discussion reaction turbine

8/18/2019 DISCUSSION Reaction Turbine

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DISCUSSION

The purpose of the experiment was to study the characteristics curves of a reaction

turbine. Turbine are generay used in hydroeectric power pants to generate power from

reservoir of water! steam and gas. The theory of scheme is it deveops tor"ue by reacting

to the pressure or weight of fuid and the operation of reaction turbines is described by

Newton#s third aw of motion which the action and reaction are e"ua and opposite. The

graphs obtained were compared with standard graph that expained the exact curves of

efficiency $%&! 'ower $(att&! 'ressure and Tor"ue vs Speed.

Figure 1: Turbine Curve


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Figure 2: )eaction Turbine Curve

Figure 3: Tor"ue $Ncm& against Speed $*+min&

The fow rate was started by set the reguator vave with the owest vaue which is

,---rpm ± -- rpm. /fter the fow rate is stabe! resut is started to record. 0y referring

1igure ,! it shows that the tor"ue $Ncm& against Speed $*+min& is decreasing. Tor"ue is

resuted from the force vector and dispacement vector at which the tor"ue is measured to

the point the force is appied. The increase and decrease pattern of graph showed the

force appied is unstabe. /t speed $*+min& 2-- ! the graph is vigorousy fuctuating as

the reguatory vave is cosed "uic3y. The speed $*+min& is dropped from -,4.55 to

**2.,, and it gives high different about 5*6.245 $*+min&. The optimum difference must

be ± 2--rpm to shows the stabiity of the rotation ob7ect in the axis. /t tor"ue -.28*56

$Ncm& the speed is dropped from **2.,, $*+min& to 259.6*4* $*+min& and it gives

95.4*86 $*+min& in difference.


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Figure 4: :ectrica 'ower against Speed

0ased on figure 4! :ectrica power $(att& against Speed $*+min& at ,---rpm ;

-- rpm is obtained. It shows that when the speed is decreasing from ,*4-.92 $*+min& to

,-86.*- $*+min& the :ectrica 'ower is aso decreasing. The power is reated to the the

speed and tor"ue as when the speed decrease! the tor"ue aso decrease and effected to the

power to be dropped. The consistent of - (att from ,-55.,86 $*+min& describe there is no

eectric generate. The ascending pattern is being seen at speed ,-92.6*5 $*+min& as it

gives the highest eectrica power at -.,*2 $watt&. 0y comparing to the standard

reaction curve! the ascending and descending curve obtained from :ectrica 'ower is

reevant as when the speed in increased! the power wi aso increase and when it hits to

the optimum eve the power wi be decreased.

Figure 5: :fficiency $*--%& against Speed $*+min&


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Other than that! 1igure 2 showed the efficiency is -.*5*8-9 % at speed 6-,.-

$*+min& and this gives the highest efficiency. :fficiency is reated to the power of

hydrauic over power of eectrica mutipe by *--.

=η *-- x P

P

el

hyd =η


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1rom the graph obtained! it can concuded the efficiency at ,---rpm ; -- rpm is

reevant compare with the actua curve as mention is 1igure * and .


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Figure 7: :ectrica 'ower against Speed at fowrate 4---rpm ; --rpm

Figure 8: :fficiency against Speed at fowrate 4---rpm ; --rpm


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The comparison of 1igure 8 and 1igure * is made to chec3 the difference and

simiarity between both graph. / simiar curve of eectrica power from the experiment

with the standard curve is obtained from speed - to ,2-- $*+min&. It showed the

consistency of the performance is achieved during this time. /s water moves over the

runner the shaft rotates and turns the generator thus producing eectricity.


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/t fowrate 2---rpm ; --rpm the tor"ue $Ncm& against Speed $*+min& based on

1igure 6 has no much difference with 1igure * and . The simiarity showed that force

and dispacement vector are at the idea vaue. eanwhie! the

efficiency showed in 1igure ** is achieved the standard curve.

Figure 10: :ectrica 'ower against Speed at fowrate 2---rpm ; --rpm

Figure 11: :fficiency against Speed at fowrate 2---rpm ; --rpm


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Other than that! the owest vaue for Tor"ue and highest vaue for both :ectrica

'ower and :fficiency from each different vaue of (ater 1owrate! n $,---rpm! 4---rpm

? 2---rpm& were obtained as in 1igure *. The owest tor"ue is seen at water fowrate

2---rpm as the tor"ue is -. $Ncm&. This is because the reaction turbine is depends on

the speed. (hen there is higher speed! the tor"ue wi be ower as ow of force and

dispacement vector. There are cosed simiarity of tor"ue at water fowrate 4--- and

,--- rpm. This is due to the error during water fowrate 4---rpm. The tor"ue shoud be

ess than -.-,2 $Ncm&.

Figure 12: @owest vaue for Tor"ue against three different (ater 1owrate

1urthermore the highest vaue for both :ectrica 'ower and :fficiency against three

different (ater 1owrate! $,---rpm! 4---rpm ? 2---rpm& is obtained at 1igure *, and

*4. The highest vaue 1or :ectrica 'ower is ,--(att at water fowrate 2---rpm. This is

because when there are high water moves! it gives high fowrate then wi generate more

eectricity. Thus! the higher the water fowrate! the higher the eectrica power to generate

eectricity.


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Figure 13: The highest vaue for :ectrica 'ower against three different water

fowrate

0esides! the highest efficiency from three different water fowrate is obtained at

1igure *4. It is showed that the highest efficiency is at water fowrate 2---rpm. This is

because the 'ressure of


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There were few possibe errors were the students are not contro the reguatory

vave consistenty as it effected speed. The computer window is too od as it cannot

capture the resut immediatey.

In a nutshe! the water fowrate affect the tor"ue! eectrica power and efficiency.

(hen there are higher water fowrate! a the variabe wi have more efficient than ow

water fowrate. The more efficient the process! eectricity produce wi be higher and

constant.


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CONC@USION /ND ):CO>>:ND/TION

In concusion! the ob7ectives of the experiment was to study the characteristic of curves

of a reaction turbine. Tweve graph were obtained from this experiment to compare the

standard turbine curves with the experiment curve. The graphs are incuded to"ue!

eectrica power! efficiency against speed in different water fow rate. Other than that!

graph of the owest vaue of tor"ue against three different fowrate! the highest vaue of

eectrica power and efficiency against water fowrate are obtained. 0ased on the resuts

obtained ! it can deduce that high water fowrate gives the highest efficiency to generate

eectricity. This is because when water fowrate is higher! the efficiency is aso higher.

Therefore! it can concude that efficiency is affected by the tor"ue! pressure! speed and

water fowrate. Overa! it can deduce that the highest water fowrate generate more

power from water.

There was recommendation to overcome the possibe errors. 1irsty! student must contro

the reguatory vave correcty to avoid more or ess water fowrate produce. Secondy!

student need to wait for the reading to stabe before record the resut from the computer.

Thirdy! the experiment need to do for three or four times above to get the best resut.

1inay! student need to be patient when handing the vave as it can be oose and tight

without contro. Thus! the idea expected resuts coud be achieved.

discussion reaction turbine

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