY,on&6en6Ch#p%ne Ho&p$!,. Fro# Mr*h !o June 200 he & *re("or $n !he he,$o!herp *en!re $n Ber*-6&ur6Mer' )e"ore )e$n% #ove( on2@ June 200 !o !he un$! $n Re$#& Un$ver&$! Ho&p$!, prov$($n% "o,,o6upn( reh)$,$!!$ve *re !o p!$en!& $n ve%e!!$ve or #$n$#,, *on&*$ou&

&!!e' here he re#$n& !o (!e. The un$! **o##o(!e& e$%h! p!$en!&.$n*en! L#)er! re*e$ve& r!$"$*$, nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on h$*h $&(#$n$&!ere( en!er,,' !h! $&' v$ %&!r$* !u)e.

1@. /n Ju, 2011 $n*en! L#)er! & &&e&&e( ) &pe*$,$&e( un$! o" L$%e Un$ver&$! Ho&p$!,' !he Co# S*$en*e Group' h$*h *on*,u(e( !h!he & $n *hron$* neuro6ve%e!!$ve &!!e *hr*!er$&e( & #$n$#,,*on&*$ou& p,u&. /n ,$ne $!h !he re*o##en(!$on& o" !he Co# S*$en*eGroup he re*e$ve( ($, &e&&$on& o" ph&$o!herp "ro# Sep!e#)er 2011 !o!he en( o" O*!o)er 2012' h$*h $e,(e( no re&u,!&. He ,&o re*e$ve( K?&pee*h n( ,n%u%e !herp &e&&$on& )e!een Mr*h n( Sep!e#)er 2012'$n n un&u**e&&"u, !!e#p! !o e&!),$&h *o(e o" *o##un$*!$on. A!!e#p!&ere ,&o #(e !o &$! !he p!$en! $n hee,*h$r.

A. F!rst dec!s!on ta"en #nder the Act of $$ A%r!& $''(

1. A& $n*en! L#)er!& *rer& h( o)&erve( $n*re&$n% &$%n& $n 2012o" h! !he )e,$eve( !o )e re&$&!n*e on h$& pr! !o ($, *re' !he #e($*,!e# $n$!$!e( $n er, 201@ !he *o,,e*!$ve pro*e(ure prov$(e( "or ) !he A*!o" 22 Apr$, 2005 on p!$en!& r$%h!& n( en(6o"6,$"e $&&ue& &ee pr%rph 5

)e,o. R*he, L#)er!' !he p!$en!& $"e' & $nvo,ve( $n !he pro*e(ure.15. The pro*e(ure re&u,!e( $n (e*$&$on ) Dr r$%er' !he (o*!or $n

*hr%e o" $n*en! L#)er! n( he( o" !he (epr!#en! $n h$*h he $&ho&p$!,$&e(' !o $!h(r !he p!$en!& nu!r$!$on n( re(u*e h$& h(r!$on.The (e*$&$on & pu! $n!o e""e*! on 10 Apr$, 201@.

B. In)#nct!on of ** Ma+ $'*,

1. On M 201@ !he pp,$*n!& pp,$e( !o !he ur%en!6pp,$*!$on& u(%e o" !he ChY,on&6en6Ch#p%ne A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour! on !he )&$& o" Ar!$*,e L. 52162 o" !he A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour!& Co(e ur%en! pp,$*!$on "or

pro!e*!$on o" "un(#en!, "ree(o# f libet' &ee-$n% n $nun*!$on


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or(er$n% !he ho&p$!,' &u)e*! !o *oer*$ve "$ne' !o re&u#e "ee($n% n(h(r!$n% $n*en! L#)er! nor#,, n( !o prov$(e h$# $!h h!ever *re

h$& *on($!$on rePu$re(.1?. /n n or(er (!e( 11 M 201@ !he ur%en!6pp,$*!$on& u(%e %rn!e(

!he$r rePue&!&. The u(%e he,( !h!' &$n*e no (vn*e ($re*!$ve& h( )een(rn up ) $n*en! L#)er!' n( $n !he )&en*e o" per&on o" !ru&! $!h$n!he #en$n% o" !he re,evn! prov$&$on& o" !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e' !he*o,,e*!$ve pro*e(ure &hou,( )e *on!$nue( $!h h$& "#$,' (e&p$!e !he "*!!h! !he ,!!er & ($v$(e( & !o h! &hou,( )e*o#e o" !he p!$en!. The

u(%e no!e( !h!' h$,e $n*en! L#)er!& $"e h( )een $nvo,ve( $n !he pro*e(ure' $! & *,er "ro# e7#$n!$on o" !he *&e !h! h$& pren!& h( no! )een $n"or#e( !h! $! h( )een pp,$e(' n( !h! !he (e*$&$on !o $!h(rnu!r$!$on n( ,$#$! h(r!$on' !he n!ure o" n( re&on& "or h$*h h( no!

)een ($&*,o&e( !o !he#' h( no! re&pe*!e( !he$r $&he&.1K. The u(%e he,( **or($n%, !h! !he&e pro*e(ur, &hor!*o#$n%&

#oun!e( !o &er$ou& n( #n$"e&!, un,"u, )re*h o" "un(#en!,"ree(o#' n#e, !he r$%h! !o re&pe*! "or ,$"e' n( or(ere( !he ho&p$!, !ore&u#e "ee($n% n( h(r!$n% $n*en! L#)er! nor#,, n( !o prov$(e h$#$!h h!ever *re h$& *on($!$on rePu$re(.

C. Second dec!s!on ta"en #nder the Act of $$ A%r!& $''(

1. /n Sep!e#)er 201@ "re&h *o,,e*!$ve pro*e(ure & $n$!$!e(.

Dr r$%er *on&u,!e( &$7 (o*!or&' $n*,u($n% !hree "ro# ou!&$(e !he ho&p$!, neuro,o%$&!' *r($o,o%$&! n( n ne&!he!$&! $!h e7per$en*e $n p,,$!$ve #e($*$ne *ho&en ) $n*en! L#)er!& pren!&' h$& $"e n( !he#e($*, !e# re&pe*!$ve,. He ,&o h( re%r( !o r$!!en *on!r$)u!$on "ro# (o*!or $n *hr%e o" &pe*$,$&e( e7!en(e( *re "*$,$! $!h$n nur&$n%ho#e.

20. Dr r$%er ,&o *onvene( !o #ee!$n%& $!h !he "#$,' on2? Sep!e#)er n( 1 Nove#)er 201@' h$*h ere !!en(e( ) $n*en!L#)er!& $"e n( pren!& n( h$& e$%h! &$),$n%&. R*he, L#)er! n( &$7o" !he e$%h! )ro!her& n( &$&!er& &po-e $n "vour o" ($&*on!$nu$n% r!$"$*$,nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on' h$,e !he pp,$*n!& ere $n "vour o" #$n!$n$n%

$!. 21. On De*e#)er 201@ Dr r$%er *,,e( #ee!$n% o" ,, !he (o*!or&n( ,#o&! ,, !he #e#)er& o" !he *re !e#. Fo,,o$n% !h! #ee!$n%Dr r$%er n( "$ve o" !he &$7 (o*!or& *on&u,!e( &!!e( !h! !he ere $n"vour o" $!h(r$n% !re!#en!.

22. On *on*,u&$on o" !he *on&u,!!$on pro*e(ure Dr r$%er nnoun*e(on 11 Jnur 201 h$& $n!en!$on !o ($&*on!$nue r!$"$*$, nu!r$!$on n(h(r!$on on 1@ Jnur' &u)e*! !o n pp,$*!$on !o !he (#$n$&!r!$ve*our!. H$& (e*$&$on' *o#pr$&$n% re&one( !h$r!een6p%e repor!' &even6p%e &u##r o" h$*h & re( ou! !o !he "#$,' o)&erve( $n


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pr!$*u,r !h! $n*en! L#)er!& *on($!$on & *hr*!er$&e( ) $rrever&$),e )r$n (#%e n( !h! !he !re!#en! ppere( !o )e "u!$,e n(

($&propor!$on!e n( !o hve no o!her e""e*! !hn !o &u&!$n ,$"e r!$"$*$,,.A**or($n% !o !he repor!' !he (o*!or h( no (ou)! !h! $n*en! L#)er! h(no! $&he(' )e"ore h$& **$(en!' !o ,$ve un(er &u*h *on($!$on&. Dr r$%er *on*,u(e( !h! pro,on%$n% !he p!$en!& ,$"e ) *on!$nu$n% !o !re! h$# $!hr!$"$*$, nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on #oun!e( !o unre&on),e o)&!$n*.

D. Adm!n!strat!ve Co#rt )#d-ment of * /an#ar+ $'*0

2@. On 1@ Jnur 201 !he pp,$*n!& #(e "ur!her ur%en! pp,$*!$on!o !he ChY,on&6en6Ch#p%ne A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour! "or pro!e*!$on o" "un(#en!, "ree(o# un(er Ar!$*,e L. 52162 o" !he A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour!&Co(e' &ee-$n% n $nun*!$on proh$)$!$n% !he ho&p$!, n( !he (o*!or *on*erne( "ro# $!h(r$n% $n*en! L#)er!& nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on n(n or(er "or h$& $##e($!e !rn&"er !o &pe*$,$&e( e7!en(e( *re "*$,$! $nO)erhu&)er%en run ) !he &&o*$!$on A#r9&o6Be!he, &ee pr%rph K)ove. R*he, L#)er! n( FrnQo$& L#)er!' $n*en! L#)er!& nephe'$n!ervene( $n !he pro*ee($n%& & !h$r( pr!$e&.

2. The A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour!' &$!!$n% & "u,, *our! o" n$ne u(%e&' he,( her$n% on 15 Jnur 201. /n u(%#en! o" 1 Jnur 201 $!&u&pen(e( !he $#p,e#en!!$on o" Dr r$%er& (e*$&$on o" 11 Jnur 201.

25. The A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour! )e%n ) o)&erv$n% !h! Ar!$*,e 2 o" !he

Conven!$on ($( no! preven! S!!e& "ro# #-$n% prov$&$on "or $n($v$(u,& !oo)e*! !o po!en!$,, ,$"e6pro,on%$n% !re!#en!. /! ,$-e$&e ($( no! preven!!he (o*!or $n *hr%e o" p!$en! ho & un),e !o e7pre&& h$& or her $&he& n( ho&e !re!#en! !he (o*!or *on&$(ere(' "!er $#p,e#en!$n% &er$e& o" &"e%ur(&' !o #oun! !o unre&on),e o)&!$n*' "ro#$!h(r$n% !h! !re!#en!' &u)e*! !o &uperv$&$on ) !he Me($*, Coun*$,'!he ho&p$!,& e!h$*& *o##$!!ee' here pp,$*),e' n( !he (#$n$&!r!$ven( *r$#$n, *our!&.

2. The A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour! en! on !o "$n( !h! $! & *,er "ro# !here,evn! prov$&$on& o" !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e' & #en(e( "o,,o$n% !heA*! o" 22 Apr$, 2005 n( & e,u*$(!e( ) !he pr,$#en!r pro*ee($n%&'

!h! r!$"$*$, en!er, nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on Z h$*h ere &u)e*!' ,$-e#e($*!$on' !o !he ($&!r$)u!$on #onopo, he,( ) phr#*$e&' ere (e&$%ne(!o &upp, &pe*$"$* nu!r$en!& !o p!$en!& $!h $#p$re( "un*!$on& n( rePu$re(re*our&e !o $nv&$ve !e*hn$Pue& !o (#$n$&!er !he# Z *on&!$!u!e( "or# o" !re!#en!.

2?. O)&erv$n% !h! Dr r$%er& (e*$&$on h( )een )&e( on !he $&hppren!, e7pre&&e( ) $n*en! L#)er! no! !o )e -ep! ,$ve $n h$%h,(epen(en! &!!e' n( !h! !he ,!!er h( no! (rn up n (vn*e ($re*!$ve&or (e&$%n!e( per&on o" !ru&!' !he A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour! "oun( !h! !hev$e& he h( *on"$(e( !o h$& $"e n( one o" h$& )ro!her& h( )een !ho&e o"


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LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT ?

he,!h $n($v$(u, ho h( no! )een "*e( $!h !he $##e($!e*on&ePuen*e& o" h$& $&he&' n( h( no! *on&!$!u!e( !he "or#,

#n$"e&!!$on o" n e7pre&& $&h' $rre&pe*!$ve o" h$& pro"e&&$on, e7per$en*e$!h p!$en!& $n &$#$,r &$!u!$on. The *our! "ur!her "oun( !h! !he "*! !h!$n*en! L#)er! h( h( *on",$*!u, re,!$on&h$p $!h h$& pren!&' &$n*e he($( no! &hre !he$r #or, v,ue& n( re,$%$ou& *o##$!#en!' ($( no! #en!h! he *ou,( )e *on&$(ere( !o hve e7pre&&e( *,er $&h !o re"u&e ,,"or#& o" !re!#en!' n( ((e( !h! no unePu$vo*, *on*,u&$on & !o h$&(e&$re or o!her$&e !o )e -ep! ,$ve *ou,( )e (rn "ro# h$& ppren!re&$&!n*e !o !he *re prov$(e(. The A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour! he,( !h!Dr r$%er h( $n*orre*!, &&e&&e( $n*en! L#)er!& $&he&.

