Carnival 73 Colville/Golborne community history project issue 4 August 2013

Mas In The Ghetto 40th Anniversary Celebrations

1973 Remembered 40th anniversary celebrations of the birth of the Notting Hill Carnival as we know it today, organised by Leslie Palmer, featuring One Love Steve, Mangrove Fats and Zoomer D, Pan Nectar, Memphis Foley and friends on Portobello Green.

Carnival 73 featuring Leslie Palmer by Tony Auguste and Mas in the Ghetto by Anthony Perry films, and Carnival photo history exhibition from Ishmahil Blagrove‟s archive at Flyover/Café Nova 3/5 Thorpe Close 5-9pm. See page 8 for further details.

Portobello Green/Flyover August 21 2013 3/5 Thorpe Close Ladbroke Grove W10 5XL 4-10pm

www.westway.org www.theflyover.co.uk www.colvillecom.com

had been happening since 1966, there had been no increase in the number of bands or participants. Semi-professional Trinidadian steel band players normally made up the band membership and a mixture of the West Indian community and local hippies attended. At the meeting I convinced Mr Perry of the need to include the participation of other islanders and the bands and sound-systems beloved of the youth. Anthony Perry provided an office at his headquarters at 3 Acklam Road and lent his organisation‟s charitable status, which I used to raise £700 to launch the event, and attracted 50,000 people. There were 6 steel bands, 6 reggae/soul bands and 6 sound-systems, dotted beneath the Westway and about the surrounding streets. 3 mas bands also appeared, marking the beginning of the costume tradition, as well as stalls selling West Indian food on the Amenity Trust land by the flyover. The event received front page national press coverage. In the spring of 1974 we exhibited photos of the Carnival on the walls of the Westway Information Centre on Ladbroke Grove, and in 1975 the exhibition moved to the ICA on the Mall. The Carnival template was decisively drawn on that historic day in 1973. Leslie Palmer was 30 years old that weekend. He will be celebrating his 70th birthday on August 21 at Portobello Green.

1973 Remembered: Celebrating the birth of Notting Hill Carnival as we know it today… by Leslie Palmer Without the active assistance and personal intervention and encouragement of Anthony Perry, the then director of the North Kensington Amenity Trust (the forerunner of the Westway Development Trust), Notting Hill Carnival would most probably have died a natural death. Being a local resident himself, he realised that the West Indian community had been struggling to maintain a tradition of a late August bank holiday weekend celebration in the streets started by Rhaune Laslett in 1966. In 1971/72 he had made Portobello Green available as the central assembly point to the then organisers, as well as donating initial funds for hire of a truck to trans-port the musicians through the streets. With 7 weeks to go before the August bank holiday weekend in 1973 and no organisers coming forward to prepare (the previous one, Merle Major, was pregnant), he advertised a meet-ing under the flyover at the Westway Theatre in Time Out; asking for the participation of local residents and their response to the question of whether they wanted the event to continue or not. It was a Sunday afternoon and only 5 people turned up. I was one of them. The event used to take the form of volunteer steel band players forming a band which traversed the streets of the North Kensington community. Although this had

