CBMS Data Collection

CBMS Training WorkshopCape Town

Republic of South AfricaMay 7, 2013

Overview• The session shall cover discussions on the CBMS instruments

that can be used for collecting household and village level data

• Questionnaireso Household profile questionnaire (HPQ)o Village profile questionnaire (VPQ)

• Two approaches o traditional data collection—use of paper-based questionnaires (a

household profile questionnaire, and a village profile questionnaire)o use of mobile technology (e.g. tablets or mobile phones).

• Tablet (mobile) based form developmento Excel template and form generatoro Form renderero Web server

Basic factors to consider

Personnel

• (quality) CBMS Enumerators • Team leader/Supervisor• Cluster supervisors

Duration / time‐frame

• Recommended: 30‐day enumeration• Usually determines the number of enumerators per village: (n households / 10 per day / 30 days)

Budget and village size

• Depending on the track of data collection and size of village and number of enumerators

CBMS survey forms and manuals• Filled‐out through interviews by enumerators with household respondents

• Household and member information• Accompanied by a manual with discussion on concepts and definitions

HPQ 

• Additional, locale‐specific or research‐oriented information

• Developed to address specific research / policy issues (e.g. PAGE research themes)

Rider questionnaire

• Filled‐out through interviews of supervisors with the village leader

• Accompanied by a manual with discussion on concepts and definitions

VPQ 

HPQ: household information

• Poverty and subsistence incidence• Hunger incidence

Income and hunger

• Access to improved drinking water• Access to sanitary toilet

Water and sanitation

• Tenure status• Makeshift housing• Proxy indicators (internet, cellphones, etc.

Housing

HPQ: household information• Crop farming• Animal husbandry• Fishing

Agriculture

• Calamities and disaster• Effects in agriculture• Changes in temperature and sea level• Insurance

Climate change 

• State programs (e.g. conditional cash transfers, health insurance for indigents

• Other programs

Access to programs

HPQ: Member information• Indigenous people• Religion• Birth registration

Demography

• Migrant workers• Migration rateMigration

• School participation rates• Educational attainmentEducation

• Labor force• Employment• Under‐employment

Economic activity

• Malnutrition• Sickness and treatment• Mortality

Health and nutrition

CBMS rider questionnaires

• Providing social protection to the informal sector

• Youth employment and entrepreneurship

PAGE Research Themes

• Rising oil and food prices• Global Financial Crisis• Migrant remittances and entrepreneurship

Implemented Rider 

questionnaires

• Agriculture and forestry• Waste management• Tourism

Locale‐specific

VPQ 

• Urbanity• Personnel• Major source of livelihood

Physical and Demographic Characteristics

• Health, service, educational facilities

• Public transport and road networks• Electricity, water and toilet facilities• Credit and other firms

Proximity of Village Location to Basic 

Services and Service Institutions

• Reported crimesPeace and Order

VPQ 

• List of implemented programs in the village

Village Programs, Projects and Activities

• Progression of revenue and expensesBudget, Revenue, and Expenditure

• Location of households and facilities as answered in the questionnaireVillage spot map

Basic differencesData collection

Paper‐based

Hard copies of questionnaires

Manuals for HPQ and VPQ

Field editing manuals

Manuals for M‐HPQ and M‐VPQ

Spot maps (households, facilities, etc.)

Tablet (Mobile)Mobile Android‐based 

forms (M‐HPQ and M‐VPQ)

Editing manual for M‐HPQ and M‐VPQ

Manuals for M‐HPQ and M‐VPQ

Computerized  processing and mappingStatsimPro 5

Quantum GIS (QGIS)

Database and reporting

Data collectionPreparatory activities

CBMS Data Collection Paths

(HPQ and VPQ)

Paper questionnaire (HPQ and VPQ)

CBMS database and 

processing

Questionnaire Design

Data sending

Reports

Field editing

Spot maps

Tablet ‐based Form

Digitizing Data entry (HPQ / VPQ)

Merge / Match

Traditional 

Tablet‐based

GPS

Server

Typical flow from paper questionnaire

Complete, consistent and matched?