2K. The A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour! ,&o no!e( !h!' **or($n% !o !he repor!(rn up $n 2011 ) L$%e Un$ver&$! Ho&p$!, &ee pr%rph 1@ )ove'

$n*en! L#)er! & $n #$n$#,, *on&*$ou& &!!e' $#p,$n% !he*on!$nu$n% pre&en*e o" e#o!$on, per*ep!$on n( !he e7$&!en*e o" po&&$),ere&pon&e& !o h$& &urroun($n%&. A**or($n%,' !he (#$n$&!er$n% o" r!$"$*$,nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on & no! $#e( ! -eep$n% h$# ,$ve r!$"$*$,,.L&!,' !he *our! *on&$(ere( !h!' & ,on% & !he !re!#en! ($( no! *u&e n&!re&& or &u""er$n%' $! *ou,( no! )e *hr*!er$&e( & "u!$,e or ($&propor!$on!e./! !here"ore he,( !h! Dr r$%er& (e*$&$on h( *on&!$!u!e( &er$ou& n(#n$"e&!, un,"u, )re*h o" $n*en! L#)er!& r$%h! !o ,$"e. /! $&&ue( nor(er &u&pen($n% !he $#p,e#en!!$on o" !he (e*$&$on h$,e ree*!$n% !herePue&! "or !he p!$en! !o )e !rn&"erre( !o !he &pe*$,$&e( e7!en(e( *re"*$,$! $n O)erhu&)er%en.

E. Conseil d’État r#&!n- of *0 Febr#ar+ $'*0

2. /n !hree pp,$*!$on& ,o(%e( on @1 Jnur 201 R*he, L#)er!'FrnQo$& L#)er! n( Re$#& Un$ver&$! Ho&p$!, ppe,e( %$n&! !h!

u(%#en! !o !he ur%en!6pp,$*!$on& u(%e o" !he &onseil dtat . Thepp,$*n!& ,o(%e( *ro&&6ppe,' rePue&!$n% $n*en! L#)er!& $##e($!e!rn&"er !o !he &pe*$,$&e( e7!en(e( *re "*$,$!. The N!$on, Un$on o" A&&o*$!$on& o" He( /nur n( Br$n D#%e $*!$#& F#$,$e&UNAFTC' &ee pr%rph K )ove &ou%h! ,eve !o $n!ervene & !h$r(

pr!.@0. A! !he her$n% on !he ur%en! pp,$*!$on he,( on Fe)rur 201 !he:re&$(en! o" !he Ju($*$, D$v$&$on o" !he &onseil dtat (e*$(e( !o re"er !he*&e !o !he "u,, *our!' &$!!$n% & &even!een6#e#)er Ju($*$, A&&e#),.

@1. The her$n% )e"ore !he "u,, *our! !oo- p,*e on 1@ Fe)rur 201. /nh$& &u)#$&&$on& !o !he &onseil dtat ' !he pu),$* rppor!eur *$!e(' inte alia'!he re#r-& #(e ) !he M$n$&!er o" He,!h !o !he #e#)er& o" !he Sen!ee7#$n$n% !he )$,, -non & !he Leone!!$ )$,,+


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K LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT

h$,e !he *! o" $!h(r$n% !re!#en! ... re&u,!& $n (e!h' !he $n!en!$on )eh$n( !he*! [$& no! !o -$,,V $! $&\ !o ,,o (e!h !o re&u#e $!& n!ur, *our&e n( !o re,$eve&u""er$n%. Th$& $& pr!$*u,r, $#por!n! "or *re &!""' ho&e ro,e $& no! !o !-e ,$"e.

@2. The &onseil dtat (e,$vere( $!& ru,$n% on 1 Fe)rur 201. A"!er o$n$n% !he pp,$*!$on& n( %rn!$n% UNAFTC ,eve !o $n!ervene' !he&onseil dtat (e"$ne( $n !he "o,,o$n% !er#& !he ro,e o" !heur%en!6pp,$*!$on& u(%e *,,e( upon !o ru,e on !he )&$& o" Ar!$*,e L. 52162o" !he A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour!& Co(e+

Un(er [Ar!$*,e L. 52162\' !he ur%en!6pp,$*!$on& u(%e o" !he (#$n$&!r!$ve *our!'hen her$n% n pp,$*!$on o" !h$& -$n( u&!$"$e( ) pr!$*u,r ur%en*' # or(er n#e&ure& ne*e&&r !o &"e%ur( "un(#en!, "ree(o# ,,e%e(, )re*he( $n &er$ou& n( #n$"e&!, un,"u, #nner ) n (#$n$&!r!$ve u!hor$!. The&e,e%$&,!$ve prov$&$on& *on"er on !he ur%en!6pp,$*!$on& u(%e' ho nor#,, (e*$(e&

,one n( ho or(er& #e&ure& o" n $n!er$# n!ure $n **or(n*e $!h Ar!$*,e L. 51161 o" !he A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour!& Co(e' !he poer !o or(er' $!hou! (e, n( on !he )&$& o" ]p,$n n( o)v$ou& !e&!' !he ne*e&&r #e&ure& !o pro!e*! "un(#en!,"ree(o#&.

Hoever' !he ur%en!6pp,$*!$on& u(%e #u&! e7er*$&e h$& or her poer& $n pr!$*u,r hen her$n% n pp,$*!$on un(er Ar!$*,e L. 52162 ... *on*ern$n% (e*$&$on !-en ) (o*!or on !he )&$& o" !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e h$*h ou,( re&u,!$n !re!#en! )e$n% ($&*on!$nue( or $!hhe,( on %roun(& o" unre&on),e o)&!$n* n(!he $#p,e#en!!$on o" h$*h ou,( *u&e $rrever&$),e (#%e !o ,$"e. /n &u*h*$r*u#&!n*e& !he u(%e' &$!!$n% here pp,$*),e & #e#)er o" )en*h o" u(%e&'#u&! !-e !he ne*e&&r pro!e*!$ve #e&ure& !o preven! !he (e*$&$on $n Pue&!$on "ro#

)e$n% $#p,e#en!e( here $! # no! )e *overe( ) one o" !he &$!u!$on& prov$(e( "or ) ,' h$,e &!r$-$n% ),n*e )e!een !he "un(#en!, "ree(o#& $n $&&ue' n#e,

!he r$%h! !o re&pe*! "or ,$"e n( !he p!$en!& r$%h! !o *on&en! !o #e($*, !re!#en! n(no! !o un(er%o !re!#en! !h! $& !he re&u,! o" unre&on),e o)&!$n*. /n &u*h *&e'!he ur%en!6pp,$*!$on& u(%e or !he )en*h !o h$*h he or &he h& re"erre( !he *&e#' & ppropr$!e' "!er !e#porr$, &u&pen($n% !he $#p,e#en!!$on o" !he #e&uren( )e"ore ru,$n% on !he pp,$*!$on' or(er n e7per! #e($*, repor! n(' un(er Ar!$*,e R. 256@ o" !he A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour!& Co(e' &ee- !he op$n$on o" n per&onho&e e7per!$&e or -no,e(%e re p! !o u&e"u,, $n"or# !he *our!& (e*$&$on.

@@. The &onseil dtat "oun( !h! $! & *,er "ro# !he ver or($n% o" !he re,evn! prov$&$on& o" !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e Ar!$*,e& L. 111065'L. 11116 n( R. 12?6@? n( "ro# !he pr,$#en!r pro*ee($n%& !h! !he

prov$&$on& $n Pue&!$on ere %ener, $n &*ope n( pp,$e( !o $n*en!

L#)er! u&! & !he ($( !o ,, u&er& o" !he he,!h &erv$*e. The &onseil dtat &!!e( & "o,,o&+

/! $& *,er "ro# !he&e prov$&$on& !h! e*h $n($v$(u, #u&! re*e$ve !he *re #o&!ppropr$!e !o h$& or her *on($!$on n( !h! !he preven!$ve or e7p,or!or *!& *rr$e(ou! n( !he *re (#$n$&!ere( #u&! no! &u)e*! !he p!$en! !o ($&propor!$on!e r$&-& $nre,!$on !o !he n!$*$p!e( )ene"$!&. Su*h *!& #u&! no! )e *on!$nue( $!h unre&on),eo)&!$n* n( # )e ($&*on!$nue( or $!hhe,( here !he pper !o )e "u!$,e or ($&propor!$on!e or !o hve no o!her e""e*! !hn !o &u&!$n ,$"e r!$"$*$,,' he!her or no! !he p!$en! $& $n n en(6o"6,$"e &$!u!$on. here !he p!$en! $& un),e !o e7pre&& h$&or her $&he&' n (e*$&$on !o ,$#$! or $!h(r !re!#en! on !he %roun( !h!*on!$nu$n% $! ou,( #oun! !o unre&on),e o)&!$n* # no! )e !-en ) !he (o*!or'


10/60


here &u*h #e&ure $& ,$),e !o en(n%er !he ,$"e o" !he p!$en!' $!hou! !he*o,,e*!$ve pro*e(ure (e"$ne( $n !he Co(e o" Me($*, E!h$*& n( !he ru,e& on*on&u,!!$on ,$( (on $n !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e hv$n% )een "o,,oe(. /" !he (o*!or !-e& &u*h (e*$&$on he or &he #u&! ! ,, even!& pre&erve !he p!$en!& ($%n$! n(($&pen&e p,,$!$ve *re.

Fur!her#ore' $! $& *,er "ro# !he prov$&$on& o" Ar!$*,e& L. 111065 n( L. 11106 o" !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e' & e,u*$(!e( ) !he pr,$#en!r pro*ee($n%& pr$or !o !he

p&&$n% o" !he A*! o" 22 Apr$, 2005' !h! !he ,e%$&,!ure $n!en(e( !o $n*,u(e #on% !he"or#& o" !re!#en! !h! # )e ,$#$!e( or $!h(rn on %roun(& o" unre&on),eo)&!$n* ,, *!& h$*h &ee- !o #$n!$n !he p!$en!& v$!, "un*!$on& r!$"$*$,,.Ar!$"$*$, nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on ",, $n!o !h$& *!e%or o" *!& n( # **or($n%, )e$!h(rn here *on!$nu$n% !he# ou,( #oun! !o unre&on),e o)&!$n*.

@. The &onseil dtat en! on !o "$n( !h! $!& !&- & !o &!$&" $!&e,"'hv$n% re%r( !o ,, !he *$r*u#&!n*e& o" !he *&e' !h! !he &!!u!or

*on($!$on& %overn$n% n (e*$&$on !o $!h(r !re!#en! ho&e*on!$nu!$on ou,( #oun! !o unre&on),e o)&!$n* h( )een #e!. To !h!en( $! nee(e( !o hve !he "u,,e&! $n"or#!$on po&&$),e ! $!& ($&po&,' $n

pr!$*u,r *on*ern$n% $n*en! L#)er!& &!!e o" he,!h. A**or($n%,' $!*on&$(ere( $! ne*e&&r )e"ore ru,$n% on !he pp,$*!$on !o or(er n e7per!#e($*, repor! !o )e prepre( ) pr*!$!$oner& $!h re*o%n$&e( e7per!$&e $nneuro&*$en*e. The e7per!& Z *!$n% on n $n(epen(en! n( *o,,e*!$ve )&$&'"!er e7#$n$n% !he p!$en!' #ee!$n% !he #e($*, !e# n( !he *re &!"" n("#$,$r$&$n% !he#&e,ve& $!h !he p!$en!& en!$re #e($*, "$,e Z ere !o %$ve!he$r op$n$on on $n*en! L#)er!& *urren! *on($!$on n( prov$(e !he&onseil dtat $!h ,, re,evn! $n"or#!$on & !o !he pro&pe*! o" n*hn%e.

@5. The &onseil dtat (e*$(e( !o en!ru&! !he e7per! repor! !o pne, o" !hree (o*!or& ppo$n!e( ) !he :re&$(en! o" !he Ju($*$, D$v$&$on on

propo&,& "ro# !he :re&$(en! o" !he N!$on, Me($*, A*(e#' !he Ch$r o" !he N!$on, E!h$*& A(v$&or Co##$!!ee n( !he :re&$(en! o" !he N!$on,Me($*, Coun*$, re&pe*!$ve,. The re#$! o" !he pne, o" e7per!&' h$*h &!o repor! $!h$n !o #on!h& o" $!& "or#!$on' re( & "o,,o&+

$ !o (e&*r$)e Mr. L#)er!& *urren! *,$n$*, *on($!$on n( ho $! h& *hn%e(&$n*e !he rev$e *rr$e( ou! $n Ju, 2011 ) !he Co# S*$en*e Group o" L$%eUn$ver&$! Ho&p$!,V

$$ !o e7pre&& n op$n$on & !o he!her !he p!$en!& )r$n (#%e $& $rrever&$),e n(& !o !he *,$n$*, pro%no&$&V

$$$ !o (e!er#$ne he!her !he p!$en! $& *p),e o" *o##un$*!$n%' ) h!ever #en&' $!h !ho&e roun( h$#V

$v !o &&e&& he!her !here re n &$%n& !o &u%%e&! ! !he pre&en! !$#e !h!Mr L#)er! re*!& !o !he *re )e$n% ($&pen&e( !o h$# n(' $" &o' he!her !ho&ere*!$on& *n )e $n!erpre!e( & ree*!$on o" !h! *re' & &u""er$n%' & (e&$re "or !he,$"e6&u&!$n$n% !re!#en! !o )e $!h(rn or' on !he *on!rr' & (e&$re "or !he!re!#en! !o )e *on!$nue(.


11/60


@. The &onseil dtat ,&o *on&$(ere( $! ne*e&&r' $n v$e o" !he &*,en( !he ($""$*u,! o" !he &*$en!$"$*' e!h$*, n( (eon!o,o%$*, $&&ue& r$&e( )

!he *&e n( $n **or(n*e $!h Ar!$*,e R. 256@ o" !he A(#$n$&!r!$veCour!& Co(e' !o rePue&! !he N!$on, Me($*, A*(e#' !he N!$on, E!h$*&A(v$&or Co##$!!ee n( !he N!$on, Me($*, Coun*$,' !o%e!her $!hMr Jen Leone!!$' !he rppor!eur "or !he A*! o" 22 Apr$, 2005' !o &u)#$!%ener, r$!!en o)&erv!$on& ) !he en( o" Apr$, 201 (e&$%ne( !o *,r$" "or $! !he pp,$*!$on o" !he *on*ep!& o" unre&on),e o)&!$n* n( &u&!$n$n%,$"e r!$"$*$,, "or !he purpo&e& o" Ar!$*,e L. 111065' re"erre( !o )ove' $!h

pr!$*u,r re%r( !o $n($v$(u,& ho' ,$-e $n*en! L#)er!' ere $n #$n$#,, *on&*$ou& &!!e.