1973 Remembered by Leslie Palmer

1973 Notting Hill Timeline

April 22 In JG Ballard‟s Concrete Island novel, Robert Maitland crashes on to the Westway roundabout traffic island and becomes stuck there. In Hollywood W10/11, The Satanic Rites of Dracula features hells angels kid-napping a girl on Bard Road for a property speculator vampire. In the Antonioni film The Passenger, set in 1973, Jack Nicholson is on Lansdowne Crescent. May 8/9 The Notting Hill People‟s Association staged a „community lock-in‟ at All Saints church hall on Powis Gardens, reported as „The Siege of Notting Hill‟, during which councillors were forced to listen to locals‟ demands: for compulsory purchase orders to be put on multi-occupied properties, the Tabernacle church to be converted into a community centre, and the Electric Cinema on Portobello to be saved from redevelopment. 25 Powis Square, Mick Jagger‟s house in Performance, was squatted and sold to Notting Hill Housing Trust. May 10 Another heated meeting was held at Isaac New-ton School on Lancaster Road about the school‟s future. July The North Kensington Amenity Trust director Anthony Perry called a public meeting about the Carnival‟s equally doubtful future and Rhaune Laslett‟s successor Leslie Palmer appeared. The Trinidadian Carnivalist came up with the plan to transform the old hippy fair into „an urban festival of black music incorporating all aspects of Trinidad‟s Carnival.‟ August Leslie Palmer founded the modern Notting Hill Carnival from 3 Acklam Road; finding sponsorship, recruiting more steel bands, reggae groups and sound-systems, introducing generators and extending the route. The attendance went up accordingly. The „Carnival ‟73 Mas in the Ghetto‟ consisted of a festival on Portobello Green, with „pan on the road from 4pm‟. The procession route was along Acklam, Wornington and Golborne back to Portobello and around Colville. At the time of JG Ballard‟s Concrete Island story, John Trux‟s Greasy Truckers Promotions presented a series of „Magic Roundabout‟ hippy/prog rock free gigs under the Westway roundabout, by Ace, Kevin Ayers, Camel, Chilli Willi, Clancy, Henry Cow, Gong, Skin Alley, Sniff and the Tears, and Spyra Gyra; and Jimmy Savile opened a redevelopment bay under the flyover. On Basing Street, the Wailers and the Rolling Stones were in Chris Blackwell‟s Island studios at the same time, recording 'Burnin' and 'Goat's Head Soup' respectively. The studios were also used by the Eagles to record 'Desperado'. The Virgin label was founded with an Island distribution deal for Mike Oldfield. Mick Jones of the Clash moved to a flat on the 18th floor of Wilmcote House on Harrow Road overlooking the Westway. November 5 The Tabernacle church in Powis Square was occupied by hippies for a squat party.

January 1 Britain joined the EEC European Economic Community. 17 Phase 2 of the pay and prices freeze was announced. 23 The Vietnam war officially ended with Paris peace agreement. Nixon aides were convicted of the Watergate burglary. February Gas, railway and civil service strikes began over pay. March The IRA launched a bombing campaign in London. March 22 The Counter-Inflation bill became law. April 1 VAT was introduced. May 1 1.6 million workers took part in a one day strike over the pay increase limit. The Watergate hearings began. Tory minister Lord Lambton resigned over a Profumo affair anniversary sex scandal. August The first modern Notting Hill Carnival was organised by Leslie Palmer. September 20 Chilean president Allende was assassinated. 20 trade unions were expelled from the TUC for obeying the Industrial Relations Act. October Denis Healey promised that Labour would increase taxation of the rich as Ted Heath announced Phase 3 of the pay and prices freeze. 12 OPEC negotiations began over the price of oil. 17 The price of oil was increased by 70% and production cut back in protest at US support for Israel in the Yom Kippur war. England were held to a draw by Poland and failed to qualify for the 1974 World Cup finals. November 1 The last issue of Oz magazine came out. 4 The Arab oil embargo was increased. 13 A state of emergency was declared as industrial action spread. 25 The 200th British soldier was killed in Northern Ireland. 26 Petrol rationing plans were announced as 200 petrol stations closed. 29 Saudi oil minister Sheikh Yamani said British oil supplies were assured. December 5 A 50 mph speed limit was imposed to save fuel. 14 Ugandan leader Idi Amin launched a „Save Britain‟ campaign. 17 A 3-day week started as the Chancellor Anthony Barber announced £1,200 million public spending cuts. 23 Arab producers doubled the price of oil. 1973 number ones „Blockbuster‟ by Sweet, „Cum On Feel The Noise‟ by Slade, „The Twelfth Of Never‟ by Donny Osmond, „Get Down‟ by Gilbert O‟Sullivan, „Tie A Yellow Ribbon Round The Old Oak Tree‟ by Dawn, „See My Baby Jive‟ by Wizzard, „Can The Can‟ by Suzi Quatro, „Rubber Bullets‟ by 10cc, „Skweeze Me Pleeze Me‟ by Slade, „Welcome Home‟ by Peters and Lee, „I‟m The Leader Of The Gang‟ by Gary Glitter, „Young Love‟ by Donny Osmond, „Angel Fingers‟ by Wizzard, „Eye Level‟ by the Simon Park Orchestra, „Daydreamer‟ by David Cassidy, „I Love You Love Me‟ by Glitter, „Merry Xmas Everybody‟ by Slade. 73 LPs „Aladdin Sane‟ by David Bowie, „Burnin‟ by the Wailers, „Dark Side of the Moon‟ by Pink Floyd, „For Your Pleasure‟ by Roxy Music, „Tubular Bells‟ by Mike Oldfield. 73 films American Graffiti, Badlands, Black Caesar, Carry On Girls, The Day of the Jackal, Don’t Look Now, The Exorcist, Mean Streets, O Lucky Man, The Sting, A Touch of Class.

