chapter 4 carbon compounds
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 4Carbon Compounds
4.1Carbon Compounds
What are carbon compounds?
Compounds that contains
carbon atoms combine with other elements such as hydrogen and oxygen
Carbon compounds
Organic compounds Inorganic compounds
From living things Not from living things
Examples• sugar
• protein• starch
Examples• Carbon dioxide
• Sodium carbonate• Chalk
Differences Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds
Living things Sources Non living things
CHO
Non-metallic
Elements
Metallic/Non-metallic
CO M
Metallic/Non-metallic
CombustibilityCan burn Cannot burn
Organic Compounds
Inorganic Compounds
Hydrocarbon
What are hydrocarbons?
CarbonHydrogen
Compounds which consists of only carbon and hydrogen atoms only
Examples
Methane, CH4 Petrol
Is glucose, C6H12O6
a hydrocarbon? Why?
Sources of Hydrocarbonns
Petroleum
Natural gas
Coal
4.2 Alcohol
Is alcohol an organic compound?
Why?
Alcohols
Organic compounds
Contain CHO
Examples
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
The Production of Ethanol
glucose + yeast → ethanol + Carbon dioxide
Fermentation
Fractional Distillation
Properties
of Alcohol
÷
Colourless liquid
Soluble in water/ miscible in water
Low
boiling point
Burn with a blue flame
Reacts with organic acid to form ester
ethanol + Organic acid
→ ester + water
Esterification
Concentrated sulphuric acid
Sweet smell
Uses of Alcohols
fuels solvents
alcoholic
drinks
esters
disinfectants cosmetics
4.3 Fats
Fats
• Essential food class
• Contain CHO
• Organic compounds
• From plants or animals
Palm oil
Peanut oil
meat
butter
Animals Plants
Fats
Saturated fats Unsaturated fats
Differences Between Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
Animals Sources Plants
Solid
higher
State at room temperature
Melting Point
liquid
lower
Cholesterol / LDLhigher lower
Type of carbon bondsSingle bonds
With double bonds
Effects of consuming excessive fats
• Obesity
• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Heart attacks
• strokes
Classify
Saturated fats
Unsaturated fats
palm oil
peanut
butter olive corn
cheesecream
coconut oil
endocarp
÷
Mesocarp
Kernel
Extraction of Palm Oil
Sterilisation Stripping / separation
Crushing / Digestion
Extraction Filtration Purification
Uses of Palm Oil
Edible Uses Inedible Uses
• Cooking oil• Margarine• Ice cream
• Coffee creamer• chocolate
• Soap• Candles
• Cosmetics• Printing ink
• fuels
The Production of Soap
Oil + alkali → soap + glycerol
Saponofication
1 Which of the following substances does not contain the element of carbon?
A sugar B proteins C common salt D cotton
2 Which pair is correct?
Organic Compounds
Inorganic compounds
A Calcium carbonate protein
B Milk rice
C Carbon dioxide Baking soda
D Palm oil marble
3 Examples of inorganic compounds areI paperII sodium carbonateIII chalk
A I only B I and II C II and III D I, II and III
4 Which of the following elements are present in hydrocarbons?
A carbon and oxygen B carbon and hydrogen C hydrogen and halogens D carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
5. Which of the following is the property of ethanol?
A It burns with a blue flame B It is insoluble in water C It has high boiling point D It reacts with alkali to produce ester
6. Ethanol + Organic acid → X + water
What is X?
A alcohol B soap C ester D yeast
7. The following information shows the uses of substance Y. What is Y?
•Candle•Margarine
•Body lotion
A starch B palm oil B petroleum D alcohol
8. The following equation show the process of glucose + yeast→ ethanol + carbon dioxide
A saponification B fermentation C esterification D combustion
9. Which of the following is true about unsaturated fat? A derived from animals B High cholesterol content C liquid at room temperature D caused blockage of arteries
10. Which part A, B, C and D contains the most oil?
A
÷
B
D
C