DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 248 837 IR 011 286

AUTHOR Feasley, Charles E., Comp.TITLE Distance Education: Collected ERIC Abstracts.PUB DATE Feb 84NOTE 81p.; Print is marginally legible.PUB TYPE Reference Materials - Bibliographies (131)

EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.DESCRIPTORS Abstracts; Annotated Bibliographies; *Correspondence

Study; Databases; *Delivery Systems; *DistanceEducation; Information Sources; InstructionalMaterials; *Open Universities; *Program Descriptions;*Teaching Methods

IDENTIFIERS *ERIC

ABSTRACTThis collection of 219 ERIC "ED" (non-journal)

abstracts was compiled through systematic, free-text computersearches of "all related" ERIC documents, which were conducted forthe preparation of a 1983 research report entitled "Serving Learnersat a Distance." The ERIC identifiers "distance education" (now adescriptor) and "distance teaching" were used, as well as suchdescriptors as "correspondence study" and "open universities."Citations are listed in approximate numerical order and extend fromED. 003 638 through ED 230 359. The records describe reports onprograms at distance teaching institutions, on distance education ingeneral, and such specific topics as the implications of openlearning for independent study, evaluation of distance education,using teleconferencing in postsecondary organizations, using massmedia for learning, and counseling the distance learner.(Author/LMM)

************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made *

* from the original document. *

***********************************************************************

411

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER IERICI

ot, This document has been reproduced usreceived from He person or organizationoriginating itMinor chanties have been made to improvereproduction quality

Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official NIE .

position Or policy

DISTANCE EDUCATION:

COLLECTED ERIC ABSTRACTS

Compiled by Chafles E. FeasleyIN

Stillwater, Oklahoma: 1984

-PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

Charles E. Feasley

TO lt-TE'EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES

INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."

PREFACE

Through a network of 16 clearinghouses, the Educational ResourcesInformation Center (U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C.

20208) publishes (1) a monthly index and compilation of abstracts of

journal articles (Current Index to Journals in Education, with EJnumbers) and (2) a monthly volume of abstracts and index onnon-journal documents including many unpublished items (Resources inEducation, with ED numbers). Prior to the preparation of my researchreport, Serving Learners at a Distance, for the ERIC Clearinghouse on

Higher Education $'3) was supplied with a computer printout of "all

related" ERIC abstracts. Some Independent Study Division members of theNational University Continuing Education Association in the U.S. havesuggested that this information be shared with others. That is the

purpose of this working document.

It has been confirmed with the ERIC staff that there is no problem in

making multiple copies of the abstracts. While distance education anddistance teaching are .identifier terms that can be used in free-text

computer searches or the printed ERIC indexes, computer searches which

rely on descriptors only must use terms such as correspondence study and

open universities. Thus, a collection of 219 different ERIC "ED"abstracts on distance education has been compiled through systematic and

random searches. These are contained on one-sided pages in a rough

numerical order. Some of the abstracts are of historical value rather

than practical application.

The assistance of Glennys Payne, Jeff Hall, and Jill Holmes of Oklahoma

State University is greatly appreciated.

Charles E. Feasley February 1984 Stillwater, Oklahoma

E0003638 56TELEVISION JUNIOR COLLEGE IN OREGON. PRELIMINARY REPORT 1.AELMAN, ALFRED R.Oreuun State System of Higher Education, Monmouth. Teaching

Researcn Div.25AFRG2 102F.Report No.: NDEA-VIIA-107-1EORS PRICE MF-S0.76 HC-55.70 PLUS POSTAGETHE BROAD STRUCTURE OF'STUDI.ES IN THE USE OF EDUCATIONAL

TELEvISION FOR MEETING THE GROWING NEEDS OF JUNIOR COLLEGEPROGRAMS IN THE STATE OF OREGON WAS DESCRIBED. THE TELEVISIONCOURSE OUTLINE WAS DESCRIBED AND REASONS GIVEN FOR STUDENTENROLLMENT IN THE COLLEGE OF THE AIR PROGRAM. AN INDEPENDENTPROGRA'.1 OF HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH INSTPUCTIONAL TELEVISIONWAS CONSIDERED NOT FEASIBLE. HOWEVER, COURsg 1NTEGRAT1oN OFTHE IELLVISION__ SERIES INTO EXISTING EVENING EXTENSIONOPERATIONS APPEARED TO BE A SOLUTION. FUTURE AREAS OF STUDYWERE'INCLUDED. REPORTS ON THIS STUDY ARE ED 003 637 THROUGH ED003 640. lL1C)

Descriptors: Educational Needs/ Educational Television/Evening'Programs/ Extension Education/ Higher Education/*Junior Colleges/ Mass Media/ Television/ TelevisionCurriculun/ Television kesearch/ Television Surveys

Identifiers: COLLEGE OF THE AIR/ CORVALLIS/ EUGENE/ MONMOUTH/ OREGON/ PORTLAND

ED003637 56TELEVISION JUNIOR COLLEGE IN OREGON, 1959-53. FINAL REPORT.MORRIS, JAMES M.Oregon State System of.Higner Education, Monmouth. TeachingResearch Div.01MAYO4 30P.Repot No.: NDEA-VIIA-107EDRS.PRICE MF-S0.76 qC-S1.95 PLUS POSTAGE

.EMPHASIS OF THIS TELECOURSE PROJECT WAS DIRECTED TOWARD ANEKAINATIDN OF THE FEASIBILITY OF TELEVISED INSTRUCTION TOMEET EDUCATIONAL NEEDS AT THE JUNIOR COLLEGE LEVEL, EVIDENCEWAS SOUGHT ON THE NEED FOR INSTRUCTIONAL TELEVISION AT THENONRESIDEVT, COLLEGE-CREDIT LEVEL (ESPECIALLY FOR RECENT HIGHSCHOOL GRADUATES NOT ABLE TO ENROLL ON A COLLEGE CAMPUS). THISREPORT, ON THE COLLEGE OF THE AIR. (1) PRESENTED THEPROLEDURES EMPLOYED. (2) LISTED THE FACULTY. PRODUCTION STAFF,AND COURSE OFFERINGS OF THE PROJECT, (3) DESCRIBED THEPRO',10TIONAL METHODS AND RESEARCH PROCEDURES, AND (4) LISTEDTHE RESEARCH EXPENDITURES, PROBLEMS OF RESISTANCE TO ETV WEREGENERALLY DISCUSSED AND CONCLUDED TO BE RICH IN STUDYPOTENTIAL. REPORTS ON THIS STUDY ARE ED 003 637 THROUGH ED 003640. (JC)Descriptors: Educational Needs/ Educational Television/Extension Education/ Higher Eoucation/ High School Graduates/ju.lior colleges/ Mass Meoie/ Television/ T6levisionCuricoluli/ Teicvi5ion ReseanchIcoritifiehs: COLLEGE OF THE AIR/ CORVALLIS/ Ei;GENE/ MONOUTH/ OREGON/ PORTLAND

1

4rED 016 924 AC 002 005EVE ta..1 ,JACK C.CoNTIM1\l, EDUCATION INSTRUCTIONVIA 1111. '.1 ASS MEDIA SAVER PRESENTEDAT THE NAT IONLI. S1 IINA11 ON ADULT

CATIti% RESEARCH a HICAGO, FEB 11-13,19614ILLINOIS UNIV ,LIRBANAPUB DATE 68ELMS PRICE M140.25 HC-S0.52 UP.

DESCRIPTORS ADULT EDUCATIONPROGRAMS. EDUCATIONAL METHODS,MASF MEDIA, M EDIA RESEARCH. COMMERCIAL TELEVISION. COMMUNITY PRO-GRAMS, COURSE CONTENT. EDUCATION-AL TELEVISION. FEEDBACK, FINANCIALSUPPORT, GENERAL EDUCATION, GROUPINSTRUCTION, HIGHER EDUCATION, IN-DIVIDUAL INSTRUCTION. INFORMATIONDISSEMINATION, LISTENING GROUPS,MOTIVATION, NETWORKS. PERTICIPANTINVOLV'ENT, PROFESSIONAL CONTINUING EDUCATION, PROGRAM COSTS,PUBLICATIONS, QUALITY CONTROL,RADIO, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, TELEV-ISED INSTRUCTION, TESTS.

BETWEEN JANUARY 1962 AND JULY1967, 1G4 INSTITUTIONS IN 44 STATES OF-FERED, VIA MASS MEDIA, 1,244 CONTINUING EDUCATION COURSES TO 1,685,058PERSONS TELEVISION WAS THE MOSTWIDELY USED MEDIUM. WITH MOST GEN-

ERAL SUBJECTS AIRED OVER COMMER-CIAL STATIONS. WHEN DIALOGUE BE-TWEEN PARTICIPANT AND INSTRUCTORWAS NEEDED, THE TWO-WAY RADIO CON-FERENCE WAS USED. OF THE PRINTEDMEDIA. MAGAZINES INVOLVED THELARGEST GROUP OF PARTICIPANTS.TEACHING METHODS VARIED INDIVI-DUAL METHODS DOMINATED TELEVI-,SION COURSES, MOST RADIO COURSESUSED GROUP METHODS, AND NEWSPA-PERS, MAGAZINES, AND DIRECT MAILWERE USED IN SOME GROUPSTRUTURED EFFORTS GROUP INSTRUCTIONWAS BEST ACCOMPLISHED WITHIN AN ES-TAB.'..ISHED ORGANIZATION WHICH INCORPORATED THE COURSE INTO ITSPROGRAM COMMUNITIES SUSTAINED OR-GANIZED TELEVISION EDUCATION ONLYWHEN CONSISTENT AND EXTENSIVE RE-SOURCES WERE ALLOCATED, AS IN THEST. LOUIS METROPLEX ASSEMBLY. THEDOMINANT PURPOSE FOR CONTINUINGEDUCATION VIA MASS MEDIA WAS THEACQUISITION OF INFORMATION, PART-ICULARLY THROUGH GENERAL EDUCA-TION COURSES OFFERED BY UNIVERSIT-IES. PARTICIPANTS FAVORED PROFES-SIONAL OR VOCATIONAL-CENTEREDCOURSES PROFESSIONAL HEALTHSCIENCE WAS ENGROSSED IN SKILL-OR-IENTED COURSES, WHILE VOLUNTEERGROUPS WERE INTERESTED IN THE. AP-PLICATION OF KNoWLEDGE (THISPAPER. BASED ON THE A UTHOP.'S UNPUBLISHED PH D THESIS (UNIVERSITY OF IL-LINOIS, 19681. WAS PRESENTED AT THENATIONAL SEMINAR ON ADULT EDUCA-TION RESEARCH, CHICAGO, FEBRUARY12.196h1A.11

/1) 031 631 AC 004 692,..,ssrrh. Robert Blie. t. Saud) a Correspondence Course.Istaisa:husetts State Board of Education, Boston.rt.t hate Feb 67

- ::rgrAC Prise MI-SO.2S HCSI.20Earvreg-tors Adult Learning. Correspondence

>ri.ss Memorizing. Reading Slolls, StudentI atuation, 'Study Guides. 'Study Habits,1 esiisg

b4 guide to cor,es;.ondence study presentsssur shoe.' for good studs habits and techniques,

to- me:mations Discussion of hos adultstree: es folios ed by information on necessary...cenent memorization reading improvement,beg 11 the study guide. submitting lessons, and11-.--- of lessons The sectisr on final examinaex-, in:ludes discussion of preparation and %m-e Pi ease and objective type eaaminationsirr

ED 016 925 AC 002 006DONEHOWER,GRACEVARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH CORRE-SPONDENCE STUDY. A STUDY TO TESTTWELVE HYPOTHESES.NEVADA UNIV., RENO, CORRESPOND-

ENCE DIV.11.11 DATE JAN 6FElliS PRICE M$0.25 HC$1.20 28P

DESCRIPTORS "CORP. ES1SSN DENCESTUDY. 'DISTANCE. 'PARTICIPANTCHARACTERISTICS, 'UNIVERSITY EX-TENSION, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT,AGE DIFFERENCES, DROPOUT RATES,EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND, MOTIVAT-ION. NEVADA, PERSISTENCE, RESEARCH.SEX DIFFERENCES, STATISTICAL DATA,UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA,

THE PURPOSE OF THIS 1963.65 UNIVER-SITY OF NEVADA STUDY WAS TO DETER-MINE IF RELATIONSHIPS EXISTED BE-TWEEN THE DEGREE OF SUCCESS IN COL-LEGE LEVEL COURSES AND SUCH CORRE-SPONDENCE STUDENT VARIABLES ASAGE, SEX, ACHIEVEMENT, COMPLETION,WITHDRAWAL, REASON FOR ENROLLING,DISTANCE FROM THE CORRESPONDENCECENTER, PREVIOUS EDUCATION, ANDTHE TIME ELAPSED BETWEEN ENROLL,-MENT AND THE SUBMISSION OF THEFIRST ASSIGNMENT. THE SUBJECTS. 410MALE AND 495 FEMALE STUDENTS RANG-ING IN AGE FROM 16 TO 72 BUT WITH OVERHALF AGED 29 OR UNDER, CAME LARGE-LY FROM NEVADA. SIGNIFICANT RELA-TIONSHIPS WERE FOUND BETWEEN COM-PLETION RATES AND THE VARIABLES OFTIME LAPSE BEFORE SUBMISSION OFTHE FIRST LESSON, DISTANCE FROM THECENTER, PREVIOUS EDUCATION, ANDTHE REASON FOR ENROLLING, AND BE-TWEEN THE TIME REQUIRED FORCOURSE COMPLETION AND THE REASONFOR ENROLLING, BUT NOT BETWEENCOMPLETION TIME AND DISTANCE ORBETWEEN ACHIEVEMENT ANDTHE VARI-

ABLES OF AGE, SEX, AND COURSE COM-PLETION TIME. FINDINGS SUGGEST ANEED TO ENCOURAGE PROMPT SUBMIS-SION OF LESSONS. GIVE SPECIAL GUI-DANCE AND MORAL SUPPORT TO YOUN-GER. LESS EXPERIENCED STUDENTS ANDTO MALE STUDENTS. AND REVIEW PRO-CEDURES REGARDING THE RATE OF SUBMUTING LESSONS AND THE MINIMUMTIME ALLOWED FOR COURSE COMPLET-ION, AS WELL AS TO CONDUCT FURTHERRESEARCH AND IMPROVE INFORMATIONDISSEMINATION. (THE DOCUMENT IN-CLUDES FIVE REFERENCES AND SEVENTABLES.(LY)1...D 031 632 AC 004 693Is efoorth, Robert B.Sly. to Teach a Correspondence Course.

It. Us State Board of Education, Boston.

Pvt. Date May 69Anti 44p

MC Price MgS0.25 HC-52.30DecrmtorsCorrespondence Courses, Student

CLaractenstics, 'Student Evaluation, Student

Sesrds, Student Teacher Relationship,1ea:hing Guides, 'Teaching TechniquesA Leaching guide for correspondence teachers

es te huSellS public school system pro-lacs information on available tools (teachingworm:al. textbooks, study guides, and office sup'Lac), on scheduling, grading, end keepinget.osts or characteristics of the correspondenceatssent, and on teaching techniques and comma-itior ith the student The appendix includesmay- pk tools ss ith comments. messages, blank1. -yes. and sainple teaching comments (eb)

ID 031 633 AC 004 694Robert B

itsatheol fur Authors of Correspondence CourseSebes Guides.awchutctts State Board of Education. Boston

P.' Date Jun 68N.:r - 'sag . Res iced from Nesember 1965Ares Prise Mt 40.25 HC-52.801,es r, tors Csrewndence Courses

Sx.i) Guides Testl,00ks, "sk litIns

as at aid for rrospecose aLthsrs ofsi..ides for correspondent e stud). this hand-

s., -+ ros ides information about the sorresponss.t.e student distinctse characteristics of COrtxs-*.rsden:e courses selection of terthooks. the

..:sv!e of the stud) guide. tips for efTcctive:,s- and preparation of examinations The tip-,' .

a ED 047 163 AA 000 656Matluevnn. David E.Correspondence Study; A SumMars Resits of the

Research and Detelupment Literature.Syracuse Unis.. N.Y. ERIC Clearinghouse on

Adult Education.Pub Date Mar 71Note-108p.EDRS Price SIFS0.65 HC-36.58Descriptors A ccreditaVon (Institutions),

Achietement. Adult Education, AnnotatedBibliographies, Attendance, Audios isual Aids.Correspondence Study, Educational Methods.

Educational Philosophy, Military Personnel.Program Design, Programed Instruction,' Research. Secondary Education, StudentCharacteristics. University ExtensionBeginning with a historical rote% of private

correspondence schools. supers ised high schooltesti programs, military programs (notable theUnited States Armed Forces Institute). and activi-ties by such unisersity extension luminaries as

illiam Raines Harper and W. H Licht), thisliterature rotes covers accreditation andlicensing problems, general characteristics of students, educational methods and course design,patterns of student achiesement and completion,and innosations in correspondence methodology.Limitations affecting the effectise use of cor-respondence study are assessed, along with theinstructor role, steps in planning course contentand materials. and the structuring of assignmentsand instructor response (feedback) Expectedtrends in the use of programed instruction, broad-cast media, films and other audiovisual resources,small groups, special degree programs, and ar-rangements for course credits and dceressthrough examinations, are also suggested An-notated chapter bibliographies contain 160references. (LY)

ED 031 637 AC 004 860Glatter, Ronald Subramanizn. S.Study by Correspondence; An Enquiry Into Cor-

respondence Study for Examinations forDegrees and Other Advanced Qualifications.Carried Out Under the Direction of ProfessorE.G. %Well.

Manchester Univ. (England). Dept of Adult Edu-cation.

Pub Date 69Note-392p.; Three volumesEDRS Price MF41.30 HC Not Asallable from

EDRS.DescriptorsAdult Dropouts, Bibliographies,

Comparative Education, 'Correspondence Stu-dy, 'Degrees (Titles), 'Educational Cer-tificates, Enrollment, 'Longitudinal Studies,Motivation, Participant Satisfaction. Per-formance, Persistence, Statistical Data. StudentCharacteristics, Student Problems. 'Surveys.Units of Study (Subject Fields)

IdentifiersEurope. 'Great BritainThis study centered on the extent of adult cor-

respondence study in Great Britain. student objectives, and reasons for success or failure instudy for the General Certificate of Education,higher degrees, and other adsanced qualifies-Sons Enrollment questionnaires from I 3.3S-1 stu-dents, and 2,090 responses to a retrospective suryes, were used These sere among the conclusons (1) most students are from highly ur-banized areas. (2) job adsancement is the chiefmouse, (3) the correspondence method tends tohe freely chosen over other available methods.(4) attrition. highest in the earl) stages of acourse, usually stems from general difficulties ofpart-time study, ($1 ora! tuitiOr is more success-ful Ulan the correspondence method in maintaining student interest and Incentive (Also includedare a Isbliographs. research re-sic', statistica' ap-pendixes. notes on queStiortnaire isoing i:nd onenrollment records a 1,00: slugs c: prepsdtionof students for ar cousir exaSats,r- andsu,e,1 of ,orrecronArr.r.e es.:11,4:.. I r seer.roprar courtrles J [No: I had;op)because of marginal legibility of original document )

Jioia, Joseph. The News a er: A Vehicle for Deliver of ePalos Hills, Ill.: Moraine Valley Community College,

Co

1974lle .

Courses.

8p. ED 088 538.

During, the fall semester cif 1973 Moraine Valley CommunityCollege offered a course in post-Civil War U. S. historythrough a local newspaper. One instructional unit waspresented each week. for 13 weeks in the newspaper, and thefinal exam was offered on campus. Weekly units includedbehavioral objectives, historical interpretation, self-tests, and bibliographies. Evaluation questionnaires revealedthat 63 percent of-those who finished the course were women,over 50 percent of whom were over 30 years old. Over halfindicated that an important reason for taking the course wastheir inability to attend classes on campus .

) E0041214 AC008168

Peters. OttoNew PerspectiveS in Correspondence Study in Europe.

19p.% Paper submitted to the 8th conference of the

international Council on Correspondence Education, Paris, May

1969EGRS Price MF-$0.76 HC-$1.58 PLUS POSTAGE

t4,?w developments and the future of correspondence teaching

and correspondence education in Europe are discussed in this

document. A questionnaire was used to gather information about

cnanges which nave taken place or future changes envisaged by

correspondence school managers. It revealed that important

oevelopments included tne introduction of correspondence study

methods into the universities and colleges of the East

Europeah.cpwateies1 and increased use of innovative teaching

methods- programed instruction, computers, experiments with

TV, radio, and integrated discussion goudS. Uncertainty pas

expressed regarding the future of correspondence instruction

oecause of Interest off 1019._firmA___znd American ,corporations,

and tne trend towaiTcentralization and concentration. For

tne future the, writer foresaw accredited and efficient

correspondence scnools cooperating in many ways with

.universities and colleges, mlniStrieS Of education and other

state institutions, broadcasting corporations, and educational

sciences. The cooperation would take many organizational forms

tnat would Cross Interstate and national boundanies. Projects

wou:d make use of latest tecnnologioal Ceveloo-lents in their

resoeCt,ve dIscip!Ines and tne work would be guided b/

theories of distance and mass instruction. (PTi

E0112766 HE006767Implications of Open Learning for Independent Study.Wedemeyer. Charles A.15 May 75 27p.; Paper presented at the ICCE Conference(10th, Brighton, United Kingdom. May 15, 1915)EDRS Price MF-S0.76 119-51.95 Plus PostageOpen learning is the.act or process of acouiring kinowledgeor atskill that is accessible and available. not confined orconcealed, and that implies a continuum of access andopportunity. All open schools have one thing in common: theyare to a greater or lesser extent efforts to expand thefreedoms of learners. The trend towards open forms of learningcannot be separated from the, extraordinary efforts in ourtimes to create, if not a new America or a new humanity. atleast better situations out of which an improved humancondition may 'evolve. 'But the open learning trend is alsorelated to a number of other phenomenasocial. economic.Political. technological, demographic. and educational. whichhas important imolications for standard. conventionaleducation, as well as for independent study. The implicationsseem to tie significant in seven areas: mission; operations:Stuu:-ht body: academic, curriculum. instruction, learning andreward system: access: diffusion and communications systems:and institutional support. The open learning trend is thechild of independent study. It affects its parents insignificant ways. This child. in fact. may ain the acceptanceso long denied to its parents. fAuthor/KElDescriptors: Adult Education/ Correspondence Study/*Educational Alternatives/ Educational Innovation/ EducationalObjectives/ Independent Study/ *(pen EduCAtion/ 'PostSecondary Education

Identifiers: *Open Learning

E0111444 JC750462A Followup Report on tne Attitudes and Preferences of Those

Students Enrolled in the Televised.Cou:,se,e, I

ChildnoiPsynhologY.at Wauponsee Community College, Sugar Grovllis.

Frazer, Gary W.Wauoonsee Community Coll., Sugar Grove, Ill.May 75 44p.EDR5 Price MF-S0.76 HC-SI.95 Pius PostageOne manifestation of the concept of individualized Linstruction nas been the rediscovery of televiitudession as

tauseful

andtool. In order to identify student attoward atelevised cnild psychology.course and assess the quality

rigorousness of the course, a questionnaire was developed and

administered to students who watched theualcourse

vi

atewed

hometohe

n

caole television and to those wohe college Learning Resource

individlycourse at tneir own pace in th

Center. Students seemed to favor the flexioility of the

televi.-ed programs in the liorary to the structured viewing

approach over cable television. Dv'', half of those whoresponded indicated that the amount Of work required was aboutthe same as tnat of other courses, but the delree of pressurewas perceived as about the same or less. Almost 75 percent ofthose using only the liorery indicated that they learned thesame of less than in other courses, while 65 percent of Caoleusers indicated that they learned tre same or more: this isPerhaps due to a difference between the perception of thefull-time student. Failure to complete the course seer',ed lesS ,

attributable to course aifficulty than to other. outsideressrs on the studert. Recommendations are made. and the

miPestiuonenaire is appended. along witn 16 tables of thefindings. (NHM)Descrintors: *Caple TelevisiOn/ Child Psychology/ *Closed

Circuit Television/ College Curriculum/ Course Evaluation/Educatioial A!ternatives/ Educat.onal Television/ Individuali-_zed Instruction/ Junior Colleges/ Partcinant Satisfaction/Duestionnaireb/ Student Attitudes/ Student Opinion/ Tables(Data)/ TelecoursesIdentifiers: wauponsee Community College

0p.

ED115309 1R002862Evaluation of Distance Education.Dahllof, Urban; WT1len, BirgittaOffice of 'the Chancellor of the Swedish Universities,

Stockholm.1975 10p.; Information on research arid development in

post-secondary educationEDRS Frice - MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.Larguacie: ENGLISHDccument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Journal Announcement: RIEAPR76Independent study or distance educatfon courses were

established in 1973 at fi%fe universities in Sweden. Evaluationthe project was planned to include: (1) a description of

the student popula.tiOn, (2) a study of the students' use ofand attitudes toward distance-bridging aids such asexaminations and methods of instruction, (3) a special studyof the students' geographical spread, (4) a study of theeffects of the admission rules, (5) analysis of dropouts, (6)interviews with the teachers, and (7) an analysis ofprospective student inquiries. Twelve additional S.'edishreports and three English reports are cited. (Author/05)

Descriptors: 'Adult Education; Correspondence Study; CourseEvaluation; Higher Education; Independent Study; ProgramEvaluation; Teaching Methods; Telephone Instruction

Identifiers: 'Distance Education; Sweden

ED114120 IR002757Two-Way Communication in Distance Education; an Evaluation

of Various Modes.Flinck. RuneLund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Education.1975 17p.; Pedagogical Bulletin. 1975-2EDRS Price - MF01/PC01 Plua Postage.Language: ENGLISHDocument Type: BOdk (010)Journal Announcement: RIEMAR76A three -year study of two-way communication in

correspondence education was conducted at the University ofLund in Sweden. Data were collected for three experimentalseries concerning: (1) the assignment for submission, (2)systematic telephone tutoring, (3) corespondence studycombined with group meetings. Series One was a study of thestructure of postal two-way communication; answers were sentto the school, corrected, and returned to the student. SeriesTwo investigated the possibility of reinforcing the postaltwo-way communication with the aid of telecommunication, sothe tutor systematically called the student after the ler,sonhad been corrected and returned. In an effort to avoid theisolation of home correspondence study, students in SeriesThree participated in group meetings. Final results from theproject will be p5.iblished at a later date. Twelve refe"encesare cited. (Author/DS)Descriptors: 'Adult Education: Corespondence Stdy: Dial

Highs.?Access Information Systems: .Feasihility Studies: HighEducation: Teaching Methods; Telephone Instruction, Tutoring: Use StudiesIdentifiers: Sweden

8

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jj,J .cseg. A W 'It. A. N.3 3% 339 c9 JR 003 122 Audk'IUkI Cmmunkition In th,Vnierslt. S;udtni 31ie t Open I hirsli BUhdCJiIIflt A*) A N T3,fait 3%, The Open I rslt%#pJd The ItIC

V.ilton, B1ICP41e). Buc(En;land).Siir i Iudntt Carrir4 Out aNviemhe£..,eItriv. to C4uneIue nd11teIU an tin 3 ifS t.Jnii'., 3971.