No

CBMS Encoding System (similar to M‐HPQ)

Yes

CBMS Data Processing System

Map Digitizing (Q‐GIS)

Questionnaires and Spot MapsFilled‐out Paper 

Questionnaires and Spot Maps

Android‐based (Mobile) Data Capture

CBMS Data Collection

Integrated

What does it do?

• The challenge in CBMS is speeding up data capture while enhancing data quality

• Mobile data capture integrates filling out M-HPQ and M-VPQ, GPS capturing and data entry

Mobile Data Capture

Encoding

GPS Reading

CBMS M‐HPQ and M‐VPQ

Server

Typical flow from Tablet‐based forms

Complete and consistent?

NoYes

CBMS Data Processing System

CBMS M‐HPQ and M‐VPQ

Form utilization

Form development

Form Development and Utilization

Excel‐based form template

Form Generator

Android Form (JSON)

Data Transfer 

(over‐the‐air)Data File

Data Capture (Tablet)

Data Server(s)

Android‐based Mobile Data Capture

• An application which utilizes both web technology and mobile devices

o allow the design of survey formso deployment of these forms in android

mobile devices for collecting community data

o captured data can be transmitted to CBMS servers for a more efficient process of acquiring household data

• Has three (3) major featureso form generator—starts with the excel

template where users can customize sequence and language. From this, the form is compiled.

o data capture—forms generated are rendered in Android tablets for interviews

o data transfer—using the application in the tablet, data from filled-out forms are sent to the data server

Source of basic im

age: ww

w.norebbo.com

Android‐based Mobile Data Capture

• Paper-less data capture o Enforced on-the-dot technical

validation and checking of responses

• GPS reading of households readily available given Android Tablet GPS

• Has a set of administrative support tools o tracking the deployment of mobile

deviceso managing user accountso setting parameters in the devices and in

the web server.

• Enhanced security to ensure confidentiality of datao Only registered users/interviewers can

view/use the applicationo Web server is only available to users with

specific clearance

Source of basic im

age: ww

w.norebbo.com

Fundamental comparisonFactor Paper Mobile Remarks

Speed Slower Faster Although the slight decrease in interview time might not be significant, the reduction of steps in building the database is significant

Cost Can be quite expensive with too 

much wastes

Can be cheaper in the long run with reduced wastes

Initial investment on mobile device can be cheaper in the long run rather than reproducing questionnairesplus wastes

Data quality May have missing and inconsistent 

values

On‐the‐dot checking

Embedded validation reduces the burden on field editors

Efficiency Less More Integration of GPS reading eliminates that big step and tags it to the HPQ

Fundamental comparisonFactor Paper Mobile Remarks

Validation updates

Difficult Easier Validation component can be facilitated since the data can be queried

Panel data Difficult to construct

Easier Matching down to individual level can be facilitated in the succeeding rounds

Security Relatively lax Enforced Confidentiality is enforced since only authorized personnel can access or view the data

Expandability / flexibility

Less More Rider questionnaire, translation and expansion can be facilitated with minimized cost since the excel template can be revised and recompiled to accommodate changes.

Summary• Mobile-based data collection is highly

recommended due to apparent gains compared to the traditional case (efficient collection, reduced costs, etc.)

• Mobile data collection facilitates sustainability. Cost of succeeding rounds of data collection is significantly reduced since equipment need not be procured for every round.

• Furthermore, the equipment and infrastructure to be established can be expanded / extended to be used in other initiatives (e.g. monitoring health conditions, disaster response, etc.)

Software/application Demo

Thank you!

Quick functionsHome•This icon returns you to the main page of the Data Collection application

Outline•This icon displays the titles or names of the pages that you can jump to

Notes•This icon provides you with a scratch space where you can jot down notes

Save•This icon saves the data you have entered for the current form to your mobile device.

Basic User Interface Controls•Select an item from the given listDrop down

•Check multiple answersCheck box

•Select only one optionOption button

•Displays the current date and timeDate/time

•example: household membersMultiple entries

•Only numbers can be inputtedNumeric boxes

Dependent questions• Some items in the survey form may be displayed or

hidden depending on previous answer(s)

• These happen especially when there are skipping mechanisms

• The mobile application dynamically shows relevant questions only based on previous responses

• Hence, missing values and inconsistent entries are almost eliminated