@?. L&!,' !he &onseil dtat ree*!e( !he pp,$*n!& rePue&! "or $n*en!L#)er! !o )e !rn&"erre( !o &pe*$,$&e( e7!en(e( *re "*$,$! &ee

pr%rph 2 )ove.

F. E1%ert med!ca& re%ort and -enera& observat!ons

1. 2pet medical epot

@K. The e7per!& e7#$ne( $n*en! L#)er! on n$ne o**&$on&. The"#$,$r$&e( !he#&e,ve& $!h !he en!$re #e($*, "$,e' n( $n pr!$*u,r !herepor! o" !he Co# S*$en*e Group $n L$%e &ee pr%rph 1@ )ove' !he!re!#en! "$,e n( !he (#$n$&!r!$ve "$,e' n( h( **e&& !o ,, !he $#%$n%!e&!&. The ,&o *on&u,!e( ,, !he $!e#& $n !he u($*$, *&e "$,e o" re,evn*e

"or !he$r e7per! repor!. /n (($!$on' )e!een 2 Mr*h n( 2@ Apr$, 201!he #e! ,, !he pr!$e& !he "#$,' !he #e($*, n( *re !e#' !he #e($*,*on&u,!n!& n( repre&en!!$ve& o" UNAFTC n( !he ho&p$!, n( *rr$e(ou! &er$e& o" !e&!& on $n*en! L#)er!.

@. On 5 M 201 !he e7per!& &en! !he$r pre,$#$nr repor! !o !he pr!$e& "or *o##en!&. The$r "$n, repor!' &u)#$!!e( on 2 M 201' prov$(e( !he "o,,o$n% rep,$e& !o !he Pue&!$on& &-e( ) !he &onseil dtat .

2a3 4!ncent Lambert5s c&!n!ca& cond!t!on and ho6 !t had chan-ed

0. The e7per!& "oun( !h! $n*en! L#)er!& *,$n$*, *on($!$on*orre&pon(e( !o ve%e!!$ve &!!e' $!hou! n &$%n& po$n!$n% !o #$n$#,, *on&*$ou& &!!e. Fur!her#ore' !he &!re&&e( !h! he h( ($""$*u,!&,,o$n% n( h( &er$ou&, $#p$re( #o!or "un*!$on& o" ,, "our ,$#)&'$!h &$%n$"$*n! re!r*!$on o" !he !en(on&. The no!e( !h! h$& &!!e o" *on&*$ou&ne&& h( (e!er$or!e( &$n*e !he &&e&en! *rr$e( ou! $n L$%e $n2011.

2b3 Irrevers!b&e nat#re of the bra!n dama-e and c&!n!ca& %ro-nos!s

1. The e7per!& po$n!e( ou! !h! !he !o #$n "*!or& !o )e !-en $n!o**oun! $n &&e&&$n% he!her or no! )r$n (#%e & $rrever&$),e ere'


12/60


"$r&!,' !he ,en%!h o" !$#e &$n*e !he **$(en! h$*h h( *u&e( !he (#%en(' &e*on(,' !he n!ure o" !he (#%e. /n !he pre&en! *&e !he no!e( !h!

"$ve n( h," er& h( p&&e( &$n*e !he $n$!$, he( $nur n( !h! !he$#%$n% !e&!& &hoe( &evere *ere)r, !roph !e&!$"$n% !o per#nen!neuron ,o&&' ner6!o!, (e&!ru*!$on o" &!r!e%$* re%$on& &u*h & )o!h pr!& o" !he !h,#u& n( !he upper pr! o" !he )r$n &!e#' n( &er$ou& (#%e !o !he*o##un$*!$on p!h& $n !he )r$n. The *on*,u(e( !h! !he )r$n(#%e & $rrever&$),e. The ((e( !h! !he ,en%!h per$o( o" pro%re&&$on'!he p!$en!& *,$n$*, (e!er$or!$on &$n*e Ju, 2011' h$& *urren! ve%e!!$ve&!!e' !he (e&!ru*!$ve n!ure n( e7!en! o" !he )r$n (#%e n( !he re&u,!& o" !he "un*!$on, !e&!&' *oup,e( $!h !he &ever$! o" !he #o!or $#p$r#en! o" ,,"our ,$#)&' po$n!e( !o poor *,$n$*, pro%no&$&.

2c3 4!ncent Lambert5s ca%ac!t+ to comm#n!cate 6!th those aro#nd h!m

2. /n !he ,$%h! o" !he !e&!& *rr$e( ou!' n( pr!$*u,r, $n v$e o" !he"*! !h! !he *our&e o" &pee*h n( ,n%u%e !herp *rr$e( ou! $n 2012 h(no! &u**ee(e( $n e&!),$&h$n% *o(e o" *o##un$*!$on' !he e7per!&*on*,u(e( !h! $n*en! L#)er! & no! *p),e o" e&!),$&h$n% "un*!$on,*o##un$*!$on $!h !ho&e roun( h$#.

2d3 E1!stence of s!-ns s#--est!n- that 4!ncent Lambert reacted to the care

%rov!ded and !nter%retat!on of those s!-ns

@. The e7per!& o)&erve( !h! $n*en! L#)er! re*!e( !o !he *re

prov$(e( n( !o p$n"u, &!$#u,$' )u! *on*,u(e( !h! !he&e erenon6*on&*$ou& re&pon&e&. /n !he$r v$e' $! & no! po&&$),e !o $n!erpre! !he#& *on&*$ou& rene&& o" &u""er$n% or & !he e7pre&&$on o" n $n!en! or $&h $!h re%r( !o !he $!h(r, or *on!$nu!$on o" !re!#en!.

. %eneal obse!ations

. On 22 n( 2 Apr$, n( 5 M 201 !he &onseil dtat re*e$ve( !he%ener, o)&erv!$on& o" !he N!$on, Me($*, Coun*$,' Mr Jen Leone!!$'rppor!eur "or !he A*! o" 22 Apr$, 2005' !he N!$on, Me($*, A*(e# n(!he N!$on, E!h$*& A(v$&or Co##$!!ee.

The N!$on, Me($*, Coun*$, #(e *,er $n pr!$*u,r !h!' $n u&$n% !he

e7pre&&$on no o!her e""e*! !hn !o &u&!$n ,$"e r!$"$*$,, $nAr!$*,e L. 111065 o" !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e' !he ,e%$&,!ure h( &ou%h! !o((re&& !he &$!u!$on o" p!$en!& ho no! on, ere )e$n% -ep! ,$ve &o,e,

) !he u&e o" #e!ho(& n( !e*hn$Pue& rep,*$n% -e v$!, "un*!$on&' )u! ,&o'n( )ove ,,' ho&e *o%n$!$ve n( re,!$on, "un*!$on& ere pro"oun(, n($rrever&$), $#p$re(. /! e#ph&$&e( !he $#por!n*e o" !he no!$on o" !e#por,$!' &!re&&$n% !h! here p!ho,o%$*, *on($!$on h( )e*o#e*hron$*' re&u,!$n% $n !he per&on& ph&$o,o%$*, (e!er$or!$on n( !he ,o&& o" h$& or her *o%n$!$ve n( re,!$on, "*u,!$e&' o)&!$n* $n (#$n$&!er$n%


13/60


!re!#en! *ou,( )e re%r(e( & unre&on),e $" no &$%n& o" $#prove#en!ere ppren!.

Mr Leone!!$ &!re&&e( !h! !he A*! & pp,$*),e !o p!$en!& ho h( )r$n (#%e n( !hu& &u""ere( "ro# &er$ou& *on($!$on h$*h' $n !he(vn*e( &!%e&' & $n*ur),e' )u! ho ere no! ne*e&&r$, ! !he en( o" ,$"e. A**or($n%,' !he ,e%$&,!ure' $n !he !$!,e o" !he A*!' h( re"erre( !op!$en!& r$%h!& and en(6o"6,$"e $&&ue& r!her !hn p!$en!& r$%h!& inen(6o"6,$"e &$!u!$on&. He ou!,$ne( !he *r$!er$ "or unre&on),e o)&!$n*n( !he "*!or& u&e( !o &&e&& $! n( &!!e( !h! !he re"eren*e !o !re!#en!hv$n% no o!her e""e*! !hn !o &u&!$n ,$"e r!$"$*$,,' h$*h & &!r$*!er !hn !he or($n% or$%$n,, env$&%e( n#e,' !re!#en! h$*h pro,on%&,$"e r!$"$*$,, & #ore re&!r$*!$ve n( re"erre( !o r!$"$*$,, &u&!$n$n%,$"e $n !he pure, )$o,o%$*, &en&e' $n *$r*u#&!n*e& here' "$r&!,' !he

p!$en! h& #or $rrever&$),e )r$n (#%e n(' &e*on(,' h$& or her *on($!$on o""er& no pro&pe*! o" re!urn !o rene&& o" &e," or re,!$on&h$p&$!h o!her&. He po$n!e( ou! !h! !he A*! %ve !he (o*!or &o,e re&pon&$)$,$!"or !he (e*$&$on !o $!h(r !re!#en! n( !h! $! h( )een (e*$(e( no! !o

p&& !h! re&pon&$)$,$! on !o !he "#$,' $n or(er !o vo$( n "ee,$n%& o" %u$,! n( !o en&ure !h! !he per&on ho !oo- !he (e*$&$on & $(en!$"$e(.

The N!$on, Me($*, A*(e# re$!er!e( !he "un(#en!, proh$)$!$on )rr$n% (o*!or& "ro# (e,$)er!e, !-$n% no!her& ,$"e' h$*h "or#e( !he )&$& "or !he re,!$on&h$p o" !ru&! )e!een (o*!or n( p!$en!. The A*(e#re$!er!e( $!& ,on%6&!n($n% po&$!$on **or($n% !o h$*h !he A*! o" 22 Apr$, 2005 & pp,$*),e no! on, !o !he vr$ou& en(6o"6,$"e&$!u!$on&' )u! ,&o !o &$!u!$on& r$&$n% !he ver ($""$*u,! e!h$*, $&&ue o" !heen($n% o" ,$"e $n !he *&e o" p!$en!& $n &urv$v, #o(e' $n #$n$#,,*on&*$ou& or *hron$* ve%e!!$ve &!!e.

The N!$on, E!h$*& A(v$&or Co##$!!ee *on(u*!e( n $n6(ep!h n,&$&o" !he ($""$*u,!$e& &urroun($n% !he no!$on& o" unre&on),e o)&!$n*'!re!#en! n( &u&!$n$n% ,$"e r!$"$*$,,' &u##r$&e( !he #e($*, (!*on*ern$n% #$n$#,, *on&*$ou& &!!e& n( ((re&&e( !he e!h$*, $&&ue&r$&$n% ou! o" &u*h &$!u!$on&. /! re*o##en(e( $n pr!$*u,r pro*e&& o" re",e*!$on $#e( ! en&ur$n% !h! !he *o,,e*!$ve ($&*u&&$on& ,e( !o %enu$ne*o,,e*!$ve (e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&& n( !h!' here no *on&en&u& *ou,( )e

re*he(' !here & po&&$)$,$! o" #e($!$on.

7. Conseil d’État )#d-ment of $0 /#ne $'*0

5. A her$n% !oo- p,*e on 20 June 201 )e"ore !he &onseil dtat . /nh$& &u)#$&&$on& !he pu),$* rppor!eur &!re&&e(' $n pr!$*u,r' !he "o,,o$n%+

... [!\he ,e%$&,!ure ($( no! $&h !o $#po&e on !ho&e $n !he *r$n% pro"e&&$on& !he )ur(en o" )r$(%$n% !he %p h$*h e7$&!& )e!een ,,o$n% (e!h !o !-e $!& *our&ehen $! *n no ,on%er )e preven!e( n( *!$ve, *u&$n% (e!h ) (#$n$&!er$n%


14/60

LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT 1@

,e!h, &u)&!n*e. B ($&*on!$nu$n% !re!#en!' (o*!or $& no! !-$n% !he p!$en!& ,$"e' )u! $& re&o,v$n% !o $!h(r hen !here $& no!h$n% #ore !o )e (one.

The &onseil dtat (e,$vere( $!& u(%#en! on 2 June 201. A"!er %rn!$n% ,eve !o Mr$e6Genev$ve L#)er!' $n*en! L#)er!& h,"6&$&!er'!o $n!ervene & !h$r( pr!' n( re$!er!$n% !he re,evn! prov$&$on& o" (o#e&!$* , & *o##en!e( on n( e,u*$(!e( $n !he %ener, o)&erv!$on&re*e$ve(' !he &onseil dtat e7#$ne( $n !urn !he pp,$*n!& r%u#en!&

)&e( on !he Conven!$on n( on (o#e&!$* ,.. On !he "$r&! po$n! !he &onseil dtat re$!er!e( !h!' here !he

ur%en!6pp,$*!$on& u(%e & *,,e( on !o her n pp,$*!$on un(er Ar!$*,e L. 52162 o" !he A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour!& Co(e ur%en! pp,$*!$on "or

pro!e*!$on o" "un(#en!, "ree(o# *on*ern$n% (e*$&$on !-en ) (o*!or un(er !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e h$*h ou,( re&u,! $n !re!#en! )e$n%($&*on!$nue( or $!hhe,( on %roun(& o" unre&on),e o)&!$n*' n($#p,e#en!!$on o" !h! (e*$&$on ou,( *u&e $rrever&$),e (#%e !o ,$"e' !he

u(%e & rePu$re( !o e7#$ne n *,$# !h! !he prov$&$on& $n Pue&!$onere $n*o#p!$),e $!h !he Conven!$on &ee pr%rph @2 )ove.

