developing products from moringa

FOOD PRODUCTS from

MALUNGGAY

(Moringa oleifera)*

ARLENE I. DE ASIS. Bicol Integrated Agricultural Research Center

Department of Agriculture-RFU 5

* Technology generated from an on-going DA-BAR funded project entitled

“Development, On-Farm Demonstration, and Piloting of Promising Value-

Adding Technologies for Export Potential and Banner Commodities of

Bicol”

Other Names of Moringa oleifera:

• Malunggay (Philippines)

• Benzolive tree (Haiti)

• Horseradish tree (Florida)

• Nebeday (Senegal)

• Drumstick tree (India)

Source: The Moringa Tree by Martin L. Price

Why Moringa?

Malunggay leaf powder Food fortificant

Functional drinks

Food supplement

Medicine

Animal feed ingredient

Agribusiness potentials:

All purpose-oil from Malunggay seeds

( just like your precious olive oil)

•Edible oil

•Medicine

•Cosmetics, perfume, massage

•Lubricants

•Industrial oil

•Biofuel ( crops for food vs. fuel )


Malunggay cake (“sapal”)

•Biofertilizer

•Animal feed ingredient

•Water treatment


Cooking, cosmetic,

medicinal & industrial

uses Moringa parts and their Uses

Oil

Meal

Coagulants

Kernels

Extracted

Meal

Animal Feed

Water Purification

-Human consumption

-Medicinal uses

Growth Factors

Animal

Feed Fuel

Shells

Seeds Pods Roots Bark Leaves Twigs Stems

Dyes,

tannins

Medicinal

uses

Source: The Potential of Moringa oleifera for Agricultural and Industrial

Uses by Foidl, Makkar and Becker, 2001

Nutritional Value of Leaves and Pods

Pods

Leaves

(Fresh)

Leaf

Powder

Moisture (%) 86.9 75.0 7.5

Calories 26 92 205

Protein (g) 2.5 6.7 27.1

Fat (g) 0.1 1.7 2.3

Carbohydrate (g) 3.7 13.4 38.2

Fiber (g) 4.8 0.9 19.2

Minerals (g) 2.0 2.3 -

Ca (mg) 30 440 2,003

Mg (mg) 24 24 368

P (mg) 110 70 204

K (mg) 259 259 1,324

Cu (mg) 3.1 1.1 0.57

Source: Moringa oleifera: Natural Nutrition for the Tropics by Lowell Fuglie

Cont. . .

Pods

Leaves

(Fresh)

Leaf

Powder

Fe (mg) 5.3 7 28.2

S (mg) 5.3 7 28.2

Oxalic acid (mg) 10 101 1.6%

Vitamin A – B carotene (mg) 0.11 6.8 16.3

Vitamin B –choline (mg) 423 423 -

Vitamin B1 – thiamin (mg) 0.05 0.21 2.64

Vitamin B2 – riboflavin (mg) 0.07 0.05 20.5

Vitamin B3 – nicotinic acid (mg) 0.2 0.8 8.2

Vitamin C – ascorbic acid (mg) 120 220 17.3

Vitamin E – tocopherol acetate (mg) - - 113

Arginine (g/16g N) 3.6 6.0 1.33%

Histidine (g/16g N) 1.1 2.1 0.61%


Cont…

Pods

Leaves

(Fresh)

Leaf

Powder

Lysine (g/16g N) 1.5 4.3 1.32%

Tryptrophan (g/16g N) 0.8 1.9 0.43%

Phenylanaline (g/16g N) 4.3 6.4 1.39%

Methionine (g/16g N) 1.4 2.0 0.35%

Threonine (g/16g N) 3.9 4.9 1.19%

Leucine (g/16g N) 6.5 9.3 1.95%

Isoleucine (g/16g N) 4.4 6.3 0.83%

Valine (g/16g N) 5.4 7.1 1.06%


Gram-for-gram comparison of nutritional data1

2 times the Protein of Yogurt

3 times the Potassium of

Bananas

4 times the Calcium of Milk

4 times the Vitamin A of

Carrots

7 times the Vitamin C of

Oranges

Source: www.TFL.Journal.org

FRESH MALUNGGAY

LEAVES

2 times the Iron of Spinach

DRIED MALUNGGAY

LEAVES

9 times the Protein of Yogurt

15 times the Potassium of

Bananas

17 times the Calcium of Milk

10 times the Vitamin A of

Carrots

0.5 times the Vitamin C of

Oranges

25 times the Iron of Spinach

http://www.t/

• Calcium (Ca)

– Bones and teeth

– Heart and muscle action

– Reduce high blood pressure

– Speeds healing process

• Phosphorous (P)

