department of information technology indian institute of information technology and management...

Department of Information Technology

Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior AASF hIQ 1st Nov ‘09


Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior

ComputatioComputational nal

IntelligenceIntelligence

Rahul Kala,



http://students.iiitm.ac.in/~ipg_200545/

[email protected],

[email protected]



IntelligenceIntelligenceIntelligence means intellect, understanding. Intellect is a faculty or reasoning, knowledge, and thinking (Source, Oxford Dictionary)

Intelligence is the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world. Varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people, many animals and some machines. (Source, McCarthy, J. 2007, What is artificial intelligence? www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html)

Artificial Intelligence: the art of making computers that behave like the ones in movies

-Bill Bulko



Expert SystemsExpert SystemsExpert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provide

expertise, similar to that of experts in a restricted application area. (Source, Kasabov, Nikola K. 1998, Foundations of Neural Networks,

Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Engineering, MIT Press).



Machine LearningMachine Learning

Forming RulesKnowledge

from dataReproducibilityGeneralization

Machine learning refers to the methods are computer methods for accumulating, changing, and updating knowledge in an AI computer

system. (Source: Kasabov, Nikola K. 1998, Foundations of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Engineering, 2nd Edition,

MIT Press)



ApplicationsApplications



Soft ComputingSoft Computing



Artificial Neural NetworkArtificial Neural Network

Motivation from Human Brain

Functional Predictors

ClassifiersTraining and

Testing Data

The neural network, by its simulating a biological neural network, is a novel computer architecture and a novel algorithmization architecture relative to conventional

computers. It allows using very simple computational operations (additions, multiplication and fundamental logic elements) to solve complex, mathematically ill-

defined problems, nonlinear problems or stochastic problems. (Source: Graupe, Daniel, 2007, Principles of Artificial Neural Networks, 2nd Edition, World Scientific).



Fuzzy Inference SystemsFuzzy Inference Systems

Derived from Aristotle’s Boolean Logic

Degree of certainty

Rule Based Approach

Fuzzy Inference Systems are systems formulating the mapping from a given input to an output using fuzzy logic (Source, MATLAB

Guide).



Evolutionary AlgorithmsEvolutionary Algorithms

Motivation from Natural Evolution process

Darwin's Survival of the Fittest

Optimizing Agents

Evolutionary Algorithms are algorithms that maintain a population of structures that evolve according to the rules of selection and other

operators, such as recombination and mutation. Each individual in the population is evaluated, receiving a measure of its fitness in the

environment (Source, Spears, William M. 2000, Evolutionary Algorithms, Springer)



Nature and Biological Nature and Biological inspirationinspiration



Recognition SystemsRecognition Systems

PreprocessingInput Feature Extraction

Pattern Matching Output

Historical Database

ConstraintsDimensionalityProcessing PowerData Set Size



BiometricsBiometrics



BiometricsBiometrics

Length of left eye

Width of left eye

Length of right eye

Width of right eye

Centre point of right eye

Centre point of left eye

Distance between centre points of eyes

Width of mouth

Distance between centre points of eyes and mouthLength of

mouth

Centre point of mouth



RoboticsRoboticsHumanoidAssistiveSwarm BehaviorMedical

RehabilitationSpaceUAVsNano

Operations



Growing AreasGrowing Areas



Into the FutureInto the Future





Thank YouThank You

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