?. /n !he *&e )e"ore $! !he &onseil dtat rep,$e( $n !he "o,,o$n% !er#&!o !he r%u#en!& )&e( on Ar!$*,e& 2 n( K o" !he Conven!$on+

F$r&!,' !he ($&pu!e( prov$&$on& o" !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e (e"$ne( ,e%,"r#eor- re""$r#$n% !he r$%h! o" ,, per&on& !o re*e$ve !he #o&! ppropr$!e *re'!he r$%h! !o re&pe*! "or !he$r $&h !o re"u&e n !re!#en! n( !he r$%h! no! !o un(er%o#e($*, !re!#en! re&u,!$n% "ro# unre&on),e o)&!$n*. Tho&e prov$&$on& (o no!,,o (o*!or !o !-e ,$"e6!hre!en$n% (e*$&$on !o ,$#$! or $!h(r !he !re!#en! o"

per&on $n*p),e o" e7pre&&$n% h$& or her $&he&' e7*ep! on !he (u,' &!r$*! *on($!$on!h! *on!$nu!$on o" !h! !re!#en! ou,( #oun! !o unre&on),e o)&!$n* n( !h!!he rePu$&$!e &"e%ur(& re o)&erve(' n#e, !h! **oun! $& !-en o" n $&he&e7pre&&e( ) !he p!$en! n( !h! ! ,e&! one o!her (o*!or n( !he *re !e# re*on&u,!e(' & e,, & !he per&on o" !ru&!' !he "#$, or no!her per&on *,o&e !o !he

p!$en!. An &u*h (e*$&$on ) (o*!or $& open !o ppe, )e"ore !he *our!& $n or(er !orev$e *o#p,$n*e $!h !he *on($!$on& ,$( (on ) ,.

Hen*e !he ($&pu!e( prov$&$on& o" !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e' !-en !o%e!her' $n v$e o" !he$r purpo&e n( !he *on($!$on& !!*h$n% !o !he$r $#p,e#en!!$on' *nno! )e &$( !o

)e $n*o#p!$),e $!h !he rePu$re#en!& o" Ar!$*,e 2 o" !he Conven!$on ...' or $!h !ho&eo" Ar!$*,e K...

The &onseil dtat ,&o ree*!e( !he pp,$*n!& r%u#en!& )&e( onAr!$*,e& n( ? o" !he Conven!$on' "$n($n% !h! !he ro,e en!ru&!e( !o !he(o*!or un(er !he prov$&$on& o" !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e & no! $n*o#p!$),e$!h !he (u! o" $#pr!$,$! ",o$n% "ro# Ar!$*,e ' n( !h! Ar!$*,e ?'h$*h pp,$e( !o *r$#$n, *onv$*!$on&' & no! re,evn! !o !he *&e )e"ore $!.

K. Re%r($n% !he pp,$*!$on o" !he re,evn! prov$&$on& o" !he :u),$*He,!h Co(e' !he &onseil dtat he,( & "o,,o&+

A,!hou%h r!$"$*$, nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on re #on% !he "or#& o" !re!#en! h$*h# )e $!h(rn $n *&e& here !he$r *on!$nu!$on ou,( #oun! !o unre&on),eo)&!$n*' !he &o,e "*! !h! per&on $& $n n $rrever&$),e &!!e o" un*on&*$ou&ne&& or' a fotioi' h& ,o&! h$& or her u!ono# $rrever&$), n( $& !hu& (epen(en! on &u*h


15/60


"or# o" nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on' (oe& no! ) $!&e," #oun! !o &$!u!$on $n h$*h !he*on!$nu!$on o" !re!#en! ou,( pper unu&!$"$e( on %roun(& o" unre&on),eo)&!$n*.

/n &&e&&$n% he!her !he *on($!$on& "or !he $!h(r, o" r!$"$*$, nu!r$!$on n(h(r!$on re #e! $n !he *&e o" p!$en! $!h &evere )r$n (#%e' hoever *u&e('ho $& $n ve%e!!$ve or #$n$#,, *on&*$ou& &!!e n( $& !hu& un),e !o e7pre&& h$& or her $&he&' n( ho (epen(& on &u*h nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on & #en& o" ,$"e&uppor!' !he (o*!or $n *hr%e o" !he p!$en! #u&! )&e h$& or her (e*$&$on on rn%e o" #e($*, n( non6#e($*, "*!or& ho&e re,!$ve e$%h! *nno! )e (e!er#$ne( $n(vn*e )u! $,, (epen( on !he *$r*u#&!n*e& o" e*h p!$en!' &o !h! !he (o*!or #u&!&&e&& e*h &$!u!$on on $!& on #er$!&. /n (($!$on !o !he #e($*, "*!or&' h$*h #u&!*over &u""$*$en!, ,on% per$o(' )e &&e&&e( *o,,e*!$ve, n( re,!e $n pr!$*u,r !o !he

p!$en!& *urren! *on($!$on' !he *hn%e $n !h! *on($!$on &$n*e !he **$(en! or $,,ne&&o**urre(' h$& or her (e%ree o" &u""er$n% n( !he *,$n$*, pro%no&$&' !he (o*!or #u&!!!*h pr!$*u,r $#por!n*e !o n $&he& !he p!$en! # hve e7pre&&e( prev$ou&,'

h!ever !he$r "or# or !enor. /n !h! re%r(' here &u*h $&he& re#$n un-non' !he*nno! )e &&u#e( !o *on&$&! $n re"u&, ) !he p!$en! !o )e -ep! ,$ve $n !he *urren!*on($!$on&. The (o*!or #u&! ,&o !-e $n!o **oun! !he v$e& o" !he per&on o" !ru&!'here !he p!$en! h& (e&$%n!e( &u*h per&on' o" !he #e#)er& o" !he p!$en!& "#$,or' "$,$n% !h$&' o" no!her per&on *,o&e !o !he p!$en!' h$,e &ee-$n% !o e&!),$&h *on&en&u&. /n &&e&&$n% !he p!$en!& pr!$*u,r &$!u!$on' !he (o*!or #u&! )e %u$(e(

pr$#r$, ) *on*ern !o *! $!h #7$#u# )ene"$*en*e !or(& !he p!$en!...

. The &onseil dtat en! on !o "$n( !h! $! & $!& !&-' $n !he ,$%h! o" ,, !he *$r*u#&!n*e& o" !he *&e n( !he ev$(en*e pro(u*e( $n !he *our&e o" !he (ver&r$, pro*ee($n%& )e"ore $!' $n pr!$*u,r !he e7per! #e($*, repor!'!o &*er!$n he!her !he (e*$&$on !-en ) Dr r$%er on 11 Jnur 201

h( *o#p,$e( $!h !he &!!u!or *on($!$on& $#po&e( on n (e*$&$on !o$!h(r !re!#en! ho&e *on!$nu!$on ou,( #oun! !o unre&on),eo)&!$n*.

50. /n !h! *onne*!$on !he &onseil dtat ru,e( & "o,,o&+

F$r&!,' $! $& *,er "ro# !he e7#$n!$on o" !he *&e !h! !he *o,,e*!$ve pro*e(ure*on(u*!e( ) Dr r$%er ...' pr$or !o !he !-$n% o" !he (e*$&$on o" 11 Jnur 201'& *rr$e( ou! $n **or(n*e $!h !he rePu$re#en!& o" Ar!$*,e R. 12?6@? o" !he:u),$* He,!h Co(e n( $nvo,ve( !he *on&u,!!$on o" &$7 (o*!or&' ,!hou%h !h! Ar!$*,e&$#p, rePu$re& !h! !he op$n$on o" one (o*!or n(' here ppropr$!e' o" &e*on( )e&ou%h!. Dr r$%er & no! ,e%,, )oun( !o ,,o !he #ee!$n% o" De*e#)er 201@ !o

)e !!en(e( ) &e*on( (o*!or (e&$%n!e( ) Mr L#)er!& pren!& $n (($!$on !o !heone !he h( ,re( (e&$%n!e(. Nor (oe& $! pper "ro# !he e7#$n!$on o" !he *&e

!h! &o#e #e#)er& o" !he *re !e# ere (e,$)er!e, e7*,u(e( "ro# !h! #ee!$n%.Fur!her#ore' Dr r$%er & en!$!,e( !o &pe- $!h Mr FrnQo$& L#)er!' !he p!$en!&nephe. The "*! !h! Dr r$%er oppo&e( rePue&! "or h$# !o $!h(r "ro# Mr L#)er!& *&e n( "or !he p!$en! !o )e !rn&"erre( !o no!her e&!),$&h#en!' n( !he"*! !h! he e7pre&&e( h$& v$e& pu),$*,' (o no! #oun!' hv$n% re%r( !o ,, !he*$r*u#&!n*e& o" !he pre&en! *&e' !o "$,ure !o *o#p, $!h !he o),$%!$on& $#p,$*$!$n !he pr$n*$p,e o" $#pr!$,$!' h$*h Dr r$%er re&pe*!e(. A**or($n%,' *on!rr !oh! & r%ue( )e"ore !he ChY,on&6en6Ch#p%ne A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour!' !he

pro*e(ure pre*e($n% !he (op!$on o" !he (e*$&$on o" 11 Jnur 201 & no! !$n!e($!h n $rre%u,r$!.


16/60


Se*on(,' !he e7per!& "$n($n%& $n($*!e !h! ]Mr L#)er!& *urren! *,$n$*, *on($!$on*orre&pon(& !o ve%e!!$ve &!!e' $!h ]&,,o$n% ($""$*u,!$e&' &evere #o!or $#p$r#en! o" ,, "our ,$#)&' &o#e &$%n& o" (&"un*!$on o" !he )r$n&!e# n(]*on!$nue( )$,$! !o )re!he un$(e(. The re&u,!& o" !he !e&!& *rr$e( ou! "ro# ? !o11 Apr$, 201 !o &&e&& !he p!$en!& )r$n &!ru*!ure n( "un*!$on ... ere "oun( !o )e*on&$&!en! $!h &u*h ve%e!!$ve &!!e. The e7per!& "oun( !h! !he *,$n$*, pro%re&&$on'*hr*!er$&e( ) !he ($&ppern*e o" !he ",u*!u!$on& $n Mr L#)er!& &!!e o" *on&*$ou&ne&& re*or(e( (ur$n% !he &&e&en! *rr$e( ou! $n Ju, 2011 ) !he Co#S*$en*e Group ! L$%e Un$ver&$! Ho&p$!, n( ) !he "$,ure o" !he *!$ve !herp$e&re*o##en(e( ! !he !$#e o" !h! &&e&en!' ere &u%%e&!$ve o" ] (e!er$or!$on $n !he[p!$en!&\ &!!e o" *on&*$ou&ne&& &$n*e !h! !$#e.

Fur!her#ore' **or($n% !o !he "$n($n%& &e! ou! $n !he e7per!& repor!' !he e7p,or!or!e&!& h$*h ere *rr$e( ou! reve,e( &er$ou& n( e7!en&$ve )r$n (#%e' &ev$(en*e( $n pr!$*u,r ) ]&evere $#p$r#en! o" !he &!ru*!ure n( #e!)o,$ o" !he&u)6*or!$*, re%$on& o" *ru*$, $#por!n*e "or *o%n$!$ve "un*!$on n( ]#or &!ru*!ur,

(&"un*!$on o" !he *o##un$*!$on p!h& )e!een !he re%$on& o" !he )r$n $nvo,ve($n *on&*$ou&ne&&. The &ever$! o" !he *ere)r, !roph n( o" !he (#%e o)&erve('*oup,e( $!h !he "$ve6n(66h,"6er per$o( !h! h( e,p&e( &$n*e !he $n$!$, **$(en!',e( !he e7per!& !o *on*,u(e !h! !he )r$n (#%e & $rrever&$),e.

Fur!her#ore' !he e7per!& *on*,u(e( !h! ]!he ,en%!h per$o( o" pro%re&&$on' !he p!$en!& *,$n$*, (e!er$or!$on &$n*e 2011' h$& *urren! ve%e!!$ve &!!e' !he (e&!ru*!$ven!ure n( !he e7!en! o" !he )r$n (#%e' !he re&u,!& o" !he "un*!$on, !e&!& n( !he&ever$! o" !he #o!or $#p$r#en! o" ,, "our ,$#)& po$n!e( !o ]poor *,$n$*,

pro%no&$&.

L&!,' h$,e no!$n% !h! Mr L#)er! & *p),e o" re*!$n% !o !he *re(#$n$&!ere( n( !o *er!$n &!$#u,$' !he e7per!& $n($*!e( !h! !he *hr*!er$&!$*& o" !ho&e re*!$on& &u%%e&!e( !h! !he ere non6*on&*$ou& re&pon&e&. The e7per!& ($( no!

*on&$(er $! po&&$),e !o $n!erpre! !he&e )ehv$our, re*!$on& & ev$(en*e o" ]*on&*$ou&rene&& o" &u""er$n% or & !he e7pre&&$on o" n $n!en! or $&h $!h re%r( !o !he$!h(r, or *on!$nu!$on o" !he !re!#en! -eep$n% !he p!$en! ,$ve.

