curs2 subdomenii, cercetare
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Inteligen ArtificialCurs 2
Subdomenii ale IA cercetri curente
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Domenii ale IA
Reprezentarea cunotinelor
reele semantice
descriptive
evenimeniale
sisteme bazate pe logic
diverse tipuri de logici (predicaional, de ordinul I,descriptiv)
reele neuronale
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Domenii ale IA
Raionament
demonstrarea automat a teoremelor
reguli de producie (PROLOG, CLIPS)
webul semantic
raionament legat de timp i spaiu
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Domenii ale IA
Prelucrarea limbajului natural scris
proba suprem: nelegerea limbajului scris analiz la nivel morfologic, sintactic, semantic,
pragmatic, fenomene ale discursului, rezoluia anaforei
traducere automat
inferene textuale
generarea limbajului construirea de resurse: treebank-uri, corpusuri,
modele de limb, tezaure lexicale
lexicografie computaional, dicionare electronice
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Domenii ale IA
Prelucrarea limbajului natural scris
aplicaii complexe:
sisteme de traducere automat i asistat
sisteme de ntrebare-rspuns, de dialog
sisteme de rezumare a textelor
extragerea de informaii din texte
clasificare documentar
extragerea de ontologii
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Domenii ale IA
Prelucrarea vorbirii proba suprem: nelegerea vorbirii continue
(sisteme vorbire-text)
generarea vorbirii (sisteme text-vorbire)
generarea de voci emotive, adaptarea prozodiei la mesaj
nelegerea vocilor izolate, cu antrenarea pe vorbitor,indiferent de vorbitor
nelegerea vorbirii continue
nelegerea vocilor n medii cu zgomot, izolarea vocilor,urmrirea unui vorbitor ntr-un grup
aplicaii complexe
traducere convorbirilor telefonice n timp real
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Domenii ale IA Interpretarea imaginilor
proba suprem: descrierea coninutului imaginilor segmentarea imaginilor (descompunerea lor n pri
semnificative)
recunoaterea similaritilor dintre obiecte, mprireaobiectelor n clase
recunoaterea persoanelor
Aplicaii complexe: indexarea imaginilor (AI Google image)
generarea de descrieri textuale ale imaginilor
mpachetarea imaginilor (reducerea semnificativ adimensiunii fiierelor prin segmentare)
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Domenii ale IA
Interpretarea secvenelor de film
proba suprem: interpretarea vizual a realitii
segmentare (recunoaterea obiectelor dintr-o secven)
urmrirea obiectelor/personajelor n secvene de imagini(tracking)
aplicaii complexe:
generarea de descrieri textuale ale secvenelor de film
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Domenii ale IA
Robotica
proba suprem: crearea unui robot umanoid capabils interacioneze cu mediul similar omului
sisteme de articulaie
echilibru
for i sensibilitate
integrarea perceptorilor (vizuali, auditivi, olfactivi, tactili,
gustativi) cu actorii (minile, picioarele)
planificare
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Domenii ale IA
nvare
dezvoltarea de teorii i tehnici ale nvrii
supervizat, nesupervizat, semisupervizat etc.
nvare evolutiv
algoritmi genetici
metode inspirate din natur
metode de optimizare
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Exemple de aplicaii ale IA
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ICT 2010 event - Brussels Expo
September 2010http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/events/ict/2010/index_en.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/events/ict/2010/index_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/information_society/events/ict/2010/index_en.htm -
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The Brain Computer Interface
www.gtec.at
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Shadow: the right hand
www.shadowrobot.com
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Shadow
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CompanionAble: Integrated Cognitive
Assistive & Domotic Companion Robotic
System for Ability & Security
www.companionable.net
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Helping to recover from locomotion
disorders
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Spatial Sound and Vision
www.20203dmedia.eu
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3D TV
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CARE: Safe Private Homes for Elderly
Persons
www.care-aal.eu
http://www.care-aal.eu/http://www.care-aal.eu/http://www.care-aal.eu/http://www.care-aal.eu/ -
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CARE: Safe Private Homes for Elderly
Persons
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Ambient intelligence
Pervasive computing
Ubiquitous computing
As opposed to the desktop paradigm
Electronic environments sensible to human presence
All things around us think
Mainly ascribed to domestic environments:
- the house controls security, economy and leisure,continuously and imperceptibly: lighting, personal biometry,
etc.- refrigerators are "aware" of their tagged contents: plan a
variety of menus from the food actually on hand, and warnusers of stale or emptied food
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Intelligent objects around us:
dimensions and forms Smart dust: miniaturized devices, e.g., Micro Electro-
Mechanical Systems (MEMS), ranging in size from nanometrethrough micrometers to millimetre (see also SF: The Invincible,Stanislaw Lem, 1964): mainly sensors: scattered around a building security, monitor
temperature or earthquake in the military: track the enemys movements accelerator sensors glued on fingernails: sculpture in the air,
virtual keyboard, conducting orchestras, etc.
