climate responsive design me121

8/17/2019 Climate Responsive Design ME121

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Climate Responsive Design

Climate responsive design is related to the specifc regional macro andmicroclimate o a building and has a crucial eect on the energy demand or theclimate control o a building. The main principles or climate responsive design

are passive cooling and passive heating (also as passive solar utilization),which should be applied on the building design process according to the specifcclimate and global position.

Climate zones and structural requirements

The main climate zones and their distinctive eatures are generally simplifedclassifed in main zones!" #ot and humid climate zones" #ot and dry climate zones" Temperate climate zones" Cold climate zones

1.)Hot and Humid Climate Zones

The hot and humid climate zones are predominantly located near thee$uator. %egions belonging to it are or e&ample large areas o 'outh and 'outhast sia, 'outh and *iddle merica as well as Central rica. The monsoonclimate zones o 'outh sia and +orth ustralia may here be also includedbecause the re$uirements or the conception o buildings o the partly similar inthese regions.

The dominant climate actors o hot and humid climate zones are!

" #igh relative humidity (- /--0)


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" #igh average rainall (/1--mm to 1---mm per year, upper e&tremity to2---mm per year" 'mooth temperature pattern (average varieties are only appro&. 34 per day and24 per year)" #ighest air temperature during the day is appro&. 5-6C (768) in annual

average" 9owest air temperature during the night is appro&. 126C (3368) in annualaverage" #igh clouds re$uency and thereore high percentage o diuse radiation(indirect sunlight)" t cloudless s:ies high percentage o direct radiation, but mostly moderated byclouds" 9ow air pressure" ;enerally only small airrotection o components rom permanent moisture penetration by wellcontrolled rainwater drainage and ventilation

Typical pile dwelling in thewarm and humid climate of Paraguay.

Multi-storey buildings with big

windows and steep roofs in the monsoon climateof the east African islands (e.g.: Lamu and Zanibar!.


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?uring the planning and design o a climate responsive building or humidregions the utilisation o air


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elements$ #ertical orientated at the east and westfacades$ horiontal orientated at the north fa*adeand no lamellae at the south fa*ade due to the

location on the southern hemisphere. igopenings in the fa*ade and multi storied air spaces allow a natural #entilation of the rooms

through shaded and partly greened terrace areas.

Two climateresponsi#e buildings in the tropicalclimate of Ta+oradi$ ,hana$ #iewedfrom west. The left building is

protected against the sun byhoriontal #ertical orientated shadingelements integrated in a well#entilated structure in front of the

building en#elope and the spatialstructure. The building on the right

side is well protected againstradiation from the south but has nofied shading elements against lowsun in the west. n case of sunshinethere are rollers installed (#isible atthe first floor under the roof! which

can be temporarily used to shade theopenings.

lmost all cyclones are accompanied by heavy rainalls, which may oten

lead to signifcant conse$uential damages, caused by


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near" and middle"east, the south"west countries o rica and 'outh merica, theinner regions o ustralia, Bndia, central China, as well as the dry regions onorthern *e&ico and the south"western A'.

The dominant climate actors o arid climate zones are!

" 9ow relative humidity (/- 2-0)" Fery low average rainall (- 12-mm per year), rainall may appear but withhigh rainall or short term" #igh variations in temperature (average varieties are appro&. 1-4 per day)" #ighest air temperatures during the day are appro&. 52 57 C (G2 /--. 8) inannual average. Bn continental desert areas they may reach more than2- C (/11 8)" 9owest air temperatures during the night are appro&. / 1- C (-.7- 78) inannual average. Temperatures around - C (51 8) may appear." 9ow cloud re$uency, mostly clear s:y, temporarily high dust portion in the air" Bntensive direct solar radiation

" #igh air pressure" Farying air


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0ompact and closed buildingswith minimised window openings and thic+ massi#e walls out of earth for big phase shift and

amplitude attenuation in the hot and dry climateof Morocco (e.g. with cold nights$ dependent onthe ele#ation abo#e sea le#el!.

1arrow shaded alleys andcourtyards in the desert architecture of Algeriareduce solar radiation absorbance of buildingsand occupants. The platform roofs do function as

sleeping places during the hottest season.

llustration of atraditional building type in Arabcountries with a wind catcher (or scoop!$ low tech e#aporati#e

cooling de#ice (e#aporati#ecooling! and a double layeredroof.

&ouble layered roofs at a 2otel building in Morocco. The white plastered outsidelayer functions as a well #entilated solar radiationreflector.