The&e "$n($n%&' h$*h !he e7per!& re*he( unn$#ou&, "o,,o$n% *o,,e*!$ve&&e&en! $n !he *our&e o" h$*h !he p!$en! & e7#$ne( on n$ne &epr!eo**&$on&' !horou%h *ere)r, !e&!& ere per"or#e(' #ee!$n%& ere he,( $!h !he#e($*, !e# n( *re &!"" $nvo,ve( n( !he en!$re "$,e & e7#$ne(' *on"$r# !he*on*,u&$on& (rn ) Dr r$%er & !o !he $rrever&$),e n!ure o" !he (#%e n(Mr L#)er!& *,$n$*, pro%no&$&. The e7*hn%e& h$*h !oo- p,*e $n !he (ver&r$,

pro*ee($n%& )e"ore !he &onseil dtat &u)&ePuen! !o &u)#$&&$on o" !he e7per!& repor!(o no!h$n% !o $nv,$(!e !he e7per!& *on*,u&$on&. h$,e $! *n )e &een "ro# !hee7per!& repor!' & u&! $n($*!e(' !h! Mr L#)er!& re*!$on& !o *re re no! *p),e

o" $n!erpre!!$on n( !hu& *nno! )e re%r(e( & e7pre&&$n% $&h & !o !he$!h(r, o" !re!#en!' Dr r$%er $n "*! $n($*!e( $n !he $#pu%ne( (e*$&$on !h!!he )ehv$our *on*erne( & open !o vr$ou& $n!erpre!!$on&' ,, o" h$*h nee(e( !o )e!re!e( $!h %re! *u!$on' n( ($( no! $n*,u(e !h$& &pe*! $n !he re&on& "or h$&(e*$&$on.

Th$r(,' !he prov$&$on& o" !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e ,,o **oun! !o )e !-en o" p!$en!& $&he& e7pre&&e( $n "or# o!her !hn (vn*e ($re*!$ve&. /! $& ppren! "ro#!he e7#$n!$on o" !he *&e' n( $n pr!$*u,r "ro# !he !e&!$#on o" Mr& R*he,L#)er!' !h! &he n( her hu&)n(' )o!h nur&e&' h( o"!en ($&*u&&e( !he$r re&pe*!$ve

pro"e&&$on, e7per$en*e& $n (e,$n% $!h p!$en!& un(er re&u&*$!!$on n( !ho&e $!h#u,!$p,e ($&)$,$!$e&' n( !h! Mr L#)er! h( on &ever, &u*h o**&$on& *,er,


17/60


vo$*e( !he $&h no! !o )e -ep! ,$ve r!$"$*$,, $" he ere !o "$n( h$#&e," $n h$%h,(epen(en! &!!e. The !enor o" !ho&e re#r-&' repor!e( ) Mr& R*he, L#)er! $n

pre*$&e (e!$, n( $!h !he *orre&pon($n% (!e&' & *on"$r#e( ) one o" Mr L#)er!& )ro!her&. h$,e !he&e re#r-& ere no! #(e $n !he pre&en*e o" Mr L#)er!& pren!&' !he ,!!er ($( no! *,$# !h! !he$r &on *ou,( no! hve #(e !he#or !h! he ou,( hve e7pre&&e( $&he& !o !he *on!rr' n( &ever, o" Mr L#)er!&&$),$n%& &!!e( !h! !he re#r-& *on*erne( ere $n -eep$n% $!h !he$r )ro!her&

per&on,$!' p&! e7per$en*e n( per&on, op$n$on&. A**or($n%,' $n &!!$n% #on% !here&on& "or !he (e*$&$on ! $&&ue h$& *er!$n! !h! Mr L#)er! ($( no! $&h' )e"ore h$&**$(en!' !o ,$ve un(er &u*h *on($!$on&' Dr r$%er *nno! )e re%r(e( & hv$n%$n*orre*!, $n!erpre!e( !he $&he& e7pre&&e( ) !he p!$en! )e"ore h$& **$(en!.

Four!h,' !he (o*!or $n *hr%e o" !he p!$en! $& rePu$re(' un(er !he prov$&$on& o" !he:u),$* He,!h Co(e' !o o)!$n !he v$e& o" !he p!$en!& "#$, )e"ore !-$n% n(e*$&$on !o $!h(r !re!#en!. Dr r$%er *o#p,$e( $!h !h$& rePu$re#en! $n*on&u,!$n% Mr L#)er!& $"e' pren!& n( &$),$n%& $n !he *our&e o" !he !o #ee!$n%&

re"erre( !o er,$er. h$,e Mr L#)er!& pren!& n( &o#e o" h$& )ro!her& n( &$&!er&oppo&e( !he ($&*on!$nu$n% o" !re!#en!' Mr L#)er!& $"e n( h$& o!her &$),$n%&&!!e( !he$r &uppor! "or !he propo&, !o $!h(r !re!#en!. Dr r$%er !oo- !he&e($""eren! op$n$on& $n!o **oun!. /n !he *$r*u#&!n*e& o" !he *&e' he *on*,u(e( !h! !he"*! !h! !he #e#)er& o" !he "#$, ere no! unn$#ou& & !o h! (e*$&$on &hou,( )e!-en ($( no! *on&!$!u!e n $#pe($#en! !o h$& (e*$&$on.

/! "o,,o& "ro# ,, !he )ove *on&$(er!$on& !h! !he vr$ou& *on($!$on& $#po&e( )!he , )e"ore n (e*$&$on *n )e !-en ) !he (o*!or $n *hr%e o" !he p!$en! !o$!h(r !re!#en! h$*h h& no e""e*! o!her !hn !o &u&!$n ,$"e r!$"$*$,,' n(ho&e *on!$nu!$on ou,( !hu& #oun! !o unre&on),e o)&!$n*' # )e re%r(e('$n !he *&e o" Mr $n*en! L#)er! n( $n !he ,$%h! o" !he (ver&r$, pro*ee($n%&

)e"ore !he &onseil dtat ' & hv$n% )een #e!. A**or($n%,' !he (e*$&$on !-en )

Dr r$%er on 11 Jnur 201 !o $!h(r !he r!$"$*$, nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on o" Mr $n*en! L#)er! *nno! )e he,( !o )e un,"u,.

51. A**or($n%,' !he &onseil dtat &e! &$(e !he A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour!& u(%#en! n( ($$&&e( !he pp,$*n!& *,$#&.

//. RELEANT DOMEST/C LA AND :RACT/CE

A. 8#b&!c Hea&th Code

52. Un(er Ar!$*,e L. 111061 o" !he :u),$* He,!h Co(e here$n"!er !he

Co(e' ,, v$,),e #en& #u&! )e u&e( !o &e*ure !o e*h $n($v$(u, !he"un(#en!, r$%h! !o pro!e*!$on o" he,!h. Ar!$*,e L. 111062 o" !he Co(e prov$(e& !h! !he p!$en! h& !he r$%h! !o re&pe*! "or h$& or her ($%n$!' h$,eAr!$*,e L. 11106 %urn!ee& !o everone ho&e *on($!$on rePu$re& $! !her$%h! !o p,,$!$ve *re. Th$& $& (e"$ne( $n Ar!$*,e L. 1110610 & *!$ve n(on%o$n% *re $n!en(e( !o re,$eve p$n' e&e p&*ho,o%$*, &u""er$n%' pre&erve!he p!$en!& ($%n$! n( &uppor! !ho&e *,o&e !o h$# or her.

5@. The A*! o" 22 Apr$, 2005 on p!$en!& r$%h!& n( en(6o"6,$"e $&&ue&'-non & !he Leone!!$ A*! "!er $!& rppor!eur' Mr Jen Leone!!$ &ee

pr%rph )ove' #en(e( nu#)er o" Ar!$*,e& o" !he Co(e.


18/60

LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT 1?

The A*! & p&&e( "o,,o$n% !he or- o" pr,$#en!r *o##$&&$on*h$re( ) Mr Leone!!$ n( !&-e( $!h e7p,or$n% !he "u,, rn%e o"

en(6o"6,$"e $&&ue& n( *on&$(er$n% po&&$),e ,e%$&,!$ve or re%u,!or#en(#en!&. /n !he *our&e o" $!& or- !he pr,$#en!r *o##$&&$on her(ev$(en*e "ro# %re! #n $n($v$(u,&. /! &u)#$!!e( $!& repor! on@0 June 200. The A*! & p&&e( unn$#ou&, ) !he N!$on, A&&e#),on @0 Nove#)er 200 n( ) !he Sen!e on 12 Apr$, 2005.

The A*! (oe& no! u!hor$&e e$!her eu!hn&$ or &&$&!e( &u$*$(e. /! ,,o&(o*!or&' $n **or(n*e $!h pre&*r$)e( pro*e(ure' !o ($&*on!$nue !re!#en!on, $" *on!$nu$n% $! ou,( (e#on&!r!e unre&on),e o)&!$n* $n o!her or(&' $" $! ou,( #en !-$n% $! !o unre&on),e ,en%!h& achanement thapeutiue.

The re,evn! Ar!$*,e& o" !he Co(e' & #en(e( ) !he A*!' re( &

"o,,o&+

Art!c&e L. ***'9(

Ever $n($v$(u,' re%r( )e$n% h( !o h$& or her &!!e o" he,!h n( !he ur%en* o" !he !re!#en! rePu$re(' &h,, )e en!$!,e( !o re*e$ve !he #o&! ppropr$!e *re n( !o )e%$ven !he &"e&! !re!#en! -non !o #e($*, &*$en*e ! !he !$#e !o )e e""e*!$ve.:reven!$ve or e7p,or!or *!& or *re #u&! no!' & "r & #e($*, &*$en*e *n%urn!ee' &u)e*! !he p!$en! !o ($&propor!$on!e r$&-& $n re,!$on !o !he n!$*$p!e(

)ene"$!&.

Su*h *!& #u&! no! )e *on!$nue( $!h unre&on),e o)&!$n*. here !he pper !o )e "u!$,e or ($&propor!$on!e or !o hve no o!her e""e*! !hn !o &u&!$n ,$"e r!$"$*$,,'

!he # )e ($&*on!$nue( or $!hhe,(. /n &u*h *&e&' !he (o*!or &h,, pre&erve !he($%n$! o" !he ($n% p!$en! n( en&ure h$& or her Pu,$! o" ,$"e ) ($&pen&$n% !he *rere"erre( !o $n Ar!$*,e L. 1110610 ...

Everone &h,, )e en!$!,e( !o re*e$ve *re $n!en(e( !o re,$eve p$n. Th! p$n #u&! $n,, *&e& )e preven!e(' &&e&&e(' !-en $n!o **oun! n( !re!e(.

He,!h *re pro"e&&$on,& &h,, !-e ,, !he #e&ure& v$,),e !o !he# !o ,,o e*h$n($v$(u, !o ,$ve ,$"e o" ($%n$! un!$, h$& or her (e!h ...

Art!c&e L. ****90

E*h $n($v$(u, &h,,' !o%e!her $!h !he he,!h *re pro"e&&$on, n( $n !he ,$%h! o" !he $n"or#!$on prov$(e( n( !he re*o##en(!$on& #(e ) !he ,!!er' !-e !he(e*$&$on& *on*ern$n% h$& or her on he,!h.

The (o*!or #u&! re&pe*! !he $n($v$(u,& $&he& "!er $n"or#$n% h$# or her o" !he*on&ePuen*e& o" !he *ho$*e& #(e ...

No #e($*, *! or !re!#en! # )e (#$n$&!ere( $!hou! !he "ree n( $n"or#e(*on&en! o" !he p!$en!' h$*h # )e $!h(rn ! n !$#e.

here !he $n($v$(u, $& un),e !o e7pre&& h$& or her $&he&' no $n!erven!$on or e7#$n!$on # )e *rr$e( ou!' e7*ep! $n *&e& o" ur%en* or $#po&&$)$,$!' $!hou!!he per&on o" !ru&! re"erre( !o $n Ar!$*,e L. 11116 or !he "#$, or' "$,$n% !h$&'

per&on *,o&e !o !he p!$en! hv$n% )een *on&u,!e(.


19/60

1K LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT

here !he $n($v$(u, $& un),e !o e7pre&& h$& or her $&he&' no (e*$&$on !o ,$#$! or $!h(r !re!#en!' here &u*h #e&ure ou,( en(n%er !he p!$en!& ,$"e' # )e!-en $!hou! !he *o,,e*!$ve pro*e(ure (e"$ne( $n !he Co(e o" Me($*, E!h$*& hv$n%

)een "o,,oe( n( $!hou! !he per&on o" !ru&! re"erre( !o $n Ar!$*,e L. 11116 or !he"#$, or' "$,$n% !h$&' per&on *,o&e !o !he p!$en! hv$n% )een *on&u,!e(' n( $!hou!n (vn*e ($re*!$ve& $&&ue( ) !he p!$en! hv$n% )een e7#$ne(. The (e*$&$on !o,$#$! or $!h(r !re!#en!' !o%e!her $!h !he re&on& "or $!' &h,, )e re*or(e( $n !he

p!$en!& "$,e ...

Art!c&e L. ****9

A,, (u,!& # (e&$%n!e per&on o" !ru&!' ho # )e re,!$ve' no!her per&on*,o&e !o !he (u,!' or h$& or her u&u, (o*!or' n( ho $,, )e *on&u,!e( $n !he even!!h! !he p!$en! $& un),e !o e7pre&& h$& or her $&he& n( !o re*e$ve !he ne*e&&r$n"or#!$on "or !h! purpo&e. The (e&$%n!$on &h,, )e #(e $n r$!$n% n( # )erevo-e( ! n !$#e. Shou,( !he p!$en! &o $&h' !he per&on o" !ru&! # prov$(e

&uppor! n( !!en( #e($*, *on&u,!!$on& $!h !he p!$en! $n or(er !o &&$&! h$# or her $n #-$n% (e*$&$on&.

henever he or &he $& (#$!!e( !o he,!h *re e&!),$&h#en!' !he p!$en! &h,, )eo""ere( !he po&&$)$,$! o" (e&$%n!$n% per&on o" !ru&! $n !he *on($!$on& ,$( (on $n!he pre*e($n% pr%rph. The (e&$%n!$on &h,, )e v,$( "or !he (ur!$on o" !he

p!$en!& ho&p$!,$&!$on' un,e&& he or &he (e*$(e& o!her$&e ...