Inst of Educatlortdt TcchnnulI$y . -. Vi ilirin CJr) Bucki (Ennd- L ni Vi ttnn Hlctchlr% 33uc3.s (Enhind) Put' flair Sep 73 Inti of EdUCdtIOnaI ecbn&ci -I t FduciiiooI - otr2Op,Pper prrented at Pitais de Gongrea -Pub Date '3

14 ' API 3 (Liqe eIiUm September 21 2$ 19731... r-7Olp Opei Unlberr.n) JET Pai,n. oncJ* .Itti._J taiiduh' Open I.!nivrrsity.IET.l$ .. Btnadcastin; t'n 444 t'I f'rict U SO Jt HI SI 67 Phi' psI.tr LflKS rrice MT SO $3 HC SI 67 Plus Fottagr tii u so ' NC $11 7 PIUS P4 s-'pi( Ilqt Studrntt çni.nalnr flcicriptorsCoIlc;c Swdenta Ccirrcaptndrnce cIiplora.CoJk7c Studc,t Fdu tioflgt Pro(cunJns, 'Eductinnl Radio. 'Educe. Couragi, Costs, Delivery Systems. Educanrinal flems, EductinnI Radio, lducinnalclriisinn, Estrinal flLpce Prcipams, Sttatqies, 'Educat,onahTeleiision. 'Esternal 'Trliiion, 'Esternat Depire Plofrdms. I1iphe,4'clines, Hiçtier Education. Lcainirt,Dif Depcc Pingrema. Hthei Educatio!l. InstruC'

MultsmedssEducetwn, Multimedia )ristructlQn. Participant

(s. .Iies, 'Student Attitudet, Study Guides, tionsi Design, Medis Specialists. Sat,sftiort, Prr'ijldrntn$ 4Nro.dcast).

"'s 'Open LnisersitJn5t,CtiOfl, Spchei Ourstinnni,res 'Studcnt Opinion, Studrn Pa,Identiflers'Open Vfliversit ,, cipation 5wvcs 'rew (Data) lelevistonAl ttie Open UflR4'rtit) f Csrcat Britain cc, The Open Vniscrsit3 of Great Britain prod

50.000Surveys

Cleated by thc achriol's hCavy- hciine.hased instrUction IC' riesrb.,ptedt'IfliflCntt) nrLing Itudcns a hadcatts Id;'iliriers'Open I.'nisersily

The Open LnirrsIt) of Gieat Britain,.i. tin radio and leIaiiun b,.udcaw.. as a' . i' iñ'itlucttiiit Studenta hasc difficulty. and cnrrctpnndence Each unit of ,nsttuctiOti rcl,es

hcini11 cm hloadcesttn s' a ?imnde of instruction.'3 .;r.liriij thc hrnadcast sith lht rest of the ccmnsiss.t a combination of test, broadcasts. C$5' Bccavte inciresed cemu,se offerings hasc made -1' :, rnfnuiing the purpose of the broad. etIe recprdtn. assignments. arid espetiment program sct'eduling a problem and hCCCUSS1i fluie ing what to do a ith the results of kits The per tudtnt cost of this dcIiery systei1 production C('tts base riven sharply, a suivcs aes"4 i'i4ddia'lt. 1) cnccntriIting on the main is impiessiscl lcm. espccislI when the large ,ni conducted to determini Ihc e patterns at aw.

.3 points, and 5) concentrating lhrtgh the *lit apItat outlay is divided smng tarp numbcri dents art that the s stem', .rcsources could be st'.' lengthof the priigrum Counselors and tu. of students A professicmnut production staff is, located in the most efficient manner pn'sihlc.a' utd encourage students to read the broad ficcolSar) ins maintain these loss cotta For the iP'.cerly 33 001) at the schools 45 0(10 enrolleda.ites bcfore cacti program, to answe, a set student. brc,adcasters can ct as ntgaiiflt5, students seve surveyed h,) mail The response ..:::'=. ' ' ,.ii4tjf ipirstioni after each program, and to ynthesi?eft. pacen, ssud. guides, role models, rate was high, and the result, puisided data onthe essential pointy of the prugrim im. and recruilerl. P,ofartrs has been required ID I) atudeni viewing end IistCfling limc 7) attidehi-wlrls af,et the broadcast. (EMHI master a variety of media techniques. eIthrtug ratings of broadcasts, and 3) factiiri influencing%tm are assisted in their course production by the viewing and lis%ttang times 'These . resultsfacititated dicussinnspecialists trained in the propet rt,ising of rnul. a of the best allocation ofiinicdiw p'esenhalions (EMH) hroadcatt tinie. The teal provides a delaiteddiseuuion of the salve) deaitn and Isbulir sumSUi 119 66Ô 3k 003 123

4-.'i 4

"4$t,Wial and Cost Comparisons BrisseenO54rseIuiork, Cable and CusastLe Sstems ofWuI:,.1,dj.. Teaching.

ni . Vi elton, Bietchley, Bucks (England).n! F,ducjitionul 'Technology.

'..aIe73'.' )tJp , Pipei piesented at the Mediorama" the Drselorment of Industry arid Labour'£ Bianenhe,ge, Belgium. May J6lB,

Oper. Lnivcrsity, IET.16'L Pr MF.$O$3 HC.S2.06 Plus PostageBtuede.tt Indusi'>, Cable Televi'

'Cost Effectiveness, Costs, 'DecisionMirg. 'Deliver) Systems. Educational Radio,I d,'c.i,'nul Tnt i isi',in. Hi1 tuii I duatinn,

'Mndcl. Program ff(rctiscnrs'. Stcms Anal.vis. idei' Cassrit. S 'trm. Video l.quipmeni

Idctifir Open UnimevsiiThe t,'nts,sit of c1, Britain rc1s ides

hrmm,.ti,sed instruction vi hi'jdc'ti and cci,.respondence Since techniral arguments for thesun rinrit of opennetacrl, cable, or cassettetiles ision ,vvtcm arc irmcc'nclusisc. ihe unhsersit)has been forced to drse!np a decision.matinp'hyde tirt deicrminc a loch system is the mcist costeffeciive For each ssu m thc foticia ing cha:ec.teri'tie' must he considered I) student charac.tc I IsliCt. 2) instructional rhraciriitis, ) flezi.hills). 4) asailhlr inchnnlogm, and 5) type ofesatualinn The' cP.ar.cteritii must be. a1ighedaginmt the co'ts of the required deselopment,rtroductinn. trgnsmi'sion. dittrihuiicin, softaare.and hjrds.r The resulting ratio of bundles ofcharacteristics scm cost a ill enable the OpenL]nisersih Ic' sticci thc estcm a hirti rric'si eftec.tim ci', resc'Jmes the institut(onI v idecs'distributionproblems EPIH

ED 319 662 IR 003 125later, 4. N.Problems of. Learning from Television at a

Distance.Open Univ., Walton, Blctcttley, Bucks (England).

Inst of Educational Technolog>.Pub Dale 74Note$p., Open tJoiveriit, lET.2$EflRS Price MF.5O.83 HC.S),6 Plus Posts1.DcacripiorsColiege Students, Curriculum

Design, Curriculum Dc sr!upmenl. EducationalObjectives, Educational Strasegies, 'Educe.lionel Television. Esiernal Degree Programs,Higher Education, 'Learning Difficultics, Hal.linicdta Instruction, Programing (Broadcast)

tdentificrs 'Open UniversityVer) little is knuan about hams students Icirn

from ttiesiiion. particulerl> alien television ivused in conjunction with a prescribed set of writ.ten materials. At the Open Unrvcrsii of CrestBritain, clatses hvt proliferated to the estenithat it is not lunger noisible to hroedcai one lee.lure to accompany tech unit of instruction. Toreduce air time broadcasts are sometimesrestricted only to she presentation cii partial agru.mcrmta or to evidential material Broadcastdesigners mull clarify the distinction hetwcelearning objectives and teaching rtietticidv an thitstudents clearl) understand lh eiitionship of thebroedesits to the written test and the cnur.e Si.signments (EMH)

ED 119663 IR 003 126Go/Fog' h,r. Mrgor,g MariA.?!, JBroadcasting and the Need (or kepla) FacilIties at

its, Open Uelsrratt.i, I i. Vi ,ii,',., Itii II P,lS bii I' ii ii land i

a In't f r dut ,ti,,r.ai '1 ,chne'lc';l'ub Date Feb 7'

- I IiI . Open Lri.ersit). lET .41115k' Price MI .sok H(.S1i" l'Iu 1'.istaeDi sr' ripicirs ('nticge Situ,ltflt5. Us lvii

S sterns. Iducationel 1 vlsi ,&,on. Fm terfldlDeicc Piiigrarni liIit P.ir.ning. JaciliiI. ti!iiiic'fl Rrscarch. Hiçhnr F ducatitiri. Mul.timed.' lnmtruciic'n Punt Piuji cii. 's idec' Ce'..ctte stcms 'i. idc'n Fquiprncnt. " ide" Tapekecc'rding'.

"Ide ntf'icrt Oper Univ cr511)1 he Open In,. e,Sii% cit Circa: Britain relict

h' il cm tict,,dCa5iiflf a a mode of inst?uctiOfl.hut r.i ii a'id cs...i'e cif's ring Sir r'..I OF itp.,'' Hr to t''c.,dC cocP It ssCi'. fl,i!t tie"once lci it .,ci. ...,dtni' t.r.hl 0 v Cs the('ç.r.a' brdcesI. s idri C .'sClit in(lidci '

cit tested in vim cor'r'urhit ituth crrttcrs empan of a I 9'4 p.loi stud) S:..dnni use ratteifli.CMif01tflt itliattilli) and s l.atWt.' thecenter' were monitored l3 the end c'f the seal.2 plihacL5 had Jtcrr. attended b iut'dent' Ii we' ccinr ludd that. if smell ice hnildifficulties could he omeitcime .nd i0iiial Capitalcmpenditurcl reduced. a reTrial library of m icitti

ciyettet could become pan of tts, Open Inimer.sit) cif Itse future (LMHI

.'vwa ui inc ucia re.Mi1J

ED 119 665 " JR 003 12$böirj.A W. I'aphA kDesIgnln PuIultl.Mrdia Courses fur In.' Uualized

SIud: The Open Lnlverafty Model and ItsReins ante to Cons entiuriut Unlirriltie,.

Open Univ., Walton, Rtetchtey. Racks (England).Inst of Educational 1cchnolog

Pub Date Jul 75Note 3p.. Paper presented at Northern Univer.

aitira Vicmrksng Pert) for Ccm.ciperatinn in Edit.cational 'Teshnnlog) Meeting (Durham. En.gland, Jut) 7. 1975) Opco Universit), lET Es'ternal Degree Programs, 'Media Selection.Course Ohjectivti

£DRS Price MI'$0.13 HC.$),67 Plus Puslag,DescriptorsCollege Curriculum. . College

Teachers, Course Ohcct.vca, 'CurriculumDesign. Curnirulum Development, Educational'Television, Esperimentsil Curriculum, 'EsternalDegree Piograms. Higher Education, 'In'diduolized Instruction, instructional Media.'Media Selection, Media Specialists, 'Mitttimedia instruction

tdenliriera'Open Unisersit)The Open t)niversit3 of Crest Britain is an

mpen.enrollment. Pionie.hased institution in ahichthe majorit) of the tnstrcstcmn is conducted vsSroadcasu snd vorcelpondence. The student arequired to interact with printed materials, brisd.ca:ts, tutors, counselors, assijnmenti. CSssetlerecp:dlngs, csperimenit kits. etc. The choice ofmedia is intended to esiend access to a broad at.dience and, at the same time, to be pedagogicallysound, Since most students study indisidully, itis important that she different media elements ofe'ch letson integrate well into the course siructure. This integration can be facilitated by acourse learn approach in which the curricul*tdesigners, media specialists, tutors, and Instructori all work toward a predetermincdset ot,cdu.cationil objectives (EMH)

UI'" '' 1

i_I 5.._a

ft:41,t_

, ,, , , +

ED 119 666Hetes, A. W.The British Open tints/telly:

Research in Broadcasting.!Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England)

Inst. of Educational Technology. ,

Pub Date 1'7 Nov 75NoteI5p.; Paper presented at the National As

sociation of Educational Broadcasters AnnuaMeeting (Washington, D C., November 171975); Open University, 1ET Papers on Broadcasting No. 53

EDRS Price MrS0.113 HC-S1.67 Plus PostageDescriptorsDecision Making, Educational Ad

ministration. Educational Radio, EducalionaResearch, Educational Television. EsternaDegree Programs. Higher Education, 'Multimedia Instruction, Student Opinion, 'Television Research, Viewing Time

Identifiers,:- 'Open UniversityThe Open University of Great Britain is an

openenroilment, homebased institution in whichthe majority of the instruction is cnnducled viabroadcasts and correspondence. There are owe,50,000 students ernolled in nearly 100 courseswhich require the transmission of 1,000 televisionand 1,000 radio broadcasts each year Recentlyresearch has been conducted to: 1) determinewhich programs Are most successful, 2) provideinformation for reser/eh allocation decisions, and3) determine which combination of resourcesproduces the most effective multimedia presentatinn A 1974 prstal survey of 1.200 students es.amined bpc can: programs and attempted to measure the level at which educational' Objectiveswere met, the cost: and the conveniiAce of thebroadcast strategy, and the effectiveness of themedia mss Such studies have resulted in alteralions of the courses considered and have illus.Crated the value of research to dreision making ineducational broadcasting (EMH)

ED 119 667 IR 003 1.30Gallagher, MargaretBroadcast Evaluation Report Number One: Analy-

sis M231.Open Univ allon. Bletchley. Bucks (England).

Inst. or Educational TechnologyPuh Date Aug 75Note-67p AudioVisual Media Research Group

with Vacuity of MathematicsPrice MiS0.83 HC.S3.06 Plus Postage

Desripilirseollejo Mathematics, College Students Course Evaluation, Educational Radio.Edusational I cies ision. F rnal Degree Pro-grams, Higher Fdthation. Mathematics tn.struution. Media Selection. Multimedia InstruLtion, Study Habits. Surveys, Viewing Time

Identifiers 'Open UniversityI he Open University of Great Britain us an

openenroIlnient. homehased institution in whichIhv 111,1pitit) instruction .tjhroadsasts and correspondence As part of an effort to measure the effect's vile.% a this program,4V11 students in .1 course in mathematical analysiswere surveyed to I) determine the amocnt oftime students spent /11 each unit of instri.etion2) identify abnormally difficult sections of the1.1.1triLuiligt. and 3) find section of the currcu-turn *MO, could he made optional Details it thesurvey design and tabular results are provided

MH I

El) (19 668 IR 003 131

itr,,dthast soludtion Report `somber .0: Cum-bria Case Study, E221: 7%3 R6.

Open n , Bleic)!ley F nelandIns! of b ducational I* es hro'ogy

Puh Date Jan '5Note -41p , AudioA isual Med.. Research CroupF.Dith Price IFSO 83 HCS.1.06 Plus Postage

.

(DescriptorsBroadcast Induitry, College Usti,dents. Correspondence Courses. 'Course

. . . EValnation,-Curriculum Deselophient. DetiiiortMaking. Educational Policy. Educational -received.some criticism and only .about onethire

.T radio, -;'Edsteationall Television, Esternal tha iladinti listened to it. Students who multiDegree .:_Programs:. -Nigher -`Education, Mal: . both. the television and radio'- programs wefttiMedia `Instruction; _'PertieiPant Satisfaction, . at 'likely. to fail. or to twits the

:Programing .-(Broadcast);:,Surveys.:,.:Television,,,-,,sourse as Stidents.Who:tiliSet neither. (CH)'Surveys,-"Viewing

television pinyon was viewed by most ofdents, and they praised the productinti uand informative. The radii, talk broadcast

e..

IR 003 129

ilecisioitOrlented

identifiers' ,Op,en UniversityThe Open University of Great Britain is an

openenrollmint. home based educational systeinin which the majority of the instruction is con-ducted via broadcasts and correspondence. Oneradio program, one television program, and, therelated readings from.,a course on decision-mokins in the British 'Edtication System were evalwated to .see it they: 1) related to the cosine towhich they were associated; 2) provided an es.perience which could not otherwise convenientlybe presented; and 3) aehieved a good blend ofbroadcast and written material. Using a mailedquestionnaire and telephone interviews, a surveymeasured student viewing and listening time andparticipant satisfaction with the integration of the

"broadcasts, the guest speakers, the usefulness ofthe programs, and the entertainment value of theprograms. When students were queried about theextent that they used the course literature toprepare for broadcast, it was shown that coursematerials were not used in the way they were in.tended, (EMH)

ED 139 669 IR 003 132Bates. A. IV. ..

Broadcast Evaluation Report Number Three: In.strumentation, T291:11/9.

Open Univ., Walton,.Bletchley, Bucks (England).Inst. of Educational Technology.

Pub Date Feb 75Note-42p.; AudioVisual Media Research GroupEDRS Price kirSO.93 HC2.06 Plus PostageDescriptors °Course Evaluation, Educational

Alternatives, Educetioisal Television, Elecironic Control, Electronics, Esternal DegreePrograms. Higher Education, InstructionalMedia, Instrumentation, Student Attitudes.Technical Education

Identifiers 'Fourier Analysis, Great Britain,Open University. Transducer ResponseA course in instrumentation offered trirough

the British Open University included a televisionprogram which introduced and illustrated Fourieranalysis and transducer response. The televisioncomponent was evaluated using questionnaires,telephone interviews, and group discussions. Theprogram was successful in that it demonstratedcomplicated operations which would be costly toprovide by laboratory sessions and impossible toprovide through home experiment kits Someproblems were encountered by students in Wm-ing Fourier synthesis and analysis to tranducerresponse as presented by the television program.Other difficulties were encountered with programtransmission schedules and distribution of textualmaterials to students Students generally reactedfavorably to the broadcast itself but felt that thebroadcast notes were inadequate (CH)

El) 119 670 IR 003 133Gat/usher, MargaretBroadcast Evaluation Report Number Four: In.

dustrial Chemistry Component 524: TV7 "3.Open Um.. Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England).

Inst of Educational TechnologyPub Date Apr 75Note-5 I p A udio.V isual Media Research GroupEDRS Price MFS0.N3 HCS3.50 Plus PostageDescriptorsChemistry, 'Chemistry Instruction,

Course Evaluation, Educational Alternatives.Eucational Radio. Educational Television.

Esternal Degree Program., Higher Education,Instructional Media, Programing f Broadcast 1.Student Attitudes, Technical Education

IdentifiersGreat Britain, Industrial Chemistry,Open University1 he Institute of Educational Technology of the

British Open University evaluated an OpenUniversity hroad...ast course in the chemistry ofcarbon compounds Industrial ehenistry wasseparate but parallel comp. rent of the ciar.sewhich was presented by telesision and radiohroasl.ast Questionnaires. telephone intersicwsand group discussions were used to esall.ate thetelevision and radio prescntat,,os of the inJostr:alchemistry component By the end of the coursestudents recognised the unit as worthwhile the

10

-ED 119 671 .

_Gallagher, Margaret.Broadcast Evaluation Report Number -Eight: Deaf. '

eian'Making In British Education Systems v.Caught In the Net",.E231:R IS.

Opin Univ., Welkin, Bletchtey.-BUcksInst. of Educational Technology,

Pub Date Jul 75 -.Nate-40p.; AudioVisual Media RetearCh Grin*EDRS Price SIFS0.13 HC2.06 Pius PostageDeseriptoriCOurse.EvaluatiOn, . Dee iiioii= My

lnj Skills, Drama, Educational Radio, am.nal Degree Programs, Higher Education, Pre: -;graming (Broadcast), Student Attitude,

IdentifiersGreat Britain, Open University,Radio DramaA course in the management and adminittra.

lion of British public education systems ofterigthrough the British Open University includedradio drimatiestion vhich were accompanied'broadcast notes and . correspondence test: RadioIS. "Caught in the Net," was detigned torealise a simple decision model involving hunts)interaction. Evaluation of the 'program tail -6;

questionnaires, interviews, and group discusziotirevealed that radio drama can provide an enjoiable and memorable leatning experience for massstudents Radio provides a low-cost and usefulresource for presenting complex material; and themajority of the students in the evaluation Tap.proved its educatiOnal use. Criticisms of thecourse included dissatisfaction with theflans of the entertainment element of the pro.--,i-gram. difficulty in identifying particular chant

stets and allocating viewpoints to the charactervoices, unfavorable reactions to the timeconsurnins nature of this component, and general opposition to the use of drama for educational put.poses (CH)

ED 119 672 IR 003 131-7:'Morgan, Ruben P. Eastwood, Lester P.. JrProject on Application of Modern Communicants

, 1 echnoloaies to Educational Networking. FlailTechnical Report.

Washington Univ , St. Louis, Mo. Center feltDevelopment Technology.

SpWonasshiAnsgteonnc

DAgency National Science Foundation.

Pub Date 75.Note -111p; Grunt Duration, May i, 1973.Apr .

30, 1975EDRS Price MFS0.113 HC$1.67 Plus Prisms:DescriptorsCommunicalions, Computer

Assisted Instruction, Computer OrtentoedPurol:grams. Cost Effectiveness, Educational Alterna-tives, Educational Resesreh, EdacalionalTechnology, Educational Television, HigherEducation. Information Networks, NietworlitResearch Projects, Telecommunication

Identifiers Educ.,tional Network'Research on this National Science Foundeell

grant to study the application of modern commanications technology to educational netsvorllwas divided into three parts- assessment of therole of technology in nontraditional postsecevdart' education, assessment of communicatiototechnologies and educational services of currelror potential future use in educational networks.and synthesis of educational networks. This finalrenort focuses on work completed from July1974 to April 30, 1975 Four studies of technolo-gy in nonraditional higher education, two itsdies of communication technologies in edva.Ilona, networks, and two studies of synthesiseducational networks are summarised The refer'is followed Z.ty a lit of publications. reports, ortheses ICH/

V's, -'1.E

Ie

ED125514$ HE008114Open learning. Systems and Problems in Post-Secondary

Education. , ,r.(MacKenzie; Norman; And OthersUnited Nations Eqonomic and Social Council. New York. N.Y.1975 498p.Sponsoring Agency: Ford Foundation. New York. N.Y.Available from: The UNESCO Press, 7 Place de Fontenoy. 75700

Paris. France ($21.45)Document Not Available from EDRS.Language: ENGLISHDocument Type: BOOK (010)Journal Announcement: RIENOV76Examined are open learning systems in Australia, Canada,

France. Federal Republic of Germany, Iran. Israel. Japan,Kenya. Lebanon, Poland. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.United Kingdom, and the United States. The implications ofopen-learning and its relation to nontraditional student, andcontinuing education, educational and social pressures onpublic and private universities, and communications technologyare discussed. 'Additional :topics discussed include: students:their situation and needs; research and evaluation; thecurriculum and choice of media; the use of broadcasting;making the courses; the use and 'transfer of experience;effectiveness and costs: questions for planners; and theimpact of open learning. (Author/KE)Descriptors: Case Studies/ Comparative Education/ Cost

Effectiveness/ Curriculum/ Educational Benefits/ EducationalDevelopment/ Educational Media/. Educational Planning/External Degree Programs/ *Foreign Countries/ HigherEducation/ *Individualized Programs/ Nontraditional Education/Open Education/ Postsecondary Education/ Research

'The Chicago City-Wide Institute of the City Colleges of Chicago. Un-published paper, 1975. 43p. ED 124 227.

Describes the Chicago City -Wide Institute, a noncampuscollege establishejLin 1974 as the ninth administrative unitof the City Colleges of Chicago. The basic mission of theInstitute is to develop and ogprate programs at the collegelevel for adults who cannot or'choose not to go to a traditionalcollege campus. The Open Learning Division serves minorityand other nontraditional students utilizing self-pacedmedia delivery systems and an open entry - open exit,competency-based format. The Division of Continuing Educationand Community Services offers job-related courses, coursesrelated to the handicapped, courses for older adults, publicissues courses, and community.education activities. TheCenter for Student Development provides counseling andassessment of life/work experiences for college credit.

11

-.1

E0127933 IR003896Higher/Wider/Education; a Report on Open Learning.Gross. RonaldFord Foundation. New York. N.Y.JUn .1976 .34p.Available from Ford Foundation. Office of Reports, 320 East43rd Street, New York. N.Y. 10017EDRS Price - MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.Language: ENGLISHDocument Type: BOOK (010)Journal Announcement: RIEJAN77New forms of postsecondary education such as television

. colleges, contract learning programs, universities withoutwalls, external degree programs, and edUcation brnkers haveemerged to complement traditional adult and vocationaleducation programs. . New patterns and programs contribute tothe open learning movement in higher education and offer majoralternatives to traditional undergraduate instruction for manyyoung and older students. Some of the undertakings of the FordFoundation in this field include the University ofMid-America; the University Without Walls; Empire StateCollege in New York; the New York Regents External DegreeProgram; the Regional Learning Service pioneering in educationbrokerage and research projects in costs, evaluation. anddissemination of information about open learning experiences.(CH)

Descriptors: 'Adult Education/ 'Educational Innovation/Educational Television/ Experimental Programs/- 'ExtensionEducation/ External Degree Programs/ Grants/ Higher Education/Home Study/ Individualized Instruction/ Instructional Systems/Open Education/ *Postsecondary Education/ Private FinancialSupport/ Regional PrograMs/ Television Research,

Identifiers: 'Ford Foundation

DIALOG F110: ERIC 66-7U/JUN (Item 17 of 30) User4858 27ju178

E0128989 JC760422Telecourses in Dallas: Tne First Three Years.Agler, Linda S.: Linn, Travis 6.Dallas-COunty2 Aug 76 85p.EDRS Price MF-S0.83 HC-S4.67 Plus Postage.Since telecourseS were first offered in the Dallas County

Comiweity College District in the fall of 1972, cOnSistentepforts have been made to evaluate their instructionaleYfectiveness and the degree to which they satisfy the needs.cdpt enrolled students. This report presents a summary of the4,:;3luation projects which were conducted during the firsttriree years of the program. Administrative organization of thecourses and telecourse design and development procedures aredescrioed, followed by summaries of the findings of studentsurves for each course. The surveys elicited .information onstudent characteristics, and student assessment ofinstructional techniques, administrative factors. and use oftelevision as an instructional mode. Appendices include taolescomparing enrollments and grade distributions for televisedand nontelevised sections of the same courses: theQuestionnaires used in the various student surveys: theresdl.s of a study designed to determine reasons for studentwithdrawal from a particular telecourse :. the results of astudy designed to examine the success of English 101telecourse stucents in English 102: and a comparison of thecnaracteristics of telecourse students and on-campus students.(DC)Descriptors: Academic Achievement/ Community Colleges/Course Evaluation/ Educational Television/ Enrollment/

Grade:, (Scholastic)/ Junior Colleges/ Student Characteristics/ ieleCourses/ Withdrawal

identifiers: Dallas County Community College District

1 BEST2 litoi ;tPIT

Report to Accrediting Commission for community and Junior Colleges,Westem Association of Schools and Colleges. Fountain Valley,Calif.: Coastline Community College, 1976. 54p. ED129 372.

