Ch 16-18 Test ReviewCh 16-18 Test Review

I have added our slides from our class I have added our slides from our class presentations to Ch 17, but presentations to Ch 17, but do not do not ignoreignore the other two chapters—the the other two chapters—the test is evenly split between all three.test is evenly split between all three.

Do NOT re-read your book. Review Do NOT re-read your book. Review your notes and the big picture ideas. your notes and the big picture ideas. Practice some questions and be able Practice some questions and be able to address the information on the to address the information on the following slides.following slides.

Chapter 16Chapter 16THE BIG PICTURETHE BIG PICTURE Exploration—Exploration—

characterize early, characterize early, middle & later middle & later expeditionsexpeditions

Iberian start; northern Iberian start; northern finishfinish

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange Core vs. Dependent Core vs. Dependent

nationsnations The new “world The new “world

economy”economy” Colonization (north vs. Colonization (north vs.

south)south) Impact on the new Impact on the new

world orderworld order

KEY PEOPLE & TERMSKEY PEOPLE & TERMS Prince HenryPrince Henry Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama MagellanMagellan ColumbusColumbus Trading companiesTrading companies Core/dependentCore/dependent MercantilismMercantilism Seven Years WarSeven Years War

Chapter 17Chapter 17

Big Picture = changesBig Picture = changes– Governments strengthenGovernments strengthen– Economy diversifiesEconomy diversifies– Science becomes the center of Science becomes the center of

intellectual lifeintellectual life– Social ideas about family and life Social ideas about family and life

changechange– Internal change means internal conflictInternal change means internal conflict

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

THE BIG PICTURETHE BIG PICTURE Spurred on by greater Spurred on by greater

contacts/urbanization contacts/urbanization (Italy)(Italy)

Humanism reshapes Humanism reshapes how people see how people see everything!everything!

Technology (printing Technology (printing press) rapidly spreads press) rapidly spreads ideasideas

The new European The new European family emergesfamily emerges

KEY PEOPLE & TERMSKEY PEOPLE & TERMS MachiavelliMachiavelli HumanismHumanism Italian vs. Northern Italian vs. Northern

RenaissanceRenaissance Francis IFrancis I GutenbergGutenberg European style familyEuropean style family

The Reformation(s)The Reformation(s)

THE BIG PICTURETHE BIG PICTURE End of Christian Unity End of Christian Unity

(major political (major political implications)implications)

Serious challenge to Serious challenge to the Church, which the Church, which undergoes its own undergoes its own counter or Catholic counter or Catholic reformationreformation

Princes & peasants Princes & peasants had other reasons to had other reasons to support the movementsupport the movement

KEY PEOPLE & TERMSKEY PEOPLE & TERMS Martin LutherMartin Luther AnglicanAnglican Jean CalvinJean Calvin Protestant vs. Catholic Protestant vs. Catholic

ReformationReformation JesuitsJesuits Edict of NantesEdict of Nantes Thirty years warThirty years war Treaty of WestphaliaTreaty of Westphalia English Civil WarEnglish Civil War

The Commercial RevolutionThe Commercial RevolutionTHE BIG PICTURETHE BIG PICTURE The whole structure of The whole structure of

the economy is reshapedthe economy is reshaped Influx of silver & gold Influx of silver & gold

results in massive results in massive inflation (impact?)inflation (impact?)

Changes—trading Changes—trading companies, specialized companies, specialized agriculture, new agriculture, new proletariat groups, proletariat groups, witchcraft hysteria, witchcraft hysteria, popular protests.popular protests.

Who spurred more Who spurred more change—the elites or the change—the elites or the masses?masses?

KEY PEOPLE & TERMSKEY PEOPLE & TERMS ProletariatProletariat InflationInflation MercantilismMercantilism

The Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Revolution

THE BIG PICTURETHE BIG PICTURE Emphasis on reason Emphasis on reason

challenges the challenges the Church’s authorityChurch’s authority

New instruments & New instruments & methodology spread methodology spread quickly among the quickly among the educatededucated

Science becomes Science becomes CENTRAL to western CENTRAL to western intellectual life (this intellectual life (this does not occur in does not occur in other civilizations)other civilizations)

KEY PEOPLE & TERMSKEY PEOPLE & TERMS CopernicusCopernicus GalileoGalileo KeplerKepler NewtonNewton BaconBacon HarveyHarvey DeismDeism

The Rise of MonarchiesThe Rise of Monarchies

THE BIG PICTURETHE BIG PICTURE Feudal balance Feudal balance

disappears as disappears as centralized authority centralized authority arisesarises

Absolute (France) and Absolute (France) and parliamentary (Great parliamentary (Great Britain)Britain)

Political theories Political theories abound!abound!