energy: sun light but also taken from animals or plants (OLED) see project SmartDust:
http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/ (1999)
VECTOR: Robotics and microtechnology for next generation capsuleendoscopes: WWW.vector-project.com (2010)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invinciblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invinciblehttp://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/http://www.vector-project.com/http://www.vector-project.com/http://www.vector-project.com/http://www.vector-project.com/http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invinciblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems -
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Intelligent objects around us:
dimensions and forms
Skin: fabrics based upon light emitting and conductivepolymers, organic computer devices, can be formedinto more flexible non-planar display surfaces andproducts such as clothes and curtains, see OLED
display. MEMS device can also be painted onto varioussurfaces so that a variety of physical world structurescan act as networked surfaces of MEMS.
Clay: ensembles of MEMS can be formed into arbitrary
three dimensional shapes as artefacts resembling manydifferent kinds of physical object (see also Tangibleinterface).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangible_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangible_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangible_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangible_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED_displayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLED_display -
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Tangible User Interfaces
Invitation to visit Tangible Media Group
http://tangible.media.mit.edu/projects.phplead by prof.Hiroshi Ishii
"tangible bits" giving physical form to digital information Recompose a system for manipulation of an actuated surface. Focal Space Kinect camera and sound sensors explore how
expanding a system's understanding of spatially calibrated depthand audio alongside a live video stream can generate semantically
rich three-dimensional pixels containing information regardingtheir material properties and location.
Topobo the world's first construction toy with kinetic memory,the ability to record and playback physical motion.
http://tangible.media.mit.edu/projects.phpleadhttp://tangible.media.mit.edu/person.php?recid=1http://tangible.media.mit.edu/person.php?recid=1http://tangible.media.mit.edu/projects.phplead -
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Internet of Things
Web of Things
Goals:
to instrument and interconnect all things
make the intelligence of things act for us
See info at: IPs for Smart Objects Alliance: http://ipso-
alliance.org/
http://www.webofthings.com/
Things That Think Consortiumhttp://ttt.media.mit.edu/
http://ipso-alliance.org/http://ipso-alliance.org/http://www.webofthings.com/http://ttt.media.mit.edu/http://ttt.media.mit.edu/http://www.webofthings.com/http://ipso-alliance.org/http://ipso-alliance.org/http://ipso-alliance.org/ -
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Internet of Things
Web of Things
How to:
Interconnect?
Through Web services, which now are:
good for static use-cases
not flexible enough to build rapidly prototypes of lightweight ad-
hoc applications such as mashups
Use IPv6: scaling up the space of IP addresses over the web
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IPv6
Use 128 bits for an IP (Internet Protocol),
instead of 32 in IPv4 in large use now
2128 addresses, i.e. approximately 51028 (roughly
295) addresses for each of the roughly 6.8 billion(6.8109) people alive in 2010
See:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 http://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6http://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/http://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 -
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Mashups
A web page or application which uses a mixture of contentor elements. Examples: an application built from routines from multiple sources
a Web site that combines content and/or scripts from multiple
sources Types:
Data mashups: combine similar types of media andinformation from multiple sources into a single representation
Consumer mashups: combines different data types. Generally
visual elements and data from multiple sources. (e.g.:Wikipediavision combines Google Map and a Wikipedia API)
Business mashups: define applications that combine theirown resources, application and data, with other external webservices
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipediavisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipediavisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipediavision -
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Exploring affectivity
Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Recognition & Synthesis of Human Affect
Affect-Sensitive Applications
Methodological Issues in Affective Computing Affective & Social Robotics
Affective & Behavioral Interfaces
Affective Agents
Relevant Insights from Psychology
Affective Databases, Evaluation, & Annotation Tools
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Aplicaii
Intelligent Computing in Bioinformatics
Intelligent Computing in Neuroinformatics & Cheminformatics
Intelligent Computing in Computational Biology and Drug Design
Intelligent Computing in Signal Processing
Intelligent Computing in Pattern Recognition
Intelligent Computing in Biometrics RecognitionIntelligent Computing in Image Processing
Intelligent Computing in Robotics
Intelligent Computing in Computer Vision
Intelligent Computing in Brain Imaging and Bio-medical Engineering
Intelligent Computing in Management
Intelligent Computing in Finance/Banking
Intelligent Computing in Communication Networks
Intelligent Computing in Petri Nets/Transportation SystemsIntelligent Computing in Social Networking
Intelligent Computing in Network Software/Hardware
Intelligent Control and Automation
Intelligent Image/Document Retrievals
Intelligent Data Fusion and Information Security
Intelligent Prediction & Time Series Analysis
Intelligent Agent and Web Applications
Intelligent Sensor NetworksIntelligent Fault Diagnosis
Knowledge Representation/Reasoning and Expert Systems
Virtual Reality and Human-Computer Interaction
Optical Networks/Processing
Business Intelligence and Multimedia Technology
Intelligent E-services/Smart Homes