distillation column piping

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSISDISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSISDISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSISDISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

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SEMINARSEMINAR

ONON

DISTILATION COLUMN DISTILATION COLUMN DISTILATION COLUMN DISTILATION COLUMN DISTILATION COLUMN DISTILATION COLUMN DISTILATION COLUMN DISTILATION COLUMN

PIPING & STRESS PIPING & STRESS PIPING & STRESS PIPING & STRESS PIPING & STRESS PIPING & STRESS PIPING & STRESS PIPING & STRESS

ANALYSISANALYSISANALYSISANALYSISANALYSISANALYSISANALYSISANALYSIS

PREPARED BYPREPARED BY

AMEYA P. KASTUREAMEYA P. KASTURE

Piping Stress GroupPiping Stress Group

Mott MacDonald Consultants India Ltd, Mott MacDonald Consultants India Ltd,

AndheriAndheri -- ((WW))


LET US DISCUSS ….

� Distillation Process

� Significance.

� Distillation Column Means To :-

1) Process Department

2) Mechanical Department

3) Piping Department

� Types Of Distillation Columns

1) Absorption & Stripping

2) Fractionation

� Distillation Column Piping Study.


PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM


DISTILLATION

� The Distillation is a Process of The Distillation is a Process of The Distillation is a Process of The Distillation is a Process of seperationseperationseperationseperation of of of of

constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate

Recovery of Recovery of Recovery of Recovery of VapourVapourVapourVapour Residue.Residue.Residue.Residue.

� Various Kinds of devices Called Plates or Trays Various Kinds of devices Called Plates or Trays Various Kinds of devices Called Plates or Trays Various Kinds of devices Called Plates or Trays

are used to bring the two phases in intimate are used to bring the two phases in intimate are used to bring the two phases in intimate are used to bring the two phases in intimate

contact. The trays are stacked one above other contact. The trays are stacked one above other contact. The trays are stacked one above other contact. The trays are stacked one above other

& enclosed in a Cylindrical Shell To Form An & enclosed in a Cylindrical Shell To Form An & enclosed in a Cylindrical Shell To Form An & enclosed in a Cylindrical Shell To Form An

Equipment what we call as Equipment what we call as Equipment what we call as Equipment what we call as

“Distillation Column Distillation Column Distillation Column Distillation Column ”


TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION

PROCESS

� FEED : FEED : FEED : FEED :

• Feed is a Material which is to be separated into Feed is a Material which is to be separated into Feed is a Material which is to be separated into Feed is a Material which is to be separated into

fractions.fractions.fractions.fractions.

• It is Introduced at One or more Points Along the It is Introduced at One or more Points Along the It is Introduced at One or more Points Along the It is Introduced at One or more Points Along the

Column ShellColumn ShellColumn ShellColumn Shell

• Due to Difference on the Gravity between Due to Difference on the Gravity between Due to Difference on the Gravity between Due to Difference on the Gravity between

Liquid Phase & Vapor Phases, the Liquid Runs Liquid Phase & Vapor Phases, the Liquid Runs Liquid Phase & Vapor Phases, the Liquid Runs Liquid Phase & Vapor Phases, the Liquid Runs

Down the column Cascading From tray to Tray Down the column Cascading From tray to Tray Down the column Cascading From tray to Tray Down the column Cascading From tray to Tray

while the while the while the while the vapourvapourvapourvapour goes up the Column, goes up the Column, goes up the Column, goes up the Column,

Contacting the Liquid at each tray.Contacting the Liquid at each tray.Contacting the Liquid at each tray.Contacting the Liquid at each tray.



PROCESS� ABSORPTION & ABSORPTION & ABSORPTION & ABSORPTION &

STRIPPINGSTRIPPINGSTRIPPINGSTRIPPING

• Many operations in Many operations in Many operations in Many operations in

Petrochemical Plants require Petrochemical Plants require Petrochemical Plants require Petrochemical Plants require

the Absorption of component the Absorption of component the Absorption of component the Absorption of component

of gas streams into lean oils or of gas streams into lean oils or of gas streams into lean oils or of gas streams into lean oils or

Solvent.Solvent.Solvent.Solvent.

• The resultant rich oil is then The resultant rich oil is then The resultant rich oil is then The resultant rich oil is then

stripped or Denuded of the stripped or Denuded of the stripped or Denuded of the stripped or Denuded of the

Absorbed Materials. The Absorbed Materials. The Absorbed Materials. The Absorbed Materials. The

Greatest use of this operation Greatest use of this operation Greatest use of this operation Greatest use of this operation

utilizes Hydro carbon utilizes Hydro carbon utilizes Hydro carbon utilizes Hydro carbon

materials but the Principles materials but the Principles materials but the Principles materials but the Principles

are applicable to other systems are applicable to other systems are applicable to other systems are applicable to other systems

provided adequate equilibrium provided adequate equilibrium provided adequate equilibrium provided adequate equilibrium

data is available.data is available.data is available.data is available.



