CELLSCELLSChapter 7.2Chapter 7.2

CELL THEORYCELL THEORY Anton van Anton van

Leeuwenhoek - Leeuwenhoek - Dutch lens maker Dutch lens maker who developed who developed the first simple the first simple microscopemicroscope

CELL CELL THEORYTHEORY

Matthias Matthias Schleiden - Schleiden - German German Botanist who Botanist who studied plant studied plant cellscells

CELL CELL THEORYTHEORY

Theodor Theodor Schwann - Schwann - German German Zoologist - Zoologist - studied studied animal cellsanimal cells

CELL THEORYCELL THEORYRobert Robert Hooke - Hooke - English English scientistscientist

First coined the word First coined the word “cells”“cells”

after after looking at looking at corkcork..

CELL THEORY:CELL THEORY:

1. All living things 1. All living things are made of cellsare made of cells

2.2. The cell is the basic The cell is the basic unit of structure unit of structure and functionand function

3. Cells come from 3. Cells come from other cellsother cells

TYPES OF CELLSTYPES OF CELLSProkaryotic - cells with no Prokaryotic - cells with no

nucleus or membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organellesorganelles

very simple very simple cellscellsbacteria, some bacteria, some blue-green blue-green algaealgae

Eukaryotic - cells with a Eukaryotic - cells with a nucleus and membrane nucleus and membrane bound organellesbound organelles

complex cellscomplex cellsanimal, plant, fungi, animal, plant, fungi, protistprotist

Structures common in most Structures common in most Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells

Cell MembraneCell MembraneNucleusNucleusCytoplasmCytoplasm

Typical Cell?Typical Cell?

CELL STRUCTURECELL STRUCTUREPlasma MembranePlasma Membrane selectively permeableselectively permeable separates cell from its separates cell from its

environmentenvironment composed of lipid bilayer composed of lipid bilayer

with embedded proteinswith embedded proteins

CELL STRUCTURECELL STRUCTURENucleusNucleus

surrounded by nuclear surrounded by nuclear envelopeenvelope

contains genetic contains genetic information information (chromosomes), (chromosomes),

““brain” of the cellbrain” of the cell

CELL CELL STRUCTURESTRUCTURECytoplasmCytoplasm

Composed mostly Composed mostly of waterof water

Has salts, sugars, Has salts, sugars, proteins and other proteins and other materials materials suspended in itsuspended in it

Colloid consistencyColloid consistency

CELL STRUCTURESCELL STRUCTURESOrganelles - MitochondriaOrganelles - Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cellcell Contains its own DNAContains its own DNA Can reproduce when cell Can reproduce when cell

energy demands energy demands increaseincrease Converts glucose to Converts glucose to other energy formsother energy forms

Only in plant, algae, Only in plant, algae, and some bacterial and some bacterial cellscells Convert the sun’s energy to glucoseConvert the sun’s energy to glucose Composed of “solar collectors” Composed of “solar collectors”

called granacalled grana Contain chlorophyll pigmentContain chlorophyll pigment

ChloroplastChloroplast

RibosomesRibosomesProtein Protein

manufacturinmanufacturing siteg site

Young cells Young cells have many have many more than more than older cellsolder cells

Network of tubes Network of tubes that transport that transport materials within materials within the cell and to the the cell and to the cell surface for cell surface for releasereleasesmooth and rough e.r.smooth and rough e.r.

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth ERSmooth ERManufactures and Manufactures and transports lipids transports lipids within the cellwithin the cell

Rough E.R.Rough E.R.Rough in appearance due to Rough in appearance due to

presence of ribosomespresence of ribosomesManufactures and transports Manufactures and transports

proteins to cell surface for proteins to cell surface for releaserelease

Golgi Golgi ApparatusApparatus

Packages and Packages and processes cellular processes cellular materials and prepares materials and prepares them for shipmentthem for shipment

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus

LysosomeLysosomeSite of cell digestionSite of cell digestionContains digestive Contains digestive

enzymesenzymesCalled “suicide Called “suicide sacs”sacs”Responsible for Responsible for cell destructioncell destruction

VacuoleVacuoleUsed by cells Used by cells

to store to store nutrients, nutrients, wastes, and wastes, and cellular cellular products; products; water storagewater storage

VesiclesVesicles Used by cells to Used by cells to

temporarily temporarily store cellular store cellular products (such products (such as hormones as hormones and enzymes) and enzymes) before release before release from the cellfrom the cell

CentrioleCentrioless

Found only in animal Found only in animal cellscellsUsed during cellular Used during cellular

reproduction to help reproduction to help separate chromosomes separate chromosomes evenlyevenly

CytoskeletonCytoskeletonProtein filaments Protein filaments which act as which act as scaffolding to scaffolding to

support cellular support cellular componentscomponents

Major component of Major component of cilia and flagellacilia and flagella

Cilia and Cilia and FlagellaFlagella

Structures used Structures used for locomotion for locomotion of organism or of organism or transportation transportation of materialsof materials

NucleolusNucleolus

Inside the nucleusInside the nucleusMakes ribosomesMakes ribosomes

PlastidsPlastids Found only in plant cellsFound only in plant cells Used to store plant Used to store plant

materialsmaterials Chromoplasts - colorChromoplasts - color Chloroplasts – Chloroplasts – chlorophyllchlorophyll Leucoplasts – starchLeucoplasts – starch

Cell WallCell Wall Found in plants, fungi, and some Found in plants, fungi, and some

bacteriabacteria NOT found in animal cellsNOT found in animal cells Made of cellulose, chitin or some Made of cellulose, chitin or some

other carbohydrateother carbohydrate Rigid, provide strength, support, Rigid, provide strength, support,

protectionprotection