– Bones and teeth

– Nerve function

• Potassium

– Muscle contraction

– Acid-alkaline balance

– Promotes hormone secretion

– Detoxification of blood by kidney

• Iron (Fe)

– Hemoglobin content of blood

– Production of enzymes

– Growth, energy production and immune

system protection

• Thiamine (Vit. B1)

– Protects and help heart, muscles, brain,

growth, nervous system, peristalsis, red

blood count and circulation

• Choline

– Prevents:

• gallstone formation

• high blood pressure

• Atherosclerosis

• Kidney damage

• Nephritis

• Glaucoma

• Liver problems

• Magnesium (Mg)

– Energy production

– Protein formation

– Cellular replication

• Vitamin C

– Involved in all vital functions of the body

HEALTH BENEFITS FROM

MORINGA

• Gives a feeling of wellness and

promotes non-sugar based body

energy;

• Increases natural body defense and

stimulates metabolism;

Source: Miraculous Moringa Tea Leaves by Tania T (www.steadyhealth.com)


MORINGA

• Stimulates the cell structure of the

body;

• Rich in Vitamin A, provides

nourishment to the eyes and brain;

• Balances level of cholesterol


• Balances level of sugar;

• Rich in anti-oxidants, beautifies the

skin;

• Improves functioning of kidney and

liver;


MORINGA


• Promotes healthy digestion;

• Promotes body’s immune system;

• Promotes circulatory system and

controls blood pressure;


MORINGA


• Promotes anti-inflammatory

features, heals arthritis pains;

• Heals tumors and ulcers;

• Balances hormones and gland

system;



MORINGA

• Detoxify body from poisons;

• Helps relax and promotes good

night sleep; and,

• Purifies water



MORINGA

Backyard Pharmacy: The cure is just around the corner

Leaves: Headaches

Bleeding from a shallow cut/wounds

Insect bites

Bacterial or fungal skin complaints

Gastric ulcers and diarrhea

Malnutrition

Breastfeeding

(SOURCE: Moringa oleifera A multi-purpose tree produced by HRDA –the organic

organization, United Kingdom 2002)


Flowers Breast feeding

Urinary problems

Malnutrition

Pods Worm, liver and spleen problems

Joint pains

(SOURCE: Moringa oleifera A multi-purpose tree produced by HRDA –the organic

organization, United Kingdom 2002)


Seeds (mixed with coconut oil or seed oil)

Arthritis

Rheumatism

Gout

Cramps

STD

Urinary problems

Epilepsy

Boils

(SOURCE: Moringa oleifera A multi-purpose tree produced by HRDA –the

organic organization, United Kingdom 2002)

New/Improved Products

From Moringa oleifera (BIARC, DA-5)

1. Dried Leaves/Tea

2. Moringa Powder

3. Moringa Polvoron

4. Moringa Cookies

5. Moringa Surprise

Products for Presentation:

MORINGA TEA

Ingredient: 15 kilos fresh malunggay leaves

DRIED MORINGA LEAVES (Tea)

1. Separate the

leaves from the

stalk

2. Oven-dry or sun

dry the leaves

until crisp

3. Cool

Procedure:

Preparation Drying

3hrs@55oC

Dried Leaves Packaged Product Harvesting

Processing/Drying of Moringa Leaves (Tea):

MORINGA TEA

15 kg. fresh leaves = 2 kg. dried tea leaves

SRP = P 600.00 per kilo

(40% profit margin)

4. Pack in tea bags

5. Store

The dried leaves can be crushed or pounded

using a pulverizer or mortar and pestle and

filtered to remove leaf stems.

The powder is then added to: soups and sauces

breads

biscuits

burgers

hotdogs

tea bags and other functional drinks

instant noodles

(SOURCE: Moringa oleifera A multi-purpose tree produced by HRDA –the

organic organization, United Kingdom 2002)

MORINGA POWDER

Ingredient: 2 kilos dried malunggay leaves

MORINGA POWDER Procedure:

1. Pound/pulverize dried malunggay leaves (using

mortar and pestle or pulverizer) until powdery

MORINGA POWDER Procedure:

4. Store

3. Pack and seal

2. Filter and

remove stems

2 kg. dried leaves = 1.6 kg. powder

SRP = P 800.00 per kilo

= P 40.00-50.00 per 100 grams

MORINGA POWDER

•soups

and

sauces

• breads

• biscuits

• burgers

• hotdogs

•instant

noodles

• tea

bags and

other

functiona

l drinks

Ingredients:

