1

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

CIGRE WG A3.06 CIGRE WG A3.06 CIGRE WG A3.06 CIGRE WG A3.06

ReliabilityReliabilityReliabilityReliabilityof of of of

High Voltage EquipmentHigh Voltage EquipmentHigh Voltage EquipmentHigh Voltage Equipment

Intermediate ResultsIntermediate ResultsIntermediate ResultsIntermediate ResultsCircuit BreakersCircuit BreakersCircuit BreakersCircuit Breakers

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Population

Population

Population

Population

datadatadatadata

Old Old Old Old SurveySurveySurveySurvey 1988198819881988----91919191

70.708 CB 70.708 CB 70.708 CB 70.708 CB yearsyearsyearsyears

22 countries New New New New SurveySurveySurveySurvey55.088 CB / 200446.470 CB / 20056.329 CB / 2006

14.763 CB / 2007

122.650 CB 122.650 CB 122.650 CB 122.650 CB yearsyearsyearsyears

21 countries

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Age Distribution

Age Distribution Total 122650 CB years

before 1979 1979-1983 1984-1988 1989-1993 1994-1998 1999 -2003 2004-2007

Population

Population

Population

Population

datadatadatadata

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Voltage distributionOld survey

700 ≤ V0%

100 ≤ V < 20033%

500 ≤ V < 7003%

63 ≤ V < 10035%

200 ≤ V < 30015%

300 ≤ V < 50014%

Voltage distribution

Voltage distributionNew survey

>= 700 kV0,1%

100<= ... <200 kV

35,7%

500<= ... <700 kV

2,7%

60<= ... <100 kV

36,7%

200<= ... <300 kV

14,5%

300<= ... <500 kV

10,2%

Population

Population

Population

Population

datadatadatadata

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Type of enclosureOld survey

Non metal enclosed

57%

Metal enclosed

43%

Type of enclosure

Type of enclosure New survey

GIS - 1 phase

18%

GIS - 3 phase

15%

Non metal enclosed

38%

Dead tank29%

Population

Population

Population

Population

datadatadatadata

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

LocationOld survey

Indoors15%

Outdoors

85%

Location

LocationNew survey

Outdoor84%

Indoor16%

Population

Population

Population

Population

datadatadatadata

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Kind of service

Kind of service

Transformer25%

Cable6%

Shunt reactor1%

Capacitor3%

Bus-coupler10%

Other1%

Overhead line54%

Population

Population

Population

Population

datadatadatadata

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Type of operating mechanismOld survey

Pneumatic

30%

Hydraulic52%

Spring18%

Type of operating mechanism

Type of operating mechanism New survey

Other1%

Spring49%

Hydraulic27%

Pneumatic23%

Population

Population

Population

Population

datadatadatadata

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Maintenance philosophy

Maintenance philosophyNew survey

Other0,2%

Time based57,2%Condition

based4,7%

Run to failure0,0%

Combination37,9%

Population

Population

Population

Population

datadatadatadata

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

FailureFailureFailureFailure DistributionDistributionDistributionDistribution

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Failure classificationold survey

major12%

minor88%

Old SurveySurveySurveySurvey1988-91

Minor: 3358

Major: 475

New New New New SurveySurveySurveySurvey

up to 2007: up to 2007: up to 2007: up to 2007:

2342 2342 2342 2342 reportsreportsreportsreports

Failure classification

Failure

Failure

Failure

Failure

data

data

data

data

Failure classificationnew survey

major

minor

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Contribution environment "major"Old survey

Rain0%

Strong w ind1%

Snow, ice or hoar—frost

1%Sudden variation in temperature

2%

Corrosive atmosphere

0%

Fog or high humidity

1%

Lightning3%

Others 1%

Pollution including dust

0%

No contribution

91%

Failure

Failure

Failure

Failure

data

data

data

data

Contribution of environment

Contribution environment "major"New survey

No contribution

93%

contribution7%

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Service conditions Old survey

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

In service oravailable for

service

Duringmaintenance

Other cases

major

minor1 2 3 4 5 6

Service conditions / New survey

minor

major

Failure

Failure

Failure

Failure

data

data

data

data

Service conditions

1 de-energized - Available for service

2 Normal service - no operation command

3 Normal service operation demanded

4 Fault clearing operation

5 Operation occurred without command

6 During or directly after testing / maintenance

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Major failure modes

Main failure modes:

1+2 Does not close / open on command

20 Locking in open or closed position by the control system

21 Loss of mechanical integrity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Major failor modeOld survey

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Major failor modeNew surveyFa

ilure

Failure

Failure

Failure

data

data

data

data

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Components responcible

Component atservice voltage

Electrical controland auxiliary circuits

Operatingmechanism

Kinematic chain

Components responsible for major failures

New survey%Old survey%

Failure

Failure

Failure

Failure

data

data

data

data

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Components responsible

Components responsible for MF dependence on age

before 1984 1984 - 1993 1994 - 2003

Component at service voltage

Electrical control and auxiliary circuits

Kinematic chain

Operating mechanism

Failure

Failure

Failure

Failure

data

data

data

data

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Major failure rate

Major failure rate / age

before 1984 1984 - 1993 1994 - 2003

Failure

Failure

Failure

Failure

data

data

data

data

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CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

• The majority of the CB´s is used at service voltages between 60 and 200 kV

• The majority of the CB´s is installed outdoors

• 54% of the CB´s are used for overhead lineswitching

• The mainly used type of operating mechanism has changed from hydraulic to spring design

• Most of the failures seem to happen during normal service

• Leakage of SF6 or oil seems still to be a problem

• Operating mechanisms are still the most reportedcomponents responsible for mayor failures

Main Conclusions

Failure

Failure

Failure

Failure

data

data

data

data

Population

Population

Population

Population

datadatadatadata

But gettingbetter!

19

CIGRE WG A3.06 Reliability of High Voltage Equipm entIntermediate Results CIRCUIT BREAKERS

CIGRE WG A3.06 CIGRE WG A3.06 CIGRE WG A3.06 CIGRE WG A3.06 IntermediateIntermediateIntermediateIntermediate ResultsResultsResultsResultsCircuit BreakersCircuit BreakersCircuit BreakersCircuit Breakers

Task Force Circuit Breakers:Task Force Circuit Breakers:WG A3WG A3--06 Tutorial06 TutorialOctober 2008October 2008 Dirk Makareinis, Carl E. SDirk Makareinis, Carl E. S öölver,lver,SeoulSeoul Antoni Hyrczak, Kresimir Mestrovic,Antoni Hyrczak, Kresimir Mestrovic,

Manuel Lopez Cormenzana, Manuel Lopez Cormenzana, Antonio CarvalhoAntonio Carvalho , Bob Sweeney, Bob Sweeney

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