KEY PEOPLE & TERMSKEY PEOPLE & TERMS Absolute & Absolute &

parliamentary parliamentary monarchiesmonarchies

Louis XIVLouis XIV Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

THE BIG PICTURETHE BIG PICTURE Centers in France, Centers in France,

applying principles of applying principles of the scientific method the scientific method to political thought.to political thought.

Basic principles—Basic principles—people are good, people are good, reason is key and reason is key and intolerance/blind faith intolerance/blind faith is wrongis wrong

Some thinkers went Some thinkers went beyond politics and beyond politics and highlighted economic highlighted economic and social issuesand social issues

KEY PEOPLE & TERMSKEY PEOPLE & TERMS Frederick the GreatFrederick the Great Mary WollstonecraftMary Wollstonecraft Adam SmithAdam Smith

Chapter 18Chapter 18

THE BIG PICTURETHE BIG PICTURE Mongolian ImpactMongolian Impact The Tsars (& The Tsars (&

tsarinas)tsarinas) Selective Selective

westernizationwesternization The Russian economyThe Russian economy Russia, Eastern and Russia, Eastern and

Western EuropeWestern Europe Russia compared to Russia compared to

the Westthe West

KEY PEOPLE & KEY PEOPLE & TERMSTERMS

The Ivans (III & IV)The Ivans (III & IV) The Greats (Peter The Greats (Peter

& Catherine)& Catherine) Time of TroublesTime of Troubles RomanovsRomanovs Pugachev RebellionPugachev Rebellion Old BelieversOld Believers Partition of PolandPartition of Poland

Test your knowledge..Test your knowledge..

Here is a small sampling of questionsHere is a small sampling of questions—do you know the answers?—do you know the answers?

Run this PowerPoint as a Run this PowerPoint as a presentation to reveal the answerspresentation to reveal the answers

The Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator

A) invented the astrolabe.B) discovered Brazil.C) rounded the Cape of Good Hope and eventually sailed to India.D) directed a series of expeditions along the African coast and also outward to the Azores.E) explored with the purpose of spreading Protestantism to new lands.

Vasco da Gama

A) invented the astrolabe.B) discovered Brazil.C) rounded the Cape of Good Hope and eventually sailed to India.D) directed a series of expeditions along the African coast and also outward to the Azores.E) explored with the purpose of spreading Protestantism to new lands.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the impact of Europeanconquest on the population of Native Americans?

A) The arrival of the Europeans increased the total population of the Americas significantlywithout diminishing the expansion of the Native American population.B) After initial decreases associated with losses in battle, the population of NativeAmericans recovered to pre-conquest levels.C) The arrival of the Europeans caused a slight drop in population growth among NativeAmericans.D) Native American populations increased due to the introduction of European technology.E) Native American population was devastated by the introduction of previously unknownEuropean diseases.

Who did the Spanish defeat at the battle of Lepanto?

A) The BritishB) The Ottoman EmpireC) The DutchD) The PortugueseE) The Aztecs

What was the core region of the global trade network during the early modern period?

A) Northwestern EuropeB) The Iberian PeninsulaC) Eastern EuropeD) The MediterraneanE) The Middle East

Which of the following areas did NOT have a predominantly coercive labor system?

A) Latin AmericaB) The southern Atlantic colonies of North AmericaC) Northwestern EuropeD) Eastern EuropeE) Caribbean colonies

Which of the following statements concerning the Japanese participation in the global tradenetwork is most accurate?

A) The Japanese did display some openness to Christian missions and they were alsofascinated by Western advances in gunnery and shipping.B) Japan, like China, showed no interest in any aspect of Western trade.C) The Japanese warmly accepted Western commercial interests and became part of thedependent zones of the global trade network.D) After 1600, all Europeans were banned from Japan, but Japanese traders continued totravel and trade abroad.E) After initial resistance, Japan opened up and embraced trade and contact with the West.

What was the primary export product of eastern Europe to the West?

A) Domestic animalsB) GrainC) Woolen clothD) IronE) Workers

Why was the Portuguese colony of Angola exceptional?

A) In Angola the Catholic church successfully banned the slave trade.B) The Portuguese pressed inland in Angola instead of simply establishing coastal fortresses.C) Angola was the only European colony established south of the Congo River.D) Angola was actually governed by indigenous tribesmen with only loose supervision fromthe mother country.E) Angola quickly threw off control by the Portuguese.

What impact did the Seven Years War have on French colonial possessions?

A) The French were able to seize British possessions in North America.B) The French lost their colonies in India to the British.C) The French seized Dutch possessions in Africa.D) The French exchanged their sugar islands in the Caribbean for Spanish colonies in LatinAmerica.E) The French retreated from their role as colonial powers and tended to domestic issues.

