chapter 1 general problem solving concepts solution. 3. use problem-solving steps to solve problem....

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 1

General Problem Solving Concepts

Problem Solving and Programming Concepts

9th Edition

By Maureen Sprankle and Jim Hubbard

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 0-2

Overview

• Problem Solving in Everyday Life

• Types of Problems

• Problem Solving with Computers

• Difficulties with Problem Solving


Objectives

1. Describe difference between heuristic,

algorithmic solutions.

2. List, describe problem-solving steps for

algorithmic solution.

3. Use problem-solving steps to solve

problem.

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Problem Solving in Everyday Life

1. Identify the problem.

2. Understand the problem.

3. Identify alternative ways to solve problem.

4. Select best alternative.

5. List solution steps for alternative chosen.

6. Evaluate solution.

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Types of Problems

Problems with …

• Algorithmic solutions

• Heuristic solutions

• Combination of algorithmic, heuristic

solutions

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Problem Solving with Computers

Definitions:

• Solution instructions followed to

produce best result

• Result outcome, computer-assisted

answer

• Program instructions for solution using

computer language

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Difficulties with Problem Solving

• Lack of problem solving experience

• Inadequate solution steps

• Incorrect problem definition

• Alternatives chosen incorrectly

• Invalid logic

• Incorrect solution evaluation

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Chapter 1

General Problem Solving Concepts

End Chapter 9


Chapter 2

Beginning Problem-Solving

Concepts for the Computer


9th Edition



Overview

• Constants and Variables

• Data Types

• How the Computer Stores Data

• Functions

• Operators

• Expressions and Equations


Objectives

1. Differentiate between variables,

constants.

2. Differentiate between character, numeric,

and logical data types.

3. Identify operators, operands, resultants.

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Objectives

5. Identify, use functions

6. Identify, use operators according to

placement in hierarchy chart.

7. Set up, evaluate expressions and

equations using variables, constants,

operators, and the hierarchy of

operations.

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Figure 2.1 Important Concepts to

Learn

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Table 2.1 Constants and

Variables on the Computer

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Table 2.1 Constants and

Variables on the Computer

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Rules for Naming and Using

Variables

1. Name a variable according to what it

represents.

2. Do not use spaces.

3. Start a variable name with a letter.

4. Do not use a dash or any other symbol

that is used as a mathematical operator.

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Rules for Naming and Using

Variables

5. Consistent usage of variable name.

6. Consistent use of upper, lowercase

characters in variable names

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Table 2.3 Data Types

and Their Data Sets

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Table 2.4 Examples of Data Types

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Table 2.4 Examples of Data Types

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Table 2.5 Functions

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Table 2.6 Operators and Their

Computer Symbols

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Table 2.6 Operators and Their

Computer Symbols

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Table 2.7 Definitions of the Logical

Operators

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Operators

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Operators

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Table 2.8 Hierarchy of Operations

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Table 2.8 Hierarchy of Operations

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Table 2.9 Expressions and Equations

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Evaluating a Mathematical

Expression

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Evaluating a Relational Expression

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Evaluating a Logical Expression

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Evaluating an Equation That Uses

Both Relational and Logical

Operators

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Chapter 2

Beginning Problem-Solving

Concepts for the Computer

End Chapter 2


Chapter 3

Planning Your Solution


9th Edition



Overview

• Communicating with the Computer

• Organizing the Solution

• Using the Tools

• List and describe development tools

• Use problem analysis chart

• Use interactivity chart

• Use IPO (Input-Process-Output) chart

• Use algorithms and flowcharts


Analyzing the Problem

Understand requirements:

1. The given data

2. The required results

3. The processing that is required in the

problem

4. A list of solution alternatives

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Figure 3.1 Problem Analysis Chart

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Figure 3.2 Problem Analysis Chart for

the Payroll Problem

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Figure 3.3 The Interactivity Chart

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Figure 3.4 The Completed Interactivity

Chart

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Figure 3.5 The Interactivity Chart for

the Payroll Problem

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Figure 3.6 The IPO Chart

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Figure 3.7 The IPO Chart for the

Payroll Problem

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Figure 3.8 The Form of an Algorithm

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Figure 3.9 Flowchart Symbols

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Figure 3.10 The Algorithms and

Flowcharts for the Payroll Problem

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Figure 3.11 Order of Execution of

Instructions

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Chapter 3

Planning Your Solution

End Chapter 3

chapter 1 general problem solving concepts solution. 3. use problem-solving steps to solve problem....

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