Provides an overview of the function, structure,, services, andstaffing of Coastline Community College (CCC), a noncampusinstitution which opened in September 1976. Ffial consalint!prohibited sili7ROTatibb and-anstruction for a new campus,but instructional and organizational alternatives and technolocallowed for the formation of a college without walls, whosecampus is the community. gcc has_Assmmeidreionsibility_

for_altprorains_previo_usly_Affered through the eveningdivtsionsofthe two existing district collegeitrti-eurricultli7comprehensive; in addition to riPTIF-tbriftes offeredin a variety of settings, students have opportunities toparticipate in independent study, cooperative and work studyprograms, and on-the-job training.

WALDO File1, ERIC 66-76/JUN (Item T7" of 172) User4858 27jul76

ED128030 JC760466An Informal Report On Cglieglate Successes with "The AdamsCnrpnicles."Gc,Idsberry, Gari, G.Coastline Community Coll., Fountain Valley, Calif.Sep 76 11p.ERRS Price MF-SO.83 HC-61.67 Plus Postage.In the spring of 1976, "The Adams Chronicles", abicentennial television course developed by Coast Community

College District and the University of California at SanDiego, ..as distributed to colleges nationwide at no hargpwith the understanding that each college would returninformation regarding promotion, enrollment, and form ofoffering tnis course. This report presents some of therecruiting ideas and comments of perscis involved in theoffering of the course at ten selected colleges. Among therecruiting methods reported were distribution of brochures,advertise rent in a course catalog, radio and newspaperadvertising, and television promotion. Some of the reportingcolleges cnarged tuition while others did not. Amount ofcollege credit aAarded varied from college to college. Alsoreported are the various Schedules for presenting the courseusing either one or several television stations in thecommunity in which tne'dourse was offered. (LIDS)Descriptors: College Credits/ *Educational Television/Junior Colleges/ 'Post Secondary Education/ Publicize/Student Enrollment/ *Student Recruitment/ TelecoursesIdentifiers: Adams Chronicles

1344rfn

r .

E0135BG8 JC770207Evaluation of the English 101 Telecourse "Welting forReason..,

Agier, LimikAS.. Callas Couhty Community Coll.

District. Tex.Oct 76 98p.EARS Price MF-S0.83 HC-S4.67 Plus Postage.A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness Of an

English composition telecourse In terms of skills end studentattitudes and to compavo its effectivenesS with parallelclassroom courses, to determine whethmAgiesourse stutudentdentsconsiillagg a, dist inqE2291.91.W.n. . .to obtain s

evaluations of the two course methods.' and, to determPrine thereasons for the high rate of telecourse withdrawal.Post-test student compositions frOm random samples of

classroom and telecourse students were evaluated byindependent raters on eight criteria, and as semanticdifferential instrument was similarly utilized to assessattitudes toward writing self-concept, method of instructionand English. In addition, a Student Background Survey, gradedistributions, and a survey of telecourse dropouts wereutilized in the study design. ...Uncla revealed significantimprovement by both groups in comoosition skills. withtelecourse students obtaining significantly higher scores in

threFalre'TCTTiiir7rrridFVTTrrllriutroKi;similar

improvement in writing self-concept."out

more problems"coursecowereurse

attitudes among classroom students. Personal promost commonly cited by the 52% of the telecourse fAudents whowithdrew. Telecourse students were significantly differentfrom on-campus students alono several dimensions. (los)

ED130636# IR004168Forum 76; a Modern Chautauqua.

Proceedings of the NationalConference on Open Learning and Nontraditional Study (3rd,Lincoln, Nebraska; June 15-17, 1976).Cavort, C. Edward, Comp.Universitylof Mid-America, Lincoln, Nebr.1976 203p.Available from: Conference Director, University ofMid - America. P.O. Box 82006, Lincoln, Nebraska 68501 ($7,50;cassette audio tapes of most sessions are $5.00 per session)Document Not Available from EDRS.Language: ENGLISHDocument Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (0/1)Journal Announcement: RIEMAR77This third national conference on open learning andnontraditional study attempted to demonstrate cooperativeefforts across the country and to show how open learning and..nontraditional study relate to unified efforts to achievecommon goals. Topics discussed at the conference included: (1)the national overview, (2).milltary training programs. (3) thefuture of open learning. (4) quality of instruction, (5)problems of isolated luarners, (6) program evaluation, (7)adult development. (8) management. (9) planning and marketing.(10) the Public Broadcasting System, (11) the Public ServiceSatellite Consortium. (12) communications technology. (13)

organizational patterns. (14) the federal role, (15) research.and (16) discussions of individual programs. (EMH)Descriptors: Administration/ Adult Education/ CommunicationsCommunications Satellites/ Conference Reports/ CostEffectiveness/ 'Educational Technology/ Educational Television/ External Degree Programs/ Government Role/ +Higher Education/ Lifelong Learning/ Media Research/ Nontraditional Education/ Opsn Education/ Organization/ Program Evaluation/ QualityControl/ TelecommunicationsIdentifiers. Public Broadcasting Service/ Public ServiceSatellite Consortium

14 BEST COPY

0 1 140

Sponsoring Agency: National Inst. of Education (DHEW).Washington, D.C.Contract No.: NIE-C-74-0103FORS Price - MF01/PC10 Plus Postage.Language: ENGLISHDocument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141),Journal Announcement: RIEOCT77This report covers a three-part project ("white paper",working papers, and discussion seminars) in adult openlearning designed to provide the basis for an expansivediscussion of the need for research in open learning.Following an executive summary, contents are presented inthree parts. Part I consists of an introduction and overview.Part II. Facts, Definitions, and an Analytical Perspective,

provides a brief background discussion of the phenomenon ofadult open learning as well as an analytical perspective whichreflects the social role of open learning and current socialpolicy needs. Part II serves as a point of departure for thediscussion of investment prioritieswhich appear in Part III,titled Priorities for Investment in Research andExperimentation. The.project's seven working papers, includedmostly in part III of the report are titled "Introduction andOverview of Overall Approach and Intent," ExpandedPostsecondary Open Learning Opportunities through theUtilization of Resources and Initiatives in the SeveralSeciors of the Existing Open Learning Universe." FinancingOpen Learning: Varied Needs and Approaches," "Matching theNeeds of Specific Clienteles with the Characteristics ofSpecific Teaching - Learning. Modes and Delivery Systems," "OpenLearning and the World of Work," "Competence- andPerformance-Based Assessment and Credentialing of LearningOutcomes," "Strateg4es for Fostering Open Learning." Areference bibliography. keyed to the working paper topics, isappended, (SH)

r*I-P*

Lu Mi

Lombardi, John. Noncampus Colleges: New Governance Patterns for OutreachPrograms. Topical Paper No. 60. Los Angeles: ERIC Clearinghouse forJunior Colleges, 1977. 80p. ED 136 880. h

This paper examines the characteristics of anemerging new type of postsecondary institutionk_the noncampus,college 7-its facilities, learning activities,kmanizkti042financing-70 .studentsi+faculty, and special WobliMI. While maintainingtrYditiOnal-carriculi: offerings and classIrOtirinstructionalpatterns, noncampus colleges dispense with the fixed campus in favorof rented and donated facilities in many locations. The eightexiating noncampus colleges vary in their responsibilitifs; someprovide a full range of academic and occupational programs within ageographically large service area, while others are limited tospecial types of programs or consolidate all off-campus instructionwithin a multi-campus district. maintain a headquarters for -

administrative and support services. Noncampus colleges exist toserve nontraditional students, particularly adult part -time students,and thus may emphasize alternative learning experiences andinstructional methods such as televised instruction or contractlearning. However, they remain classroo.m oriented, and appearunlikely to embrace the external-tegree or college without wallsformat. Despite some problems, noncampus colleges provide anefficient and flexible organizational pattern for postsecondaryoutreach efforts.

15

COMM JC7:u400Evaluation of he Business 105 Telecourse "It's Everybody's--

Business".Dallas County Community Coll. District, Tex.15 Soo 77 260.EDRS Price MF -SO.03 1.1C-S2.06 Plus Postage.During the fall semester of 1976, a pre-test/post-test study

was cbnducted to compare open circuit television and on-campusinstruction for "introduction to business" students. Thetelecourso consisted of on-campus orientation, newsletters,' astudy guide, 30 TV programs, telephone assistance, selectedactvitie, and examinations. The . sample included 261

telecourso students and 98 on-Campus students from sevenCar@uSeS.. Tests were administered during the first and lastinstructional weeks to measure career interests, locus of

control, and student attitudes toward the field of business.

Additionally, a final achievement test was ,given. Findingsindicated no appreciable change in the career interests ofeither group, and no significant change in attitudes. Bothgroups mastered the course objectives, but the.telgyisiongnoup mean score .of 99,95 waS.hig her_than that for. on-campus

control scores shifteostudents, while .those of ,(14

only one category. Groupand ethnic distributions.

Females in both groups achieved higher mastery scores, as diostudents above age 28, but overall achievement was comparablefor both groups. (RT)Descriptors: Academic Achievement/ Business Education/

Community Colleges/ Educational 'elevision/ Home Instruction/Junior Colleges/ Locus of Control/ *Open Circuit Television/Program Evaluation/ Student Attitudes/ Student Characteristics/ *Teaching Methods/ *Telecourses/ Television Curriculum

students (00.00). Locus ofsignificantly more for televidionon-campus students changed in

differences included age, sex.

16 BEST /1:

DIALOG Filel: ERIC 66 -78 /JUN (Item 10 of 30) User4658 27jul78

50145166 95 ,CE012822Instructional Programming: Detrlopment and Validation of

Instructipnal Modules for Graphic Production Programs. A.Research and Development Report.Mprrisonn, John P.Santa Blrbara City Coll., Calif.77 123o.: Best copy availableSponsoring Agency: Bureau of Occupational and AdultEeocation (OHEW /CE). Washington, D.C.90veau No.: VEA-42-69294-C-7-900

Price MF- SO.133 HC-$6.01 Plus Postage.the puroose of the study was to develop. and validate

ildividualiied instructional modules for graphic production attoe community college level. Seven components of the researchand development process were product selection, literaturereview; planning, development of the preliminary form a?. the'

. Pnoduct, preliminary field test and Moduct revision, mainfield 'iest and product revision, and operational field testand product revision. Three modules were developed 'Coveringtne areas of design, paste up, and process camera. Eachcontained a flow chart of the module structure, a rationalesperformance objectives, learning activities, a posttest, and asur;nation. The modules were field tested and revised byadministering a pretest to the students and calculating thepercentage of students attaining a score of 80% or better on aposttest for each unit. The effectiveness of the design wassignificant since well over 90% of the students scored 80X ornigner on the posttest, and over 80% of the participants intne operational field test evaluated the modules as being veryappropriate.' (Module flow charts, a module evaluatiofl form,and tne three instructional modules are appendeJ to thisreport.) (BL)Descriptors: Commercial Art/ Community Colleges/ Curriculum

Design/ Curriculum Evaluation/ Graphs; Arts/ ImdividualizedCurriculum/ Instructional Materials/ Junior Colleges/ Layout(Publications)/ *Learning Modules/ 'Material Development/Photography/ Program Effectiveness/ Program Evaluation

1'1

ED 134 212 IR 004 403CiProsis, David R. Dub), Paul 8.Predirtiag Student Withdrawals In Opes Learning

e Courses.Chicago City Colleges, Ill.Pub Date Oct 76

Notelip.; Paper presented at the National As-sociation of Educational Broadcasters(Chicago, Illinois, October 26, 1976)

EDRS Price M1'013 HC41.67 Plus Postage.DescriptorsDropout Identification, Dropout

Prevention, 'Dropout Research, EducationalResearch, External Degree Programs, HigherEducation, Open Education

IdentifiersTV College (Chicago)Analysis of data from four courses shows that

(I) female open learning studenu complete theircourses more often than male counterparts, (2)open learning students who register at certaincampuses complete their courses more often thanstudents who register at others, and (3) studentswho complete and return assigned questionnairesare more likely to complete courses than studentswho do not. From these data two formulae arederived which predict the number of studentwithdr.wals. After being tested and refined, thetwo formulae are unified into one weighted index.Subsequent trials of the unified index result toseven of eight predictions being within (+ or -)10%. Predictions were accurate over differentpresentation media. (WBC)

ED 153 622 IR 005 894Serrates', Frances Gibson, AnneRadio and Audio-Vision In the British Opts

University; Towards IndivIdualisalioa.'Pub Date 77

Note I3p.; Best copy availableEDRS Price MF50.113 HC$1.67 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdult Education Programs, Adult

Stodenu, Audiovisual Aids. EducationalRadio. External Degree Programa, HigherEducation, Individualized Programs,Instructional Materials, Magnetic Tape Cas-settes, Mass Media, Open Education, TapeRecordings. Visual Aids

Identifiers Open University (Great Britain)In 1977, almost 60 percent of all Open Univer-

sity courses were using audio and visual media 'incombination. either sound broadcasting withvisual materials or audiovision with the sounddistributed on cassette or discs Research hasshown that students prefer radiovision to radioalone. It appears that future growth may be in thearea of audio-vision and away from dependenceon radio as the sound source. This is the result ofa growing need to cater to the individual learnerand to optimise the learning opportunity. It ispossible that the growth of audio-vision will enable radio to develop a more appropriate and sig-nificant learning role Research relating to radio-vision and audio-vision is described.(Author/STS)

El) 154 797 IR 0051!'G0.'11201,1. Ma rparrttirmidcasting and the Open Volverdly StockistTen Uno , N Alton. Bletchley. Bucks (Engine.Inst of Educational Technology

Pub Date 77NoteI60p Best copy availableEDRS Price Mr-S0.113 Plus Postage.

A vallabk from EDRS. i.

cio,cnriorsEducationat Planning, EducationalRadio. Educational Technology, EducationalTeteilsion. *External Degree Programs. HigherEducation, Instructional Technology, MassMedia. 'Open Education, Oueslionnaires. Stu.Dent Attitudes. Student Opinion. Summatives..i.allon. 'Surveys, Use Studies

s.sentifiersOpen University (Great Britain)-rte purpose of this study, conducted in 1976,

.as to update and extend the 1974 survey enu"Student Use of Open University Broadcast.or the Bales Report It was also intended to

Baas: broadcast policy and planning decisions andiodisidual course team' summa

e ieubt.nri data on student ust of broadcasiThe report is disided into three mayor secass

tons ( 1 ) design of the survey including the Lam-y* the questionnaire, and analyse and triir.rretation (2) survey results including avails.Wits of audiovisual equipment, use of opensonor broadcasts. viewing and listening on in.

stela courses. and student views on the needsiv prof ram repeats, and (3 ) factors affecting thesir of broadcasting Appendices are not included.rSTS)

ED 168 534 IR 007 052ilardahL Edward 0.Distance Learning in Music Through the *Nem

fere:icing Principle: A SizVear E.:wings INWisconsin on a State-Wide Basis.

Pub Date-78Note-15p.; Appendices not included because d

illegibilityPub Type Reports Descriptive (lenEDRS Price MF'01/PC01 Plus Postage.Descriptorslastructional Media, Music Uwe-

tion, Music Techniques, Telephone Commuuke-tion Systems, Telephone InstrUction

Identifiers Distance Learning. TeleconferencbstA unique tway, interactive aural communko

lions system operated by the University of Whom.sipExtension and serving over 100 locationsthroughout the state is described and its applicatioato distance music education is explained. A heldsurvey of telephone use in education is present:Aswell as studies relating the effectiveness of distastelearning. The concept of telenonferencing in br-ing music instruction to a widely dispersed midi..ence, allowing for the simultaneous distributional.music programs, is dremed one of the mon/ Pdaaof the Wisconsin system. (RAO)

ED 168 535RumPink.

IR 007 053

Correspondence Educ don Combined with Splunatic Telephone Tutoring.

Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Education.Spots; AgencyTriCentennial Fund, Stockiest*

(Sweden).Pub Date-71Note 39p.Pub Type -.- Reports Research (143) Dissent

lions /Thetis (040)EDRS Price MFOI Plus - outage. PC Not Anna.

ble tom EDRS,DescriptorsAchievement, Adult Education Pt'

grunts, Attitudes, Correspondence Study, los.comic Education, Home Instruction, HostStudy, Second Language Learning, TelephoneInstruction, Time Factors (Learning), Tuts*

IdentifiersDistance EducationThis study focused on the improvement atm&

tiona1 two-way communication protases i21 cartspoodence education through variations on themesof postal communications, reinforcing the feetrose1sent by mail with systematic telephone eats, adcombinations of mail and facetofac-e contents; treprimary focus was correspondence education onspbined with telephone tutoring. A literature wiltcovers correspondence education. two-way cogi'municatiott, and the telephone as an instrucbrea:aid. The experimental design of the study instEtaltwo groups of randdinly distributed corm:spookiestatudenu. The experimental group received itphone tutoring in addition to the conventional'''.back., while the other received only written feeds*by mail. Courses included were introductory Frew*and basic economics, both intended for adult last'ers. Results indicated that students who reeeilyztelephone tutoring reacted to it favorably; howeem

Ituotforingstudyprtimoved "tofgaillisbeof

no difference was found between the two 111741:achievement..

e to those students studying a fthan to students studying one of theawia. sciences (RAO)

ED 16S $311',.' IR 007 062Jvhn R.

Indfriduallzed Instruction, What the ResearchTells Us.

Pub Date-19 Apr 78Note-15p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meet-

ing of the Association for Educational Commimications and Technology (Kansas City, Missouri,April 19, 1978)

Pub Type Information Analysis (070) 0 Spec.ches /Meeting Papers (150)

EDRS Price hiF01/PC01 Plus Pottage.DescriptorsBehavioral Objectives, Cost Effec-

tiveness, Educational Research, IndividualizedInstruction, Learning Modules, Mastery Lewd.ing, Performance Based Education, Proctoring,Retention, Student Teacher Relationship, StudyGuides, Teaching MethodsLiterature on individuated learning appearing in

the past three years includes many reports which arerewritings from the same data; however, generaligghie results do exist for the practitioner. Individual-Lied instruction systems work as well or better thantraditional, conventional instruction. Students learnmore, make higher grades, save time, perform bereton examinations, and feel improvement in self-con-cept and self- confidence. Withdrawals appear toabout the same as in traditional courses, but greatvariability is suggested. Student attitudes are favora-ble; they like self-pacing, although lack of disciplineand motivation cause difficulties. Learning modulesand study guides are helpful and well liked; thevalue of lectures is uncertain. Learning objectivesproduce significant increases in learning, whileproctors can improve the rate of student progress.Retention of learning is improved by individualisedinstruction and mastery learn:mg reduces forgetting.Students like selfgrading but feel more is learnedwith proctorgrading. Test anxiety and grade pls.sure are reduced with individualized learning, andincreased student-staff interaction results in higherstudent appraisals of staff. Cost benefit studies areinfrequent and assessments are imprecise. Asmaterials used in individualized instruction increasein number, researchers continue to investigate theireffectiveness and benefits. (CWM)

Donsky, Aaron; and Others.Tclecourses: A NonconventionalApproach to Education. Mentor,Ohio: Lakeland CommunityCollege, 1979. ED 171 336;27 pages

The same introductory business coursewas presented by Lakeland CommunityCollege as a telecourse, broadcast duringthe day and evening; as a day course oncampus; and as an evening course offcampus. Students in all three classeswere surveyed to determine their charac-teristics and attitudes toward the course.Telecourse students were overwhelm-ingly supportive of the format, preferringit to traditional course design. Moretelecourse students felt that they hadlearned a lot from their course than didthe other students, and more indicatedthat they would recommend the courseto a friend. The students in all groupsindicated that they had expended thesame amount of effort in the course. Asa whole, the telecourse group had ahigher class grade point average andscored higher on the tests than the othergroups. The questionnaire is appended.

er-47"

E0157418 14F010019Centre for International Cooperation and Services,Open Univ.. Walton; Bletchley. Bucks (England).ie711 lep.A.,ailable from! Centre for International Cooperation and

Snrviceq, rhr Oprh Whiversity, Wal ton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK76AA , UnitPd KinudomFORceioe Mr01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.!multiage. ENGLISHOnrUment Type: BOOK (010)%Journal Annnuncement: RIEDEC78The Centre for International Cooperation and Services

(CICS), part of the Open University of the Unites i Kingdom, is

dosmlbed. Distance learning is defined and related to theOpen University. Information is provided on the establishment,wurk, nervicen, and resources of the CICS. A wallet folder atthe' back of the booklet contains details of the CICS RegularStudien Programme and an application form, a CICS Staff list,and other current information. (SPG)

Descriptors: Access to Education: 'External Degree Programs;

Foreign Countries; Higher Education; InstitutionalChaacteri9tirs; Institutional Cooperation; 'InternationalProgam's; 'Open Educat ion; Open Universities; ProgramDescriptions

Identifiers: Centre for International Cooperation andSeevi,:es; Great Britain; 'Open University (Great Britain)

19

DIALOG Filet; ERIC - 66-82/Aug (Item 76 of 82) User 8645 2sep82.

ED 157485H HE010333Distance Education: A Survey and Bibliography.Holmberg, Borje1877 167p.Available from: Nichols Publishing Co., P. O. Box 96, New

York, New York 10024 ($15.00)Document Not Available from EDRS.Language:11IGLISHDocument Type:1800K (010)Journal Announcement: RIEDEC78 -

Distance education is used in this .survey to cover the

various forms of study at all levels that are not under thecontinuous, immediate supervision of teachers present with

their students in lecture rooms or on the same premises, but

which benefit, nevertheless, from the planning, guidance, and

tuition of a tutorial organization. Familiar examples are the

Open University and correspondence Study. The principal

components of the system of distance education are surveyed in

detail, with emphasis on those aspects that appear to beImportant for the present and the future, and from the

viewpoint of the educator. individual chapters cover: the

rationale of distance education; the goals and objectives of

study; the target groups of students; the contents and

structure of study matter; organization and administration;choice of methods and media; two-way communication in distance

education; course creation; and revis'on and evaluation. Each

chapter is followed by a bibliography of books and papers

relevant to the subject area and a fuller bibliography isgiven at the end of the book. (Author/LBH)

Descriptors: Elihliogrophies; Correspondence Study;

Educational Assessment: Educational Objectives; Educational

TeGlinolociv: External Degree Programs; Higher Education;

' Independent Study; Lifelong Learning; Literature Reviews;

Open Education; Secondary Education; Surveys; Teaching

Methods

20

DIALOG Filet: ERIC - 66-81/Mar (Item 54 of 92) User 4398 6mar81

EDI59963 HF010412Planning for the External Evaluation of the University of

. Mid-America. Working Paper No 2.

Lent, RichardUniversity of Mid-America, Lincoln, '!ebr.Dec 1974 41p.; For related documents see HE 010 410 - HE

010 428Sponsoring Agency: National Inst. of Education (DHEW).

Washington, D.C.Contract No.: NIE-0-75-001Available from: Office of Public Affairs and Information

Services, University of Mid-America, Box 82006, Lincoln,Nebraska 611501EMS Price mroi/Pc02 Plus Postage.language. EnglishDocument Typa: RESEARCH REPORT (143)Geoglaphic source: U.S., NebraskaJournal Announcement: RIEFEB79The University of Mid-America's (UMA) goals and plans are

reviewed in this evaluation planning paper. Several issueseffecting the overall shape of external evaluation activitiesover a five-yea period are described. Focus in this r-srt ison UMA's philosophical orientation and future plate. , the

rationale for the open learning approach, UMA open learning

goals, and the UMA open learning model. UMA's intended statusin 1980 is discussed in terms of the delivery system,

curriculum, course development, and consortium planning anddevelopment. Basic considerations in designing an evaluationplan are described, such as the evaluation setting, evaluationaudiences and information needs, and in-house and externalevaluation responsibilities. An outline for externalevaluation activities Is presented for each of the five years.As a planning document, this report presents the key issuesand some ideal solutions. (LBH)

Descriptors. Adult Education/ Consortia/ CurriculumDevelopment/ Delivery Systems/ *Educational Assessment/Educational Television/ Evaluation Criteria/ External DegreePrograms/ Higher Education/ Institutional Research/ Models/Open Education/ Research Projects/ oTelecourses/ Television

CurriculumIdentifiers- University of Nebraska

21. r

Z.5

ED159962 HE0I0411Developing Student Achievement Measures. Working Paper No.

3.

Eggert. JohnUniversity of Mid-America, Lincoln, Nebr.Dec 1974 32p.: For related documents see-HE 010 410 - HE

010 428Sponsoring Agency:, National Inst. of Education (DHEW).

Washington, D.C.Contract No.: NIE-G-75-001Available from: Office of Public Affairs and Information

Services, University of Mid-America, Box 82006, Lincoln,Nebraska 68501

EDRS Price - MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: RESEARCH REPORT (143)Geographic Source: U.S./ NebraskaJournal Announcement: RIEFEB79Student assessment procedures used by the University of

Mid-America/State University of Nebraska (UMA/SUN) for itsfirst two Aplevised courses, Introductory Psychology andAccounting I, are presented in this report. Included aredescriptions of various experiments in producing test items, areport on the construction of tests from the items, and apresentation of the results of the first teste in terms oflearner achievement and item statistics. Consideration isgiven to the validity of UMA/SUN's tests and to the needs ofthe future. It is concluded that the process of specifyingobjectives precisely and meaningfully to ir.fom both thestudent and the test designer of what is being taught workswell and should be continued. (Author/LBH)Descriptors: Accounting/ Adult Education/ *Course Evaluation

/ Educational Assessment/ Educational Television/ HigherEducation/ Institutional Research/ Material Development/Measurement Techniques/ *Open Education/ Psychology/ ResearchProjects/ *Student Evaluation/ oTelecourses/ TelevisionCurriculum/ *Test Construction/ Test Items/ Test Validity

Identifiers: State University of Nebraska/ University ofMid America NE

22

ED 159964 HF010A13Introductory Psychology (Second Offering), Course Evaluation

1135

Report.Sell. G. RogerUniversity of Mid-America. Lincoln. Nebr.Apr-1976 123p.; For related docUmentS see HE 010 410 - HE

010 428Sponsoring Agency: National Inst. of Education (OHEW).

