Ch.Ch. 12 12TESTTEST

REVIEWREVIEW

• • A new political era began, in which A new political era began, in which common people were celebrated.common people were celebrated.• The spoils system was introduced in • The spoils system was introduced in Washington.Washington.• The idea that the government should • The idea that the government should be controlled by an educated elite group be controlled by an educated elite group was ended.was ended..... these were the .... these were the outcome outcome ofof .... .... what?what?

• the the outcomeoutcome of the of the 18281828 Presidential Election Presidential Election

• • We debated on the We debated on the Senate floor over the Senate floor over the Doctrine of Nullification Doctrine of Nullification & States’ Rights...& States’ Rights...

• • Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster Robert HayneRobert Hayne

• In 1828, In 1828, II wrote an wrote an anonymous document called anonymous document called the South Carolina Exposition the South Carolina Exposition & Protest that proposed the & Protest that proposed the Doctrine of Nullification... Doctrine of Nullification... who am I?who am I?

• John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun

-- a monopoly controlled by a few -- a monopoly controlled by a few powerful men... powerful men...-- it favored the wealthy over the -- it favored the wealthy over the common people... common people...-- it could threaten American democracy -- it could threaten American democracy by bribing officials & influencing by bribing officials & influencing elections... elections...-- Jackson declared ‘war’ on this, thing...-- Jackson declared ‘war’ on this, thing...

• thethe 2 2ndnd Bank of the U.S. Bank of the U.S.

- - 1836 1836 was a year that hit the U.S. with was a year that hit the U.S. with inflationinflation. In the last few months that . In the last few months that remained in his Presidency, Jackson, as an remained in his Presidency, Jackson, as an attempt to fight inflation, decided to issue attempt to fight inflation, decided to issue an an Executive Order Executive Order called the ‘called the ‘Specie Specie Circular’Circular’, that required payments for , that required payments for government land to be made by .....government land to be made by .....what?what?

gold & silvergold & silver

too much money in too much money in circulation can cause circulation can cause an bad economic an bad economic condition calledcondition called........what?what?

inflationinflation

I I anonymously anonymously explained my explained my views on States’ Rights & the views on States’ Rights & the Doctrine of Nullification..... Doctrine of Nullification..... whowho am I am I, , andand wherewhere did I did I explain my views atexplain my views at??

-- John C. Calhoun-- John C. Calhoun-- South Carolina Exposition -- South Carolina Exposition and Protestand Protest

According to ‘According to ‘meme’, every ’, every state has the right to state has the right to reject a Federal law that reject a Federal law that it considers it considers unconstutional...unconstutional...

Doctrine of NullificationDoctrine of Nullification

WeWe believed that the believed that the President’s power had President’s power had grown too much under grown too much under Andrew Jackson, so Andrew Jackson, so we we formed formed our own political our own political party party to oppose Jackson... to oppose Jackson... • the Whig Partythe Whig Party

Why did Nicholas Biddle Why did Nicholas Biddle ask Congress to renew ask Congress to renew

the Bank’s charter 3 the Bank’s charter 3 years ahead of schedule? years ahead of schedule?

-- he thought that Jackson would agree to -- he thought that Jackson would agree to renewal of the charter, rather than risk renewal of the charter, rather than risk angering voters in the angering voters in the Election of 1832Election of 1832

Tariff of Abominations Tariff of Abominations

In In 18281828 “I” made European “I” made European imports more expensive by imports more expensive by almost 40%, and I really almost 40%, and I really ticked off the South...in fact, ticked off the South...in fact, the South even had a ‘pet the South even had a ‘pet name’ for me... name’ for me... what did they call what did they call me?me?

1) 1) tariffs caused hostility between North & Southtariffs caused hostility between North & South 2) 2) the North supported tariffs as it helped protect US the North supported tariffs as it helped protect US products from foreign competition, AND it raised $$products from foreign competition, AND it raised $$for internal improvementsfor internal improvements 3) 3) the South hated tariffs because its economy wasthe South hated tariffs because its economy wasbased on foreign trade & made goods more expensivebased on foreign trade & made goods more expensive

When it came to tariffs, the Western When it came to tariffs, the Western and Southern sections were all for and Southern sections were all for

them, and the Northeastern section them, and the Northeastern section was against them.... I think .... wait a was against them.... I think .... wait a

minute, I’m confused... HALP!!minute, I’m confused... HALP!!

As President, Jackson took all Federal As President, Jackson took all Federal deposits ($$) out of the Bank of the U.S. deposits ($$) out of the Bank of the U.S. and redeposited them into various state and redeposited them into various state banks, that were known as ‘pet banks’...banks, that were known as ‘pet banks’...

How in the world did How in the world did Jackson Jackson ‘‘killkill’ ’ the the Bank Bank of the United Statesof the United States??

•

In what way did Jackson’s re-In what way did Jackson’s re-depositing of Federal $$ into depositing of Federal $$ into the state banks (pet banks) the state banks (pet banks) eventually cause economic eventually cause economic problems for Martin Van problems for Martin Van

Buren’s presidency?Buren’s presidency?-- the state banks issued way too much -- the state banks issued way too much paper $$ causing severe inflation...paper $$ causing severe inflation...