Art!c&e L. ****9**

A,, (u,!& # (r up (vn*e ($re*!$ve& $n *&e !he &hou,( )e*o#e un),e !oe7pre&& !he$r $&he&. The&e &h,, $n($*!e !he $&he& o" !he $n($v$(u, *on*erne( &re%r(& !he *on($!$on& $n h$*h !re!#en! # )e ,$#$!e( or $!h(rn $n nen(6o"6,$"e &$!u!$on. The # )e revo-e( ! n !$#e.

:rov$(e( !he ere (rn up ,e&& !hn !hree er& )e"ore !he $n($v$(u, )e*#eun*on&*$ou&' !he (o*!or &h,, !-e !he# $n!o **oun! $n n (e*$&$on !o *rr ou!e7#$n!$on&' $n!erven!$on& or !re!#en! $n re&pe*! o" !he per&on *on*erne( ...

5. The *o,,e*!$ve pro*e(ure prov$(e( "or $n !he "$"!h pr%rph o" Ar!$*,e L. 11116 o" !he Co(e $& (e&*r$)e( $n (e!$, $n Ar!$*,e R. 12?6@?'h$*h "or#& pr! o" !he Co(e o" Me($*, E!h$*& n( re(& & "o,,o&+

/. The (o*!or &h,, ! ,, !$#e& en(evour !o ,,ev$!e &u""er$n% ) !he #en& #o&!ppropr$!e !o !he p!$en!& *on($!$on' n( prov$(e #or, &uppor!. He or &he &h,,re"r$n "ro# n unre&on),e o)&!$n* $n *rr$n% ou! e7#$n!$on& or !re!#en!n( # (e*$(e !o $!hho,( or ($&*on!$nue !re!#en! h$*h pper& "u!$,e or

($&propor!$on!e or !he on, purpo&e or e""e*! o" h$*h $& !o &u&!$n ,$"e r!$"$*$,,.//. /n !he *&e& *on!e#p,!e( $n !he "$"!h pr%rph o" Ar!$*,e L. 11116 n( !he "$r&!

pr%rph o" Ar!$*,e L. 111161@' !he (e*$&$on !o ,$#$! or $!h(r !he !re!#en!(#$n$&!ere( # no! )e !-en un,e&& *o,,e*!$ve pro*e(ure h& "$r&! )een$#p,e#en!e(. The (o*!or # &e! !he *o,,e*!$ve pro*e(ure $n #o!$on on h$& or her on$n$!$!$ve. He or &he &h,, )e rePu$re( !o (o &o $n !he ,$%h! o" n (vn*e ($re*!$ve&%$ven ) !he p!$en! n( &u)#$!!e( ) one o" !he per&on& $n po&&e&&$on o" !he##en!$one( $n Ar!$*,e R. 111161' or ! !he rePue&! o" !he per&on o" !ru&!' !he "#$, or'"$,$n% !h$&' no!her per&on *,o&e !o !he p!$en!. The per&on& $n po&&e&&$on o" !he

p!$en!& (vn*e ($re*!$ve&' !he per&on o" !ru&!' !he "#$, or' here ppropr$!e'no!her per&on *,o&e !o !he p!$en! &h,, )e $n"or#e( & &oon & !he (e*$&$on h& )een!-en !o $#p,e#en! !he *o,,e*!$ve pro*e(ure.


20/60


The (e*$&$on !o ,$#$! or $!h(r !re!#en! &h,, )e !-en ) !he (o*!or $n *hr%e o" !he p!$en!' "!er *on&u,!!$on $!h !he *re !e# here !h$& e7$&!&' n( on !he )&$& o" !he re&one( op$n$on o" ! ,e&! one (o*!or *!$n% & *on&u,!n!. There #u&! )e noh$err*h$*, ,$n- )e!een !he (o*!or $n *hr%e o" !he p!$en! n( !he *on&u,!n!. There&one( op$n$on o" &e*on( *on&u,!n! &h,, )e &ou%h! ) !he&e (o*!or& $" e$!her o" !he# *on&$(er& $! ne*e&&r.

The (e*$&$on !o ,$#$! or $!h(r !re!#en! &h,, !-e $n!o **oun! n $&he& prev$ou&, e7pre&&e( ) !he p!$en!' $n pr!$*u,r $n !he "or# o" (vn*e ($re*!$ve&' $" n' !he v$e& o" !he per&on o" !ru&! !he p!$en! # hve (e&$%n!e( n( !ho&e o" !he"#$, or' "$,$n% !h$&' o" no!her per&on *,o&e !o !he p!$en!. ...

Re&on& &h,, )e %$ven "or n (e*$&$on !o ,$#$! or $!h(r !re!#en!. The op$n$on&re*e$ve(' !he n!ure n( !enor o" !he *on&u,!!$on& he,( $!h$n !he *re !e# n( !here&on& "or !he (e*$&$on &h,, )e re*or(e( $n !he p!$en!& "$,e. The per&on o" !ru&!' $" one h& )een (e&$%n!e(' !he "#$, or' "$,$n% !h$&' no!her per&on *,o&e !o !he p!$en!'

&h,, )e $n"or#e( o" !he n!ure o" n( !he re&on& "or !he (e*$&$on !o ,$#$! or $!h(r!re!#en!.

///. here $! h& )een (e*$(e( !o ,$#$! or $!h(r !re!#en! un(er Ar!$*,e L. 111065n( Ar!$*,e L. 11116 or L. 111161@' $n !he *$r*u#&!n*e& prov$(e( "or $n po$n!& / n(// o" !he pre&en! Ar!$*,e' !he (o*!or' even $" !he p!$en!& &u""er$n% *nno! )e &&e&&e(on **oun! o" h$& or her *ere)r, &!!e' &h,, pu! $n p,*e !he ne*e&&r !re!#en!' $n

pr!$*u,r p$n re,$e" n( &e(!$on' !o &uppor! !he p!$en! $n **or(n*e $!h !he pr$n*$p,e& n( *on($!$on& ,$( (on $n Ar!$*,e R. 12?6@K. He or &he &h,, ,&o en&ure!h! !he per&on& *,o&e !o !he p!$en! re $n"or#e( o" !he &$!u!$on n( re*e$ve !he&uppor! !he rePu$re.

55. Ar!$*,e R. 12?6@K o" !he Co(e prov$(e&+

The (o*!or #u&! &uppor! !he ($n% per&on un!$, !he #o#en! o" (e!h' en&ure'!hrou%h ppropr$!e !re!#en! n( #e&ure&' !he Pu,$! o" ,$"e & $! ner& $!& en('

pre&erve !he p!$en!& ($%n$! n( *o#"or! !ho&e *,o&e !o h$# or her.

Do*!or& (o no! hve !he r$%h! !o !-e ,$"e $n!en!$on,,.

B. 8r!vate members5 b!&& of $* /an#ar+ $'*(

5. To #e#)er& o" :r,$#en! Mr Leone!!$ n( Mr C,e& !),e( )$,, )e"ore !he N!$on, A&&e#), on 21 Jnur 2015 propo&$n% $n pr!$*u,r !he "o,,o$n% #en(#en!& !o !he A*! o" 22 Apr$, 2005+

6 &e*!$on 2 o" !he )$,, &pe*$"$e& !h! r!$"$*$, nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on

*on&!$!u!e "or# o" !re!#en!V6 (vn*e ($re*!$ve& re !o )e )$n($n% on !he (o*!or n( !here $,, no,on%er )e !$#e6,$#$! on !he$r v,$($! !he re *urren!, v,$( "or !hreeer&' !he$r (r"!$n% $,, )e &u)e*! !o pre&*r$)e( pro*e(ure n( !he $,,

)e #ore **e&&$),e. here !here re no (vn*e ($re*!$ve&' !he ro,e o" !he per&on o" !ru&! $& &pe,,e( ou! !he ,!!er& !&- $& !o e7pre&& !he p!$en!&$&he&' n( h$& or her !e&!$#on !-e& pre*e(en*e over n o!herV

6 !he )$,, e7pre&&, *-no,e(%e& !h! ever $n($v$(u, h& !he r$%h! !ore"u&e or no! !o un(er%o n !re!#en! n( !h! !he (o*!or *nno! $n&$&! on*on!$nu$n% $!h $! prev$ou& or($n%. Never!he,e&&' !he (o*!or #u&!


21/60


*on!$nue !o prov$(e &uppor! !o !he p!$en!' pr!$*u,r, $n !he "or# o" p,,$!$ve *reV

6 !he r$%h! no! !o &u""er $& re*o%n$&e( !he (o*!or #u&! pu! $n p,*e ,,v$,),e p$n re,$e" n( &e(!$on !o (e, $!h &u""er$n% $n !he (vn*e( or !er#$n, &!%e&' even $" !he&e # hve !he e""e*! o" &hor!en$n% !he !$#e ,e"!!o ,$veV

6 !he r$%h! o" p!$en!& $n !he !er#$n, &!%e& !o (eep' *on!$nuou& &e(!$onun!$, (e!h $& ,&o re*o%n$&e(+ !he $!h(r, o" !re!#en! $n*,u($n%r!$"$*$, nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on #u&! ,& )e **o#pn$e( ) &e(!$on.here !he p!$en! $& $n*p),e o" e7pre&&$n% h$& or her $&he& !he )$,,

prov$(e& Z &u)e*! !o **oun! )e$n% !-en o" !he p!$en!& $&he& n( $n**or(n*e $!h *o,,e*!$ve pro*e(ure Z !h! !he (o*!or $& rePu$re( !o($&*on!$nue or $!hho,( !re!#en! h$*h h& no o!her e""e*! !hn !o &u&!$n

,$"e r!$"$*$,, $n !he *urren! or($n%' !he (o*!or may ($&*on!$nue &u*h!re!#en!. /" !he&e *r$!er$ re #e!' !he p!$en! h& !he r$%h! !o (eep'*on!$nuou& &e(!$on un!$, (e!h o**ur&.

The )$,, & (op!e( on 1? Mr*h 2015 ) !he N!$on, A&&e#), n( $&*urren!, )e$n% e7#$ne( $n !he Sen!e.

C. Adm!n!strat!ve Co#rts Code

5?. Ar!$*,e L. 52162 o" !he A(#$n$&!r!$ve Cour!& Co(e' *on*ern$n%ur%en! pp,$*!$on& "or pro!e*!$on o" "un(#en!, "ree(o#' re(& &

"o,,o&+here &u*h n pp,$*!$on $& &u)#$!!e( !o h$# or her & n ur%en! #!!er' !he

ur%en!6pp,$*!$on& u(%e # or(er h!ever #e&ure& re ne*e&&r !o pro!e*! "un(#en!, "ree(o# h$*h h& ,,e%e(, )een )re*he( $n &er$ou& n( #n$"e&!,un,"u, #nner ) pu),$*6, en!$! or n or%n$&!$on %overne( ) pr$v!e ,re&pon&$),e "or #n%$n% pu),$* &erv$*e' $n !he e7er*$&e o" !he$r poer&. Theur%en!6pp,$*!$on& u(%e &h,, ru,e $!h$n "or!6e$%h! hour&.

5K. Ar!$*,e R. 256@ o" !he &#e Co(e prov$(e&+

The )en*h e7#$n$n% !he *&e # *,, on n per&on ho&e e7per!$&e or -no,e(%e #$%h! u&e"u,, $n"or# $!& (e!er#$n!$on o" !he *&e !o &u)#$! %ener,o)&erv!$on& on !he po$n!& $n $&&ue.

The op$n$on &h,, )e &u)#$!!e( $n r$!$n%. /! &h,, )e *o##un$*!e( !o !he pr!$e& ...

///. COUNC/L OF EURO:E MATER/ALS

A. The Ov!edo Convent!on on H#man R!-hts and B!omed!c!ne

5. The Conven!$on "or !he :ro!e*!$on o" Hu#n R$%h!& n( D$%n$! o" !he Hu#n Be$n% $!h re%r( !o !he App,$*!$on o" B$o,o% n( Me($*$ne


22/60


-non & !he Ov$e(o Conven!$on on Hu#n R$%h!& n( B$o#e($*$ne'h$*h & (op!e( $n 1? n( en!ere( $n!o "or*e on 1 De*e#)er 1' h&

)een r!$"$e( ) !en!6n$ne o" !he Coun*$, o" Europe #e#)er S!!e&. /!&re,evn! prov$&$on& re( & "o,,o&+

Art!c&e * : 8#r%ose and ob)ect

:r!$e& !o !h$& Conven!$on &h,, pro!e*! !he ($%n$! n( $(en!$! o" ,, hu#n )e$n%&n( %urn!ee everone' $!hou! ($&*r$#$n!$on' re&pe*! "or !he$r $n!e%r$! n( o!her r$%h!& n( "un(#en!, "ree(o#& $!h re%r( !o !he pp,$*!$on o" )$o,o% n(#e($*$ne. ...

Art!c&e ( : 7enera& r#&e

An $n!erven!$on $n !he he,!h "$e,( # on, )e *rr$e( ou! "!er !he per&on*on*erne( h& %$ven "ree n( $n"or#e( *on&en! !o $!.

Th$& per&on &h,, )e"orehn( )e %$ven ppropr$!e $n"or#!$on & !o !he purpo&e n(n!ure o" !he $n!erven!$on & e,, & on $!& *on&ePuen*e& n( r$&-&.

The per&on *on*erne( # "ree, $!h(r *on&en! ! n !$#e.