Washington. D.C.Contract No.: NIE-G-75-001Available from: Office of Public Affairs and Information

Services, University of Mid-America. Box 82006, Lincoln.Nebraska 68501

MRS Price - MF01/PC05 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: RESEARCH REPORT (143)Geographic Source: U.S./ NebraskaJournal Announcement:"RIEFEB79The second phase of field testing for an Introductory

Psychology course offered. in the regional open learningprogram of the University of Mid-America is reported. Learnercharacteristics and learner evaluations of the instructionalunits are compared with findings from the first courseoffering. Throughout the paper, learner comments are insertedto help explain and enrich the quantitative data summaries.The paper enas with a set of suggestions from learners forImprovement of Introductory Psychology as it was offeredthrough the State University of Nebraska (SUN). Findingsinclude the following: (1) Learners may represent kinds ofpeople not adequately served through traditional postsecondaryinstitutions; (2) the sampling procedure for unit evaluationduring the second delivery did not produce as high a returnrate as the first delivery: (3) the study guide appears tohave enough detailed instructions to guide learners adequatelythrough the course; (4) the television programs werecriticized generally for their lack of overlap with the textmaterial: (5) the newspaper component was not highly endorsedor highly criticized by enrolled learners; (6) trial testsreceLied outstanding support for their value in preparinglearners for graded exams: and (7) the Course-at-a-Glance gaveenrolled learners a ready reference for telecast dates, examsequence, and text reading assignments. Learner responses anddata summaries are appended. (LBH)Descriptors: Adult Education/ Course Evaluation/ *Delivery

Systems/ Educational Television/ Higher Education/Independent Study/ Institutional Research/ InstructionalMaterials/ Nontraditional Students/ Open Education/ ProgramEvaluation/ Psychology/ Research Projects/ Student Attitudes/ lelecourses/ Television Curriculum/ Television Research

Identifiers: State University of Nebraska/ University of MidAmerica NE

23 ' :

*.

E0159965 HE010414Introductory Psychology (First Offering). Course Evaluation

ReporiSell. G. RogerUriiversity of 'slid-America. Lincoln, Nebr.Aug 1975 19p.; For related documents see HE 0104 10 - HE

010428Sponsoring Agency: Netiohal Inst. of Education ADHEW).

Washington, D.C.Contract No.: NIE-G-75-001Available from: Office-of Public Affairs and Information

Services, University of Mid-America, Box 82006, Lincoln,Nebraska 68501

EDRS Price - MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: RESEARCH REPORT (143)Geographic Source: U.S./ NebraskaJournal Announcement: RIEFE879Introductory Psychology 13 a multimedia course that may be

taken for college credit from the University of Mid-America.which allows the learner to proceed at his own rate, and whichencouages a support system of administrators, faculty, andlearning center staff to assist the learner in theaccomplishment of educational goal's. The evaluation plan forthe course was designed around two offerings. During the firstoffering, it was expected that some general indicators ofcourse suitability CoUld be generated; during the second, thatmore specific aspects of the course would be examined in lightof the first findings. Seven broad questions are addressed inthis paper: (i) Who enrolled? (2) How did learners evaluatetheir experience with Introductory Psychology during the"course? (3) How well did learners perform on the graded examsand how long did it take them to complete the course? (4) Howdid learners evaluate their experiences after completing thecourse? (5) What correlates of learner performance were foundfor the first offering of Introductory Psychology? (6) Whatpredictions can be made about the course? (7) Whatimprovements are needed for further evaluation? Informationabout these concerns should be important to several audiences.including course development teams, delivery system personnel,and evaluation specialists. A learner profile is given alongwith learner responses to unit evaluation Forms and testperformance. The unit evaluation form is appended. (LBH)

Descriptors: Academic Achievement/ Course Descriptions/*Course Evaluation/ Delivery Systems/ Educational Television/Higher Education/ Independent Study/ Institutional Research/Instructional Materials/ *Multimedia Instruction/ OpenEducation/ Participant Satisfaction/ Psychology/ ResearchProjects/ Stuelmt Attitudes/ Student Characteristics/Telecourses/ Television Curriculbm/ Television ResearchIdentifiers: University of Mid America NE

,=71

ED 162 089 -CE 018 075Abvire. Solomon .lied °thenTelephone Counseling fur MimeRased Adults.

Final Report.College Entrance Examination Board, New Ycrk,

N.Y., Policy Studies in 'ducation. New York.N.Y.

Spons Agency E::XON Education Foundation,New York, N Y.; National Inst. of Education(DHEW), Washington, D.C. Education and',fork Group.

Pub Date-78Contract-400.76-000:Note-71p Best copy availableAvailable from -- College Board Publication Orders.

Box 2815. Princeton. New Jersey 08541 Oa 50)EDRS Price NIF50.83 Plus Postage. HC Not

Available from EDRS,DescriptorsAdult Programs, Counseling Effec-

tiseness. Counseling Goals. 'Counseling Pro-grams, 'Counseling Services. Followup Studies,'Guidance Counseling, Guidan :e Objectises.uHome Programs. Information Needs. Models,'Occupational Guidance. Postsecondary Educe.tion. Success Factors

Identifiers Rhode Island. Telephone CounselingA follow -up study was conducted to discover the

effect of the Career Education Project (CEP) on itsclients and to discover perceptions held by formerclients regarding their need for career guidance andcounseling services. (CEP. a model program fundedby the National Institute of Education, offered tele-phone counseling to homebased adults in Provi-dence. Rhode Island.) Designed as an outcomesassessment. this study insolved interviewing 400randomly chosen clients from the 1.157 who werecounseled between April. 1974. and March, 1975. Itwas found that the clients were predominantly (1)female. white, high school graduates. betweentwenty and thirty-four years of age. married, with,one or two children at home, and with family in-comes between S5.000 and 515.000: (2) unem-ployed although experienced in the labor market;(3) seeking career counseling for the first time: (4)satisfied with the sets ice they.received and with thetelephone as a medium of communication (althoughmost preferred face-to-face interaction): (5) mosthelped by counseling in the areas of self-explora-tion. goal seating. and career decision making; and

(6) action oriented, as they sought further eck..ca-lion or jobs. CEP was considered a remarkable suc-cess as most clients were found to be currentlyemployed, earning higher salaries, and more Self-confident than before counseling. (The report alsoincludes possible explanations for the firOjCal suc-cess and extrapolates the successfulness of similarprojects with other types of clients.) (ELG)

ED 158 768 IR 006 403Grunclin, Hans LlThe Effect of Transmission Times on Students'

lite OL Broadcasts.Open . Walton. Bleichley. Bucks (England).

Inst of Educational TechnologyReport NoTET93Pub ()We 77Now-53p For related document. gee ED 154

79/EDRS Price W0 HC3.50 Plus Postage.Descriptors Analasis of S. ariance. Correlation,

Fducational Fducational Television,i sternal Degree Programa, Television Viewing

IdsnoticrBroadcast TimesTho..paper presents the results of analyses of

viewing and listening rates ohsersed in 19'.1,I9 -n. and I surseys of student use of Open

nisersits broadcacting in conjunction with dataregarding iranmission times and number oft,:tevoinin or radio programa per course In thisanalysis. nine different transmission time camp.ries arc identified, from verb early weekdaymrnire :o wet transmission Data arc summar 2sJ for all cour.c. incladed in the three

regarding transmosion lime, rr nat,iins for te,eiion hroddeasting numherTN, prilgrams in the elluric, expected and oh

served viewing rates for all students and for non-r,;,imal iessing rates. difference

between oserscd and expected rate. for all students and for nondropouts Anaiyaet of thesedata led III the .11..ing main conclusions I I )

the allii,ation iif transmission times, for first orscond or hit single tranrniasilins, can eon

siderahla affcct the viewing listening rates for the

..

47

broadcasts; (2) TV viewing rates are to some ex-tent affected by the number of programs in eachcourse; no similar correlation has been observedbetween listening rate and number of programafor radio broadcasts; (3) most of the variation(80+%) among courses in iyiewingilittening ratesmust be attributed to fc.ctora other than transmis-sion time variation. (' /T)

ED 158 769 IR 006 405Gallagher, MargaretAudio isual Media for TeechIng and Training:

The Contribution of Research,Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England).

Inst. of Educational Technology.Report NoIET-1111Pub Date 71Note-11p.; Paper presented at "Educating the

Trainers" Conference (Keele, England, April1978)

EWIS Prfce MF-S0.53 HC11.67 Pius Postage.DescriptorsCost Effectiveness, Educational

Television, 'Evaluation Criteria, InstnationalDesign, Media Research, Media Selection,TrainingIt is useless to spend time on studies investigat

ing the large broad questions about the effect ofmedia on teaching and learning. Smaller, moredefined, more useful questions to ask are: How

,can we best use given medium for a piece of in-struction? How do the symbolic coding systems of

given medium relate to what a student learnsfrom it' Within a given situation, which mediumis more cost-effective than others? The ways inwhich audiovisual media are used at the OpenUniversity can be classified under five majorcategories: (11 to teach in ways that would other-wise be difficult or impossible; (2) to present eaperiences from life which would otherwise not beavailable; (3) to allow students to develop andpractice intellectual skills; (4) to change students'attitudes; and (5) to guide and organize students'activities and to Deed back the results of learningactivities A major' problem often arises, however,when the tension between expectations aboutgood professional broadcasting and sharppedagogic content or function are dealt with in away which attempts to graft on a plausibleAcademic rationale to a wellestahlished, familiarbroadcasting format. The basic problem, how-ever, is to ensure that what is intended to belearned is learned, and it is in the seeking andfindineof possible solutions to this problem thstresearch can make its major contribution.(Author/VT)

ED 158 770 IR 006 407Bate.r, Tony Gallagher. MargaretImproving the Effectiveness of Open University

Television CaseStudies and Documentaries.Open Univ., Walton, Bietchley, Bucks (England).

Inst of Educational Technology.Report NoIET-77Pub Date 77Note-43p.EDRS Price NIFS0.113 HC52.015 Plus Postage.DescriptorsCase Studies. Course Evaluation,

Documentaries, Educational Television,External Degree Programs, Foreign Countries,'Formative Evaluation, 'Instructional Design.Instructional Improvement, Mediation TheoryIt is argued that students find it di'ficutt to reap

the full potential of television case study pro.grams, and find it particularly difficult to in-tegrate this material with the material containedin correspondence tests The difficulties could beexplained by examining more closely the variousdimensions of a television case study didactic-open-ended, structuredunstructured. activepassire. neutralpolemical. and tntegratcdfreestanding It is suggested that course teams make aconscious decision about what apprnach to take.determined by the extent to which students havedeveloped prior skills in the use of case studymaterial The final aim, however, would be tohave students able to handle a wide variety ofprograms. including those which are open-ended.unstructured, polemical, or free-standing Themain academic justification for television casecti.dies could be 140401,1.1e , of intrinsic contentvalue and or of value in developing learningstrategies Course teams should be more specificand explicit about the Justification or purpose ofcase study programs It may be necessary toadopt a broad reproduction of general broadcasting styles) sty le of production which cornhinesthe best or documentary with the best of teachingpractice ( I

23

ED 159 975 HE 010 428Walsh. Patna% L.An EsploratIon into Reasons for NonEnroIlment

in SUN Courses After Requesting InformationAbout SUN. Working Paper No.. 6 land] Emu.Live Summary No. 6.

University of Mid-America. Lincoln, Nebr.Spons AgencyNational Inst. of Education

(DHEW). Washington, D.C.Pub DateMay 75ContractN1EG75.001Note-43p.: For related documents see HE 010410

HE 010 428Available fromOffice of Public Affairs and Infor-

mation Services, University of MidAmertca. Box12006. Lincoln. Nebraska 68501

EDRS Price MF0.93 HC52.06 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdult Education. Costs. 'Decision

Making. Declining Enrollment. 'Delivery Sys.terns. Educational Demand. Educational Television. 'Enrollment Influences. Higher Education,Institutional Research. Needs Assessment. OpenEducation. Questionnaires. Research Projects,Scheduling. 'Student Application. Student Char-acteristics. Student. Motivation. Surveys. 'Tele-courses. Television Curriculum

Identifiers State University of Nebraska. 0Univer-sity of Slid Anierica NEApproximately 700 questionnaires were mailed,

and :65 Usable responses obtained. in s studs. ofpersons who had inquired about the State Univer-sity of Nebraska (SUN) spring 1975 telecourse of-ferings but who did not enroll. This working paperand executive summary compare the questionnairerespondents to SUN's fall 1975 learner populationin terms of the demographic information requestedon the questionnaire. These comparisons are pre-sented in an effort to examine whether non-enrol-lees have attributes different in the aggregate fromenrollees The demographic information includesage and sex distributions, educational achies ement.marital and family slaw, and job title or dutiesReasons cited for non enrollment include the following. cost of tuition. personal daily schedule. leadtime, cost of instructional kit. nontraerest incourses, and "other" reasons. The non enrollmentquestionnaire is appended. (LBH)

ED 161 396 HE 010 630forgan. Alistair R.

Student Learning in the Open UniversityTheProvision of Diversity In a Distance EducationSystem. AIR Forum Paper 1978,

Pub DateMay 78Note-2Ip.: Paper presented at the annual Associa-

tion for Institutional Research Forum (18th,Houston, Texas. May 21.25, 1979)

EDRS Price NIF0.83 HC51.67 Plus Postage,DescriptorsColiese Students. 'Course Evalua-

don, Educational Accountability'. 'External De-gree Programs, Foreign Countries. HigherEducation, Independent Study. IndividualizedPrograms, Institutional Research. Interviews,Open Enrollment. Research Projects, 'Studer,:Centered Cumculum. Student Interests, StudentOpinion, Student Projects. Student Teacher Rela-tionship. Surveys, Teacher Role

Identifiers 'Open University (Great /imam)Project-based learning for students at the Open

University. Great Britain, was studied through in-terviewing and the administration, of a question.naire. Group discussion interviews were conductedwith approximately :00 students and individual in.tersiews with about 50 part-time tutors who wereresponsibie for the direct face-to-face contact ar-ranged on a local basis. The large amount of timerequired for projects and part:et:la: problems relating to the nature of a projectsased :earning arediscussed The questionnarte was sent at the end ofthe course to a sample of students 14.000) on the 20courses that contatned protect actis:ties The goes-lions were designed to ins estigate the areas high-lighted 0 tne inters:oh data To c:ar:y the:r.ter;..retsticn )(' two were exarr.fined St..der.:e - arse;: .71 cf .es:" -gwere aiso c.`c.:: of the Jegree of st....:ent I, . arc,c::,:ased ievningBoth 'he sit..IS.:1::te srd 7.1%;l3i :heecluzatiors: .1:,;e of a 7-ore st.dent,:entereti a;proach lean::ri through the pross:on of pro:e.::work The weep, ^g of the frame di teacher zon-trol does create prob:ernt. b..ich are oi:t;:ned Pro-jectbased learning pros :des for a do ersits ofstudent study st:ateay to personalize their learningactivities. (SW)

ED162053 CE015040A Handbook. On Dlstance EdUcation, Manchester Monogriphs, 7.Harris, W. J. A.; Williams, J. D. S.Manchester Univ. (England). Dept. of Adult Education.1977 83p,Available from: Publications Secretary, Department of Adult

and Higher Education, University of Manchester. Oxford Road,Manchester. England M13 9PL

EORS Price - MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type! CLASSROOM MATERIAL (050)Geographic Source: EnglandJournal Announcement: RIEAPR79This handbook Is designed to help administrator8. educators.

politicans, and others engaged in distance education who seekto introduce, extend, or improve correspondente education foradults. In the first of six chaPier*C the background andhistory of correspondence study, particularly in Britain andthe United States, are reviewed. Chapter 2 discussesinternational practices, definitions, clients, and sources ofcorrespondence study. Correspondence study is defined as studybased priikirily on printed materials; it is considered a partof education at a distance. Six categories of organizationsemploying distance systems are identified. The third chapterprovides a practical analysis of correspondence teaching and!earning. Chapter 4 discusses the linkage of radio tocorrespondence courses in multi-media systems. Chapter 4focuses on college planning and administration and presents acomprehensive model of a medium-sized correspondence unit orcollege. The final chapter presents an example of distanceeducation in a case study on Thailand. Two appendixes include(1) an excerpt from an article on Pedagogical aims,opportunities, and drawbacks in Thailand and (2) selectedreference materials. (CSS)

Descriptors: Adult Education/ Case Studies/ CollegeAdministration/ Correspondence Study/ Educational Radio/Foreign Countries/ *Home Study/ *Independent Study/Institutional Administration/ Nontraditional Education/ OpenEducation/ Postsecondary Education/ Program Development/Student Characteristics/ Teachers

Identifiers: Africa/ Americas/ Asia/ Europe

trtio706.4 L'o. 611 " e. uail

26

E0162171 CE018827Teaching and Learning at a Distance: The Experience of

Britain's Open University. (Wesbrook Memorial Alumni Lecture),Occasional Papers in Continuing Education, Number 15.

Perry, WalterBritish Columbia Univ., Vancouver, Center for ContinuingEducation.

Mar 1978 23p.; Paper presented at the Frank FairchildWesbrook Memorial Alumni Lectureship Dinner (Vancouver,British Columbia. February 16, 19781

Available from: Centre for Continuing Education; theUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.Canada V6T 1W5 (51.00)

EDRS Price - A001/PC01 Plus Postage.Language; EnglishDocument Type: CONFERENCE PAPER (150)Geographic Source: Canada; British ColumbiaJournal Announcement: RIEAPR79In a speech on the development of formalized s,stems for

distance education, the British Open University ishighlighted. Three themes are addressed: ii) objectives,methods, and evaluation of Great Britain's Open University.(2) examination and comparison of similar institutions inother countries, and (?) development of guidelines forinitiation of similar Institutions. The communicationsexplosion has led to a worldwide trend toward participativedemocracy. First prompted by politicians and them bygovernment, the Open University was designed to give excludedstudents a second chance at higher education. Access was to heeasy, but there would be no compromise on materials oracademic standards. There would be no Qualifications, costswould be reasonable. and education would be taken to students.Radio and television would serve as adjuncts. Since 1971, over120,000 have been admitted, with course success rate beingabout 70-75%. The university has largely achieved itsobjectives, and the Brit sh academic world has accepted thedegree in standard. Succes has led to world interest in thedistance learning concep though foreign countries addressdifferently their needs, opulations, and financing. Oneshared concept is that it is possible and practical to educat,ethrough nontraditional modes. It can he conoluned that; amorilother things, courses must he specifically designed for thetarget population, and one should make use of availahle mashcommunication systems. (CSS)Descriptors: Academic Standards; Access to Education; 'Adult

Education; Adult Programs; Degrees lAcademicl; fducalionalInnovation; Educational Radio; Educational television;External Degree Programs; Foreign Countries;Education; Institutional Characteristics; NontraditionalStudents; *Open Education; Open Enrollment; ProgramDevelopment

Identifiers: Open University (Great Britain)

27

FDinr1774 IROUAROD ,

. Electronic Education: Using Teleconferencing inPostnecondary.0rganizations.

Oblian-len. Robert: Anti OthersInstitute' For the future, Menlo Park, Calif.

Mal 1970 174p,

Sponsoring Agency: EXXON Education Foundation, New York.U

Available from: Institute for the Future. 2740 Sand HillRoad, Menlo Park, California 94025 1R-42, $12.001MPS Price - mroi/Pc07 Plus Postage.language EnglishDocument Type. RESEARCH REPORT (143)Geogaphic Source: U.S.; CaliforniaOnurnal Announcement; RIEJUN7S/1 this study of current and potnniial users of

t'sInconferencIng media in post-.high school settings, more thanSO teleconferencing.- systems in the United States and Canadawere surveyed. Researchers examined' instructional,administrative, student service, and interordanizational usesof teleconferencing in educational organizations ranging fromeniversity extensions and professional associations tocommunity volunteer organizations. The report includesdetailed case studies of 13 existing systems and a comparativennalysig of the characteristics of 46 educational networks.Having explored future uses of these media in light of likelysocietal trends. the Institute's judgment is that the use ofteleconferencing in postsecondary education will continue toinrresso, but at a rate much slower than that Oredictee forearlier educations' technologies. The most promisingpossibilities are in specific areas of instruction, such ascourses that meet requirements for professionalrecertification. The operational guidelines provided include aset of preconditions or prerequisites for implementation ofteleconferencing system to facilitate the start-up process andto identify areas where teleconferencing does not seemAppropr iate. as well as guidelines for effective usage once asystem has been establ ished. (Author/RA0)Descriptors. Community Organizations: Group Activities;

!Huhn.- Fducation; Interaction; 'Man Machine Systems;Profrissinnal Associations; Telecommunications: *Teleconferen-cite,

Identifiers. Audio Teleconferencing: Computer Basedloleron'erecing; Distance Education; Video Teleconferencing

DIALOG Filet: EPIC - 66-82/Aug (Item 12, of 82) User 8645 3sep8:

ED164204# Rc011030Training for Agriculture and Rural Development-1977. FAO

Economic and Social Development Series No. 7.International Labour Organisation. Geneva (Switzerland)..:

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and CulturalOrganization, Paris (France).: United Nations Food andAgriculture Organization, Rome (Italy).

1977 I22p.Available from: UNIPUB. Iric.. Sox 433, Murray Hill Station,

New York, New York 10016Document Not Available from EDRS.language: EnglishDocument Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE (080)Geographic Source: ItalyJournal Announcement: RIEMAY79Government: InternationalFifteen papers on aspects of education and training for

agriculture and deVetopment are contained in thisJournal for 1977. Several deal with the rising need for moredirect participation by the farmers, landless workers,foresters, and fishermen for whom rural education and trainingSystems are designed to supplement traditional types ofinstruction' at institutions of higher learning in efforts toeffect rural development. A theme running throughcontributions to the Journal is the evolution of nonformaleducation and training, extension, distance learning, andother extramural activities, especially those which are aimedat improved prospects for the rural poor. Paper topics are:Development of Agricultural Universities in India; SimulationPractical Training for Future Extension Agents; Training Womenfor Development; Public Administration Training for Relief ofRural Poverty; Irrigation: Using Appropriate Technology; TheGpepational Seminar; Filling the Gap--Supplementary andComplementary Initiatives in Rural Development; Training forDevelopment (pictorial review); Training Rural Craftsmen forDevelopment: Improved Management in Agricultural Education;Radio and Television Courses for Agricultural Education andTraining In Poland: Agriculture and Adult Education; FamilyLife Education; Communication with Farmers in Afghanistan;Training for Wildlife Management, (RS)Descriptors: Adoption (Ideas); Adult Education:

Agricultural Colleges; Agricultural Education; Communication(Thought Transfer): Community Development; Developing Nations:Extension Agents; Extension-Education; Family Life Education;Noriformal Education; Poverty; Public Administration Education;Rural Development; 'Rural Population: Simulation;Telecommunications; Training; Vocational Education; WildlifeManagement; Womens Educat 4on

29

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ED168408

HE011105

The 1980s and

Post-Compulsory Education.

Thomas, William G.

Oct

1978

12p.;

Fourth International

Conference of the

University of,Lancaster

(England. August, 1978)

Available from: Best

copy available

EDR5 Price

- MF0i/PC01 Plus Postage.

Language: English

Document Type: CONFERENCE PAPER

(150): POSITION PAPER

(170)

Geogrephic Source: U.S.;

California

Journal Announcement:

RIEAUG79

Summaries of five keynoteaddresses and proceedingt

of

task

forces

of

aconference

on postcompulsory

education in the

4980s.

attended by educational

theorists and planners

from 30

nations, are presented.

The opening addresi

by Lord Asa Briggs

provided a worldwide

overview of postcompulsory

education. and

Burton

Clark

spoke

about

academic

coordination

of

postcompulsory education.

Urban Dahilof addressed

the topic of

"recurrent education"

and indicated that

sharp distinctions

between secondary

and higher

education would

fade in the

future.

Lord Vaizey

spoke

about

the

subject

matter

of

postcompulsory education

in the comingyears. and Cordon Oaken

suggested

that

the

walls

of elitism of the

universitiess h

removed.

without

diminishing

the quality

to

break

the

barriers between themand other legitimate

inst

itutio

ns.

The

task

forc

e on

post

com

puls

ory

stru

ctur

espr

imar

ilyco

nsid

ered

national.edUcational

systems.

The task force

on education and

the working life

recommended that

post

com

puls

ory

institutions

assume

the

leadership

in

helping

to

solve

socioeconomic

problems' through

new models and research.

and the task

force

on

student

learning considered

the processes and

outcomes of

learning.

The group

on

staff

development

considered

reorganization,

realignment

or

closure

of

postcompulsory

institutions,

changes in student

populations and diminiShing

resources.

The

group

on

media

noted

the

utilization of

television and radiobroadcasting and print

media

byEngland's

Open University

and

the

distance

learning

networks

of

Australia and New

Zealand.

Priorities

of

postcompulsory

education were discussedby the task force

on priorities. (SW)

Descriptors: Articulation

(Education): College

Administrati-

on:. College Planning:

College School Cooperation;

Conference

ReportS:

Coordination:

Educational Cooperation:

Educational

Media; Educational

Objectives; Educational

Rad

ic.1

Educational

Television;

+F

utur

es(of

Society):

Higher

Edu

catio

n:Intercollegiate Cooperation;

Lifelong Learning;

Nontraditio-

nal Education;

Outcomes of Education:

*Postsecondary-Education

: Social Problems; Speeches:

Trend Analysis

Identifiers: OpenUniversity (Great Britain)

- 4

'ED 165 653 HE 030 926Mehndt. JackA Model keginnal Gyve Learning Swim. Final

Report.University of hfidAmerica, Lincoln, Nebr.Spores Agency National Inst. of Education

Washington, D.C.i Pub Date--17 Nov 78

Gram N1E-G.75-0X11Note-511p.Available fromUniversity of MidAroeries, gin.

cola, NebraskaEDRS Prim MFS0.83 HC43.50 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdult Students, Annual Reports,

Collese Administration, Consortia, Cooperative'Programs, C1oriculuto Design, *Curriculum Dovelopment, Delivery Systems, EducationalCoordination, Governance, Higher Education,information Dissemination, institutional Re-search, 'interinstitutional Cooperation, Models,Nonosditional Students, 'Open Education, Re.Ilona! Cooperation, Research Projects, Tele.courses

Identifiers"University of Mid America NEThis 1978 report on the model regional open

learning system of the University of Peticl-Amence(UMA), Lincoln, Nebraska, summarizes the activities of the following program mar course develop.menu, delivery, research and dissemination, andgovernance and administration. Descriptions areprovided of courses in the following stages of dote-lopment: four courses were completed, two coursesberm production, one course was designed, sad fivecourse definition papers were prepared for review..Negotiations were also begun with organisationsoutside the UMA consortium concerning coopers.five course developromit activities. Five delivery ac.tiiities included the sponsorship of fiveconferences/workshops sad participation in oneconference, all concerning open learning. An Listen.sive muuketins campaign of INA course materials,cooperation with other telecourse producers, anddissemination of information about the universitywere accomplished. Generic research activitiesWere directed toward the further development of acooperative research program with faculty membersfrom member institutions. Market research activi-ties concerned student characteristics, potential ant-dents, demand for nontraditional services, andoptimal conditions under which course adoptionsmight be secured. Governance and administrativeactivities included appointment of the first full-timepresident, meeting the special terms and conditionsof the pant award, and acquisition of an in-housecomputer and word processing system. Fundingproposals were prepared and submitted, the Japanstudies course package was introduced, and twonew universities were admitted into the consortium.(SW)

ED 169 99 IR 007 205Timm= Jame AL .