Which of the following was associated with the Italian Renaissance?

A) ShakespeareB) GalileoC) VesaliusD) PirandelloE) Niccolo Machiavelli

Which of the following accounts, in part, for the decline of the Italian Renaissance?

A) The successful invasion of Italy circa 1500B) The Protestant ReformationC) The invasion of the peninsula by France and SpainD) The economic depression that ended artistic patronageE) The rejection of humanism

Who was responsible for the invention of movable type in the West?

A) Albrecht DurerB) Nicolaus CopernicusC) ErasmusD) Johannes GutenbergE) John Harvey

Which of the following was NOT associated with the founding of a Protestant church in the16th century?

A) Jean CalvinB) Henry VIIIC) Ignatius LoyolaD) Martin LutherE) 95 Theses

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of popular supportfor Luther's religious reform movement?

A) Luther failed to attract the support of the German princes because he advocated theoverthrow of their authority in favor of unification under the Holy Roman Empire.B) German princes who turned Protestant could increase their independence from theemperor, seize church lands, and control the church in their territories.C) The poor supported Luther's movement in return for Luther's promise of redistribution ofland and property.D) German merchants refused to support Lutheranism, because the reform movement wasless favorable to money making than Catholicism.E) Support for Lutheranism was uniform across the Holy Roman Empire.

Commodities that many European peasants and artisans around 1600 ordinarily ownedIncluded

A) porcelain.B) pewterware.C) silver.D) silk screens.E) several feather beds.

Who was the author of the scientific treatise Principia Mathematica?

A) Andreas VesaliusB) Isaac NewtonC) John HarveyD) Francis BaconE) Decartes

What monarch was associated with the establishment of enlightened despotism in Prussia inthe middle of the 18th century?

A) Joseph IIB) Catherine the GreatC) William IIID) Frederick the GreatE) Louis XIV

What Enlightenment social scientist advocated that government avoid regulation of theeconomy in favor of individual initiative and market forces?

A) John KeynesB) Jacques TurgotC) Adam SmithD) David HumeE) John Locke

What crop was introduced to Europe in the 17th century and substantially improved the foodsupply?

A) CucumbersB) PeasC) MilletD) PotatoesE) Corn

Ivan III was responsible for the

A) abolition of serfdom in Russia.B) military campaigns that freed much of Russia from the Mongols.C) policies of Westernization that required changes in dress among the Russian elite.D) conversion of Russia to Roman Catholicism.E) founding of the Romanov dynasty.

Ivan the Great’s claim that Russia was the successor of the Byzantine Empire implied thatRussia was the

A) “next Byzantium.”B) Golden Horde.C) “pax Romana.”D) Mandate of Heaven.E) “Third Rome.”

What group did Ivan the Terrible attack as a means of furthering tsarist autocracy?

A) The Old BelieversB) The Orthodox priesthoodC) The growing merchant classD) The peasantsE) The boyars

4. Cossacks were

A) those who objected to reforms in the Orthodox church.B) members of the Russian nobility.C) peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in the Russian Empire.D) the designated heirs of the tsars.E) a secret organization that opposed the tsars’ autocracy.

5. The Time of Troubles followed the death of which Russian tsar?

A) Ivan IIIB) Peter the GreatC) Ivan IVD) Alexis RomanovE) Michael Romanov

Old Believers wereA) Russians who refused to accept tsarist reforms of the Orthodox church.B) Roman Catholics in western Russia.C) opponents of the Romanov dynasty’s claims to authority.D) Russian heretics who believed in Christian dualism’s divine forces of both good and evil.E) people who refused to accept any contact, no matter how minimal, between Russia andwestern Europe.

Where was Peter the Great’s program of economic development concentrated?

A) Cloth productionB) Mining and metallurgical industriesC) UrbanizationD) Pottery productionE) Shipbuilding and seafaring

Peter the Great’s policy of cultural Westernization was directed primarily at the

A) merchants.B) peasants.C) nobility.D) Orthodox church.E) government officials.

The government of Catherine the Great

A) controlled all aspects of central and local administration.B) advocated the abolition of the peasantry and removed some of the worst abuses of thecoercive labor system.C) was so besieged by peasant rebellions that it scarcely functioned by the end of the reign.D) was strongly centralized, but yielded virtually all local control to the nobility.E) was never considered legitimate.

In 1649, Russian serfdom

A) was abolished.B) was converted to legal slavery.C) became hereditary.D) began to modify to a free peasantry under the influence of Westernization.E) became a source of unrest that led to its abolition within the next decade.