1973 International Timeline

The next pivotal year in Notting Hill Carnival history after 1966, when the first street procession took place, was 1973 when Rhaune Laslett‟s successor Leslie Palmer appeared at a meeting under the Westway called by the North Kensington Amenity Trust director Anthony Perry. In his room on Westbourne Park Villas, Palmer came up with the plan to expand the hippy festival and steel band jump up. Anthony Perry duly set him up in an office on Acklam Road, and Notting Hill Carnival was transformed into „an urban festival of black music incorporating all aspects of Trinidad‟s Carnival‟, as well as festivities and music of the other islands of the West Indies. From 3 Acklam Road Leslie Palmer established the blueprint of the modern event; getting sponsorship, recruiting more steel bands, reggae groups and sound-systems, introducing generators and extending the route. The attendance went up accordingly from 3,000 at the beginning of the 70s to 30-50,000. The „Carnival ‟73 Mas in the Ghetto‟ consisted of a festival with „pan on the road from 4pm‟; 3 mas bands. 6 steel bands, 6 sound-systems and 6 „electric funk/Afro/black music‟ bands alongside the flyover on selected street corners including Black Slate on St Ervan‟s Road. The procession route was along Acklam, Wornington and Golborne back to Portobello and then around Colville. “It was all organised in just 7 weeks with a budget of £700 raised from an office and telephone donated by Anthony Perry,” recalls Leslie, “with a staff of 4 volunteers, Robert Bigger Hamilton, Tony Soares (the founder of Grassroots bookshop and Westway Housing Association), Geraldine Smith, my ex-partner and myself, 2 teenagers Donald Francis and Leon Waithe also helped.” The island breakdown of the steel bands was two Dominican/St Lucian, the Arawaks and Domini-can Brothers, two local, Ebony and Sterling Betancourt‟s, one from north London organised by Bigger, and one assorted, on 6 lorries. The mas bands were led by the Carnival pioneers Peter Minshall and Lawrence Noel, Silma Faustine‟s Dominican women‟s, and the Ladbroke Grove Jailbirds on Remand protest against the Sus laws. In his youth Leslie Palmer had played mas with the Trinidad All Stars and his local band in San Juan. He came to London in 1964 aged 21 and first lived in Kensal Rise, where he helped form the Blue Notes Steel Orchestra led by Pedro Burgess, with Lloyd Greaves, Justin Barber Fredericks, Vin Alexander, the Amoroso Brothers, John Belgrave, Archie Cephas, Harold Bruce and Wilmott Joseph. The band appeared at the post-Claudia Jones indoors Caribbean Carnival shows organised by Vibert Scrubbs, Frank Bynoe and Victor Crichlow, and at the late 60s Notting Hill street processions of Rhaune Laslett. Meanwhile Leslie went to Liverpool to train to become a teacher, the profession by which he is known on the streets of Notting Hill.