Meetive Edamtiosial Radice As Approach bAredycles rograms.

14eaubtmetts Unlv, Amherst. Center for Interns.dons! Education.

rob Date-71Note-36p.Available funnCentes for International Educa-

tion, Hills House South, University of Maus-cbusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (52.50pa copy)

Pcb Type Guides NonClassroom (055)MRS Price ?AM Plus Postage. PC Not *yaw

Ye from EDRS.DescriptorsActing, Audiences. 'Educational Ra

die, Narration, Production Techniques, Pro.Vim Design, Programing (Broadcast), TalentUtilisationThis overview of current trends in radio program

dams presents program characteristics whichshould be considered in the design and productionof educational radio programs. A variety of destrip-sm terms are presented and defined as programnrahles which can be manipulated to create adesired effect For each tern presented a diagnosticqcnion is proposed, attempting to stimulate pro-ducat to inquire about why a given program sue-

falis. General guidelines are outlined, thele of speakers is discussed, effective studio tech-Lents am defined, and a pedagogical base for pro-Purt design is presented. (R.AO)

. ED 169 920 1R 007 206Middleton. Marino A.Evaluation of the Satellite TeleEduestioo Project

tS.T.E.P.) in British Columbia.British Columbia Dept. of Education, Victoria.Pub DateFeb 711Note-74p.; Not available in hard copy due to mar.

ginal legibility of original documentPub Type Reports - Descriptive (141) Reports

Evaluative (142)EDRS Price MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Mails.

ble from EDRS.Descriptors"Communication Satellites, Eyeing.

Lion Criteria, Formative Evaluation, lotenielveQuestionnaires, Telecommmication

IdentifiersDistatice EducationThis report of a formative evaluation of S.T.E.P.

provides a description of the data gathering instru-ments for this coulti.disciplinetnultiaudience projest, an explanation of the muhiattribute utilitymeasurement format, and a discussion of the im-plementation procedures used. Data were collected

questionnaires, interviews, and so ecodotal notes.Examples of these questionnaires are given in alepee& A, while comments and recommendations,objectives, and results of the utility assessment atrecommendations are.apotained is appendices 3through E. (RAO)

ED 169 922 IR 007 209Stakenat. Robert a Keufnwn. RogerCorti and Effectiveness' of Teclusologiad Applice./tioas is Education: A Uteranue Retie..

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Educa-tional Development and Evaluation.

SpansTallah

Agencyassee. Florida State Board of Regents,,Pub DateIan 77Note-90p.; Florida School Finance Study; Forrelated documents, see IR 007 209-213Pub Type Information Analysis (070)EDRS Price MFOI/P004 Plus Portage,DescriptorsComputer Assisted Instruction, Cost

Effectiveness, Educational Development, Edo.rational Radio, 'EducationalTechnology, Educe.-.dotal Television, 'Instructional Design.'Intertnode Differences, Program Costa, Pro-gamed Instruction, Systems ApproachThis study exploring ways in which educationaltechnology might be used to provide better schoolsfor less money focuses on technological applicationsutilizing instructional radio, instructional television,computer.asststed instruction: computernanasedinstruction, and programmed instruction. Based ona review of the literature on the cons and effectiveseas of technological applications in education, itwas concluded that technological applications (ashard technology) provide useful alternatives to"teacher delivered" instruction, but there is little orno evidence that such alternatives can greatlyreduce costs in and of themselves. Present findingsauggest that technological applications such as com-puters and television are solutions to only a limitedset of problems. Educational technology (as softtechnology) as a problem solving and planning proc-ess appears to bold more potential for achievingbetter schools for less money. This is the first in aaeries of three reports; the second and third present"future" scenarios on cost reduction for gradesK-12, and in higher education. (Author/RAO)

31

ED 169 923inokerias. Robert a Kaufman. &fera!

007210

Educational Technology and Cart Peduetioe isHigher Education: Five Alternative Futures.

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Educe-tional Development and Evaluation.

Sports AgencyFlotida State Board of Regents,Tallahassee.

Pub DateAug 77Note- 149p.; Florida School Finance Study; For

related documents, see IR 007 209-213 ; Bestcopy available

Pub Type Opinion Papers (120)EDRS Price W01/PC06 Plea Portage,DescriptorsAudiovisual Aids, Computer Assisted

instruction, Cost Effectiveness, "Educational Tra.nonce, 'Educational Technology, EducationalTelevision, 'Futures (of Society), frigher Educe-tin, "Instructional Media, Problem Solving, RA.source Allocations

Identifiers -- Florid.Scenarios depicting both positive and negative

ternative futures were prepared to serve as a sourceof ideas in this study ofways to improve educationwith less money. Included in this third volume sre(1) a disaster scenario based on piecemeal, reactivesolutions; (2) a scenario tossed on applications of"big media "; (3) a scenario based on individualizedinstruction using "little media"; (4) a disaster fornario based on applying instructional hardwarewithout adequate pla*.ming: and (5) a "success" sce-nario based on rational problem solving and the de.sign processes of technology. Scenario preparationesi to the identification of questions which shouldbe addressed: Can higher education be made effi-cient and effective without a reassessment of Itsgoals? Can higher education be improved if it isviewed as a teaching process? How can we deter-mine whether higher education is as effective as itshould be? Is it possible to bring about chaise ishigher education? Parameters which can be variedto alter costs were also leaning& The rust report inthis series of three consists of a literature review atthe costs and effectiveness of educational tech-\/ poky, and the second presents five scenarios ofalternative futures in midge K12. (Author/RAO)sEDsalem.169 9,240bity RoserIAR 007 211

K= Edecetional Techeolsio and Bask Edam-ties In Florida: Seeaaries for Mee AlternativePaters

'Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Ednadone! Development and Evaluation.

Scions Agency Florida State Board of Regents,Tallahesaes.

Pub Date..1ul 77Note- 162p.; Florida School Finance Study; For

related documents, see IR 007 209.211Pub Type Opinion Papers (120)EDRS Price MPOI/P037 Phi Portage.DescriptorsAudiovisual Aids, Computer Assisted

Instruction, 'Cost Effectiveness, 'Educational Fi-nance, 'Educational Technology, EducationalTelevision, 'Elementary Secondary Education,Futures (of Society), 'Instructional Media, hob-hero Solving, Resource AllocationsScenarios depicting both positive and negative al.

'emotive futures were prepared to serve as a sourceof ideas in this study of ways to achieve betterschools for less money. Included are (1) a disasterscenario based on piecemeal, reactive solutions; (7)a scenario based on applications of "big media"; (3)a scenario based on individualised instruction using"little media"; (4) a "history" of technoioxy failuresin education; and (5) a "success" scenario based onrational problem solving and the design processes ofeducational technology. Scenario preparation led tothe identification of questions which should be ad.dressed: Can schooling be made efficient and effec-tive without an assessment of goals? Can educationbe improved if it is viewed as a teaching process?How can we determine whether schooling is as et-fectise as it should be? is it possible to bring shoutchange in the schools? Parameters which can bevaried to alter educational costs were also identi-fied. This is the second in a series of three reports;the first provides a review of the literature on thecoats sod efTe.:tiveness of educational technology,and the thud presents Bye scenarios on cost regliue-don in higher education. (Author/RAO)

:6s:"1

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DIALOG Filet: ERIC - 66-82/Aug (Item

68 of

82) User 8645. :Ism,

(0170549

CE020733

The

System of

Distance

Education.

Papers

to

the ICCE

International Conference (10th. Brighton,

Great Britain.

May

12-1G. 1975).

Ljosa. Erling, Ed.

International Council on Correspondence Education.

16 May 1975

248p.; For a related document

see CE 020 734

EDRS Price - MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not

Available from EDRS.

Language: English

Document Type:

CONFERENCE PAPER (150):

(1411: RESEARCH REPORT (143)

Geographic Source: United Kingdom; Great Britain

Journal Announcement: RIEOCT79

This report contains forty papers

presented' at

the

tenth

international

conference

of

the

International

Council

on

Correspondence Education. The conference

theme is described as

one analyzing educational and administrative

Sub-systems

and

components.

with reference to their purposes.

significance.

characteristics.

interrelationship,

and cost

effectiveness.

Also addressed are the implications

of these functions for the

evaluation

of

distance education programs

with respect to

information. counseling.

student

activities.

and

two-way

communication

and.

on

the

other

hand,

marketing

and

management.

Papers in the first of four sections

explore

the

'ystem of 'distance. edUcatiOn.

For example.

Renee F.

Erdos

describes "The

System

of

Distance

Education

in

Terms

of

Sub-Systems' and Characteristic Functions."

Section 2 focuties

oc1 the modet.of

teaching

in

distance

education.

Asample

offering

from

this

section

is

John

Cain's

"Mass

Media--EdUcitional Television

and Radio."

Section

3reviews

distance education and the open learning

trend;

for example,

one selectitrIlby Paul Chang Min Phang dealswith "Planning and

Administering a University Off-Campus

Academic Programme in

aPlural Society.' In the final section

student service. student

activity.

:and

two -way` communication

are

examined.

For

instance,

In this

section David

M.

Young

discusses

the

"CharacteriStics

of

Informative

Publicity

Material and the

Pre-Enrolment Correspondence." (CSS)

Descriptors:

*Access

to

Education;

Adult

Education;

Communication

(Thought'

Transfer):

Conference

Reports:

Correspondence

Study:

Curriculum Development;

Developed

Nations;

;Developing

Nations;

Educational

Development:

Educational' finance: Educational Radio;

Educational Research;

Educational

Television;

External

Degree

Programs;

Higher

Education: Information Dissemination; Media

Selection: Models;

*Nontraditional

Education;

*Open

Education;

Opinions:

Postsecondary

Education:

Program

Descriptions:

Program

Development;

Student School Relationship;

Teacher Education;

*Teaching Methods; Telephone Instruction

Identifiers: *Distance Education

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

DIAlOG Filet: ERIC.- 60.82/Aug (item 66 of .82).User 8645 3

ED174096 HE011437Attrition-Completion Study in an Open University. AIR Forum

1979 Paper.Hammer. P.; Smith, W. A. S.May 1979 35r.: Paper preRented at the Annual Forum of the

Association for Institutional .Research (19th, San Diego,California. May 13-17. 1979)

EDRS Price - mFoi/Pco2 Plus Pottage,Language: EnglishDocument Type: CONFERENCE PAPER (150); RESEARCH REPORT (143)Geographic Source: Canada; AlbertaJournal Announcement: RIEDEC79Attrition and completion was studied at an open university,

the Athabasca University in Canada. The multiple-choice andopen-ended questionnaire asked students to indicate why theywithdrew or completed the course and to specify ihe conditionsunder which they could pursue their studies. Of the 58questionnaires mailed, 55 percent of the withdrawalquestionnaires and 86 percent of the completion questionnaireswere returned. Six areas 'that may have policy implicationsare: pacing/timeline restrictions on student progress, rangeof advanced course offerings, credit - noncredit Options, courseimprovementik,' stop-out students, and open admissions. Aliterature review on variables related to attrition orcompletion and on attrition or completion variables indistance education is provided. The following terms aredefined and discussed: nonstart, pirsister, suspension.extension, completion, transfer, graduation, withdrawal,attrition; dropout- ;--and attrition rate. (SW)

. Descriptors: *Attendance Patterns; College Attendance;*College Students; Conference Reports; Dropout Attitudes;*Dropout Characteristics; Foreign Countries; Higher Education:*Institutional Research; *Open Education; *School. HoldingPower; Student Attitudes

Identifiers: *AIR Forum 1979

ED170550 CE020734The System of Distance Education - Vol 2: Proceedings Papers

to the ICCE International Conference (10th. Brighton, GreatBritain, May 12 -15, 1975).

Granholm. Gunnar W., Ed.International Council on Correspondence Education.1976 121p.; For a related document see CE 020 733EDRS Price - MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.Language: EnglishDocument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141); RESEARCH REPORT

(143): CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (021)..._Geographic.Sourcej_Unitedyjngdom;preat Britain

Journal Announcement: RIEOCT79This book contains four sections of supplementary papers

contributed to the tenth international conference of the

International Council on Correspondence Education (ICCE); the

minutes of the 1CCE business section; four chapters dealingwith the main conference sub-themes; general conference andICCE information; and the present ICCE constitution. Fourteensupplementary conference papers are grouped among four areas;

(1) the system of distance education; (2) modes of teaching indistance education; (3) distance education and the openlearning trend; and (4) student services, student activity.and two-way communication. (CSS)

Descriptors: 'Access to Education; Adult Education;Communication (Thought Transferl; Conference Reports:'Correspondence Study; Developed Nations; Devclopin9 Nations:Educational Development; Educational Research: ExternalDegree ProgramS; Higher Education: Media Selection;

Nontraditional Education; Open Education:Postsecondary Education; Program hescriptionS: ProgramDevelopment; Student Evaluation; Teacher Education; learningMethods

Identifiers: *Distance Education

33

vows.

Lee taikE

ED 175447 IR007614Mission of the Future. Proceedings of the Annual Convention

of the Association for the Development of Computer-Based

Instructional Systems. Volume I: General Session Papers andProject Reports San Diego, California, February 27 to March

1, 19791.Association . for the Development of Computer-based

Instructional Systems..

Mar 1979 332p.; Legibility varies; For related documents,nee IR 007 614-616

AVnilable from: Western Washington University, Bellingham,WaShinqton 9H225 (3 Volumes, $30.00)

FDRS Price - MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.'language. EnglishDocument Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (021)Geographic Source: U.S.; CaliforniaJournal Announcement: RIEJAN80inn first of three volumes of papers presented at the 1979

ADCIS convention, this collection includes most of the 30

papers presented at the general session and 34 project

reports. The general session opened with seven papers onvarious aspects of videodisc technology and five papers

describing phases in the life of CRE sites. The remainingpiesentations were concerned with a variety of topics, such as

the, use of a speech synthesizer with CRT, intelligent

instruction systems, learning theory, evaluation, trainingtencheis and administrators in computer applications, learner

Interaction in CAI, course developMent, authoring, and theapplication of bibliographic information retrieval techniques

to cm: materials; 1 report on the development andimplementation of CICERO at the Open University for distance

leaninu is included. Projects described in brief renotsinclude a university educational technology center,

simulations for medical training, business applications.providing feedback in very large classes, CAI for the 'deaf.

and CAI at several educational levels. Some papers includebrief bibliographies. (RAO)

Descriptors: Computer Assisted Instruction; Computer

Manacled Instruction; Conference Reports; Educational

1Pchnology; Elementary Secondary Education; Interaction;

learning Theories; Man Machine Systems; Medical Education;Minicomputers; Models: Postsecondary Education; Simulation:*Videodisc Recordings

Identifiers. BASIC Programing Language; COBOL Programing

inhounne: PLATO

z

34

DIALOG Filet: ERIC - 66-82/Aug (Item 62 of .821 User 8645 3sep82

ED 183034 HE011967The Universidad Nacional Abierta of Venezuela, A Case Study

in Distance Learning Systems.Friedman, H. Z.

Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England).Nov 1978 34p.; For related documents see HE 011 968, HE

012 015 ; Prepared at the ,Centre for International Cooperationand Services.

EDRS Price - MFO1 /PCO2 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Geographic Source: United Kingdom; EnglandJournal Announcement: RIEJUL80A brief description ofthe country of Venezuela (geography,

population, economy, internal communications, and politics)and its educational. system introduce a description of theUniversidad Nacional Abierta (UNA). The UNA was opened in July1978 to expand the'inatiOnal 'system of higher education by theuse of distance learning techniques. These elements of theinstitution's history and operations are outlined and brieflydescribed: origins Nn history and legislation; intendedclientele; curriculum plan; course distribution; studentadmission, registration, and records; regional resourcecenters and facilities; student examinations; administrationand organization (including governance, policy formation,academic units, financial control, and educational research);staff; and budget. Appended are maps of populationdistribution in the country and the proposed regional networkof the university, and charts Mustrating the course andcredit structure and the management structure. (MSE1Descriptors: Access to Education; Admission (School);

Budgets: Case Studies; College Administration; Curriculum;'Developing Nations; Educational History; Educational Research

Extension Education; 'External Degree Programs; ForeignCountries: Geographic Distribution; Governance; HigherEducation; Postsecondary Education; Rural Areas; 'StateUniversities; Student Evaluation

Identifiers: 'Open University (Great Britain); UniversidadNacional Abierto of Venezuela; Venezuela

3'

ED ITS SIM RC 011 386Foshet Jane &P.A.S.S. Proemial (Portable Assisted Study Se.

quince).Pother Unified School District, Calif. .

Sports AgencyCalifornia Stu* Dept. of Eduganon. Sacramento. Bureau of Community Servicesand Migrant Education.

Pub Date '3Note-21p.Pub Type Reports . Descriptive (141) Guides

NonClassroorn (055)EDRS Price MF011P031 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAcademic Records, Bilingual Educes

tion, 'Correspondence Courses, CorrespondenceStudy, Course Organization, `Credits, English in.struction, Enrollment, Extension Education,Graduetirin Requirements, High School Stu.dents, Mivant Education, *Migrant You.h. onEnglish Speaking, School Districts, SecondaryEducation, Unit Plan

Identifiers California, PASS Program, PortableAssisted Study Sequence ProgramMotivated migrant students can accumulate some

credits necessary for high school graduation via thePortable Assisted Study Sequence (PASS) Programof correspondence courses. Migrant students enrolled in any high school district In California mayalso enroll in a PASS course to make up creditdeficiencies in reading, English. speech, generalmath, algebra. U.S, history, Mexican American his.tory, American government, general science, outdoor study, and work experience. Students maycontinue to work through Puller and accumulatecredits as they migrate throughout the state, Theadapted curriculum follows the approved and sccredited course of study. Courses are organized intounits; partial credit is given for unit completion.

V Some courses are bilingual (Spanish and English)and others have bilingual instructions to aid the limited English speaking student. Certified counflore or teachers serving as contact persons for theprogram enroll students in PASS by completing andsubmitting a Student Learning Plan, a PASS Enron.ment Form for a selected course, and Migrant Stu.dent Record Transfer System forms (copiesincluded). Course materials are sent to the studentvia the contact person who administers the courselocally (SB)

ED 176 121 CE 022 798GI BID Benefits for Flight and Correspondence

Training Should Be Discontinued. Report by theComptroller General of the Valted SLIM.

Comptroller General of the U.S.. Washington, D,C.Sports AgencyCongress of the U.S., Washington,

D.C. Senate Committee on Veteran's Affairs.Pub Date-21 Aug 79Note-11p.; Some of the appendix pages will not

reproduce well due to small printAvailable fromU.S. General Accounting Office,

Distribution Section. Room 1518, 441 G Street,

.1LW. Washington: D.C..20511 .(One copy....frse;Additions! copies 81.00 each)

Pub Type Reports Evaluative (142)EDRS Price MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage.DescriptorsCorrespondene Cog:ses. 'Federal

Aid, 'Flight Training, lob Pls.:ea:ern, lob Train.:cg, Program E'.aluation, Vete:ans Education

IdentifiersGeneral Accounting Office. 'VeteransAdministrationAt the request of the Senate Committee on Vete.

ram's Affairs, the General Accounting Office(GAO) surveyed a representative sample of veer.was who had completed flight training or corre-spondence courses within the last rive years todetermine whether their full time occupations wererelated to the training they had received. TheGAO's review showed that only about 16 percent offlighttrsined veterans and 34 percent of correspondence trained veterans' have full time jobsrela:ed directly to their training. Also found wasthat the employment survey reports submitted tothe Veteran's Administration (l A) by vocationaltechnical schools do not show whether most veter-

arts obtained training related employment or towhat extent such employment represent.s the vete.ran's prary vocational pursuit and ma;or source .)r

occupational income Based on the findings. theGAO s.p.ported the proposedby the VA :o term:nate GI bill benefits for right andcorrespondence training UN)

. . .

ED 177 296 ". CE 020 440Thornton, Robert Mitekeil late ."Courcullag the Distance learners A Survey of

Trends and Literature.Adelaide Univ. (Australia),Pub DateSep 7$

.

Note.-37p.; Research sponsored by greets from the

South Australian GovernmentAvailable fromAdelaide College of the Arts and

Education, 46 Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SouthAustralia. Australia 5000 ($5.00; $3.50 for five or

more)Pub Type Information Analyses (070)EDRS Prim IKFIII/PCO2 Plus Postage. 0*.

Descriptors AdWt Counseling, Adult Education,Correspondence Study, Cali:Iselin', CounselingServices, 'Educational Counseling, EducationalTechnology, Extension Education, Esternal DeCNC Programs, Nontraditional Students, OpenEducation, Outreach Programs, Research Needs,

Student WedsFrom the sherse.-,cdve of counseling the distance

learner, this paper explores trends in literaturewhich might reflect increased awareneu of theneeds of the nottraditional student and the nub.Oahe:wet and mobilization of resources to meetthose needs.11 is noted that comparatively little hasbeen written in this specialised field so that a majorpurpose Is so provide focus for further work. Theneed for counseling for nontraelitional students isdocumented la the contest ofworldwide expansionof nontraditional programs. Educational broker.lag-Independent harm& consultants functioningas intermediaries between diverse groups of atii.dents and the vast array of learning resources intheir community-is highlighted as to encouragingcomponent of any open education system. It is post.ulnae ka..4 gal need for counseling and informationamong nowtraaliimal hareem is greatest at the besimian of their stzdy and that higher withdraws'rues among exSanal students as compared to into*sal ones may be largely due to need for cousuallag.Fenn Wpm of communication technology for dia.tanoe loimselin, are examined: correspondencecounseling, audsoassette counseling, telephonecounseling (five methods), and facotoface counsel.lag (three ways). Issues are also raised with regardto counseling theseadginisjuthr who work with dilanes itudeista.-Ceirsilustons point up need for laves.tigation of needs of nontriditional students,independent counseling services, training of special.

ED 177 830 EC 121 599Independent Study Projects Guide. Talented and

Gifted Students, Number 2.Alice Independent School District, Tex,Pub DateAug 77Note- 326p.; For related information, tee EC 121

598. Best copy availablePub Type Guides Classroom Learner (051)EDRS Price 14F01/PO4 Plus Postage.DescriptorsArt, An Activities, Drama, English,

Gifted, Independent Study, I.eanung Activa-

-tiesr-Mathentatict-Music,-Sciences-leciandaryEducation, Social Studies, Talented StudentVocational EducationIntended for secondary student use in the Tel

ented and Gifted Students Program, the guide listsindependent study Activities in eight areas. It is esplsined that areas not usually covered in traditionalcourses of study are included to encourage tndepthand open ended exploration of special interevs, andthat the projects focus on enhancing higher cognirive precesses-analysis. synthesis, and evaluationInformation on time required, performance objec-tives, learner outcomes, and grade level is listedalong with a description of the activities and re-source suggestions for the following eight Was(sample activities in parentheses) art (free formsculpture, ceramics, relief collage); English(genealogy, science fiction, creative writing. use of

reference materials); drama (period costuraingsound and light): mathemati-s (geometric designs in

homes. stock market. the computer), music (recordins tech:11:1.1es madrigal mars caustics), science(metric s: stern. s o'.canoes. salt asdarterro, so.c:al AtUC:ec ( genealogy, curren e% ems. lob opportdrosies us law enforcement), and vocati:na:educstion (computer use. roorr decors:ion, self detense. marriage. home repair sersice) (CL)

36

ED 177 922 HE 010 530Saehsennseier, PeterCorrespondence Courses: A Guide for Aethors of

Coarse Units. A Report of Some Experieacee sadPractices at the Open University,

German Foundation for International Develop.meat, Bonn (West Germany), Education, Scienceand Documentation Div.

Pub DateJun 7$Note-15p.Available fromGerman Foundation for Interns.

tionai Development, Education and ScienceBranch, Sinarocksu. 1. 5300 Bonn, West Ger--many

Pub Type Guides Non.aassroom (055)EDRS Price hfF01/PC01 Plus Portage.DescriptorsAuthors, Consultants, Correspond.

cote Courses. Curriculum Development. Cur-riculum Guides, Foreign Countries, 'Guidelines,Higher Education, Publication:, Textbook

. Content. Textbook PreparationIdentifiers--Kenys, Open University (Great Brit.

ain)A guide for authors of correspondence course

units is presented to aid staff and consultants whowill develop a correspondence cum residentialcourse in curriculum development at the Kenya In-stitute of Education. The guidris based on observa-

tions at the Open University at MAW Keynes. Thefollowing areas are considered: the cootn'oution ofconsultants, the length and level of the correspond-tate test, objectives of the text, acdvities sad self.assessment questions within the text, types ofreadings specified in correspondence texts, tutormarked assignments and final examinations. andstages of production of course units at the Opentniversity. The following stages of production are

described: synopsis, draft I, draft II, faculty editing,developments) testing, external assessment. draftM. faculty editing, and handover. Additional mat.ten include galley proofs, deadlines, text referecopyright issues, illustrations, and format and style.copyright

ED 177 924 HE 011 092Taylor. John AlThe Open University Is for Yoe.Pub Date-1791Note-37p.Pub Type Reports Descriptive 011)EDRS Price MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage.DescriptorsCollege Cooperation, College Cup

riculum, Curriculum Development, ExternalDegree Programs, Higher Education. IndePendeat Study, Instructional Innovation, *Instruc-tional Materials, International EducationalExchange, Pilot ?rejects, Technology Transfer

IdentifiersOpen Uni:ersity (Great Britain),Southern Illinois University Edwardsvilleimplementation of Open Uuiveniry courses frost

Great Britain into the Southern Illinois Universityat Edwudsville system is described. The followingaspects of the program in general and of implemen-tation are discussed: the method by which OpenUhiversity-cannes-offer-education W _students:_theproblem of selecting among Open Universitycourses the specific courses for pilot implementa.tion at an American university; and mons_ by whichOpen University courses may be mate interlockwith each other and also with conventional pro-s:runs. Two important technical matters are the sum

of initial send moriky required for beginning OpenUniversity work and the way in which Open Uni.verity sources might be guided through the processof approval for academic credit at an existingAmerican university. An office will have to be es-tablished for Open University purposes, and sou.

dents will have to be selected, recruited, admitted,and processed An additional requirement is naffuag

the program. (SW) .

