chapter 14: renaissance reformation
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 14:
Renaissance
&
Reformation
RENAISSANCE
1300s - 1500
“rebirth”
Section 1: Renaissance in
Italy
Begins in Italy spreads north to EuropeWhy Italy?
New interest in Rome and its “remainders”
Cities survive the Middle Ages • North Florence, Milan, Venice, and Genoa (trade &
manufacturing
• Central Rome; South Naples cultural center
Wealthy and Powerful merchant class• stress education and achievement
• spend lots of $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Florence
• Center of Renaissance
• Medici Family – richest merchant and banking
family
• gain full control government
• patron – financial supporter of the arts
What is the Renaissance?
Plague ends want order look back to
Greece and RomeHUMANISM – focus on worldly subjects not
religious; focus on intellect and education; use
ancient ideas in their world
• Individualism; Talents; adventure; curiosity
• Human experience in the here and now
PETRARCH – early Humanist collects Greek and Roman
manuscripts; write sonnets (love poems) about a woman
Renaissance Characteristics
• Religious figures portrayed in Greek and Roman style
• Everyday individuals
• Columns, arches, domes
• Shading and shadows
• Live models – more accurate human portrayal
• Perspective – distant objects are smaller to make a 3-D, realistic painting
Perspective
Vanishing
point
The Totally Masterful New Talents
TMNT
Raphael
Donatello
Michelangelo
Leonardo
Donatello
DAVID
• very Early
Renaissance
•Life - size
• Realistic
Leonardo DaVinci
• Born in 1452
• “Renaissance Man”
• Painting; Art; Anatomy; Botany;
Optics; Architecture; Music;
Engineering
The Last Supper
Mona Lisa
The Annunciation
Scientific and
Anatomical Study
INVENTOR:
Machine gun
Armored tank
Cluster bombs
Submarine
Calculator
Car
Use of solarpower
Michelangelo
• Born in 1475
• Sculptor, engineer,
painter, architect and poet
• Fresco – applying paint to
fresh plaster usually on a
wall
David Pieta
The Sistine Chapel
Garden of Eden
The Creation
Sistine Chapel: The Last
Judgement
Raphael
• Studied the works of Michelangelo and
Raphael
• Portrays tender Jesus and Madonna
School of Athens
Italian Writers
Catiglione – The Book
of the Courtier
- describes how to
act as a member
of the royal court;
describes ideal
man and woman
Machiavelli – The Prince
- guide for rulers on
how to gain and
maintain power
- looks at real rulers
- the ends justifies the
means; do not have to
keep promises
Section 2: The Renaissance
Moves North
• Begins in Flanders (near North
France)
• Spain, France, Germany, and England
begin Renaissance in 1500s
Albrecht Durer
• “German Leonardo”
• Traveled to Italy to
learn about art and
techniques(1494)
• Engravings – etch
design into metal plate
with acid and makes
prints.
• Portrays religious
upheaval.
Flemish Painters
Jan & Hubert van Eyck
- portray townspeople
and realistic images
- Develop oil paint
Pietr Bruegel
- Bright colors in portrayal of peasant life
Peter Paul Rubens
- Blends ideas of Bruegel and Italian Renaissance
Northern Humanists
• ERASMUS (Dutch)
- produces New Testament in Greek
- wants translation of Bible into
vernacular – everyday language of
ordinary people
- chief duty =be open minded and of good
will toward others
- The Praise of Folly – uses humor to show
the ignorant and immoral behavior of his
day
Thomas More
- Wants social reform
- Utopia – describes ideal society where
men and women live in peace and
harmony; everyone is educated;
- Utopian – describes an ideal society
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
- 1590-1613
- 37 plays
- Comedies (A Midsummer Night’s Dream)
- History (Richard III)
- Tragedies (Romeo and Juliet; Othello; Macbeth)
- 1,700 new words: bedroom, lonely, generous, gloomy, heartsick
CERVANTES
• Spain – early 1600s
• Don Quixote – mocks chivalry• Knight who pretends to be on an adventure
– Fights a windmill
Printing revolution
• Chinese make books first
• By 1300 –papermaking in Europe
• By 1400s –Germans invent movable type
• 1456 – Johann Gutenberg prints first Bible using movable type
Literacy Revolution
• More books = cheaper books = more
people read and write!!!!!
• Ideas spread! (ppl. are exposed to
new things for the first time)
Protestant Reformation