PROCESS� FRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATION

• Fractionation Column is a Fractionation Column is a Fractionation Column is a Fractionation Column is a

type of still.type of still.type of still.type of still.

• Crude oil is a typical feed for Crude oil is a typical feed for Crude oil is a typical feed for Crude oil is a typical feed for

such a Fractionation column such a Fractionation column such a Fractionation column such a Fractionation column

& from it, the column can & from it, the column can & from it, the column can & from it, the column can

form simultaneously several form simultaneously several form simultaneously several form simultaneously several

distillates such as Wax distillates such as Wax distillates such as Wax distillates such as Wax

distillate, Gas oil, Heating distillate, Gas oil, Heating distillate, Gas oil, Heating distillate, Gas oil, Heating

oil, oil, oil, oil, NaphtaNaphtaNaphtaNaphta, & Fuel gas., & Fuel gas., & Fuel gas., & Fuel gas.



PROCESS� FRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATION• The feed is heated in the The feed is heated in the The feed is heated in the The feed is heated in the

furnace before it enters furnace before it enters furnace before it enters furnace before it enters the Column .the Column .the Column .the Column .

• As the feed enters in the As the feed enters in the As the feed enters in the As the feed enters in the Column, quantities of Column, quantities of Column, quantities of Column, quantities of vapourvapourvapourvapour are given off by are given off by are given off by are given off by flashing due to release of flashing due to release of flashing due to release of flashing due to release of ofofofof pressure of the feed.pressure of the feed.pressure of the feed.pressure of the feed.

• As the As the As the As the vapourvapourvapourvapour rise up rise up rise up rise up the column, they come in the column, they come in the column, they come in the column, they come in intimate contact with intimate contact with intimate contact with intimate contact with down flowing Liquid.down flowing Liquid.down flowing Liquid.down flowing Liquid.



PROCESS� FRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATION

• During this contact, some of During this contact, some of During this contact, some of During this contact, some of

the higher the higher the higher the higher componetscomponetscomponetscomponets of the of the of the of the

vapourvapourvapourvapour are condensed & some are condensed & some are condensed & some are condensed & some

of the higher of the higher of the higher of the higher componetscomponetscomponetscomponets of the of the of the of the

down flowing liquids are down flowing liquids are down flowing liquids are down flowing liquids are

vaporisedvaporisedvaporisedvaporised....

• This process is termed as This process is termed as This process is termed as This process is termed as

REFLUXINGREFLUXINGREFLUXINGREFLUXING



PROCESS

� REBOILER

• The The The The reboilerreboilerreboilerreboiler can be thought of as a pot can be thought of as a pot can be thought of as a pot can be thought of as a pot

sitting on Heating surface of a Stove topsitting on Heating surface of a Stove topsitting on Heating surface of a Stove topsitting on Heating surface of a Stove top

• In order to create & sustain two phases In order to create & sustain two phases In order to create & sustain two phases In order to create & sustain two phases

Needed for the separation, Heat Needed for the separation, Heat Needed for the separation, Heat Needed for the separation, Heat

exchanger must be regulated to the exchanger must be regulated to the exchanger must be regulated to the exchanger must be regulated to the

Column.Column.Column.Column.



PROCESS

� REBOILER

• The The The The ReboilerReboilerReboilerReboiler is a large heat transfer is a large heat transfer is a large heat transfer is a large heat transfer unit that is Generally located unit that is Generally located unit that is Generally located unit that is Generally located outside of the column shell of the outside of the column shell of the outside of the column shell of the outside of the column shell of the distillation column.distillation column.distillation column.distillation column.


DISTILLATION COLUMN INTERNALS

• Column internals are based Column internals are based Column internals are based Column internals are based

on the internal details i.e.on the internal details i.e.on the internal details i.e.on the internal details i.e.

1)1)1)1) Plate Type.Plate Type.Plate Type.Plate Type.

In Plate type the lighter In Plate type the lighter In Plate type the lighter In Plate type the lighter

hydrocarbons hydrocarbons hydrocarbons hydrocarbons vapourisevapourisevapourisevapourise & & & &

flow up through the holes flow up through the holes flow up through the holes flow up through the holes

in the tray type making in the tray type making in the tray type making in the tray type making

the the the the

1)1)1)1) Packed Column.Packed Column.Packed Column.Packed Column.


INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR PIPING



A TYPICAL CROSS SECTTION OF A PIPE RACK A TYPICAL CROSS SECTTION OF A PIPE RACK A TYPICAL CROSS SECTTION OF A PIPE RACK A TYPICAL CROSS SECTTION OF A PIPE RACK

RUNNING THROUGH THE TOWER OF A RUNNING THROUGH THE TOWER OF A RUNNING THROUGH THE TOWER OF A RUNNING THROUGH THE TOWER OF A

REFINARY PLANTREFINARY PLANTREFINARY PLANTREFINARY PLANT



A TYPICAL PLAN OF EQUIPMENTS LOCATED IN THE A TYPICAL PLAN OF EQUIPMENTS LOCATED IN THE A TYPICAL PLAN OF EQUIPMENTS LOCATED IN THE A TYPICAL PLAN OF EQUIPMENTS LOCATED IN THE

REFINARY TYPE OF PLANTS HIGHLIGHTING REFINARY TYPE OF PLANTS HIGHLIGHTING REFINARY TYPE OF PLANTS HIGHLIGHTING REFINARY TYPE OF PLANTS HIGHLIGHTING

MAINTENANCE ACCESSMAINTENANCE ACCESSMAINTENANCE ACCESSMAINTENANCE ACCESS


GENERAL PIPING ARRANGEMENT OF

COLUMN PIPING

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF COLUMN PIPINGGENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF COLUMN PIPINGGENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF COLUMN PIPINGGENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF COLUMN PIPING


SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

All the available information/ data from equipment All the available information/ data from equipment All the available information/ data from equipment All the available information/ data from equipment

specification & P&I D will be written on the specification & P&I D will be written on the specification & P&I D will be written on the specification & P&I D will be written on the

elevation view of the columnelevation view of the columnelevation view of the columnelevation view of the column



STEP STEP STEP STEP ––––

IX TO IX TO IX TO IX TO



OTHER LAYOUT OTHER LAYOUT OTHER LAYOUT OTHER LAYOUT

CONSIDERATIONS :CONSIDERATIONS :CONSIDERATIONS :CONSIDERATIONS :----Tall Column (Here after called Tall Column (Here after called Tall Column (Here after called Tall Column (Here after called ““““

TOWERS TOWERS TOWERS TOWERS ””””) requires large ) requires large ) requires large ) requires large

Transportation access through the Transportation access through the Transportation access through the Transportation access through the

Unit facilities for lifting after Unit facilities for lifting after Unit facilities for lifting after Unit facilities for lifting after

adjacent structures are Erected.adjacent structures are Erected.adjacent structures are Erected.adjacent structures are Erected.

Check the foundation clearance when Check the foundation clearance when Check the foundation clearance when Check the foundation clearance when

locating the towers adjacent to locating the towers adjacent to locating the towers adjacent to locating the towers adjacent to

structures & between towers.structures & between towers.structures & between towers.structures & between towers.

If additional supports are required for If additional supports are required for If additional supports are required for If additional supports are required for

the overhead the overhead the overhead the overhead vapourvapourvapourvapour lines, consider lines, consider lines, consider lines, consider

extending the structure column to extending the structure column to extending the structure column to extending the structure column to

assist.assist.assist.assist.


SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING

STUDY

OTHER LAYOUT OTHER LAYOUT OTHER LAYOUT OTHER LAYOUT

CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS ::::----

•Where possible link the Platforms & Where possible link the Platforms & Where possible link the Platforms & Where possible link the Platforms &

ladders to adjacent structure, Providing the ladders to adjacent structure, Providing the ladders to adjacent structure, Providing the ladders to adjacent structure, Providing the

additional access & escape Routes.additional access & escape Routes.additional access & escape Routes.additional access & escape Routes.

Check with stress section for Piping Check with stress section for Piping Check with stress section for Piping Check with stress section for Piping

Flexibility & Flexibility & Flexibility & Flexibility & ReboilerReboilerReboilerReboiler supports.supports.supports.supports.

• Also check the Pump NPSH Also check the Pump NPSH Also check the Pump NPSH Also check the Pump NPSH

Requirement while going for the Bottom Requirement while going for the Bottom Requirement while going for the Bottom Requirement while going for the Bottom

pump Pipingpump Pipingpump Pipingpump Piping


NOZZLE ORIENTATION COLUMN

PIPING STUDY


ACCESS & MAINTENANCE FACILITY


PLATFORM & LADERS


PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS IN

DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.


PICTURES


CONCLUSION.

�Distillation Column is very Distillation Column is very Distillation Column is very Distillation Column is very

important from Refinery point important from Refinery point important from Refinery point important from Refinery point

of view.of view.of view.of view.

�It helps to distillate the It helps to distillate the It helps to distillate the It helps to distillate the

Petroleum Products from Crude Petroleum Products from Crude Petroleum Products from Crude Petroleum Products from Crude

oil.oil.oil.oil.

�Thank You .Thank You .Thank You .Thank You .

distillation column piping

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