177 925 HE 011 093Courses for Associate Students, Prospectus 1979..

The Open Uolversity,Open Univ., Walton, aletchley, Bucks (England).Pub Date--78Note --gip.Available born The Open University, Walton,

Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA. EnglandPub Type Reports Descriptive (141) Refer

ence Materials Directories /Catalog (137)EDRS Price MT01/P004 Pins Postage.DescriptorsAssociate Degrees, Catnlogs, Col.

lege Curriculum. College Students, Correspond.vice Study, Educational Counseling, ExternalDegree Programs, Foreign Countries, Guides,Higher Education, Home Study, Program Guides.Telecourse, Undergraduate Study

Identifiers Open University (Great Britain)A guide of the associs?.; srmiont program at the

Open University in Enslar. cescribes the system bfstudy, 1979 courses, coma twity education courses,future plans, relationship oetween the undergradtate end associate student program, and the higherdegree program. Information is provided on corre-spondence material, radio and television broadcasts,set books and background reading, tuition andcounseling, Luis:in:cot and examinations, summerschools, home experiment kW, the advisory servicefor applicants, and types of certification open toassociate students. Courses for 1979 are describedand are divided into the following sections: inset-vice education of teachers, health and social wet.fare, other courses developed in the post experiencecourse unit, and courses drawn from the under.graduate program. The community educationcourses last between 8 and 14 weeks and the levelof demand differs.kom other course offerings. (SW)

ED 177 926 HE 011 094Guide for Applicant' for 1980 BA Degree Courses.

The Open Lelventity,Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England).Pub Date-78Note -5$p.Available frornThe Opeo University, Walton,

Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA. EnglandPub Type Reports Descriptive (141) Refer-

ence Materials Directories/Cata/ou (132)EDRS Price MF131/PC133 Plus Postage.Descriptors -- 'Bachelor, Degrees, Catalogs, Col.

lege Admission, Collese Curriculum, CollegeFreshmen, Correspondence Study, EducationalCounseling, External Degree Programs, ForeignCountries, Guides, Higher Education, HomeStudy, Program Guides, Student Application,Undergraduate Study -

IdentifiersOpen University (Great Britain)A guide for applicants for 1980 B.A. degree

:courses at the Open University in England describes.what the university provides, courses in the B.A.degree program, and bow to apply. For the studentwho is uncertain of what he wants to study, theintroduction provides a brief guide to other study

'opportunities. Information is given on the associatestudent program and higher degrees as well as theB.A. pprogram. The 'yam of study at home, corm-spon ence material, set books and background

, on

c..

ED 176 OnGloss RonaldThe Lifelong Learner,Pub Date-77Note-190p.Available fromSimon and Schuster, 1230 Avenue

of the Americas, New York, NY 10020 (59.95)Pub Type Books (010)Document Not Available from LDR&DescripronAdult Development, Adult Learn-

ing, Adult Students, Case Studies, ContinuationEducation, Continuous Learning, DiscoveryLearning. Educational Philosophy, ExperientialLearning. External Degree Programs, Independ-ent Reading, Independent Study, IndividualStudy, Open Education

IdentifiersLifelong Learning, NontraditionalEducationDesigned to provide a general guide and stimuli

for lifelong learning, this bookexamines all the posi-tive factors of independent study. Lifelong learningis defined as self-directed growth free from the traditional schooling procedures. Chapters discuss thefollowing: the lifelong learner; profiles of such learn-e rs in action; how to be selfdirected; how to learn;the "Invisible University": and what basic books toread to start a learning experience. Presented arecase studies of such typical people as Tillie Lewis.who learned to grow pomodoro tomatoes in Cali.fertile when most thought it impossible, to famousselftaught individuals like Malcolm X, who ac-quired his education while serving time in the Nor-folk Prison Colony. The Invisible University is aterm constructed by the author to represent thewealth of new and informal arenas for learning:learning exchanges, educational brokers, networksof amateur scholars, libraries, television and manyothers. Self-education is promoted not only for theindividual benefit: but also for the social implica-tions of creating a society of free, lifelong learners.A basic bookshelf Litt is given to help the individualbecome acquainted with the possibilhies withineach person to become an independent learner. Ineluded are such books as: Gail Sheehy's "Passages;Predictable Crises of Adult Life" (1976); Ari Kiev's"A Strategy for Daily Living" (1973); AllenTough's "The Adult's Learning Projects" (1971);and Carlos Castaneda's "The Teachings of DonJuan" (1969). (LC)

HE 011 926

ED 180 021 CS 502 731Hughes. GeoffreyTeletext-Primers Eli Brother. tPub DateSep 79NoteI2p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meet.

ing of the International Institute of Communica-tions (London, England. September 9.13, 1979)

Pub Type Speeche.s/Meeting Papers (150) Re.ports - Descriptive (141)

EDRS Price MPH Plus Postage. PC Not Availa-ble from EDRS.

DescriptorsCommunications, Delivery Systems,Foreign Countries, Information Services, 'Infor.mation Sources, Information Statue. Inform&Lion Utilization, Media Technology,Telecommunication, 'Telephone Comenunicaon ystems, e e on

reading radio and television stud centers tuitionand-co-anseting. assignmentr and esarainatinns, andsummer schools are described. Information is alsoprovided on the advisory service for applicants,preparatory study, stud: techniques. language andmathematical skills, and special study difficulties. Inaddition to a fun list of courses in the B.A. degreeprogram, firstyea courses are described. Instruc-tions on application and registration and fees andfinancial assistance are included. (SW)

ti S °T 1 visi______1dentifierAdvertising,_*GreatBritaio,°Teletext

SystemPrestel, Oracle, and Cedes are telephone based

video text systems currently in use in Great Britain.

re-yrl. re r,3I* I t 1)-10

Rather than being considered as competitors, theyshould be viewed as complementary media withseparate ?unctions based on their differences. Alluse home television sets to receive information toprint, and all .broadenston spare"! lines in thevertical inte7Val, or space between the:pictures.Prestel is an interactive system in which viewers cansend messages to a computer and interact with thesystem. After viewing a table of coWesvErican request specific pages from the computer. hos-tel has the capacity to carry hundreds of pagesdedicated to special inforrnauon needs of consumers.such as a specific sector of in'IllttryrOrscle-InidCeefaa are teletext systems sponsored by ITV andBBC, respectively, in which the viewer can onlyinteract with the receiver and must wait for the pagewanted to come around on the cycle. ,k_hundrsdpage cycle now takes about 22 seconds; improvemenrciriFeess time u planned. is now abroadcast service with no charge that provides entertatnment pages and television related informa-tion such as serial updates, film reviews, andprogram listings. Future possibilities ,or the teletextsystems include supporting television villa advertis-ing. subtitling. regionalization of services, and in-creased telesoftware programs. NICK

Carielk RkkardSE 029 661ED 180 818

An Analysts of The Spent Pending is Pr*rammed Instruction.

Pub Date--(77)Note-1p,Pub Type Reports Research (143)EDRS Pries MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.DescriptorsCollege Mathematics, Content

Reading, Higher Education, Independent Read-ing. Mathematics Instruction, Probability, °Pro-gramed Instruction, 'Programed Materials,Programed Texts, Reading Materials, RudingRate, TextbooksSixty undermiduates were given one of five We

vuorned mitheniaties texts. The texts were eithercompletely programmed, programmed only forddbnitions, programmed only for calculations, puspawned only for conceptual information. or notprogrammed at all 'Tune =pen) reading each sectionof the,eighttmit text was recorded and a 24-querdon posttest was administered. The results showedthat although programming increased the timespent reading the programmed sections, it did notenhance poshest performance on the material inthose sections. An explanation of programmed ilastruction based on a simple tImespent model Is die.cussed. (Author/MK)

ED 381 890 IR 007 958Parker, Lunt A.. Comp /Gerona'''. Reny. Comp.The Status of the Telephone in Education. Annual

International Communications Conference

(2nd).Wisconsin Univ,, Madison. Center for Interactive

ProgramsPub Date 76Note-230p.; Legibility varies; For related dant,

menu, see 18007 951.962Available from--Center for Interactive Programs,

t's713.05CoTservatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706

Pt bType Collected Works - Proceedings (021)Reports Descriptive (141) Reports Research

(143)EDRS Price MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Aug

ble from EDRS.Descriptors...Cue Studies, Diagrams. Dial Access

Information Systems, Educational Technology,

Higher Education, Information Networks.

*Teleconferencing, Telecourse'. TelephoneCommunication SystemsThis report of a conference on the use of tele-

phone technology in education includes 43 paperswhich deal with such areas as the use of the tele-

phone in teleconferencing. designing teleconferene-

ins rrograms, staff meetings. health professional

cent nuing education, telecourses.comenunicatonand information networks, tutoring. partyline edu-cation, dial access information systems, and several

case studies. (CMV)

ED 183 893 IR 007 959Jerks,. Low A.. Comp Rircomlni. Betsy, CompThe Telephone in Eduction. Rook 17. Annual

1etenational Communications Conference(3rd).

--Wisconsin Univ., Medium. Center for InteractivePrograms.

Pub Date-77Note-- 204p.; Legibility varies; For related docu-

ments, see IR 007 956.962Available fromCenter for Interactive Programs,

975 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI $3706(515.00)

Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141) Reports- Research (143) Collected Works Proceedin=s (021)

EMS Price MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Availa-ble from EDRS.

DescriptorsCase Studies, Communication Satel-lites, Diagrams. Diffinion, Educational Tech-notary, Higher Elucation, InformationNetworks, Media Research, Telecommunication,Teleconferencing, Telecourse', TelephoneCommunication SystemsThis report of a conference on the use of tele.

phone technology in education includes 33 paperswhich deal with such areas as the use of the tele-phone in the administration of a telephone networkor conference system, support services, programevaluation in telecommunication, program plan-ning, teleconferencing, computer control of telecon-ferencing, agricultural extension programs,professionsl continuing education, teleconferencingin the Public Service Commission, experiments inCanada with the eommunicasions technology satel-lite, telecourses, instructional design, and innovalion and change in higher education. Several caseatrtrilirmi are included. (CMV)

ED 181 692 IR 007 960mown, Movis. U And OthersA Dalp for Intersethe Audio.

`'Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Center for InteractiveProgramme.

Pub Date Apt 77Note--128p.; For refined documents, see IR 007

958.962Available hornCenter for Interactive Programs,

975 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706(S10.00)

Pub Type Collected Works General (020)Reports Descriptive (141) Reference Materi-als Biblioraphies (131)

EDRS Price isiF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Availa-ble Oulu EDRS.

DescriptorsAdult Education, Annotated !Milo.graphics, Audio Equipment, Diagrams, Immo.tional Design, Media Research, ProgramAdministration, Program Descriptions, TeachingTechniques. Technical Reports, Teleconferenoins. Telephone Communication SystemsThis book contains five articles which examine

the areas of administration and instructional design,as well as the technical components of a telesmferencing system; included is an mint:liltednphron telephone education/communicationswhich lists articles on research and theory, adrninis'ration. technical components, instructional design,case studies, and teleconferencing systems. The in-structional design articles focus on the ingredientsof program design which maximize effectiveness ofan interactive audio system. Research in listening,learning, communications, group interaction, andadult education is related to successful teachingtechniques developed by instructors experienced inteaching via telephone. The articles on atiministradon explore the overall organization of a telecooferencing system and present an overview of amodal system, with emphasis on program promo-tion. registration procedures, local site facilitators,and evaluation methods. The technical article de-scribes the tequiremenis and general design criteriafor a system for teleconferencing, including the stalion equipment, the control center. and the trans-mission system. Practical solutions to problemsencountered during the development and implementation stages of teleconferencing systems aresuggested. (A tilhorICMV)

ED 181 893 IR 007 961Cillyruon. &nob Comp. Ric mint Betsy,

CanTechnical Design for Audio Teleconferencing,Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Center for Interactive

Programa.Pub Date-71Note-172p.; Ligibility varies; For related docu-

ments, see IR 007 958.962Available from--Center for Interactive Programs,

973'Observatoly Drive, Madison, WI 53706(SI5.00)

Pub Type Collected Works General (020)Reports Descriptive (141) Reports Research(143)

EDRS Price -MF1)1 Plus Pottage. PC Not Avails.ble from EDRS.

DescriptorsAdult Education, Audio Equipment,Businris, Case Studies, Diagrams, Higher Edu-cation, 'Industry. Program Descriptions, Tele-conferencing, Telecourses, TelephoneCommunication Systems, Television, Use Stu-diesData on the basic components of teleconferencing

and descriptions of, its uses in education, business,and industry are provided in 17 individual reportsThese reports include overviews and case studies ofeducational telephone networks, teleconferencingtransmission systems and equipment, visual systemsfor teleconferencing, slow scan television, cots-trolled scan television, an automatic telephone ac-cess library storage system, computer control ofteleconferencing, and combining teleconferencingwith teleiting in continuing engineering educa-tion. (CMV)

ED 181 IN IR 007 962Saint Merck, Comp And OthersDial Areas: A Wee to Spread V otar IklaasIPWisconsin Univ, Madison. Center for Interactive

Programs.Pub Date--Jun 79Note-283p.; Legibility varies; For related demo

ments, see IR 007 958.962Available fromCenter for Interactive Programs,

975 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706(515.00)

Pub Type Collected Works General (020)Reports Descriptive (141)

EDRS Price hi FOI Plus Postage. PC Not Ayala-ble from EDRS.

DescriptorsAdult Education, Cortimunication(Thought Transfer), Community InformationServices, 'Dial Access Information Systems,Health Education, Information Centers, Infer.mattes Dissemination, Information Retrieval, lie-formation Services, Information Sources,Program Descriptions, Program EvaluationThis collection of 32 reports presents information

on a. variety of dial access systims and addressessuch specific issues as programming, promotion,evaluation, and community involvement. Individualreports discuss a public library's dial access service,a tape library of financial information, informationservices in child care, a teacher training demon:tiertion project, adult and continuing education, costeffectiveness, campus information centers, recordedhealth and medical information, health *Mastic"resources for physicians and consumers, and telephone access to audio cartridges. (CMV)

ED 183 203 . IR 008 152Fairlsolms. Gilbert W.

_Wangle Technology. Telecontreueleadoes StudyConuaissioe, Working Paper No. S.

Virginia State Telecommunications Study Corms's.sine, Richmond.

Pub Date-23 Aug 79Note-24p.; For related documents, see IR 008

153, IR 008 158, and IR 008 160Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price MFO1 Plus Postage. PC Not Maila-

ble from EDRS.DescriptorsCable Television, 'Delivery Systems,

Educational Television, Fixed Service Televi-sion, Programing (Broadcast), 'Public Television,State Programs, 'Telecommunication

Id en tifiersVireiniaThis report presents an overview of the diatrasu

don formats for instructional television. Whilebroadcast means of distribution have ben the main-stay of instructional television in the past, there areat least three television technologies that are couldtied as appropriate delivery mechanisms: over theair natutnission, including broadcasting, instruc-tional television Reed services, and satelliies; wireor table transmission, such as cable television andcommon carrier services; and copy technologiessuch as video tape, video cassette, video disc, fac-simile, and print Braille. Each of these formats isdiscussed and considerations for their use for educetional programming are presented. (Author/RAO)

_ _

ED 183 204 ER. 008 I 1.1WI/mann, JudithThe Role of a Central State Agency In Televising,

Telecommunications Sind, Commission, Woring Paper No. 111.

Virginia State Telecommunications Study Cosloe, RiOunond.

rub Date-23 Aug 79Note- -32p.; For related documents, see IR 00f us.

160, IR 008 162. and IR 008 164-165Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price hi FOI Plus Postage. PC Not Anil*.

ble from EDRS.Descriptors--Ageney Role, Cable Televisitm.

Educational Television. Public Television,'Radio,State Agencies, State Programs, Statewide:Planning, ' Telecommunication, Telephone Coes-municanon Systems

'7'IdentinersVuginiaThis report describes the Virginia Public Telecom.

munication.s Council. an agency formed to manageand coordinate (he Commonwealth's investments inand uses of all kinds of teleconun unica now set-vices, facilities, processes, capacities, and productsIn this respect they act as professional consultant,liaison officer, approval authority, planner, programevaluator, policy analyst, and staff advisor to stateagencies. institutions, localities, and oonpro6t tele-communications entities. Their legal authority, ca. :rent functions, and future priorities are ceplainedand an appended program exhibit is provit.. 1, de-tailing the council's organization, program k. Weirdon, and program descriptions. (Author/RAO)

r.

;

ED 183 205 IR ON 155;Schneider, Frederick CInstructional Telabion la Virginia. Telecoms':mi.

aldose Study Connelssitia, Workbag Paper Na.

Virginia State telecommunications Study Catossaimon, Richmord.

Pub Date-23 Aug 79Note--33p.; For related documents, sec IR 008

153, IR 008 156, and IR 008 158Pub Type Reports - Descriptive (141)EDRS Price MI 11 Plus Postage. PC Not Mafia-

Me from EDRS.Descriptors*Asency. Rote, Cable Television,

Educational Television, Financial Support. Man.Apo:last, Programing (Broadcast), 'State Agarmu, State Programs, Telecommunicadon

Id e o tifi erroVirginlaThe role of et* organiudons in instructional

television programming, prop= selec don, producedon, and distribution are discussed and the overallmanagement, funding, and wasting for ITVwe explored. Instructional teleFisicts in Virginia. asdiscussed in this paper, is defined as the presents.lion via video format of information to be used in aSul ggrse of instruction for credit at any aca-deaue include any programming avail-able over a broadcast or cable system that is used byILO instructor as part of the course, The agencies and

.organisations most involved with the delivery ofITV.progratruning in the Commonwealth are theVirginia Public Telecommunications Council, theRegional Schools Contract Planning Committees,the Department of Education, and the PublicTelevision Stations staff. (RAO) avg.

Schneider, Frederick CIR 008 156ED 183 206

Higher Falseatioa MS of Telestedle in Virginia.Teheonsmusleadons Study Commission, Work-ing Paper No. 9.

Virginia State Telecommunications Study Commis.Eon, Richmond.

Pub Date-23 Aug 79Note-8p.; Fin related documents, WC IR 008 253,

IR 008 155, IR 008 158, and IR 008 162Pub Type Opinion Papas (120) Reports De-

scriptive (141)EDRS Price MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Availa-

ble from EDRS.DescriptorsEducational Problems, Educational

Television, Higher Education, °Interinstitu-tional Cooperation, State Programs, StatewidePlanning. 'Telecommunication

IdentifiersVirginiaThis review of the problems encountered in the

use of telecommunications for higher education inthe Commonwealth of Virginia points out that thereis no agency or organization that has taken the leadin coordinating and facilitating the organizedgrowth anddevelopment of ulevision services withand among all institutions. Insufficient inplace suppar oystemi and s lark o' ell asttakeint plar..-.ing art stet to be teasoni fo? eaten.ps c &due of capabilities and a:cumulation oforizc=patible equipment thee..:Onji the stateAL-,ples o: systems deteloped at endivitue

atinc3Z,,robelecmiteseer.itho ritt7.pc'rerntreintetabctiothn such, stemson a statewide basis (RAO)

3 6,

DIA106 filel: ERIC - 66-82/Aug (Item 60 of 82) User 8645 3sep82

EfT181037 11F012015The Everyman's University, Israel. A Case Study in Distance

Learning Systems.Seligman. DavidOpen Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England).dan 1979 7in.; For related documents see HE 011 967.965 ;

Centre_ for international Cooperation and Services.HMS Price - Mfo1 /PC03 Plus Postage.Lanquann: fnglishDocument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Geuulannic (;nurse: United Kingdom; Englanddoutnal Announcement: RIEJULE10A If iption of Israel (physical setting, population,

society and cutstuce. economy, politics, and communications)and its educational system introduce a description ofEverman't: University. Everyman's University is anntaditioal institution offering postsecondary education byvtPrIcton to a nontraditional college population. Elements ofits nistnry, purposes, organization, academic offerings, andresources arn outlined, with brief harrations: Thesef:ritcloorins Ao included; origins; intended clientele; entryqualifications; degree programs; media and methods ofinstruction Icoespondence'study, television, radio, audiocasnntftiS, OMP experiment kits, syllabi, and study centers);methods of course creation, production, and distribution;studnnt admisqinh, registration, and records procedures;facilities; student financial aid; assessment and examinationmodels and pioredures, including special instructions on thewading of cledit; ' institutional organization andAdminintratinn: iicademic, financial, and policy controlnrhfinicmq: staff And 'budget; and plans for development.Anonndnd am data on courses offered, student characteristics,registratinn. netnistence, and organizational charts. (MSE)Desrtiptors AcceSs to Education; Administrative

Ortytni:ltion; Admission Criteria; Budgets4 Case Studies;Corte,lonndonce Study: Courses; Degrees (Academic);

Fduattonal rscilities: Educational Technology; Enrollment;Extension Education; External Degree Programs; Foreign

cnunt, ins; Futuvos (of Society); Higher Education; Home Study;Student Crialarteristics; Student Evaluation; Student FinancialAin; Vocational Education

Identifiers Fverymans University (Israel); OpenUnivnr,m t t t%t pa t Br it a in)

4444)39

ED183035 HE011968The Allama Iqbal Open University, Pakistan. A'Case Study In

Distance Learning Systems.Kaye, A. R.

Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England).Nov 1978 33p.; For related documents see HE 011 967, HE

012 015 ; Prepared at the Centre for International Cooperationand Services.

ORS Price - MF0I/PCO2 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Geographic Source: United Kingdom; England

Journal Announcement: RIEJULBOA brief description of Pokisten (physical setting,

population, economy, government, communications, and ruraldevelopment program) and its educationel system introduce adescription of the Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) inIslamabad. AIOU was established by the Pakistani governmentprimarily to provide adult and continuing education throughmass media. Brief descriptions are given of these elements ofthe institution's history and operation: policy and legalorigins; intended clientele; curriculum offerings andorganization; media and methods of instruction; coursecreation, production, and distribution; student admission,registration, and records; regional offices. support services,and student financial aid; student evaluation: organizationand administration; governance; firiniv:inl control;institutional research; and staff and physical facilities.(MSE)Descriptors: Access to Education; Admission Criteria;

Ancillary Services; College Administration; Curriculum;Delivery "Systems; Developing Nations: cciltcnt ionn1 History;Educational Policy; *Educational Technology; 'ExtensionEducation; External ,vgree Programs; Facilities; 'ForeignCountries; Governance; Higher Education; InstitutionalResearch; Mass Media; Postsecondary Education; Rual Arens;Student Evaluation; Student Financial Aid; leacino Methods

Identifiers: 'Allama Iqbal Open University (Pakistani; 'OpenUniversity (Great Britain)

4U

ED184467 HE012494A Case Study in Distance Learning Systems: The Free

University of Iran.Goodenough, StephanieOpen Univ., Walton, Bletchley. Bucks (England).Oct 1978 46p.; Colored pages may not reproduce clearly.Available from: The Open University, Centre for

International Cooperation and Services, Walton Hall. MiltonKeynes, MK7 6AA. Bucks. England.MRS Price - MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage,Language: EnglishDocument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Geographic Source: United Kingdom/ England

A case study of The Free University of Iran; an OpenUniversity school with a distance learning system, is

presented. Areas of discussion include characteristics of thecountry, the educational system of Iran. and the university.Specific topics include: the physical setting of Iran; the

population; society and culture; economic development andeducational planning; four stages in the development of Iran'seducation system; origins of the Free University of Iran: the

entrance examination: courses; the teacher education program:the health sciences program; the rural development program;the technician training program; instructional media andmethods; programmed printed texts; broadcast material; home

experiment kits; text production; broadcast and audiovisualproduction: delivery systems; student admission and

registration; the study year; student enrollment; staffingpatterns and structure; local study centers; three types of

student assessment: and organization and administration of the

university. (SW)Descriptors: Allied Health Occupations Education/ Case

Studies/ College Administration/ College Faculty/ CollegePrograms/ Cultural Context/ Curriculum Development/ DeliverySystems/ Educational Media/ .Enrollment Rate/ External DegreePrograms/ Foreign Countries/ Higner Education/ InstitutionalCharacteristics/ Instructional Materials/ Open Universities/Physical Geography/ Politics/ Rural Areas/ School Organization

/ Sociocultural Patterns/ Socioeconomic Influences/ StudentEvaluation/ Teacher Education/ Technical EducationIdentifiers. Free University of Iran/ Iran

411., ".

.

4

ED 184465 14E012493A Case Study in Distance Learning Systems: Costa Rica's

___Universidad Estatal a Distancia.Rumble, G. W. S. V.Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England).1978 52p.; Colored pages may not reproduce clearly.Available from: The Open University, Centre for

International Cooperation and Services, Walton Hall, Milton

EDRS Price - MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Geographic Source: United Kingdom; England

Journal Announcement: RIEAUG80A case study of Costa Rica's Universldad Estatal aDistancia, an Open University school with a distance learning

System, is presented. Areas of discussion includecharacteristics of the country, the educational system ofCosta Rica, and the university. Specific topics include: thephysical setting of Costa Rica; the population; the economy;communications; the political situation; the educationalsystem since the early 1970's; the national plan for highereducation 1976-1980; origins of the Universidad Estatal aDistancia: characteristics of students; programs of study:curriculum development; television and radio instructionalprograms; student admission, registration, and records: typesof student assessment, and the organizational structure of theuniversity. (SW)

Descriptors: Case Studies; College Administration; CollegeAdmission; --College--Programs; 'Cultural Context: CurrirutumDevelopment: Educational Finance; Educational Radio:Educational Television; External Degree Programs; ForeignCountries; Higher Education; Institutional Characteristics;*Open Universities: Physical Geography; Politics: SchoolOrganization; Sociocultural Patterns: Socioeconomic Influences

Student EvaluationIdentifiers: Costa Rica; Ainiversidad Estate) a Distancia

4'4

ED 1113 943 .CE 024 672Lambert Afwhael P.. U Welch. Sally IL UHome Study Course Development Handbook.National Home Study Council, Washington, D.C.Pub Date-80Note-256p.Available fromNational Home Study Council,

1601 Ilith Strut, N.W., DC 20009 (113.00)Pub Type Guides NonClassroom (055)EDRS Price MFOI/PCII Phis Postage.DescriptorsAccounting, Adult Education, Audi.