1973 Mas in the Ghetto By the mid 70s Jamaican reggae was becoming increas-ingly popular at the Carnival, though Afros still held sway over dreadlocks. In 1974 the Cimarons played, along with Phil Fearon and David Joseph of Hi-Tension, and Alex Pascall broadcast his Black Londoners BBC Radio London show from Ladbroke Grove; thus attracting black youth from all over London rather than just locals. Winston Reedy‟s Cimarons formed in Harlesden in 1967 and were the first homegrown reggae group to achieve pop recognition, reaching number 4 (as the Hotshots) with „Snoopy Versus The Red Baron‟ in 1973. Meanwhile the 90s Carnival chair Claire Holder began making costumes for the Ebony mas band on Lancaster Road. Acklam Road in the mid 70s is described in Soft City by Jonathan Raban as consisting of: „a locked shack with Free Shop spraygunned on it, and old shoes and sofas piled in heaps around it; a makeshift playground under the arches of the motorway with huge crayon faces drawn on the concrete pillars; slogans in whitewash, from Smash the Pigs to Keep Britain White...‟ Michael Moorcock‟s King of the City novel contains a report of a free gig at the Westway Theatre on Portobello Green featuring Brinsley Schwarz and an audience of „Swedish flower children, American Yippies and French ‟ippies.‟ On JG Ballard‟s Concrete Island under the Westway roundabout, John Trux‟s Greasy Truckers Promotions presented „Magic Roundabout‟ free gigs by Ace, Kevin Ayers, Burlesque, Camel, Chilli Willi, Keith Christmas, Clancy, Henry Cow, Fat City, the Global Village Trucking Company, Gong, Skin Alley, Sniff and the Tears, and Spyra Gyra. The archetypal Old Grey Whistle Test prog rock outfit Camel were led by the local keyboard player Peter Bardens, the son of the novelist Dennis. Clancy featured Barry Ford later of the reggae group Merger. The Virgin acts Gong and Henry Cow would shortly find themselves on Portobello Road in Vernon Yard. Kevin Ayers, formerly of Soft Machine, is also notable for running off with Richard Branson‟s first wife. Some other 73 hits „Killing Me Softly With His Song‟ by Roberta Flack, „You‟re So Vain‟ by Carly Simon, „Touch Me In The Morning‟ by Diana Ross, „Superstition‟ and „You Are The Sunshine Of My Life‟ by Stevie Wonder, „Midnight Train To Georgia‟ by Gladys Knight and the Pips, „Life On Mars‟ by David Bowie, „Saturday Night‟s Alright For Fighting‟ by Elton John, „Papa Was A Rolling Stone‟ by the Temptations, „Yesterday Once More‟ and „Top Of The World‟ by the Carpenters, „Love Train‟ by the O‟Jays, „Rocky Mountain High‟ by John Denver, „Angie‟ by the Rolling Stones, „Live And Let Die‟ by Paul McCartney and Wings, „Smoke On The Water‟ by Deep Purple, „Stuck In The Middle With You‟ by Stealers Wheel, „I‟ve Got So Much To Give‟ by Barry White, „Money‟ by Pink Floyd, „That Lady Part 1‟ by the Isley Brothers, „Hocus Pocus‟ by Focus, „Superfly‟ by Curtis Mayfield, „Reeling In The Years‟ by Steely Dan, „Living In The Past‟ by Jethro Tull, „The World Is A Ghetto‟ by War, „I Got Ants In My Pants‟ by James Brown.

Following the Westway opening re-housing protests and a campaign against the GLC plan for a bus garage between Portobello and Ladbroke Grove, another local political struggle with the Council developed for control of the Motorway Development Trust. Out of this in 1971 came the North Kensington Amenity Trust (now the Westway Development Trust). The purpose of the trust was to develop the 23 acres under the flyover for the benefit and use of the local community. In the 70s the area along Thorpe Close and Acklam hosted Hawkwind gigs, the first Carnival office and riots, Briggsy‟s garage yard, Wilf Walker‟s reggae promotions, Ebony steel band, Grass Roots black book stall and Acklam Hall. Anthony Perry recalls: “Carnival at that time was simply a lorry with a gramophone on the back, nothing more than that, almost entirely white, if it had a centre it would be Powis Square.” Ironically, as the voice of the black community began to be heard at the start of the 70s, if anything Notting Hill Carnival became more of a hippy festival. After Rhaune Laslett‟s original Carnival committee pulled out, due to the racial tension in the area between the police and the black/hippy community at the time of the first Mangrove trial, the radical street hippies took over. The steel bands, by then including Ebony, were organised by Selwyn Baptiste, Merle Major, Granville Price and Andre Shervington. The 1970 Notting Hill „People‟s Carnival‟ on August 30 consisted of a procession around the area, led by Ginger Johnson‟s African-Cuban drummers and a witchdoctor. Proceed-ings ended with a festival in the Powis Square gardens featuring Socca/Sacatash, Mataya, Stackhouse, James Metzner, „and various local musicians.‟ In 1971 the hippy underground paper Frendz made „a call to all progressive people; black people smash the racist immigration bill; workers of Britain smash the Industrial Relations bill. All progressive people unite and smash growing fascism. Rally and march July 25, Acklam Road, Ladbroke Grove 2pm. Black Unity and Freedom Party.‟ The ad for the „People‟s Free Carnival August 29-September 4 1971‟ proclaimed: „The Streets of Notting Hill belong to the people—Rock‟n‟roll, steel bands, street theatre, many goodies. Any bands, people, ideas or help of any sort contact Frendz or People‟s Association 90 Talbot Road W2.‟ The Frendz Angry Brigade special reported that the „People‟s Carnival got off to a joyous start. The street fest continues all this week so do it in the road as noisily as you can.‟ The Pink Fairies street hippy group were pictured amongst the kids in the Powis Square gardens, „at a quieter moment during the Notting Hill Free Carnival, a fantastic week of music, theatre and dancing in the street. Everybody got it on and the streets really came alive.‟ Pictures of Mighty Baby and Skin Alley playing on Portobello Green were captioned: „The weekly Saturday concert under Westway in Portobello Road pounds on. Next week Graham Bond, Pink Fairies and Hawkwind.‟ Skin Alley told Frendz of an anti-common market demo