Art!c&e : 8rotect!on of %ersons not ab&e to consent

1. Su)e*! !o Ar!$*,e& 1? n( 20 )e,o' n $n!erven!$on # on, )e *rr$e( ou! on per&on ho (oe& no! hve !he *p*$! !o *on&en!' "or h$& or her ($re*! )ene"$!.

...

@. here' **or($n% !o ,' n (u,! (oe& no! hve !he *p*$! !o *on&en! !o n$n!erven!$on )e*u&e o" #en!, ($&)$,$!' ($&e&e or "or &$#$,r re&on&' !he

$n!erven!$on # on, )e *rr$e( ou! $!h !he u!hor$&!$on o" h$& or her repre&en!!$veor n u!hor$! or per&on or )o( prov$(e( "or ) ,.

The $n($v$(u, *on*erne( &h,, & "r & po&&$),e !-e pr! $n !he u!hor$&!$on pro*e(ure.

. The repre&en!!$ve' !he u!hor$!' !he per&on or !he )o( #en!$one( $n pr%rph&2 n( @ )ove &h,, )e %$ven' un(er !he &#e *on($!$on&' !he $n"or#!$on re"erre( !o $nAr!$*,e 5.

5. The u!hor$&!$on re"erre( !o $n pr%rph& 2 n( @ )ove # )e $!h(rn !n !$#e $n !he )e&! $n!ere&!& o" !he per&on *on*erne(.

Art!c&e ; : 8rev!o#s&+ e1%ressed 6!shes

The prev$ou&, e7pre&&e( $&he& re,!$n% !o #e($*, $n!erven!$on ) p!$en!ho $& no!' ! !he !$#e o" !he $n!erven!$on' $n &!!e !o e7pre&& h$& or her $&he& &h,,

)e !-en $n!o **oun!.

B. The 7#!de on the dec!s!on9ma"!n- %rocess re-ard!n- med!ca&

treatment !n end9of9&!fe s!t#at!ons

0. Th$& %u$(e & (rn up ) !he Co##$!!ee on B$oe!h$*& o" !heCoun*$, o" Europe $n !he *our&e o" $!& or- on p!$en!& r$%h!& n( $!h !he


23/60


$n!en!$on o" "*$,$!!$n% !he $#p,e#en!!$on o" !he pr$n*$p,e& en&hr$ne( $n !heOv$e(o Conven!$on.

/!& $#& re !o propo&e re"eren*e po$n!& "or !he $#p,e#en!!$on o" !he(e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&& re%r($n% #e($*, !re!#en! $n en(6o"6,$"e&$!u!$on&' !o )r$n% !o%e!her )o!h nor#!$ve n( e!h$*, re"eren*e or-& n(e,e#en!& re,!$n% !o %oo( #e($*, pr*!$*e o" u&e !o he,!h *re

pro"e&&$on,& (e,$n% $!h !he $#p,e#en!!$on o" !he (e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&&' n( !o *on!r$)u!e' !hrou%h !he *,r$"$*!$on $! prov$(e&' !o !heover,, ($&*u&&$on on !he &u)e*!.

1. The %u$(e *$!e& & !he e!h$*, n( ,e%, "r#e& o" re"eren*e "or !he(e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&& !he pr$n*$p,e& o" u!ono# "ree' $n"or#e( n(

pr$or *on&en! o" !he p!$en!' )ene"$*en*e n( non6#,e"$*en*e' n( u&!$*eePu$!),e **e&& !o he,!h *re. /! &pe*$"$e& !h! (o*!or& #u&! no! ($&pen&e

!re!#en! h$*h $& nee(,e&& or ($&propor!$on!e $n v$e o" !he r$&-& n(*on&!r$n!& $! en!$,&. The #u&! prov$(e p!$en!& $!h !re!#en! !h! $&

propor!$on!e n( &u$!e( !o !he$r &$!u!$on. The ,&o hve (u! !o !-e *reo" !he$r p!$en!&' e&e !he$r &u""er$n% n( prov$(e !he# $!h &uppor!.

Tre!#en! *over& $n!erven!$on& ho&e $# $& !o $#prove p!$en!& &!!eo" he,!h ) *!$n% on !he *u&e& o" !he $,,ne&&' )u! ,&o $n!erven!$on& h$*hhve no )er$n% on !he e!$o,o% o" !he $,,ne&& )u! *! on !he &#p!o#&' or h$*h re re&pon&e& !o n or%n (&"un*!$on. Un(er !he he($n% D$&pu!e($&&ue&' !he Gu$(e &!!e& & "o,,o&+

The


24/60

LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT 2@

$#p,e#en!$n% or *on!$nu$n% r!$"$*$, h(r!$on n( nu!r$!$on re ne*e&&r "or !he*o#"or! o" p!$en! $n n en(6o"6,$"e &$!u!$on. For o!her&' !he )ene"$! o" r!$"$*$,h(r!$on n( nu!r$!$on "or !he p!$en! $n !he !er#$n, ph&e' !-$n% $n!o **oun!re&er*h $n p,,$!$ve *re' $& Pue&!$on),e.

2. The %u$(e *on*ern& !he (e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&& re%r($n% #e($*,!re!#en! & $! pp,$e& !o en(6o"6,$"e &$!u!$on& $n*,u($n% $!&$#p,e#en!!$on' #o($"$*!$on' (p!!$on' ,$#$!!$on or $!h(r,. /! (oe&no! ((re&& !he $&&ue& o" eu!hn&$ or &&$&!e( &u$*$(e' h$*h &o#e n!$on,,e%$&,!$on& u!hor$&e.

@. h$,e o!her pr!$e& re $nvo,ve( $n !he (e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&&' !he%u$(e &!re&&e& !h! !he pr$n*$p, pr! $& !he p!$en! h$#&e," or her&e,". hen!he p!$en! *nno! or *n no ,on%er !-e pr! $n #-$n% (e*$&$on&' !he $,,

)e !-en ) !h$r( pr! **or($n% !o !he pro*e(ure& ,$( (on $n !he

re,evn! n!$on, ,e%$&,!$on. Hoever' !he p!$en! &hou,( none!he,e&& )e$nvo,ve( $n !he (e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&& ) #en& o" n prev$ou&,e7pre&&e( $&he&. The %u$(e ,$&!& !he vr$ou& "or#& !he&e # !-e+ !he

p!$en! # hve *on"$(e( h$& or her $n!en!$on& or,, !o "#$, #e#)er' *,o&e "r$en( or per&on o" !ru&! (e&$%n!e( & &u*hV or !he # )e &e! (on"or#,,' $n (vn*e ($re*!$ve& or ,$v$n% $,, or & poer& %rn!e( !ono!her per&on' &o#e!$#e& re"erre( !o & poer& o" "u!ure pro!e*!$onmandat de potection futue.

. O!her per&on& $nvo,ve( $n !he (e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&& # $n*,u(e!he p!$en!& ,e%, repre&en!!$ve or per&on %rn!e( poer o" !!orne'"#$, #e#)er& n( *,o&e "r$en(&' n( !he *rer&. The %u$(e &!re&&e& !h!

(o*!or& hve v$!,' no! !o & pr$#r ro,e )e*u&e o" !he$r )$,$! !oppr$&e !he p!$en!& &$!u!$on "ro# #e($*, v$epo$n!. here p!$en!&re no!' or re no ,on%er' ),e !o e7pre&& !he$r $&he&' (o*!or& re !he peop,eho' $n !he *on!e7! o" !he *o,,e*!$ve (e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&&' hv$n%$nvo,ve( ,, !he he,!h *re pro"e&&$on,& *on*erne(' $,, !-e !he *,$n$*,(e*$&$on %u$(e( ) !he )e&! $n!ere&!& o" !he p!$en!. To !h$& en(' !he $,,hve !-en no!e o" ,, !he re,evn! e,e#en!& *on&u,!!$on o" "#$,#e#)er&' *,o&e "r$en(&' !he per&on o" !ru&!' n( &o on n( !-en $n!o**oun! n prev$ou&, e7pre&&e( $&he&. /n &o#e &&!e#& !he (e*$&$on $&!-en ) !h$r( pr!' )u! $n ,, *&e& (o*!or& re !he one& !o en&ure !h! !he(e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&& $& proper, *on(u*!e(.

5. The %u$(e re$!er!e& !h! !he p!$en! &hou,( ,& )e ! !he *en!re o" n (e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&&' h$*h !-e& on *o,,e*!$ve ($#en&$on hen!he p!$en! $& no ,on%er $,,$n% or ),e !o pr!$*$p!e $n $! ($re*!,. The %u$(e$(en!$"$e& !hree #$n &!%e& $n !he (e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&&+ n $n($v$(u,&!%e e*h pr! "or#& h$& or her r%u#en!& on !he )&$& o" !he $n"or#!$on%!here(' *o,,e*!$ve &!%e !he vr$ou& pr!$e& !-e pr! $n e7*hn%e& n(($&*u&&$on& n( *on*,u($n% &!%e hen !he *!u, (e*$&$on $& !-en.

. The %u$(e po$n!& ou! !h! &o#e!$#e&' here po&$!$on& ($ver%e&$%n$"$*n!, or !he Pue&!$on $& h$%h, *o#p,e7 or &pe*$"$*' !here # )e


25/60


nee( !o #-e prov$&$on !o *on&u,! !h$r( pr!$e& e$!her !o *on!r$)u!e !o !he(e)!e' !o over*o#e pro),e# or !o re&o,ve *on",$*!. The *on&u,!!$on o"

*,$n$*, e!h$*& *o##$!!ee #' "or e7#p,e' )e ppropr$!e. A! !he en( o" !he *o,,e*!$ve ($&*u&&$on' %ree#en! #u&! )e re*he(. A *on*,u&$on #u&! )e(rn n( v,$(!e( *o,,e*!$ve, n( !hen "or#,$&e( $n r$!$n%.

?. /" !he (e*$&$on $& !-en ) !he (o*!or' $! &hou,( )e !-en on !he )&$&o" !he *on*,u&$on& o" !he *o,,e*!$ve ($&*u&&$on n( )e nnoun*e(' &ppropr$!e' !o !he p!$en!' !he per&on o" !ru&! n(or !he en!our%e o" !he

p!$en!' !he *re !e# n( !he !h$r( pr!$e& *on*erne( ho hve !-en pr! $n!he pro*e&&. The (e*$&$on &hou,( ,&o )e "or#,$&e( $n !he "or# o" r$!!en&u##r o" !he re&on& n( -ep! $n n $(en!$"$e( p,*e.

K. The %u$(e h$%h,$%h!& !he ($&pu!e( n!ure o" !he u&e o" (eep &e(!$on$n !he !er#$n, ph&e' h$*h # hve !he e""e*! o" &hor!en$n% !he !$#e ,e"!

!o ,$ve. L&!,' $! &u%%e&!& n ev,u!$on o" !he (e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&& "!er $!& pp,$*!$on.

C. Comm!ttee of M!n!sters Recommendat!on

. /n Re*o##en(!$on CMRe*20011 on pr$n*$p,e& *on*ern$n%*on!$nu$n% poer& o" !!orne n( (vn*e ($re*!$ve& "or $n*p*$!' !heCo##$!!ee o" M$n$&!er& re*o##en(e( !o #e#)er S!!e& !h! !he pro#o!e!he&e pr*!$*e&' n( (e"$ne( nu#)er o" pr$n*$p,e& !o &&$&! #e#)er S!!e&$n re%u,!$n% !he#.

D. 8ar&!amentar+ Assemb&+ mater!a&s

?0. /n Re*o##en(!$on 11K 1 on pro!e*!$on o" !he hu#n r$%h!&n( ($%n$! o" !he !er#$n,, $,, n( !he ($n%' !he :r,$#en!r A&&e#),re*o##en(e( !o !he Co##$!!ee o" M$n$&!er& !h! $! en*our%e !he #e#)er S!!e& !o re&pe*! n( pro!e*! !he ($%n$! o" !er#$n,, $,, or ($n% per&on& $n,, re&pe*!&' $n*,u($n% !he$r r$%h! !o &e,"6(e!er#$n!$on' h$,e !-$n% !hene*e&&r #e&ure&+

$ !o en&ure !h! p!$en!& (vn*e ($re*!$ve& or ,$v$n% $,,& re"u&$n%&pe*$"$* #e($*, !re!#en!& re o)&erve(' here !he p!$en!& re no ,on%er

),e !o e7pre&& !he$r $&he&V$$ !o en&ure !h! 6 no!$!h&!n($n% !he ph&$*$n& u,!$#!e !herpeu!$*

re&pon&$)$,$! 6 !he $&he& !he hve e7pre&&e( $!h re%r( !o pr!$*u,r "or#& o" !re!#en! re !-en $n!o **oun!' prov$(e( !h$& (oe& no! v$o,!e!he$r hu#n ($%n$!.

?1. :r,$#en!r A&&e#), Re&o,u!$on 1K5 2012 en!$!,e( :ro!e*!$n%hu#n r$%h!& n( ($%n$! ) !-$n% $n!o **oun! prev$ou&, e7pre&&e($&he& o" p!$en!& re$!er!e& !he pr$n*$p,e& o" per&on, u!ono# n(*on&en! en&hr$ne( $n !he Ov$e(o Conven!$on &ee pr%rph 5 )ove'**or($n% !o h$*h no one *n )e *o#pe,,e( !o un(er%o n #e($*,


26/60


!re!#en! %$n&! h$& or her $,,. The Re&o,u!$on ,& (on %u$(e,$ne& "or n!$on, pr,$#en!& $n re,!$on !o (vn*e ($re*!$ve&' ,$v$n% $,,& n(

*on!$nu$n% poer& o" !!orne.

