computer hardware mr. richard orr technology teacher bednarcik jr. high school
TRANSCRIPT
Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
Mr. Richard OrrMr. Richard Orr
Technology TeacherTechnology Teacher
Bednarcik Jr. High SchoolBednarcik Jr. High School
MotherboardMotherboard
Most important part of the Personal Most important part of the Personal ComputerComputer Everything is directly or indirectly connected Everything is directly or indirectly connected
to itto it Also called System BoardsAlso called System Boards Released in Two FormsReleased in Two Forms
AT – Advanced TechnologyAT – Advanced Technology ATX – AT ExtendedATX – AT Extended
AT MotherboardAT Motherboard
Introduced in Mid Introduced in Mid 1980’s1980’s
Only one connector Only one connector port port KeyboardKeyboard
Other components Other components connected through connected through serial or expansion serial or expansion slotsslots
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ATX MotherboardATX Motherboard
Introduced in Mid 1990’sIntroduced in Mid 1990’s Several built in connector Several built in connector
portsports IDE or SATAIDE or SATA
Hard Drive, CD, and DVDHard Drive, CD, and DVD
Bus Expansion SlotsBus Expansion Slots Video, Sound, Modem, and Video, Sound, Modem, and
Ethernet CardsEthernet Cards
Processor SocketProcessor Socket Intel or AMDIntel or AMD
Memory SlotsMemory Slots
Connector PortsConnector Ports
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The Expansion BusThe Expansion Bus
Pathway for all Pathway for all communication communication between CPU and between CPU and componentscomponents
Four common Four common architecturesarchitectures ISAISA PCIPCI AGPAGP USB USB
encyclozine.com/Computer/Hardware/bus.gifencyclozine.com/Computer/Hardware/bus.gif
Bus ArchitecturesBus Architectures
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) Older, but still foundOlder, but still found
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) Very popularVery popular Small white slotsSmall white slots Used for Sound, modem, and Network Used for Sound, modem, and Network
Interface CardsInterface Cards
Bus Architectures Cont.Bus Architectures Cont.
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) Reserved for Video CardReserved for Video Card Usually brown and same size as a PCI slotUsually brown and same size as a PCI slot Allows for intense multimedia graphicsAllows for intense multimedia graphics
• Streaming video and 3-D graphicsStreaming video and 3-D graphics
USB (Universal Serial Bus)USB (Universal Serial Bus) On most computers today, front or backOn most computers today, front or back Allows users to “hot-swap” devicesAllows users to “hot-swap” devices Used to connect Keyboards, mice, digital web Used to connect Keyboards, mice, digital web
cameras, joysticks, scanners, and printerscameras, joysticks, scanners, and printers
Power SupplyPower Supply
Converts AC input to lower DC voltagesConverts AC input to lower DC voltages 3.3 and 5 volts – digital circuits3.3 and 5 volts – digital circuits 12 volts – disk drives and fans12 volts – disk drives and fans
Turn power on with a push button, off from Turn power on with a push button, off from menu optionmenu option
Has a built in cooling fanHas a built in cooling fan Must be compatible with the MotherboardMust be compatible with the Motherboard Never open or try to repair a power supplyNever open or try to repair a power supply
Power SupplyPower Supply
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/power-supply.htmhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/power-supply.htm
Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit
The brains of the The brains of the computercomputer
2 Major 2 Major ManufacturersManufacturers Intel – Celeron, Intel – Celeron,
Pentium, Core 2 DuoPentium, Core 2 Duo AMD – Sempron, AMD – Sempron,
Athlon 64Athlon 64
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What Does the CPU DoWhat Does the CPU Do
1.1. ALU – Arithmetic/Logic UnitALU – Arithmetic/Logic Unit Performs mathematical operationsPerforms mathematical operations
2.2. Moves data from one memory location to Moves data from one memory location to anotheranother
3.3. Make decisions and jump to new set of Make decisions and jump to new set of instructions based on those decisions.instructions based on those decisions.
Parts of the CPUParts of the CPU Address bus that sends an Address bus that sends an
address to memory address to memory A data bus that can send A data bus that can send
data to memory or receive data to memory or receive data from memory data from memory
An RD (read) and WR (write) An RD (read) and WR (write) line to tell the memory line to tell the memory whether it wants to set or whether it wants to set or get the addressed location get the addressed location
A clock line that lets a clock A clock line that lets a clock pulse sequence the pulse sequence the processor processor
A reset line that resets the A reset line that resets the program counter to zero (or program counter to zero (or whatever) and restarts whatever) and restarts execution execution
When Buying ConsiderWhen Buying Consider
Clock SpeedClock Speed Measured in Clock Cycles per SecondMeasured in Clock Cycles per Second
FSB (Front Side Bus) SpeedFSB (Front Side Bus) Speed Speed at which they connect to the Speed at which they connect to the
motherboardmotherboard Socket TypeSocket Type
Intel – LGA 775 or Socket TIntel – LGA 775 or Socket T AMD – AM2AMD – AM2
64 Bit support, Dual Core, Cache Size64 Bit support, Dual Core, Cache Size
MemoryMemory
Any form of electronic storageAny form of electronic storage Types:Types:
RAM – Random Access MemoryRAM – Random Access Memory ROM – Read Only MemoryROM – Read Only Memory BIOS – Basic Input/Output SystemBIOS – Basic Input/Output System Cache – Data is stored within the CPU for very quick Cache – Data is stored within the CPU for very quick
accessaccess Virtual Storage – Temporary storage on hard drive to Virtual Storage – Temporary storage on hard drive to
hold RAM overflowhold RAM overflow Hard Drive – Permanent storage of dataHard Drive – Permanent storage of data
Hierarchy of MemoryHierarchy of Memory
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Memory ManagementMemory Management
CPU Cache RAM V. M. Disk Storage
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V. M. – Virtual Memory
RAMRAM
Adding RAM quickest and easiest way to Adding RAM quickest and easiest way to speed up your computerspeed up your computer
SomeTypes of RAMSomeTypes of RAM SIMMSIMM DIMMDIMM SODIMMSODIMM
SIMMSIMM
Single In-line Memory ModuleSingle In-line Memory Module Early versions – 30 pin, 3.5 by 0.75 Early versions – 30 pin, 3.5 by 0.75
inches, up to 8mbinches, up to 8mb Newer versions – 72 pin, 4.25 by 1 inch, Newer versions – 72 pin, 4.25 by 1 inch,
up to 256MBup to 256MB Need to be installed in pairsNeed to be installed in pairs
DIMMDIMM
Dual In-line Memory ModuleDual In-line Memory Module 168 or 184 pin, 5.25 by 1 inch168 or 184 pin, 5.25 by 1 inch 8MB to 1GB8MB to 1GB Can be installed singlyCan be installed singly
SODIMMSODIMM
For some notebook computers and Apple For some notebook computers and Apple IMacIMac
Other notebooks may use proprietory Other notebooks may use proprietory RAMRAM
144 or 200 pins, 2 by 1 inch144 or 200 pins, 2 by 1 inch 16MB to 1GB16MB to 1GB
How to Install RAMHow to Install RAM
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