in Powis Square, with Julie Driscoll and some „very far out modern jazz trios‟ who didn‟t go down well with the local kids. Powis Square, during the 1971 Notting Hill Carnival, was the unlikely venue of the debut with Hawkwind of Lemmy, later of Motörhead. Merle Major an angry West Indian mother of 6, led a procession chanting “Power to the People”, from her old house on St Ervan‟s Road to Powis Square, where the Notting Hill People‟s Association had opened a squat for her. As an effigy of her landlord was burnt, Merle sang „Fire In The Hole‟, including the line, ‘the people of the borough pay for your car.’ In 1972 the Carnival was organised by Merle Major, assisted by her partner Saga, Bigger Hamilton and Anthony Perry. The North Stars steel band from Trinidad featuring Bubbles and Bravo appeared, and Merle led the children‟s procession from the Venture Centre adventure playground on Wornington Road. Meanwhile on Basing Street, as Jimmy Cliff left Island in the wake of The Harder They Come, Bob Marley turned up at the studios, when he was staying in Neasden after playing with Johnny Nash. Chris Blackwell proceeded to market the Wailers‟ „Catch A Fire‟ as the first rock/reggae crossover album. ‘So let’s not talk of love and flowers and things that don’t explode, we used up all our magic powers trying to do it in the road.’ Hawkwind‟s „Urban Guerrilla‟ single was banned by the BBC and withdrawn by their record company United Artists at the time of the 1973 IRA bombing campaign on the mainland. The most notorious 70s terrorist, Carlos the Jackal was also in the area, setting up PFLP safehouses on Hereford Road and Chesterton Road. But after the Angry Brigade trial in 1972, the Wise brothers recall the revolutionary tradition of „fleet footing it out of the Gate‟ to attack the Spectacle becoming a cliché. Frendz at 305 Portobello Road, the People‟s Defence or Notting Hill Red Defence anti-police group, the West London Claimants‟ Union, and the People‟s Association housing group; made a last stand, proclaiming that „in isolation we can too easily lose our strategy and initiative and that‟s what „they‟ want—together we can start to turn Notting Hill into a liberated zone.‟ Nigel Fountain in Underground calls Frendz an „image of a movement going completely off its head‟, as the combined effects of Portobello market forces, „tramps, the occasional threat of physical violence, the offices on Portobello Road‟, were taking their toll. Frendz described themselves as „libertarians, leftish loons, freaks and heads who want to get things on now‟; such as „claimants‟ unions, liberation groups and free festivals.‟ Next door at 301/3 Portobello Road, formerly a café and West Indian barbers, became Back-a-Yard, Rhodan Gordon‟s renowned Caribbean restaurant, and in the late 70s the Black People‟s Information/Action Centre/Afro boutique with the accompanying market stall of the Dread Broadcasting Corporation pirate radio station.