°visual Aids, Authors, 'Correspondence Study,Course Content, Course Objectives, Courses,Curriculum Design, 'Curriculum Development,Editing, 'Home Study, Material Development,Multiple Choice Tests, Readability Formulas,'Test Construction, Textbook Preparation.*Textbook PublicationIntended for independent study directors, course

authors, and directors of horns based or disuncelearning projects, this collection of current, practicalguides on correspondence course development con-tains fourteen chapters authored by practicing homestudy educators and experts in their field. FromTheory to Practice lists steps in course productionfrom subject selection through revision program ins.plementation. Naming the Parts lists cosine components with a profile of a home study course andglossary included. Approaching Course Develop.anent offers guidance on planning. SupervisingCourse Authors discusses author selection and givesa sample author's contract. Writing Objectivesshows how to prepare good instructional objectives.(A review quiz follows.) Working Magic withManuscripts provides checklists for copy editing,.Managing Text Readability discusses reading levelformulas and provides practice examples. (The Dalelist a 30,000 Familiar Words is appended.) WritingExamples uses practical ex3mples in describingmultiple choice test preparation. Audio VisualMaterial discusses their effective use. Course De-sign and Layout overviews techniques available tothe course developer. Managing Course Preectiondiscusses stepbystep text production. (Proo-freader's marks and glossary are appended.) Cm.live Course Packaging presents design principles.Completion Rate Studies defines terms, providesexamples, and includes a quiz. Finent:::,1 Analysisexplains basic cost accounting principles (relationships among course price, volume, and profit anal.pis). (YLE)

ED 184 522 1R 008 183Bores Tony Kern. LorryAlternative Media Technologies for the Open

Unlversits. A Research Report on Costed Alter.natives to the Direct Transmission of AndieVisual Materials. Final Report. LE,T. Papers onBroadcasting No, 79.

Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England).Inst. of Educational Technology.

Pub Date-78 -,Note-93P; For related documents, see ED 119

664 and ED 154 797Pub Type Reports Evaluative (142)EDRS Price h1F01/Pas4 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAudiovisual Aids, Cost Effective-

ness, Educational Radio, Educational Television,Foreign Countries, 'Higher Education, Inter.mode Differences, Media Selection, Open Universities, Student CostsThis study examines alternatives to direct trans.

missic n of television and radio programs for courseswith Isw student enrollment at the Open University.Examined are cut-off points in terms of studentnumbers at which al ernative means of distributingaudio or audio-visual materials become moreeconomical than direct television or radio transmission, o:gersiutional and design implications of usingalternative distribution systems, and iecommenda-lions regarding alternative methods. This finalphase of the study explores comparative castings.the orcar.izational and production implications ofbltenistive medii, and some possible implicationsfor a new studio center and a renewed BBC0Uagreement The central concern is to study thosemays of prodding audiovisual media in studenthomes that are hie!) tc be feasible in the near fu.lure Ar exa".-atior. of unisenit) courses, studentenrol:rnent, broadcast tunes. and home based mud).ovisua: equipment is presented Costs are calculatedfor use per hour, per single tranmission, per repeattansmissior., six 'ear total. a% trait' per student (sixyears), like)) number of users (six years), and a per-user per repeat transmission cate/or) Formats con.sidered in this study include radio, records, flex,-discs. audio-cassette, television, video-cassette.multi media, telrphone teaching, teletext, elecironic blackboards. digital audiovisual, and persona/computers (RAO)

ED 185 610 CS 502 87QTroroglni. JosephServing New Audiences through an External De-

gree Program.Pub DateApr'80Note-7p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting

of the Central States Speech Association(Chicago, IL, April 10.12, 1984

Pub Type Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) Re-ports Descriptive (141)

EDRS Price MFOI/P031 Plus Postage,DescriptorsBachelors Degrees, Career Develop.

ment, College Credits, Correspondence Study,Education Work Relationship, 'External DegreePrograms, Higher Education, 'IndependentStudy, Individualized Instruction, Mastery Learn.ins, Nontraditional Education, Program Descrip-tionsAn individualized, undergraduate degree program

at Central Michigan University offers a variety ofinstruction options to students whose career andpersonal circumstances, limit their access to moretraditional forms of higher education. The program,sponsored by the university's Institute for Persona/and Career Development, is designed to accepttransfer credit for previous relevant academic experiences, award credit for relevant career:life ex-periences. allow students to earn credit away fromcampus and by examination, offer a number ofunique learning devices and delivery systems, andprovide academic advisers who can assist studentsin constructing academic programs that fit. In.dividualized credit earning options include such sctivities as planning and implementing an endemicprogram, preparing an experiential learning port-folio that contains descriptions and documentationof learning achieved through work or life experiCACCS, mastering learning package courses, design.in: student initiated planned experiences,participating in arranging independent studies, andtaking correspondence courses. The program ischaracterized by students working closely with academic resource persons, receiving relatively quickfeedback and reinforcement, and being graded onthe basis of having mastered learning objection.(AEA)

ED 385 966Peters. Korherine A.The Study Canters and Tutorial Services of the

British Open University: A Connell on Library.Resources Project Report

Spans Agency Council on Library ROOLUCCS,Wastwoston, D.0

Pub Date-177iNote-46p.; Best copy available.Pub Reports Descriptive (141)EDRTypeS Price MP0I/PCO2 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdult Education, 'Correspondence

Study, 'Delivery Systems, Developed Nations,Educational Development, Extension Educe.lion, Home Study, Open Education, OutreachProparns, Program Proposals, 'Rural Areas,.Study CentersServices offered by the British Open University

are examined to determine the feasfuility of estab-lishing similar programs and study centers for anexternal degree program at Kauai Community Col.lege, Kauai, Hawaii. This report covers the historyand origin. organisation, courses of study, deliverysystems, staff, and students at the Open University,focusing on the management, function, and din-oveness of the study centers. informationgatherinamethods include interviews with administrators,slat and students; observation of tutorials andcounseling sessions; visits to typical study centers;observation of TV and radio programs broadcast bythe school; and examination of their correspond.ens texts and kits. The Open University policy ofbringing resources to learners is examined throughits programs and teaching methods, which includeeitensis e use of mass communication and corresOondence learning Study centers. established toprovide ccotact between students and tutorcouns,e-,-rs are evaluated in terms of usefulness to studentsand Importance of the counselor. Certain elementsr' the Open University are then selected as appro.mite for application to Kauai Community College,/...."1 ins for a smaller population and financial re-czz-ces Stud) centers are seer es oros !ding radios:--c T equipment for students to -attend" courses.

as conduntap t.:crrials a;:d c.:nseLir.1 set-s.nr.s (SW)

IR 008 233

4 3

ED 186 655 CE 025 023Wenimonh. Robert B., EdCorrespondence Eduestion: Dynamic and Dints!.

fled. %'olume it The Milani Papers. Interne.tins! Council for Correspondence EducationIVorld Conference (11th, New Delhi, India,Nolember 8.15,1978).

International Council for Correspondence Educe.tion.

Pub Date-78Note-216p.; For a related document see CE 025

024.Pub Type Collected Works Proceedings (021)EDRS Price MFOI Plus Pottage, PC Not Mali'.

ble from EDRS.Descriptors Correspondence Schools, 'Corte

spondence Study, 'Counseling Techniques,'Educational Administration, 'Educational Re-search, 'Foreign Countries, Futures (of Society),Home Study, Independent Study, 'TeachingMethodsThis first volume of a two-volume report OD the

Eleventh World Conference of the InternationalCouncil for Correspondence Education (1CCE)contains the advance papers presented at the con.Terence. An introduction preceding these papersprovides the 1CCE president's message and anorientation by the host country, India. The 37 pa.pen are organized into the following five categories:II) correspondence education in general; (2) adminintrative practices; (3) teaching methods: (4)student counseling; and (5) applied research. tomeof the topics addressed by these papers are predic-tions for the future of correspondence education;accreditation and enrollment concerns; financialconcerns; the use of satellites, telecommunications.and computers.; effective counseling techniques: andresearch trends and utilization. The biographies ofprogram participants and guidelines for 1CCE. chair.men and rapporteurs are appended. (BM)

ED 186 656 CE 025 024Wenrusinh. Robert R., Ed.Correspondent Education: Dynamic and Divers!

fied. Volume 2: Proceedings with the AdditionalPapers. International Council for Correspond-ence Education World ConferenceDelhi, India, Nosember 8.15, 1978).

International Council for Correspondence Educa-tion.

Pub Date-79Note-306p.; For a related document see CE 024

023.Pub Type Collected Works Proceedings (0:1)EDRS Price MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Malls.

ble from EDRS.DescriptorsCorrespondence Schools, Com

spondence Study, 'Counseling Techniques.Educational Administration. Educational Fi-nance, 'Educational Research, EducationalTrends, Foreign Countries. Home Stud). In.dependent Study, Marketing. Student Character.istics. Teaching MethodsThis second volume of a two-volume report on the

Eleventh World Conference of the InternationalCouncil for Correspondence Education (7CCE)contains eonterence proceedings and additional pa.Pent. (The advance papers are presented in volumeI.) Presented along with the outline of the confer-ence sessions is other related information such as anevaluation of the conference, guideline documents,and the 1CCE constitution. Fourteen conference pa.pers are included and organized into the followingfive ca...gorier (1) correspondence education ingeneral; t2) administrative practices; (3) teachingmethods; (4) student counseling; and (5) appliedresearch. Some of the topics addressed by these pa-pers are adult education; Indian education: financialconcerns; marketing concerns; student motivation;cournes by cassette; research trends; and researchdata describing correspondence education students.(BM)

E0185883 11E01249aA Case Study in Distance Learning Systems: The University of --Lagos Correspondence and Open Studies Unit.Harry, Keith

.

Lagos Univ. (Nigeria).1978 22p.; For related document, see HE 012 499Available from: The Open University, Walton Hall, MiltonKeynes, MK7 6AA, United KingdomEDPS Price - MF01/PC01 Plus'Postage.Language: EnglishOocument type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Geographic Source: United Kingdom/ EnglandJoureal Announcement: RIESEP80

/ A case study of the correspondence and open studies 'Unit ofthe University of Lagos, an Open University school, ispresented. Areas of discussion include characteristics of thecountry, the educatidnal system in Nigeria, and thecorrespondence and open-stUdie-SUtill-. Specific topics include:the physical setting of Nigeria; the population;,. the economy;communications: the political situation; characteristics ofstudents'of the correspondence and open studies unit;

. courseobjectives: instructional methods and media: course

. development: delivery systems: student admission,registration, and records; academic support services forstudents; student assessment and testing; and organization andAdministration of the university. (SW)

Descriptors: African Culture/ Case Studies/ CollegeAdministration/ College Admission/ College Programs/Correspondence Study/ Curriculum Development/ DeliverySystems/ Educational Media/ Educational Testing/ +ExtensionEducation/ External Degree Programs/ *Foreign Countries/Higher Education/ *Institutional Characteristics/ *OpenUniversities/ Physical Geography/ Politics/ SchoolOrganization/ Student Evaluation

Identifiers: Nigeria/ University of Lagos (Nigeria)

E0184.466 HE012495A Case Study in Distance Learning Systems: The Sri Lanka

Institute of Distance Education. Revised Edition.Kaye, A. R.Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England).

Keyne, MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.

language: EnglishDncument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (1A1)

Jan 197 e9 26p.; Colored pags may not reproduce clearly.Available from:

FORS Price - MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage.

The Open University, Centre forInternational Cooperation and Services, Walton Hall, Milton

s.

Geographic Source: United Kingdom; EnglandJournal Announcement: RIEAUG80A case study of the Sri Lanka Institute of Distance

Fducation, an Open University school, is presented. Areas ofdiscussion include characteristics of the coUntry, theeducational system of Sri Lanka, and the university. Specifictopics include: the physical setting of Sri Lanka; thepopulation; society and culture; the economy; the politicalsituation; communications; teacher training; technical andvocational education; higher education; nonformal and adulteducation; educational broadcasting; administration andfinancing of education; origins of the Sri Lanka Institute ofDistance Education; types of students; instructional programs;higher national certificate in technology: instructional mediaand methods; curriculum development; student admission,registratIon, and records; student assessment; andorganization and administration of the university. 1SW)

Descriptors: Career Education; Case Studi,:s; CollegeAdministration; College Admission; College Pbngsams; CulturalContext; Curriculum Development; Educational Finance; ForeignCountries; Higher Education; *Institutional Citmacteristics;Nnntraditional CdueittiOii;* Open Universities; PhysicalGeography; Politics; School Organization; SocioculturalPatterns; Socioeconomic Influences: Student Fveluition;Teacher Education; Technical Education; Vocational EducationIdentifiers: Sri Lanka Institute of Distance Education

,

EU185885 HE012500A Case Study in Distance Learning Systems: Panjab

University, India.Goodonaugh. S.Punjab Univ. (India).Dec 1978 38p.; Five pages of statistical data and a

newspaper clipping may not reproduce well..Available from: The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton

Keynes. MK7 6AA. United Kingdom.EUR5 Price - MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Geographic Source: United Kingdom; EnglandJournal Announcement: RIESEPSOA case study of the Directorate of Correspondence Courses at

Panjab University. an Open University school in India, ispresented. Areas of discussion include characteristics of thecountry, the educational system in India, and the Directorateof Correspondence Courses. Specific topics include: thephysical setting; the population; the economy; the government;

communications; the various levels or types of eductionoffered in India; characteristics of students of theDirectorate of Correspondence Courses; courses; curriculumdevelopment; instructional meetings and media; deliverysystems; student admission, registration. and records;academic suppot serviceS;.student assessment ane testing; andthe organization and administration of the university. (5W)Descriptors; Case Studies; College Administration: College

Programs; *Correspondence Study; Curriculum Development;Delivery Systems: Educational Media; Educational Testing;Extension Education; External Degree Programs; *ForeignCountries; Higher.Education; Institutional Characteristics:Open Universities; Physical Geography; Politics: SchoolOrganization; Student Characteristics; Student Evaluation

Identifiers: India; *Punjab University (India)4

E0185884 11t012499A Case Study in Distance Learning Systems: University of

Nairobi' Correspondence Courses Unit.Harry, KeithNairobi Univ. (Kenya).1978 20p.: For related document, see HE 012 498Available from: The Dpen University. Walton Hall. Milton

Keynes. MK7 6AA, United KingdomEDRS Price - MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Geographic Source: United Kingdom; EnglandJournal Announcement: RIESEP80A case study of the correspondence course unit ,t the

University of Nairobi. an Open University school.. ispresented. Areas of discussion include characteristics of thecountry, the educational system provided by the Government ofKenya. and the correspondence course unit. Specific topicsinclude: the physical setting of Kenya; communications; thepolitical situation; instructional methods and media; coursedevelopment: student admission, registration and records:student guidance; student assessment and testing; organizationand administration of the university; and resources. (SW)

Descriptors: African Culture: Case Studies; CollegeAdministrAtion; College Admission; College Programs:Correspondence Study: Curriculum Development; DeliverySystems: Educational Media; Educational Testina; 'ExtensionEducation; External Degree Programs: Foreign Countries;Higher Education; *Institutional Characteristics: Instruction-al Materials: Open Universities: Physical Geography: Politics: School Organization; Student Evaluation

Identifiers 'Kenya; 'University of Nairobi ikenyal

46

E I S'`/ tri; /

The Suitability of Non-Traditional Distance Learning Systemsfor Different Types of Students: The Experience of the OpenUniversity of the United Kingdom. AIR Torum 1980 Paper.

MrinlSh. Naomi F. ; Woodlev. AlanApr 19P0 26p.: Paper presented at the Annual Forum of theAsroCiation for Institutional Research (20th. Atlanta, GA,Wit 27 -Ma t, leaul.EARS Price MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage.langwige. EnglishDocumnr Type: RESEARCH RrPORT (1431: 'CONFERENCE PAPER (150)Geogaphic Source: United Kingdom; England0ourna1 Announcement: RIEDFC80The progress of students under 21 years old at the UnitedKingdom's Open University IOU) was compered with a sample of

mature students. using sociological and psychometric researchmethods. rho research goal was to consider whether the OU'steaching system originally designed for adults is suited tothe nneds and circumstances of students in the 18.20 agegroup. Additionally effort was directed to developingpredictive indices of success and failure at the OU and toasens the level and nature of demand for OU places from theveillie"I' nue eroen.. Postal questionnaires. personal interviews.and administrative and academic records were used to monitortheir progress, to measure their reactions to courses, and todiscover their reasons for withdrawal. Groups of enteringyounger and older students cnmpleted a sociologicalquestionnaire and a battery of psychometric tests. Findingsinclude the tollowing: the pilot scheme for attractieg youngerstudents attracted very few le-year-olds and even fewer schoolleavers; the younger students fared less well than olderstudents in their first year of OU studies; and younger OUstudents tended to score lower on the intelligence test thandid older OU students and younger students elsewhere in highereducation. Among the factors that appeared to underlie therelatively poor performance of the younger studeets are theFollowing. finance. time pressures, andattitudes. Some policy implications for UU 're considered.ISWI

Descriptors' Adult Students: Age Differences; ChronologicalAge; College Students: Comparative Analysis; External DegreePronrams; Failure; Financial Support: Foreign Countries:nigher Education: 'Open Universities; Predictor Variables:cchnol Holding Power; Student Attitudes; Student Evaluation;,Sinrient Needs: Si rcesn; Withdrawal iFriucationl

Identifiers: AIR Forum 1980; Open Ueivesity (Greateritaint

41/411

DIALOG Filet: ERIC - 66-82/Aug (Item 53 of 82) User 8645 3sep82

ED187304 IR008256Some Aspects of Educational Broadcasting in Sweden. A Report

of a One -Week Study Visit. lET Papers on Broadcasting No. 94.Sates, A. W.Open Univ.. Walton, Bletchle Y. Bucks (England). Inst. of

Educational Technology.Apr 1978 35p.ERRS Price - MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage.Language: Engltsh.--------------Document Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Geographic Source: United Kingdom: EnglandJournal Announcement: RIEOCT80This report on the 'organization, development. and

dissemination of educational and commercial radio andtelevision programs by the Swedish Educational BroadcastingCompany includes some of the research being done at the OpenUniversity. A planned reorganization of Sveriges Radio intotwo separate television channels and several channels forlocal radio is described, as well a', programming of adulteducational programs on radio, sP+eral newer televisionprograms for the schools, and research by the AudienceResearch Department of Sveriges Radio and the EducationDepartment. Distance teaching in higher education is availablein three forms: university study circles, organized by theindependent educational associations in collaboration with auniversity or college department; decentralized universitycourses which enable students to enroll on either a part-timeor full-time basis in another town outside the university; anddistance educational studies consisting of correspondencecourses with additional study guides and booklists. (JEG)

Descriptors: Correspondence Study; Educational Radio:Educational Television; Foreign Countries; Higher Education;Nonformal Education: Open Universities: ProgramingItiroadenstl

Ideetifiers: Distance Education; Sweden

48

as

ED 187 341 IR 00$ 461clorm. John A. Ed Thedenbuch. Joseph M. UEducational TtlecummunItatioru Delivery Sys.

seat;.American Society for EngineerMs Education,

Washington, D.C.Pub. Da to -79Note-152p.Pub Type Opinion Papers (120) Reports De-

scriptive (141) Collected Works General(010)

EDRS Prim MEW Plus Postage, PC Not Maila-ble from EDRS.

DescriptorsCable Television, CommunicationsSItclInci; 'Delivery Systems, Educational Equip-ment Educational Radio, 'Educational Tech-

nology, Educational Television. 'EducationalTrends, Public Television, Telecommunications,TeleconferencingThis monograph is a single volume reference

manual providing in overall renew of the currentstatus and likely tear future application of six majoreducational telecommunications delivery technolo-ties. The introduction provides an overview to theusage and potential for these sys.tetas in the contestof the Enr.jor educational issues involved. Each arti-cle is w. :ten by an expert in that field, and providedwith commentary by en acknowledged professionalin educational telecommimication.s critiques. Thesepapers are as follows: (1) Public Broadcasting andEducation: A Look at the Record; (2) instructionalTelevision Fixed Services: A Most Valuable EdulaLionel Resource; (3) Teleconferencing + Telewrit-ing wi Continuing Engineerins Education inWisconsin; (4) How to Establish and Operate a Ra-dio Reading Service via SCA; (5) Radio ReadingService: The Minnesota Experience; (6) CableTelevision: A Useful Tool for the Delivery of Eclu=dot and Social Services'; and (7) Communicadons .Satellites for Education and Training: Past.Present, and Future. (RAA) .

ED 187 342' IR 008 464Higher Educatioe Utilization Study: Technical

ReportCorporation for Public Broadcasting, Washington,

D.C.; National Center for Education StatisticsDHEW), Washington, D.0

Pub DateSep '79Note-38p.Pub Type Reports Research (143)EDRS Price hifill/PCO2 Plus Postage.DescriptorsColleges, Educational Television.

Higher Education. Research Methodology,School Surveys, Teaching Methods, TelevisionSurveys, Universities, Use StudiesThis report on the first phase of a twopan pro.

gram to determine the extent of television use forinstruction by colleges and universities in theUnited States discusses the research methodologyused for a census study of all higher education iota.tutions in the United States; the second will involvea random sample follow-up of institutions known tobe using television for instruction. This is a cooperalive effort by the Corporation for Public Broadcastins, the National Center for Education Statistics,the American Association of Community and Jun-ior Colleges, the Nations! Association of State Universifies and Land Grant Colleges, the AmericanAssociation of State Colleges and Universities, theNational Institute for Independent Colleges, andthe Association of American Universities. The sur-vey e, iestionnaire elicits information about the col-lege us of television. the uses tot instruction, thetypes of television outlets with which the college

orks. the college's relationships with the outlets,factors that contributed to or hindered the college'suse of television for instruction. and the future oftelevision for instruction at the college The reportdetails the procedural conduct of the survey as ad-ministered through the cooperating agencies, ap-pendices provide the survey questionnaire, editinginsirucuons. and keypunch instructions (RAA)

ED 187 492 RC 012 044IC0*. Itobt J.Health Careers through Independent Study for

American Indians and Alaska Natives: UpwardMobility through NonTrulitional Education,Health Services Administration (DHEW:PHSI

Rocks Ole, Md. Indian Health Service.Report No.DHEWHSA"512023Pub Date-75Note-206p.; May not reproduce well due to smallprint size.Pub Type Reference Materials DirectoriesCatalogs (132) Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price MFO1 Plus Postage. PC Not Mafiahie from EDRS.DescriptorsAccess to Education, Alaska Na.

tives, Allied Health Occupations Education.Anwrican Indian Education, American Indi

ant, Correspondence Study, Equivalency Tests.Eskimos, External Degree Programs', Health Occupations, High School Equivalency Programs.Home Study, Independent Study, °Nontradi-tional Education, Open Universities, ProgramDescriptions, Resource Materials, Test CoachingIdentifiersGeneral Educational DevelopmentTestsIndependent study is recognized by many as a

practical approach to learning, especially meaning-ful for individuals in isolated or remote areas. Corn.piled .primarily for use by persons with highlydiversified backgrounds and interested in Indianand Alaska Native health, the book describes educetional opportunities available through independentstudy. The major avenues for persuing independentstudy are described: the GED high school equivalency programs, associate degree programs in thehealth sciences, special adult degree programs, theopen univernty, external degree programs, collegelevel examination programs, degree credit throughcorrespondence study, other home study and conespondence courses, programmed instruction in'health areas, the National Horne Study Council, andthe United States Armed Palen Institute, A sub-stantial portion of the guide lists, by state, the As-sociate Degree programs and courses in the healthfield offered by some of the more established community and junior colleges, giving program titlesand addresses, chief, administrators, year classes begin, length of the program, and the type of degreeawarded. Fundamental suggestions on how to studyand how to take tests are included. Also providedare additional source materials on health careers.'financial assistance, and special programs. NEC"

EL) 388 563 HE 012 922Broar., Suphen Nerhenon. Machete?Desapcu7inin; Instruetiunal Materials: Guesswork or

Facts'Open Unit.. Walton. Bletchle). Bucks (England).

Inst of Educational Technology.P,* Date Not 7b%Olt...35pPub T) pe Opinion Papers (120) Reports Re.

search (143)E9RS Price MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAcadernie Ability. 'Basic Skills,

Externtl Degree Programs. Foreign Countries.Higher Education. Instructional Materials. In.siructional Systems. IntroductoryCourses.Lan.gunge Stills. Mathematics Anxiety. SciencePrograms. 'Sacral Sciences, Technical Education

IdenufiersOpen Um% ersity (Great Brit.iin)A systematic study is reported of the mathernati

cal skills and learning abilities of new students irnmediate)) prior to entry into the Open University s(England) foundation courses in technology and so-

cis! sciences The intent war to provide predictiveinformation about potential student cox) skills forthe learn p eparing a new technolofy foundationco .,!se flew lang,lage and mathematical skills v. ereassessed bi t questimnio'etes' given to a sample of:roll : ants for the crmses It sirs found tha mathmalice! skills were an area needing specie anentizr. E.e ie. c mater:els and schedulesarc r'e'posed to assist students it des eloping the

in the cotivse It is Crnr!uded that such $y5It7.C1c es al..ztions of critical lea -rigs skills areneedtd h' a r re:16:5.1e tr the drsigr ot invruc

r atria. fo' t J e' cc .:se not!' al the Open-.%esis t. d l'ASE

49

ED 192 S45FL 01 I 521Trench Basic Course. Arta Studies.Defense Language Inst., Monterey. CalifPut DateApr 70

Note )43p.; For related documents see FL 011486.497 and FL 0)1 520.526As &liable fiomDefenseLanguage Institute. Foreign Language Center, Nonresident Di, mon.Piesidio of MOnlete). CA 93940 ($2.60)LanguageFrench

Pub Type GuidesClassroom Learner (01)EDRS Price hIPOI/P(:06 Plus Postage,DescriptorsAdult Programs. African Culture.*Area Studies, °Cross Cultural Training. Culturs1Education. Foreign Culture. 'French. Instruc.!Iona! Materials. Intensise Language Cnurses,Postsecondary Education, Second LanguageLearning

This volume presides the prescribed culturalbackground that is part of the final phase of theBasic Course in French The tests protide the basisfor discussions and peisonal research through w Nthstudents become acquainted with various aspects ofthe French.speakingworld and learn the referentialmeaning of w orris and expressions as they are un

.derstood by the educated native speakers of FrenchThe topics presented include: (I) French teography,agrifulture, family life. education. the milt:.tar) academy. industry.holiday's. literature, and his-tory': (2) other countries where French is spoken,such as. Belgium.