1 kg. flour

½ kg sugar

2 bars fresh butter

½ kg. skimmed milk

½ cup moringa powder

MORINGA POLVORON

Procedure:

MORINGA POLVORON

2. Add sugar, melted

butter, skimmed

milk and moringa

powder

3. Mix well 1.Toast flour until

golden brown

MORINGA POLVORON

5. Wrap & Store 4. Mold

MORINGA POLVORON

1 kg. flour = 28 packs (10 pcs./pack)

SRP = P 30.00 per pack

= P 3.00 per piece

MORINGA COOKIES

Ingredients:

1 kg. flour

2 bars fresh butter

1 can evaporated milk (big)

½ kg. sugar

4 pcs. eggs

2 tbsp. baking powder

½ cup moringa powder

MORINGA COOKIES Ingredients:

Procedure:

MORINGA COOKIES

2. Add milk and flour

mixture. Cream

well

1. Cream butter until soft.

Add sugar alternately

with the eggs.

Procedure:

MORINGA COOKIES

3. Drop spoonfuls of batter

into greased cookie

sheets

4. Bake at 400°F for 15

minutes

MORINGA COOKIES

1 kg. flour = 28 packs (10 pcs/pack)

SRP = P 20.00 per pack

MORINGA SURPRISE

Ingredients:

1 bar white chocolate

1 can condensed milk

¼ cup moringa powder

Procedure:

1. Combine condensed milk and moringa powder and mix well.

MORINGA SURPRISE

2. Cook over moderate heat until thick. Set aside.

Procedure:

3. Melt the white chocolate in a double boiler.

MORINGA SURPRISE

4. Mould and refrigerate for 5 minutes.

5. Unmould. Wrap and pack.

MORINGA SURPRISE

¼ cup powder = 60 pcs.

SRP = P 10.00 per piece

WHAT’S NEXT?

• Establishing the nutrient contents of each

product (Nutritional Facts);

• Shelf-life trials;

• Enhancing product packaging and

presentation;

• BFAD certification/registration;

• Domestic and export marketing trials

• Technology promotion and

commercialization

DIOS MABALOS!

How to Purify Water With Moringa

Seeds

• Allow seed pods to dry naturally on the

tree before harvesting;

• Remove seed husks, leaving a whitish

kernel;

• Crush the kernels to a powder with a

mortar;

• Mix the mixture with a small quantity of

clean water in a small cup;

• Pour the mixture through a tea strainer or sieve into a cup. Its best to cover the strainer with a piece of clean cloth;

• Add the resulting milky fluid to the water you wish to purify;

• Stir quickly for 30 seconds, then slowly and regularly for five minutes;

• Cover the water and do not disturb it for at least an hour;

• The clean water may be siphoned or poured off the top of the container.


Seeds

• 50 – 100 mg of ground seeds treats 1li. of

water, depending on how clear the water

is.

• One can try experimenting with amount of

seeds and stirring times to find what works

for the kind of water you will purify.

• The seed cake left over after extracting oil

can still be used for water purification.

•


Seeds

MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

LOW TECHNOLOGY

• Suitable for households to small

community water supplies.

• Production of biocompost/ bio-fertilizer

from sludge produced after treatment

Source: Suleyman Aremu Muyibi

LOW TECHNOLOGY

SEED PROCESSING

REMOVE DRY SEED FROM

PODS AND SHELL

(DEHAULING PROCESS)

GRIND SEED TO A VERY FINE POWDER

PACK POWDER IN A PLASTIC BAG AND

SEAL TO KEEP IT AIRTIGHT

STORE IN A

DRY PLACE UNTIL NEEDED


MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED PROCESSING

TECHNIQUES

MEDIUM TECHNOLOGY

• SUITABLE FOR MEDIUM TO LARGE

COMMUNITIES

• USEFUL BY PRODUCTS FROM

PROCESSING e.g. edible oil, activated

carbon from husk and seed shell, bio-

fertilizer / biocompost from sludge after

treatment, etc.


MEDIUM TECHNOLOGY

SEED PROCESSING

DEHAUL DRY SEEDS

EXTRACT OIL FROM POWDER USING COLD PRESS,

ORGANIC SOLVENTS, STEAM ETC

DRY POWDER (residue) TO REMOVE ALL TRACES OF SOLVENT OR MOISTURE

PACK POWDER IN A PLASTIC BAG AND SEAL TO KEEP IT AIRTIGHT

STORE IN A DRY PLACE UNTIL WHEN NEEDED

Process Oil For use

Convert seed Husk, pods etc To Activated

Carbon, fuel for Steam production etc


MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

HIGH TECHNOLOGY SEED PROCESSING • Suitable for medium to large scale applications.