-- the Compromise Tariff of 1833-- the Compromise Tariff of 1833-- Henry Clay-- Henry Clay

the the 18321832 crisiscrisis of South of South Carolina’s threatened Carolina’s threatened secession from the Union secession from the Union was averted... was averted... how? ....how? ....andand by whom? by whom?

the US Government had the right the US Government had the right to remove the Indians from the to remove the Indians from the

land east of the Mississippi...land east of the Mississippi...

Jackson’s Jackson’s removal removal policypolicy on Indians was on Indians was based on based on hishis belief belief that ... that ... what?what?

how the Indians how the Indians resistedresisted the the Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

- the Indians hid in the wilderness - the Indians hid in the wilderness - the Indians took up arms and - the Indians took up arms and fought against white Americans fought against white Americans- the Cherokee even took their case- the Cherokee even took their case to the Supreme Court… to the Supreme Court… ......what are these all examples what are these all examples ofof ??

white menwhite men

During this time in During this time in America, who were the America, who were the

onlyonly ones that were ones that were allowed to vote in state allowed to vote in state

and local electionsand local elections

-- he ignored the Supreme Court ruling-- he ignored the Supreme Court ruling-- he refused to negotiate with Cherokees-- he refused to negotiate with Cherokees-- he ordered the Army to relocate all -- he ordered the Army to relocate all Indians to west of the Mississippi RiverIndians to west of the Mississippi River

In their In their 18321832 ruling, the ruling, the Supreme Court Supreme Court ruled ruled againstagainst Georgia (and Jackson) in Georgia (and Jackson) in that Georgia could NOT evict the that Georgia could NOT evict the Cherokee nation from their lands, Cherokee nation from their lands, oror make laws governing the Cherokees.... make laws governing the Cherokees.... ... ... so, in what ways did Jackson so, in what ways did Jackson respondrespond??

the the 22ndnd Seminole War Seminole War was fought was fought between... ..... between... ..... who who && who?who?

the U.S. Army and the U.S. Army and the Seminole the Seminole

IndiansIndians

Jacksonian Democracy Jacksonian Democracy

When political power When political power was eventually given to was eventually given to ‘the common man’, this ‘the common man’, this eraera became known became known as .....as .....what?what?

Jackson gave Jackson gave government jobs to government jobs to

his political supportershis political supporters

What was Jackson’s What was Jackson’s ““spoils systemspoils system”?”?

WhatWhat was it that made was it that made JacksonJackson such a such a popularpopular candidate and leader?candidate and leader?

-- his humble background-- his humble background-- his success as a military leader-- his success as a military leader-- his reputation for toughness-- his reputation for toughness

the rise of the ‘common man’, the rise of the ‘common man’, the expanding of political the expanding of political power, and ensuring that the power, and ensuring that the majority rule, were all ideas majority rule, were all ideas that we now know asthat we now know as...what?...what?

Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy

Compact TheoryCompact Theory

Under this ‘Under this ‘theorytheory’, the ’, the states did states did notnot give up give up

their sovereignty when their sovereignty when they joined the Union:they joined the Union:

doctrine of nullificationdoctrine of nullification

The idea that the states The idea that the states could decide as to whether could decide as to whether

or not a federal law was or not a federal law was constitutional, was called...constitutional, was called...

Tariff of AbominationsTariff of Abominations

Homey don’t play that, Homey don’t play that, and neither did the state of and neither did the state of South Carolina, in South Carolina, in 18321832, , when their state when their state legislature legislature nullifiednullified the...... the......

Tariff of 1833Tariff of 1833

The tariff that The tariff that prevented a potential prevented a potential

civil war in South civil war in South Carolina....Carolina....

corrupt bargaincorrupt bargain

The The Presidential Election Presidential Election of 1824 of 1824 led to charges of led to charges of

a ____ ____ against a ____ ____ against John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams &&

Henry ClayHenry Clay

He threatened to He threatened to use force use force against South against South Carolina if they attempted to secedeCarolina if they attempted to secede

 When South Carolina When South Carolina threatened to secede from threatened to secede from the Union in the Union in 18321832, because , because of tariffs, of tariffs, howhow did Jackson did Jackson

react?react?

-- - Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson-- - the Kentucky Resolutionsthe Kentucky Resolutions

the very first person to bring the very first person to bring to light the idea of the issue to light the idea of the issue

of nullification was... of nullification was... who?who?... and in ... and in whatwhat document? document?

Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster

...he was a Senator from ...he was a Senator from Massachusetts that Massachusetts that

argued that the idea of argued that the idea of nullification nullification couldcould lead to lead to the breakup of the Unionthe breakup of the Union

Black HawkBlack Hawk

He was a He was a SaukSauk Indian Indian ChiefChief who led who led a a rebellion rebellion against against removal in removal in IllinoisIllinois

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