Chapter 12: Renaissance

Europe

Political Instability

Black Plague

Recovery

Decline of Church

Italian Renaissanc

e

Poverty Class

Middle Class

Upper Class

How?

People could do as they please. This created what is known as the

Renaissance man. A man that has more than one profession.

Rebirth

He was a artist.

Leonardo da Vinci

He was a sculptor.

Leonardo da Vinci

He was ainventor.

Leonardo da Vinci

He was a scientist.

Leonardo da Vinci

He was a engineer.

Leonardo da Vinci

He was a architect.

Leonardo da Vinci

The study of the classics.◦ Literary work from Greece and Rome.

These became known as the humanities.

Humanism

Grab a worksheet and start working

on it.

Only the side on Humanism.

You have 5 minutes to finish

R & R

Age of Exploration

Scientific Revolution

Enlightment

Italian States

Northern Italy

Controlled by family (dukes of Milan)

Francesco Sforza◦ Took control of the city and became duke.◦ Sforza was a leader of a group of mercenaries.

Soldiers who sold their services to the highest bidder.

Milan was known for their efficient tax system.

Milan

Known for trading, trading, and trading.

Merchant/traders gained a lot of power during this time.

Venice’s trade empire made it an international power.

Venice

A small wealthy group of merchants took control of the government.

Soon after, Cosimo de’ Medici took control

From then on the Medici family would go on to control of Florence.

Florence was the culture capital of Italy.

Florence

“Everyone realizes how praiseworthy it is for a prince to honor his word and to be straight-forward rather than crafty in his dealings, nonetheless experience shows that princes who have achieved great things have been those who have given their word lightly, who have known how to trick men with their cunning, and who, in the end have overcome those abiding by the honest principles….”

Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513

Niccolò Machiavelli Wrote The Prince

◦ A guide on how to acquire and keep political power.

He focus on understanding human nature, and he believed they were self-centered. “One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedyfor profit.”

Power hungry

Prior texts were written in Latin.

Vernacular literature is when people began to write in the language spoken in their own regions.

Vernacular Literature

Dante’s Inferno

Dante’s Inferno

The Canterbury Tales

Reformation

What did you do on Sunday?

Church evolved from 500 to 1500 C.E. What is the source of the Church?

◦ The Bible◦ The Church- tradition

Printing Press- 1050◦ 1450 Gutenberg printed thefirst bible.

People trusted the church’sword.

Church

Bibles were written in Latin. Martin Luther translated the Bible to

German. It was then translated to English. Eventually, for the first time in history, the

masses were reading the bible.

There was a difference between what the Church said and what the Bible said.

Church said: you must do good works. Bible said: have faith and you will be saved.

Intro to the Reformation

Indulgences — When a person commits a sin, he or she can expect eternal punishment. The church was “selling” indulgences; in other words, they were allowing people to buy forgiveness of their sins.

Decline in prestige (influence) — There was a decline in power and influence of some of the ruling-class people in authority. The church depended upon these people to collect taxes for them and to enforce the church orders. This was not happening.

The Pope — Pope Alexander from Spain gave his Spanish relatives anything they asked for. He helped his illegitimate son attempt to become ruler of the land.

A meeting in 1521. Pope Leo X charged Martin with heresy and

was excommunicated. He was suppose to recant. He did not. “Open season” was declared of Protestants.

The Edic of Worms