3.) Temperate Climate Zones

The temperate climate zones are attached to the tropics to the north and to thesouth.=elonging to it are the countries o middle and 'outh urope, southern 'outhmerica, the most regions o the A', southern %ussia and China, 4orea, Hapan,+ew Iealand, on the east and south coast o ustralia as well as some areas insouthernmost rica.Bn contrast to the previous described climate zones, the temperate climate zones

are eatured by distinctive seasons, which are characterized by high varieties intemperature between summer and winter. This is the main similarity between


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the countries located in temperate climate zones. Bn other respects there aresignifcant variations between the climatic conditions o single regions,dependent on their continental location or special in


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3outh facades of houses in the

4mbrian city Perugia in northern taly withsloped roofs and relati#ely big windows to catchthe winter sun and well protected against thesummer sun by mo#able shutters.

Arcade 0orridor on the southside of a building in 5enice$ taly. A comfortablesite during low winter sun with warmed walls in

the bac+ and the sun in the face$ whilecomfortable shady and cool during high summer sun.

"ld timbered farm house in thecostal area of 1orth /estern ,ermany with lowand sloped straw roof well protected againststrong winds and rain. 5iew from 1orth /est themain weather-side.

"ld fisher house in the costalarea of /estern 3cotland with natural stone walls

and sloped straw roof well protected againststrong winds and rain. 5iew to 1orth /est the

main weather-side.


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"ld fisher house in the costal area of 'e)u

sland in 3outh-6orea withnatural stone walls and slopedstraw roof well protected against

strong winds and rain. The bigopening in the south fa*adeallows comfortable #entilationand shading during the warmsummer$ allows passi#e solar utilisation during the winter and

can be closed during cold nightsand strong winds. 5iew from thesouth west.

n important component or the heat insulation is also the impermeabilityo splices o the building envelope and all building apertures, which can reducesignifcantly the re$uired energy demand or heating during winter and possiblyalso or cooling during summer. ?ue to the oten strong winds in some countriesduring the transitional periods and the cold seasons, in case o lea:ageimplementation o splices the related heat losses are increasing substantial.minently sensible are additional moving apparatuses out o heat insulatingmaterials, to close not re$uired vents (e.g. windows during the night or o theutilisation period o a building). 'uch a :ind o apparatuses li:e retractable, slideor roller shutters do reduce the heat losses o the whole building apertures

including the splices.Particular climate occurrences which re7uire special considerations during theimplementation planning in some areas are$ etreme amounts of precipitation (regarding roofing and

drainage!$ big snow loads (location of building apertures and load assumptions!$ summery tornados or

typhoons and wintery bliards which can turn the climate conditions of a temperate climate one into

the etreme condition of cold climate ones.

4.) The Cold Climate Zones

The cold climate zones are attached to the temperate climate zones indirection o the poles. &cept the ntarctic, all countries o the cold climatezones are located on the northern hemisphere. Countries belonging to areCanada, las:a, northern states o the A', ;reenland, Bsland as well as parts o'candinavia, the =altic 'tates and%ussia. Compared with the temperate climate zones the cold climate zones areeven morecharacterised by distinctive seasons. The dominant actors o cold climates are!" 9ow relative humidity, especially during the winter months" 9ow rainall (only appro&. 12-mmJa in the ringe area to the arctic zone)" 9ow temperatures in annual average (- 6C, or 51 1.768)" 9ong"lasting rost periods (2 to G months), in part permarost in the low lying

support"layers


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" 9ow variations in temperature over the day (due to long brightness in summerand long"lasting dar:ness in winter)" #igh annual variations in temperature in continental areas ('iberia 2 -4)" 9ow to middle annual variations in temperature in coastal areas or areasin


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straw balls or snow is piled up at the low northern wall under the roo overhangor additional insulation. This techni$ue is common also at traditional buildings inother cold regions.

A house in the 3wiss Alps withlow roof at the northern side and insulating snowmass.

The 3outh facade of a school inthe 3wiss Alps with thic+ insulated walls and big

insulated windows for the utilisation of the winter

sun. &uring the summer hidden rollers (5isibleon top of the window openings! can be pulleddown to shade the openings. The construction is acontemporary timber construction orientated attraditional building design. in the 3wiss Alps

with low roof at the northern side and insulatingsnow mass.

n intensive protection rom intruding moisture is necessary on allcomponents, above all on the roofng. The more


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*indanao 'tate Aniversity

8atima, ;eneral 'antos City

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

College o ngineering


;eneral Thermodynamics * /1/

C


'econd 'emester

'chool Lear 1-/2"1-/

Tuesday M 8riday /!--"1!5- pm



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%e$uirements

Climate Responsive Design


4evin rl F. ?iana

1-/5"-2-

?adula, ?anilo

* /1/ 9ecturer

climate responsive design me121

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