chapter6
TRANSCRIPT
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Understanding Understanding Intercultural Intercultural Communication Communication Second Second EditionEdition
Chapter 6
What is the Connection between Verbal Communication & Culture?
Stella Ting-Toomey & Leeva C. Chung
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
PowerPoint Slides Designed by Alex Flecky and Noorie Baig
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TODAY’S MENUTODAY’S MENU
I. Human Language: Distinctive Features and Rule Patterns
II. Appreciating Diverse Language Functions
III. Verbal Communication Styles: A General Framework
IV. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables
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Do you know…Do you know…
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I. Human Language: Distinctive I. Human Language: Distinctive Features Features and Rule Patterns and Rule Patterns Language:
An arbitrary, symbolic system that labels and categorizes objects, events, groups, people, ideas, feelings, experiences, and many other phenomena.
Can you guess how many languages exist worldwide?
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I. Human Language: Distinctive I. Human Language: Distinctive Features Features and Rule Patterns and Rule Patterns
A. Distinctive Language Features• Arbitrariness: sounds and symbols
Ω A € ∞• Abstractness: concrete to abstract
levels
• Meaning-Centeredness: denotative and connotative levels of meaning
• Creativity: productivity, displacement, eta-communicative
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I. Human Language: Distinctive I. Human Language: Distinctive Features and Rule Patterns Features and Rule Patterns
B. Multiple Rule Patterns
• Phonological Rules: Smallest unit of a word
• Morphological Rules: Multiple sounds • Syntactic Rules: Grammar• Semantic Rules: Meaning• Pragmatic Rules: Contextual rules
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II. Appreciating Diverse II. Appreciating Diverse Language FunctionsLanguage Functions
Click here Click here to find out the “Meaning of Love” From 7 Billion Others from YouTube
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II. Appreciating Diverse Language II. Appreciating Diverse Language FunctionsFunctions
A. Cultural Worldview Function • Linear worldview vs. Relational worldview
B. Everyday Social Reality Function
C. Cognitive Shaping Function• Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: “the shaper of
ideas” • Strong Form vs. Weak Form
D. Group Membership Function• Code switching (Click to view related video)
E. Social Change Function
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Linear Worldview
Rational thinking
Objective reasoning
Facts and evidence
Polarized interpretation
Analytical dissecting mode
Tangible outcome
Relational Worldview
Connected thinking
Context-based reasoning
Context and relationship
Continuum interpretation
Holistic big-picture mode
Long-term relational outcome
II. Appreciating Diverse II. Appreciating Diverse Language Functions: Cultural Language Functions: Cultural Worldview FunctionWorldview Function
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II. Verbal Communication II. Verbal Communication Styles: Styles: A General Framework A General Framework
LCC Patterns
Individualistic values
Linear logic
Direct verbal style
Matter of fact tone
Informal verbal style
Verbal assertiveness or talkativeness
Verbal self-enhancement style
HCC Patterns
Collectivistic values
Spiral logic
Indirect verbal style Understated or
animated tone Formal verbal style
Verbal reticence or silence
Self-humbling style
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LCC – HCC Application Analysis:• The Joy Luck Club: Film Clip• Roommates Video
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:• Compare and contrast the different verbal styles of the
people in the videos.• What did the low-context communicator say/do? What
did the high-context communicator say/do?• What recommendations do you have for these
communicators to make this conversation go better?
II. Verbal Communication Styles: A General II. Verbal Communication Styles: A General FrameworkFramework
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Beliefs Expressed in Talk and Silence• Silence is interpreted and evaluated
differently across cultures and between persons.
• How do you interpret silence?
Take a look at how the Japanese people use silence to mean different things…
II. Verbal Communication Styles: A General II. Verbal Communication Styles: A General FrameworkFramework
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IV. Intercultural Reality Check: IV. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesDo-Ables
When using your native language with a nonnative speaker, to be flexible verbal communicators, try to practice the following guidelines:
– Practice intercultural empathy– Learn to paraphrase and perception check– Use multiple modes of presentation – Practice language variation usage– Pay attention to nonverbal tone of voice – Understand basic differences of LCC and HCC
patterns – Use nonverbal gestures to complement– Master the language pragmatic rule function
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If you talk to a man in a language he understands,
that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his
language, that goes to his heart.
~ Nelson Mandela
Learn a new language and get a new soul.
~ Czech Proverb
Parting Thoughts…Parting Thoughts…