/. COM:ARAT/E LA

A. Le-!s&at!on and %ract!ce !n Co#nc!& of E#ro%e member States

?2. A**or($n% !o !he $n"or#!$on v$,),e !o !he Cour! *on*ern$n% @ o" !he ? Coun*$, o" Europe #e#)er S!!e&' no *on&en&u& e7$&!& $n pr*!$*e $n"vour o" u!hor$&$n% !he $!h(r, o" !re!#en! (e&$%ne( on, !o pro,on%,$"e r!$"$*$,,. /n !he #or$! o" *oun!r$e&' !re!#en! # )e $!h(rn

&u)e*! !o *er!$n *on($!$on&. /n o!her *oun!r$e& !he ,e%$&,!$on proh$)$!&$!h(r, or $& &$,en! on !he &u)e*!.?@. /n !ho&e *oun!r$e& h$*h per#$! $!' !h$& po&&$)$,$! $& prov$(e( "or

e$!her $n ,e%$&,!$on or $n non6)$n($n% $n&!ru#en!&' #o&! o"!en $n *o(e o" #e($*, e!h$*&. /n /!,' $n !he )&en*e o" ,e%, "r#eor-' !he $!h(r,o" !re!#en! h& )een re*o%n$&e( $n !he *our!& *&e6,.

?. A,!hou%h !he (e!$,e( rrn%e#en!& "or !he $!h(r, o" !re!#en!vr "ro# one *oun!r !o no!her' !here $& *on&en&u& & !o !he pr#oun!$#por!n*e o" !he p!$en!& $&he& $n !he (e*$&$on6#-$n% pro*e&&. A& !he

pr$n*$p,e o" *on&en! !o #e($*, *re $& one o" !he &pe*!& o" !he r$%h! !ore&pe*! "or pr$v!e ,$"e' S!!e& hve pu! $n p,*e ($""eren! pro*e(ure& !o

en&ure !h! *on&en! $& e7pre&&e( or !o ver$" $!& e7$&!en*e.?5. A,, !he ,e%$&,!$on ,,o$n% !re!#en! !o )e $!h(rn #-e& prov$&$on "or p!$en!& !o $&&ue (vn*e ($re*!$ve&. /n !he )&en*e o" &u*h($re*!$ve&' !he (e*$&$on ,$e& $!h !h$r( pr!' he!her $! )e !he (o*!or !re!$n% !he p!$en!' per&on& *,o&e !o !he p!$en! or h$& or her ,e%,repre&en!!$ve' or even !he *our!&. /n ,, *&e&' !he $nvo,ve#en! o" !ho&e*,o&e !o !he p!$en! $& po&&$),e' ,!hou%h !he ,e%$&,!$on (oe& no! *hoo&e

)e!een !he# $n !he even! o" ($&%ree#en!. Hoever' &o#e *oun!r$e&oper!e h$err*h #on% per&on& *,o&e !o !he p!$en! n( %$ve pr$or$! !o!he &pou&e& $&he&.

?. /n (($!$on !o !he rePu$re#en! !o &ee- !he p!$en!& *on&en!' !he

$!h(r, o" !re!#en! $& ,&o &u)e*! !o o!her *on($!$on&. Depen($n% on!he *oun!r' !he p!$en! #u&! )e ($n% or )e &u""er$n% "ro# *on($!$on $!h&er$ou& n( $rrever&$),e #e($*, *on&ePuen*e&' !he !re!#en! #u&! no ,on%er

)e $n !he p!$en!& )e&! $n!ere&!&' $! #u&! )e "u!$,e' or $!h(r, #u&! )e pre*e(e( ) n o)&erv!$on ph&e o" &u""$*$en! (ur!$on n( ) rev$e o" !he p!$en!& *on($!$on.


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B. Observat!ons of the H#man R!-hts C&!n!c

??. The Hu#n R$%h!& C,$n$*' !h$r(6pr! $n!ervener &ee pr%rph K)ove' pre&en!e( n overv$e o" n!$on, ,e%$&,!$on n( pr*!$*e*on*ern$n% *!$ve n( p&&$ve eu!hn&$ n( &&$&!e( &u$*$(e $n Europe n(A#er$*.

?K. The &urve *on*,u(e& !h! no *on&en&u& *urren!, e7$&!& #on% !he#e#)er S!!e& o" !he Coun*$, o" Europe' or $n !he o!her *oun!r$e& &urvee('re%r($n% !he u!hor$&!$on o" &&$&!e( &u$*$(e or eu!hn&$.

?. Hoever' !here $& *on&en&u& on !he nee( "or p&&$ve eu!hn&$ !o )e!$%h!, re%u,!e( $n !ho&e *oun!r$e& h$*h per#$! $!. /n !h! *onne*!$on e*h*oun!r ,& (on *r$!er$ $n $!& ,e%$&,!$on "or (e!er#$n$n% !he po$n! !h$*h eu!hn&$ # )e per"or#e(' $n !he ,$%h! o" !he p!$en!& *on($!$on

n( $n or(er !o #-e &ure !h! he or &he h& *on&en!e( !o !he #e&ure. Never!he,e&&' !he&e *r$!er$ vr ppre*$), "ro# one *oun!r !o no!her.

THE LA

/. STAND/NG TO ACT /N THE NAME AND ON BEHALF OF/NCENT LAMBERT

K0. The pp,$*n!& &u)#$!!e( !h! !he $!h(r, o" $n*en! L#)er!&r!$"$*$, nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on ou,( )e $n )re*h o" !he S!!e&o),$%!$on& un(er Ar!$*,e 2 o" !he Conven!$on. /n !he$r v$e' (epr$v$n% h$#o" nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on ou,( *on&!$!u!e $,,6!re!#en! #oun!$n% !o!or!ure $!h$n !he #en$n% o" Ar!$*,e @ o" !he Conven!$on. The "ur!her r%ue( !h! !he ,*- o" ph&$o!herp &$n*e O*!o)er 2012 n( !he ,*- o" !herp !o re&!ore !he &,,o$n% re",e7 #oun!e( !o $nhu#n n((e%r($n% !re!#en! $n )re*h o" !h! prov$&$on. L&!,' !he &u)#$!!e( !h!!he $!h(r, o" nu!r$!$on n( h(r!$on ou,( ,&o $n"r$n%e $n*en!L#)er!& ph&$*, $n!e%r$!' $n )re*h o" Ar!$*,e K o" !he Conven!$on.

K1. Ar!$*,e& 2' @ n( K o" !he Conven!$on re( & "o,,o&+

Art!c&e $

1. Everone& r$%h! !o ,$"e &h,, )e pro!e*!e( ) ,. No one &h,, )e (epr$ve( o" h$& ,$"e $n!en!$on,, ...

Art!c&e ,

No one &h,, )e &u)e*!e( !o !or!ure or !o $nhu#n or (e%r($n% !re!#en! or pun$&h#en!.


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LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT 2?

Art!c&e =

1. Everone h& !he r$%h! !o re&pe*! "or h$& pr$v!e n( "#$, ,$"e' h$& ho#e n(

h$& *orre&pon(en*e.2. There &h,, )e no $n!er"eren*e ) pu),$* u!hor$! $!h !he e7er*$&e o" !h$& r$%h!

e7*ep! &u*h & $& $n **or(n*e $!h !he , n( $& ne*e&&r $n (e#o*r!$* &o*$e!$n !he $n!ere&!& o" n!$on, &e*ur$!' pu),$* &"e! or !he e*ono#$* e,,6)e$n% o" !he*oun!r' "or !he preven!$on o" ($&or(er or *r$#e' "or !he pro!e*!$on o" he,!h or #or,&'or "or !he pro!e*!$on o" !he r$%h!& n( "ree(o#& o" o!her&.

A. The a%%&!cants5 stand!n- to act !n the name and on beha&f of

4!ncent Lambert

1. The paties submissions

2a3 The 7overnment

K2. The Govern#en! o)&erve( !h! !he pp,$*n!& h( no! &!!e( !h! !he$&he( !o *! on $n*en! L#)er!& )eh,"' n( *on&$(ere( !he Pue&!$onhe!her !he *ou,( pp, !o !he Cour! on h$& )eh," !o )e (evo$( o" purpo&e.

2b3 The a%%&!cants

K@. The pp,$*n!& &u)#$!!e( !h! n $n($v$(u,' $rre&pe*!$ve o" h$& or her ($&)$,$!' &hou,( )e ),e !o )ene"$! "ro# !he %urn!ee& ""or(e( ) !heConven!$on' $n*,u($n% here he or &he h( no repre&en!!$ve. The &!re&&e(!h! !he$r &!n($n% or $n!ere&! $n )r$n%$n% pro*ee($n%& h( never )een*h,,en%e( )e"ore !he (o#e&!$* *our!&' & Fren*h , %ve !he "#$, o"

per&on ho&e !re!#en! $! & propo&e( !o $!h(r !he r$%h! !o e7pre&& v$e on !he #e&ure $n Pue&!$on. Th$& ne*e&&r$, en!$,e( &!n($n% !o *! $n*our! pro*ee($n%& no! on, on !he$r on )eh," )u! ,&o on )eh," o" !he

p!$en!.K. C$!$n% !he *r$!er$ e&!),$&he( ) !he Cour! $n !he 5och !. %emany

u(%#en! no. ?0' @ e! &eP.' 1 Ju, 2012' !he pp,$*n!& &u)#$!!e(!h! !ho&e *r$!er$ ere &!$&"$e( $n !he pre&en! *&e )e*u&e !he *&e*on*erne( #!!er o" %ener, $n!ere&! n( )e*u&e o" !he$r *,o&e "#$, !$e&n( !he$r per&on, $n!ere&! $n !he pro*ee($n%&. The &!re&&e( !h! !he h(

pp,$e( !o !he (o#e&!$* *our!& n( !hen !o !he Cour! $n or(er !o &&er!$n*en! L#)er!& "un(#en!, r$%h!& un(er Ar!$*,e& 2 n( @ h$*h heh$#&e," & un),e !o &&er! n( h$*h h$& $"e *ou,( no! $nvo-e e$!her &$n*e &he h( **ep!e( !he #e($*, (e*$&$on $n $&&ue.

2c3 The !nd!v!d#a& th!rd9%art+ !nterveners

K5. R*he, L#)er!' $n*en! L#)er!& $"e' &u)#$!!e( !h! !hepp,$*n!& ($( no! hve &!n($n% !o *! on )eh," o" $n*en! L#)er!. She

po$n!e( ou! !h! !he Cour! h( )een prepre( !o re*o%n$&e !he &!n($n% o" re,!$ve e$!her hen !he *o#p,$n!& r$&e( n $&&ue o" %ener, $n!ere&!


29/60

2K LAMBERT AND OTHERS v. FRANCE JUDGMENT

per!$n$n% !o re&pe*! "or hu#n r$%h!& n( !he per&on *on*erne(' & he$r'h( ,e%$!$#!e $n!ere&! $n pur&u$n% !he pp,$*!$on' or on !he )&$& o" !he

($re*! e""e*! on !he pp,$*n!& on r$%h!&. Hoever' $n !he *&e o" anlesanles !. pain (e*.' no. K@@5' ECHR 20006W/' !he Cour! h( "oun(!h! !he r$%h!& &&er!e( ) !he pp,$*n! un(er Ar!$*,e& 2' @' 5 n( K o" !heConven!$on )e,on%e( !o !he *!e%or o" non6!rn&"er),e r$%h!& n( h( he,(!h! !he pp,$*n!' ho & !he &$&!er6$n6, n( ,e%$!$#!e he$r o" !he(e*e&e(' *ou,( no! *,$# !o )e !he v$*!$# o" v$o,!$on on her ,!e

)ro!her6$n6,& )eh,".K. On !he $&&ue o" repre&en!!$on' &he o)&erve( !h! $! & e&&en!$, "or

repre&en!!$ve& !o (e#on&!r!e !h! !he h( re*e$ve( &pe*$"$* n( e7p,$*$!$n&!ru*!$on& "ro# !he ,,e%e( v$*!$#. Th$& & no! !he *&e o" !he pp,$*n!&'ho h( re*e$ve( no &pe*$"$* n( e7p,$*$! $n&!ru*!$on& "ro# $n*en!

L#)er!' here& !he e7#$n!$on o" !he *&e ) !he &onseil dtat h(h$%h,$%h!e( !he "*! !h! &he her&e," h( )een !-en $n!o her hu&)n(&*on"$(en*e n( $n"or#e( o" h$& $&he&' & *orro)or!e( ) &!!e#en!&

pro(u*e( )e"ore !he (o#e&!$* *our!&.K?. FrnQo$& L#)er! n( Mr$e6Genev$ve L#)er!' $n*en! L#)er!&

nephe n( h,"6&$&!er' &u)#$!!e( !h! !he pp,$*n!& ,*-e( &!n($n% !o *!on h$& )eh,". F$r&!,' !he v$o,!$on& o" Ar!$*,e& 2' @ n( K o" !he Conven!$on,,e%e( ) !he pp,$*n!& *on*erne( non6!rn&"er),e r$%h!& !o h$*h !he*ou,( no! , *,$# on !he$r on )eh,"V &e*on(,' !he pp,$*n!& ere no!!he ,e%, repre&en!!$ve& o" $n*en! L#)er!' ho & n (u,! )orn $n1?V !h$r(,' !he$r pp,$*!$on *on!rvene( $n*en! L#)er!& "ree(o# o" *on&*$en*e n( h$& on r$%h! !o ,$"e n( $n"r$n%e( h$& pr$v*. FrnQo$&L#)er! n( Mr$e6Genev$ve L#)er! o)&erve( !h!' ,!hou%h !he Cour!h(' ) o" n e7*ep!$on' **ep!e( !h! pren!& #$%h! *! on )eh," n($n !he p,*e o" v$*!$# $n r%u$n% )re*h o" Ar!$*,e @ o" !he Conven!$on'!h$& & on, $n !he *&e o" !he v$*!$#& ($&ppern*e or (e!h n( $n*er!$n &

caso de eutanasia lambert and others v. france

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