• Have high shelf life

• Large scale production for export to other

countries.

• Efficient in the treatment of raw water with

diverse characteristics.

• Low dosage applications.

• Many useful byproducts e.g. oil, poultry and

livestock feed, bio-fertilizer etc. Source: Suleyman Aremu Muyibi

HIGH TECHNOLOGY

SEED PROCESSING

DEHUSK DRY SEEDS

EXTRACT OIL ENZYME ASSISTED/

SOLVENT/ COLD PRESS ETC.

EXTRACT BIO-FLOCCULANTS ION-EXCHANGE, ULTRAFILTRATION

CROSSFLOW MICROFILTRATION,

PACKAGING LIQUID FORM OR

SOLID( FREEZE DRYING, CENTRIFUGE & DRYING)


APPLICATION IN

WATER TREATMENT

• Household and Community Level water treatment units.

• Treatment Unit operations and processes.

• Manual of operation required for dosing, filter cleaning and maintenance etc.

• Use Moringa oleifera seed processed with low technology

COAGULATION-FLOCCULATION

COAGULANT DOSING

FILTRATION SLOW SAND FILTERS

STORAGE AND

DISTRIBUTION FOR USE

SLUDGE MIXED WITH AGRO-WASTE

BIOCOMPOST


APPLICATION IN

WATER TREATMENT

LARGE SCALE

• Application areas:

– Existing conventional water treatment plants with

slight modifications.

– New water treatment plants.

– Use processed Moringa seed from medium

technology or high technology.

– Provide manual of operation for dosing, filter

maintenance etc.

APPLICATION IN LARGE SCALE

CONVENTIONAL WATER TREATMENT

• Existing Water Treatment Plants

COAGULATION RAPID MIXING

COAGULANT DOSING

FLOCCULATION SLOW MIXING

SEDIMENTATION

FILTRATION (RAPID SAND)

DISINFECTION, STORAGE DISTRIBUTION

SLUDGE TREATMENT Convert To

Bio-Compost Soil Conditioner etc.

APPLICATION IN LARGE SCALE

CONVENTIONAL

WATER TREATMENT

• Application in new water treatment plants.

– Requires design and operation modification


APPLICATION IN NEW LARGE SCALE WATER

TREATMENT

• OPTION A: RAPID SAND FILTERS Coagulant Dosing

COAGULATION

FLOCCULATION

DIRECT FILTRATION Rapid sand Filters

DISINFECTION STORAGE

DISTRIBUTION

SLUDGE TREATMENT Bio-compost

Soil conditioner


APPLICATION IN NEW LARGE SCALE WATER

TREATMENT

• OPTION B: SLOW SAND FILTERS

COAGULATION

Coagulant Dosing

DIRECT FILTRATION SLOW SAND FILTER

DISINFECTION STORAGE

DISTRIBUTION

Filter Cleaning

Sand replacement

Sludge disposal

Biocompost,

soil conditioner


Cultural Management

• grows best in hot, semi-arid tropics

• drought tolerant

• grows with rainfalls of 250-1,500 mm per year

• tolerates light frost in sub-tropics

• good temperature range is 25-350C

• prefers well drained sandy loam or loam soil,

can tolerate clay soil, but not grow well in water-

logged soil,

• prefers neutral to slightly acidic soil.

• It tolerates a wide range of pH (5-9), grows

well in alkaline conditions up to a pH of 9.

• It is a fast growing tree, in a year it can reach up

to 4 m (15 ft).

• Regular pruning is advised to form a shrub for

easier harvesting.

• Breaking off tender tips to cook when trees are

about 1.3m tall will make the trees more bushier

Propagation. . .

Malunggay can be propagated by:

seeds

cuttings

Seeds . . .

how ?

mature seeds should be soaked in water for 1 day.

plant seeds 1 cm. deep and 2 cm. apart

water lightly daily, seeds should germinate within 1-2

weeks.

seeds can be planted in polybags in the nursery or

directly in the field.

Transplanting . .

seedlings are ready for transplanting when they reaches

60 to 90 cm tall.

Cuttings . . .

• cuttings should be taken from healthy and

woody branches of the tree.

• 45 cm to 1.5 m long and 10 cm thick.

• cuttings are cured for 3 days in a shady area,

then planted in the nursery or directly in the

field.

how ?

Transplanting . . .

roots are allowed to develop first before it is

planted out after 2 to 3 months.

• when planted in the nursery, plant 1/3 of the

cutting’s length directly into a polybag containing

3 parts soil and 2 parts sand.

• soil should be moist but not over-watered

developing products from moringa

Government & Nonprofit