From 1973 to 75 Leslie Palmer created the platform for the parade of costume bands from the islands of the West Indies on the streets of Notting Hill; widened the support base encouraging and creating opportunities for participation by all islanders, as well as British born blacks in the accommodation of live music and DJs with specific reference to music emanating from the African Diaspora; provided a constitution which ensured democratic representation from participating groups in order to govern policy and financial accountability through an elected committee; solicited the support and active participation of West Indian Commissions and Embassies creating dialogue with the Home Office and police which improved police/community relations and prompted visits to the islands to observe Carnival celebrations and policing methods; identified and received funding from local and central government sources, arts and cultural agencies as well as private art patrons, establishing a solid financial base to secure the Carnival‟s future; encouraged sponsors to come into the Carnival by the provision of advertising outlets via steel bands and DJs, posters and ads, benefiting the growth of the steel band movement; introduced steel band competitions on the road with fixed judging points, as well as mas competitions; solicited employment for steel bands and mas makers in the Lord Mayor‟s Show; arranged photo and costume exhibitions promoting Carnival arts; negotiated and introduced live radio broad-casts from the Carnival by Radio London and Capital Radio; introduced stalls selling West Indian cuisine and free stalls for community groups. However, as the Notting Hill Carnival attendance rose to a reputed 500,000 in the mid 70s, the event‟s press profile changed from harmless funky calypso party to public order problem. Back in Trinidad, as Michael X was executed, the calypsonian Black Stalin sang: ‘Go rap to them baldhead, tell them, calypso’s gone dread.’ As the militant reggae years of the Carnival Development Committee began in 1976, inspiring the punk/reggae fusion of the Clash, (the recently reformed) Black Slate had a hit with „Sticks Man‟ and played with punk bands. In the late 70s Leslie Palmer worked for Island Records promoting reggae worldwide, including local heroes Aswad, signing Rico and Ijahman Levi, and doing PR for John Martyn. When Bob Marley and the Wailers were recording „Exodus‟ on Basing Street in 77, he recalls being with Bob and Lee Perry when they came up with the lyrics of „Punky Reggae Party‟ at the Island HQ in St Peter‟s Square. Les then became Toots and the Maytals‟ agent and tour manager, his agency also hosted Janet Kay, Alton Ellis and Steel Pulse. He later founded the Brent Black Music Co-op and What’s on in Tobago magazine. Anthony Perry founded the Westway Theatre, sports centre and the Acklam Hall community centre on the site of Supperclub. His previous claim to pop fame was working on the Beatles‟ Yellow Submarine animated film. „Yellow Submarine‟ was sung by children on the first Notting Hill Carnival procession in 1966.

Monday August 5-Monday August 12 Colville photo history exhibition Westbourne Grove Old Sorting Office Monday August 12 7pm Carnival 73 featuring Leslie Palmer/Mas in the Ghetto/58 Riot films and Mas and Mayhem exhibition Book and Kitchen 31 All Saints Road Sunday August 18 Carnival 73/Mas in the Ghetto films Flagz soca Carnival night Acklam Village Wednesday August 21 4-10pm 1973 Remembered Portobello Green Carnival 40th and Leslie Palmer‟s 70th celebrations featuring One Love Steve reggae DJ with supporting soca DJs, Mangrove Fats and Zoomer D, Pan Nectar steel band led by Carnival pioneer Miguel Baradas, Memphis Foley and friends reggae band, and guests including Gaz Mayall, Pan Diva, Lord Cloak, Powis One Voice Drummers led by Niles Hailstones, and Genesis and Tabby Kids Carnival costume groups 5-9pm 1973 Remembered Flyover 3/5 Thorpe Close Carnival 73 featuring Leslie Palmer by Tony Auguste/ Westway TV and Mas in the Ghetto by Anthony Perry films and Carnival photo history exhibition from Ishmahil Blagrove‟s Rice‟n‟Peas archive

Sunday August 25/Monday August 26 Notting Hill Carnival 2013 weekend Saturday August 31 Claudia Jones anti-racism march from Ladbroke Grove to US embassy 50th anniversary September Colville photo history exhibition stairs and top bar launch Tabernacle Friday September 6 8pm 58 Riot Tour/Carnival 73/Mas in the Ghetto/Hollywood W11/10 Pop-Up Cinema Acklam Village Portobello Film Festival 2013 August 28-September 15 Thursday September 19 Brian Nevill‟s Boom Baby book launch by McZine Publishing Monday September 23-Saturday September 28 North Kensington Library Ladbroke Grove local history week 23 6-8pm Notting Hill Caribbean Culture talk by John David 24 5-8pm Carnival 73/58 Riot/Grove Roots films 26 Portobello market talk by Blanche Girouard 28 1-4pm Carnival mask making workshop children‟s library Wednesday October 2 Portobello Voices by Blanche Girouard book launch 20th Century Theatre Westbourne Grove October 7-18 to be confirmed Carnival history exhibition Carnival 73/58 Riot Yaa Asantewaa Centre Chippenham Mews Tuesday November 5 Tabernacle Powis Square hippy squat party 40th anniversary

Colville Community History Project www.colvillecom.com www.vaguerants.org.uk tomvague@gmail.com

Carnival 73 filmshows/talks etc August/September 2013