Switzerland. Guiana, Haiti. Allaria and Zaire: (31 the French in America: and (4)means of transportation in Central Africa (A uthor-1A WO

1.Availability

A Survey antiReport Interelli inandof Systems for the Delivery ofInstruction by Remote Methods. By Peter C,West, 1980The feasibility of providing upper division andgraduate level instruction in the Rockford,Illinois area by "remote delivery" is examined.Infortnation was gathered about (1) whatremote delivery instructional, systems areavailable, (2) what the physical considerationsand costs associated with these systems are,and (3) what the public interest in thesesystems is for business and industrial use,individual use, and community use.ED 192 695, EDRS Price: MF-$0.91, PC-S5.30 pluspostage. (54 pp.)

ED IN 106 IR 005 986Telecourse': Reflection 10. Executive Summary,California Univ.. San Diego. Univ. Extension.;Coastline Community Coll., Fountain Valley,Calif.Spons AgencyCorporation for Public Broadcast.

ing, Washington, D.C.Pub Date-80Note-17p.; For related documents, see CS 503

009.010 and IR 008 987. Prepared for The Sta.tionC.ollege Executive Project in Adult Learning

Pub Type Guides Classroom Learner (051)Reports - Descriptive (141)

EDRS Price MF0I/P031 Plus Postage.DescrimorsEducational Television, Instructional Materials, Management Development,

sPhoosptssecondary Education, "Telecourse', W'ork

IdetifiersStation College Executive ProjectAdult LearningBased on interviews with more than 50 Ind's idu.

als at television stations, colleges, and publishingcompanies, as well as on a review of existing liters.ture, this report summarizes the "Stale of the an" Intelecourse use and makes recommendations for futine research etforu This document is part of aseries of instructional materials funded b) the Col.pontoon for Public Broadcasting for use in a :da).semina, to aid college and unisesii) ad7onisira:orsa? d station executiv es in malir.l erre:tis e decis.onsabout the use and implementation of telecourses(A uthor/LLS)

ED 194 307 IR 00/ 987Pilouhi, Xi&i S Sion David P.

'Working with Telecourse',California Univ., San Diego. Wis. Extension.;

Coastline Community Coll., Fountain Valley,Calif.

Spons Agency - Corporation for Public Broadcast.ing, Washington. 3.7.C.

Report No.ISBN039776033.6Pub Date-110Note-64p.; For related documents, see CS 503' 009.010 and IR 001 916. Prepared for The Sts

tionCollese Executive Project in Adult Learning.Pub Type Guides Classroom Learner (053)EDRS Price ?Ifni/PC*3 Plus Postage.DescriptorsEducational Television, 1nstruc

lions) Materials. Management Development.Postsecondary Education, Telecourse'. Work-shops

Identifiersnotion College Executive ProjectAdult LearningThis manual was prepared for use at a 2day semi-

nar to aid college and university administrators andstation executies in making effective decisionsabout the use and implementation of telecourse:.There are four objectives for the workshop: (1) tounderstand the characteristics. attitudes. needs. anddesires of various groups involved in offering tekcourses: (2) to improve formal communication be.tween the educational aunties and the televisionstations; (3) to identify obstacles to successful tele-course use; and (4) to develop matted for over.omina those obstacles. A section of the ge uide is

tdevoted to each of the following the I:ourse environment. alternate distribution systems.elecourse administration. promotion, and station.geilese lositastssos

ED 194 740 CE 026Waniewiez IgnoeyThe TvOnts0.2 eicsdemy. The Use of Televisase

Broadruiins and ComputerManaged Ltars44for Individualized Adult Learning.

Ontario Educational Communications Autlwr TsToronto

Pub Date -10Note-11p.Pub Type Reports Descriptive (14 1)EDRS Price MFOI/PC01 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdult Education, "Comr..:rt

Managed Instruction, Educational Tele% .9 s'tindependent Study, Individualized Instr.:T:0a'Nonschool Educational Programs. Protruz 1;fectiveness, Program Evaluauon

IdentifiersInformal Education, Ontario. T 0,iarioIn January 1930. TVOntario. a television nevem,

operated by the Ontario Educational Comm..lions Authority. introduced a new concept inlearniag. the TVOntario Academy. it consist, .1combination of high broadcast quality te:oprogramming. a computer managed(CN1L) system, and especially designed couru a

aimed at enabling TVOntario viewers thetunity of embarking upon selfdirected lesrntna r.-jets on subjects related to the television setts "4basic component of a TVOntario Academy tsfulls selected. or especially produced. 4ert%tees ision programs which covers a well-de:Inc.! &-clear)) circumscribable body of know Iedfe(ifs; two projects were a Health and the Enmerit Academy and a Music of Man Acsde:^%ents' Academy will be offered in January' !Resources and support materials usually '

a learners guide. reading materials. Multiplessquestions. CML system. and newsletters. F:r. -6:of sn evaluation of the two academies

information about moth stions of P.st""'pants Appeal and :ons emence of 3 telt% Isik1."4"*.*43rr:nt 1::111) were cited. (VLSI

4. Telecommunication and Innovation In theWorkplace. By Peter Clarke. 1979.

Investigates the use of interactive cabletelevision to deliver inservice instruction toelementary school teachers. Limitations of theexperimental design are discussed, as well asimplications of the findings for policydecisions.

ED 198 820. EDRS Price: MF-$C.91, PC-$15.20plus postage. (210 pp.)

3. Non-Formal Education Broadcasting. CourierNo 20, December 1980. By Chris Duke andothers. 1980.

This collection of articles discusses (1)development and communication and the

training needs for workers in the South Pacificcountries, (2) how broadcasting for nonformaleducation is being approached in Indonesiaand in Thailand, and (3) the progress of aschool-on-the-air in the Philippines.

ED 195 788. EDRS Price: MF-30.91, PC-$5.30 nlutpostage. (69 pp.)

ED 198 358 CE 028 067Worthington. RossTerrestrial Communications Systems la Distance

Education. A Reference Booklet.Pub DateOct 10Note-32p.Pub

formation (070)EDRS Price MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage.DescriptorsBroadcast Television, Cable Televi

sion, Closed Circuit Television, CorrespondenceStudy, Educational improvement, 'EducationalInnovation, Educational Radio. EducationalTelevision, Home Programs, National Programs.Nontraditional Education, Radio, 'TechnologyTransfer, Telecommunications, Telephone Coat.munications Systems, Television, Videodisc Recordins

IdentlaerssAustralia, Distance Education, SlowScan Television .This booklet is intended as a reference on the

application of the technology of communicationsystems to distance education. An introductory sec-tion addresses the nature of the interaction imposedby use of various technologies. The next sectionoverviews current telecommunications applicationsbased on these major technologies: radii,, television(closed circuit television, cable television, instructional television fixed service, slow scan television,broadcast television, teletext, viewdata, telidon),and telephone (interactive teaching. telephone linksto data systems). Two standalone systems, whichmay have outstanding applicability to distance education, are then briefly mentioned-the intelligentvideo disc and the Open Universit's Cyclops Sys.tem. The final section addresses terrestrial telecom-munications in the Australian context withprojections for 1990. A list of possible applicationsis provided. (11.8)

ED 198 811 c - ** 1R 009 384liugdahl. Edward 0.Continuing Education for Private Piano Teachers:

A Breakthrough for thePub Dtte-24 Oct 10Note'.9p.;'Paper presented at the National Con.ference on Piano Pedagogy (2pd, CharripsienelL,October 24. 1910).

1 Pub Type Reports Evaluative (142) Spec.ches /Meeting Papers (ISO)

EDF:6 Price MILI/P022 Plus Postage.Descriptors Extension Education, 'Music &funs-

tion, Music Teachers, Professional ContinuingEducation, 'Teleconferencing, Telephone Corn.munications Systems, Telephone Instruction

IdtntiliersDistance EducationFor nine years, the Educational Telephone Net.

wore. (ETN) operated by the University of Wiscon-sin Extension has been used to meet the continuingeducation needs of private piano teachers in thestate by the 'UWEX Music Department. The into receive aural communications system has over 100lister.ing locations throughout Wisconsin, with atleast one in each of the state's 71 counties and oneon each of the 27 campuses of the University ofWisconsin system. Individual locations areequipped with s high fidelity 'speaker and micro-phones celled an EDUCOM unit, and music can betransmitted satisfactorily over the system for teaching purposes. This paper provides an overview ofofferings for private piano teachers, a discussion ofthe eftectiJ eness of d:stanee learning for music. alist of appropriate techniques for such instruction,ands surr.mery of the results of a longitudinal studyof the spring series of courses. An extensive bibliog.raphy is provided, as well as append: es *which in-clude lists of program offerings for 1973.1980, dataDT= the longitudinal study, and examples of bnicburet announcing programs. (MER,) . -

50v" r 7 111: 11,6,1 ,

.+4

:oi-4A,

DIALOG File,: ERIC ; 66-82/Aug (Item 51 of 82) User 8645 3sep82

FO200,1eft S0011251Program Evaluation in Distance Education: Against the

Technologisation of Reason.Yemmi. StephenMay inqn 32n.: A keynote address to the National Workshop

on histance Teaching sponsored by Townsville College of0Advanced Education in co-operation with the AUstralian andSouth Pacific External Studies Association (Townsville.Victoria. Australia. May 11-14. 1980).

FDRC Price - MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage.language: EnglishDocument Type: REVIEW LITERATURE (070);

(1201; CONFERENCE PAPER (150)Geographic Source: Australia; VictoriaOnurnal -Announcement: RIEAUG81Tionds within the literature on program evaluation are

reviewed and the implications of various trends for educationnro explored, with particular relevance for distanceeducation. Distance education is an alternative educationalapproach based on correspondence, broadcasting, and longdistrince communication between teacher and,, student in a'non home based study study situation. two_miqor_trends areidentifiedfirst, the trend toward the technologisation ofreason (i.e.. the acceptance of problem solutions by experts),and second, a trend toward concern With preserving a humandimension (i.e., convivalityl. With regard to educationaleyaluntion, these trends have their counterparts in the movetoward technical/quantitative assessment of performance andobjectives and in the increasing interest in moreinalvidualized and responsive evaluation methodology. A newmodel is proposed to counteract shortcomings of these types ofeveluntion models and of other models in widespread use today(engineering models, ecological models, democratic models,iiiuminative/responsive models, etc.). This new model, basedon-evaiuntion as self-reflection and con'ilVality. comes closerthnn any of the other models to patterning what people do inordinary situations when they try to evaluate without the aidof -mecielists. the asSpecificP.11y. evaluationself reflection model str-...sses rationality. autonomy andrecponcihilitv, the community of interests among participantsin a npecific program,, value differences. explicit rules whichgovern procedures, and appropriate methods for evaluating the

progam or curriculum being studied. The conclusionthat this self-reflective evaluation model can help

educators recognize one another's (and students) social beingano develop a perspective which is more critical andreflective and less dominated by purely technical solutions.(On)Or,ciptors- Correspondence Study; Critical Thinking;

cultuial Context; Educational Objectives; Elementary SeconderyFduc,trion FvaluntIon Criteria; Extension Education; HigherEduGatiem; Literature Reviews; Models; Philosophy: .Progr amFirriluatinfl: trend Analysis

Icinnrif lea's' Olsten .e Teaching

POSITION PAPER

5.1

f.

0

DIALOG Filet: ERIC - 66-82/Aug (Item 45 of 82) User 8645 *.Inp!

ED203809 HE014078Removing Barriers to the'Participation of Adult Learners in

---Higher Education. ASHE Annual Meeting IBB$ Paper.-- ----------Hammer, Petra; -Shale. Douglas.Mar 1981 21p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of

the Association for the Study of Higher Education (Washington.DC, March 3-4, 1981).

EDRS Price - MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: CONFERENCE PAPER (150); RESEARCH REPORT (1431Geographic Source: Canada; AlbertaJournal Announcement: R1ENOV81The effectiveness of open admissions and delivery of

educational services at a distance in serving adult learnersenrolled at Athabasca University, Alberta, Canada, was studiedin 1979-80 through an analysis of demographic and geographicinformation on 2,491 students. Information was gathered on thefollowing characteristics: sex. age, number of people in thehousehold, educational preparation, occupations, reason(s) forpursuing a university education, geographic location,preference for various learning situations, and reason(s) forstudying at Athabasca University. The majority of thuniversity's students were 25 to 44 years old; 63 percent ofits students were female and 37 percent were male. It was

.found that approximately-50 percentOf-the students- atiendin0 -

the university benefited from the open admission policy.Eighteen pertent of the students applied for advanced creditstoward an undergraduate degree based on credit earnedelsewhere. Less than one percent were able to take advantageof the absence of a residency requirement and earned enoughcredits through advanced credit assessment to be granted a__. bachelor of general studies degree. Thirty percent of thestudents were from geographically isolated regions. The fact'that many of the students reside in large cities and big townsindicates that adult leer-tiers prefer the convenience of takinghome study courses. The data suggest that distance educationwith new media and methods serves a new student population,including women and working people. A bibliography Isappended. (SW)Descriptors: Access to Education; Adult Students:

Correspondence Study; Delivery Systems; Educational MedleyExtension Education; Foreign Countries; Geographic Location;

Higher Education; Open Enrollment; Student Characteristics:Student Needs: Transfer Policy: Undergraduate StudentsIdentifiers: *ASHE Annual Meeting; 'Athabasca University AS:

Distance Education

A 52 1

5. Calling the Tune: Communication Technologyfor Working, Learning, and Living. WorkerEducation and Training Policies. Project, By TedCarpenter. 19R0

Examines the primary existing communicationsystems, personal communicationtechnologies, the kind of distributiontechnologies that link these systems andinstruments together.

ED 200 732.. EDAS Price: MF- S0.91, plus postage.Not available in paper copy. Available fromNational institute for Work and Learning, Suite301. 1211 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington, .

DC 20036 (Order No.: PRM 3, $12.00). (90 pp.)

ED 200 765 CE 028 547/'oet L.,rhuraAnik11 ;nterartise instruetiunel Television Pro-

Oetobcy 1, 1979.May 31, 1980. ReportNumber One. Projcet Gverview.

British Colunt:ta lest of Technology, Burnaby.Spons AgencyNfinistry of Education, Science and

Technology, British Columbia.F. Da:e-0:1 80tide -46; ; For ?elated documents see CE 028 548

and CE 025 550.fromBnnsla Columbia Institute of

Tecnnnlitiy, Intsnee Educstion Department,3700 W iliingdos Ave.. Burnaby, Bntish Co-lurnhia. Canada V50 3H2 153.00).

Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price A1F01/PCO2 Plus Postage,DrieriplorsAdult Eduntion, Broad:est Recep-

tion Equipment, Ccrnre.unications Satellites,Courses, Educational Television, PostsecondarySdi.e.cimn. Program Effectis eness, Rural Educe.non, Telecourse'. Television, Television Resea:,:h. 1.11.1eo Equipment

Identiners*Antk B Interactive Instn)ctiocai TVPre;e-t. Bntish Ceumbia, Distance EducationThe AntkB Project is pan of the rwoyear cow

enur.intior.s expenments for which the Ar.ikB sa'atm is being used. The project was deigned toexnlore the possibilities of using Interactive Instructionat Television (11TV) to provide distance post-secondary education for people Was in widelyscattered and sometimes inaccessible areas of Brit.ish Columbia. The project proved to be both educa-tionally feasible and acceptable to the people. This

-'0v emcee, the first of six reports stemming from theproject, deals with the historical propels of the pro-ject end includes comments on how the people in-volved responded to the project as a mediator ofeducation. Is also touches on aspects of the projectdeals with in laser reports. in addition, this Over.view looks at the courses offered, the limits of theproject. and some information gained during thecor.duct of the project. (KG)

ED 200 766Masora Relates

CE 028 54$

Arilt13 !menthe instructional Teleeixion Pro.jeet. Oven/ 1, I979May 31, 1980. ReportNumber Too. The Technical System and ltsOperation.

Bntish Columbia inst. of Technology, Burnaby.Spans AgencyMinistry of Education, Science and

Technology, British Columbia.Pub DateOct 80Note-96p.; Phutogeephs and figures will not re-

produce well. For related documents see CE 028547 and CE 028 550.

Available fromBritish Columbia Institute ofTechnology, Distance Educstion Department,3700 Willingdon Ave., Burnaby, British Co.lumbia, Canada V5G 3H2 ($4.00).

Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price 11F01/PC04 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdult Education, Broadcast Recep-

tion Equipment, 'Communications SatcUites,Eduesuonal Television, Electronic Equipment.

Methods, Postsecondary Education, Rural Edu-cation, Technology, 'Telecommunication',Telecourse", Television. Television Research.V:dec ?qui...to:eat

Idcricifiers"Anik B Lztaranove InitoucinnalProject. British Columbia, Distance EducationThe AolkB Project is part of the two-year com-

munications experiments for which the ArtaBsaknife is being used. The ptbject was desisned tc

. explore the possibilities ofusing Interactive lostrue.dons, Television (11TV) to provide distance post.secondary education for.evople living in widelyscattered and sometimes inaccessible areas of lint.ish Columbia. The project proved to be both educe.tionally feaslle and acceptable to the people. ThisTechnics] Report, the second of six reports stem.erring from the project, traces the history of thedevelopment of the technical system and its °lerlions at the British Columbia Institute of Tech.nology (BC1T) and at the receiving college. Itdescribes each component in the following order.the originating classroom at BCIT; the clusrooms atthe receiving colleges: the video system; the audiosystem; the 12.14 GHt system aboard the AnikBsatellite; and the transmitting and receiving termi-nals made asailable by the Department of Corn.munications, Canada. and the equipment in thereceiving college classrooms. (KC)

ED 200 767 CE 028 550Sharpe. 3101 .4nd °OlenAnikB interactive Instructional Television Pro.

feet, October 1, 1979-May 31, 1980. ReportNumber Four. EvsluAlon Perspectives: A Me.

aad 111tori:1 ;Uskw ul the 1771;El:dust:on.

British Columbia Ins:. of Technology. Burnaby.Spans AgencyMinistry of Education. Science and

Techno;ugy, Bkitian Colurobis.Pub DateOn 30Note-216p.; For related documents see CE 028

547546Available fromBritish Columbia Institute of

Technology, Distance Education Department,3700 Willingdon Ave.. Burnaby. Bntish Co-lumbia, Canada V5G 3112 (510.00).

Pub Ty pe Reports Descriptive (141) ReportsEvaluative (1421

EDRS Price N1F01/PC12 Plus Postage.DescnptorsAdult Education. Communicstions

Satellites, Educational Television, Posisecondcry Education, Program Effectiveness, ProgramEvaluation, Rural Education. Telecotuses,Television, Television Research

IdentifienArtik B Interactive Instructional TVProject, British Columbia, Disunce EducationThe AnikB project is pen of the twoyear corn -

municntions experimenu for which the ArtikB se.tellitc u being used. The project u designed toexplore the possibilities of using Interactive Ir.sinic-tional Television (11TV) to provide distance post-secondary education for people living in widelyscattered and sometimes inaccessible areas of Brit-ish Columbia. The project pros ed to be both educe.tionally feasible and acceptable to the people. ThisEvaluation Perpecti%es report, the fourth of six reports stern.mine from the project, deals with the his-torical f:VieV, of the IITV project. concentrating onan orderly elarr.;:istion of the fir.dings contained inthe vsrious sLbrnissior.s collected by the project ad-ministratcts The report ..ndertskes to (1) resewthe objectives, history. and scope of British Ca1=1-.14 1r...sr.:me of Technology's 11T' evaluation;(2) clusify, 1.-1.z..mance. and assess the evaluativestatements that have been collected; (3) specify11TV' problems w hick. on the basis of the evaluation,appear to require further study; and (4) identifyevaluation problems connected with studies of thisnature. In genera/, the data svggest that the expenmeat encountered enthusiasm for Iry in general.but not for the time, stafTine. budget. and program.ins guidelines imposed on the pilot project. (KC)

ED 201 313 IR 009 267hies. &meld Crtiaell. Jr.A Test of Four SlooScae Television Symms for

Remote Tucking.Information Futures. Pullman. Wash.Report No.ISBN09314501311Pub Date-79Note-85p.Available fromInformation Futures, 2217 College

Station, Pullman, WA 99163 (59,50).Pub Type. Reports Evaluative (142)

Tests/Questionnaires (160)EDRS Price ht F01 Plus Postage. PC Not Avail

bit from EDRS.Detcriptors Comparative Analysis, Costs,

'IL9taipment Evaluation, Field Tests. Higher Edercation, thformstion Dissemination, Question-naires, Studeot Attitudes, Tables (Data),Teacher Attitudes, *Television Research, Video-tape Recording

identifierspilt/UM Teaching, Slow ScanTelevisionA study to evaluate four different black and white

aloe scan television (SSTV) systems as informationdelivery systems was conducted us:es four classesof university students, one at the graduate level andthree at the underpaduste level. Each class viewedvideotaped examples from the Tout SST' systemsduring one classperiod, and were ast ed to rate vari-ous physical characteristics of each system, usingquestionnaire, and to then rank the systems in orderof preference. Faculty members attended demon-strations which featured one of the SSTV systems,and were subsequently interviewed to determinetheir perceptions of the systems. Results indicatedthat students preferred a totobottorn scan,medium resolution, and a frame time of I to 30seconds; they ranted the Robot Model 630 as mostdesirable. Interviews with faculty indicated that,while they accepted the concept of SST', all butone had no immediate application to their testae&tive areas. The appendices include the script of thetest program, the student questionnaire, a comparisea of the SSTV systems, and a tabulation of voiceand videoeircuit transmission costs. Thirty refer-epees are provided. (Author/DK)

ED 201 797 CE 028 788Lambert. uehael P.. Ed wdeil 1,s11,s R . EdHume Study. Student Services Handbook.National Home Study Council. Washington. DCPub Date-81Note-2o7p.: For related documents see ED 153

795 and ED 153 943At aiiable fromNational Home Study Council.

1601 11th St.. N W.. Washington. DC 28009(S25 00: 10', discount on quanta) orders)

Pub Type Guides Non.Classroom (0551Optniun Papers (120)

EDRS Price hIFOI1PCIO Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdministratke Principles. Adminis

trate: Attitudes. Administrator Guides. AdultEducation. Ancillary School Services. *Corre-spondence Schools. Correspondence Stud)Definitions. Guidelines. Home Stud). Instruc-tional Materials. Learning Moto aunts.. Woks-tion Techniques. 'Program Administration.'Program Development. 'Program Implements.non. Public Relations. Rectirdleeping Rc.ords(Forms). Staff I libation. Student Mon% ation.Teaching Methods. Teaching SkillsThis handbook contains 14 essays on practiesl

skills necessary for providing instru:tional and administrathe services to correspondence studentsTopics covered in indi% idual essays include the deftnition of student sem an ci% en leo of instrt.c.tional sees ice. star supers mon. erectise schoolrecord keeping. principles of communications.mom ational learning theory in home stud). mow 3lion theory applied. evaluation and grading of stardent Mork. a student's stet% of the home sitIOprocess. aneillsr) services. public relations in theeducsoo department. developing a correspondcore stud) zegree program combined home stud)residence trsini.1 courses. and schie%,:ment andcompletion doct.ments The ess3) s hich tar) inlength flOT to pages. contrn spesific kuggcslions for program itnclementstion .n mat ,sngiryfrom hos' to estsb,sh recods in igsJing .nativelydr%.Ved j;;"0".3% T'e aath irs are at pij,;(Irietpcts in ihir field 151N)

53 ,

ED 202 267 HE 013 721Lemon:. Theo R.Student Perceptions of Instructional Quality of

Corrupundnce Study Courses: Report of a NineSchool Contperstive Study.

Spab ns Aiencygentucky Univ., Lexington.Pu Date-79Note-112p.Pub Type Reports Evaluative (142) Nursed.

Quantitauve Data (110)EDRS Price MFOI/PC05 Plus Postage.DescriptorsComparative Analysis, *Correspond-

ence Study, Course Evaluation, EducationalQuality, External Degree Programs, Independ-mst Snidy, Questionnaires, 'Student Attitudes,Student Evaluation of Teacher Performance, Stu-dept Teacher Relationship, Summative Evalua-tionThe focus and purpose of this study are two-fold:

(1) to assess, by means of an evaluation question-nuke, the academic quality of and satisfaction withcorrespondence study programscauses, instruc-tions. and administrative staff -u perceived by thestudents who enroll in and complete courses offeredby them; and (2) to examine the population itself interms of who enrolls in independent study coursesand connections between various demographic factors such as age, sex, and marital status. Data weretaken from a representative sampleii time drawnfrom independent study students completingcourses at nine taidwestern and southeastern uni-versities between December 1978 and April 1979.Among the results reported are: the majority of settdents rated their courses very good for academicquality; students were Jangled with teacherstudentcommunication; no significant connection surfacedon demographic characteristics; and students re-ported willingness to take more independent studycourses. An identified weakness was lack of activeinvolvement and cooperation of college and univerany administrators in correspondence study; moststudents learned of the courses through other stu-dents. Appendices include aggregate mud* suds-tical tables; results of 5uestioas on administrativematters; and an evaluative questionnaire and astu-dent data sheet. (LC)

ED 202 619 'RC 012 701'Wagoner. GordonCurriculum Expansion Efforts of a Small High

School. Nevin.Liberty School District, Spangle, Wash.Pub Date-17 Jun 81Note-13p.Pub Type Reports.. Descriptive (141)EDRS Price MFOI/PC01 Plus Postage..DescriptorsCareer Counseling. Career Explore.

tion, Correspondence Study, Curriculum En.richment, Disabilities, Disadvantaged. DropoutRate, High School Students. 'Individualized In.struction. 'Program Effectiveness. Rural Schools,School Districts, Secondary Education. SexStereotypes, Small Schools. 'Vocational Educe-tion

Ider.tifiersLiberty High School WA, Washington,(Spangle)Liberty High School's experimental project using

ct"respondence courses to expand curriculum offer.tngs. begun in 1977. increased vocational offeringsfrom 12 tr.. nearly 2.000 by 1979 and provided ca.reef exploration, opportunities for its 167 studentsAll students and incoming freshmen for 1977.78had an opportunity to select at least one corresivndence vocational course which matched theirinterests or needs Students were counseled duringthe course selection process and given the Cali.fornia Occupational Preference System to help de.termine their interests The Occupation OutlookHandbook helped them select courses to conformwith tot market needs Trial lessons ss ere used todetermine students' abilities to cope with chosencourses Because two teachers and an aide ere assigned to the con,spondence students. the programprovided indi%idualized instruction Student in.ohement doubled from the first year to the second

(from 111:, of the student hod) enrolled the first yearto 24% the second year); the students were morecommitted to their training than most regular stu-dents. Male and female students were encouragedto break stereotypes by trying areas of interestrather than those dictated by tradition. The projectalso gave many opportun :ties ;o special needs stu-dents (handicapped and dzadventsged). There wereno school dropouts during the project. (CM)

,IC 810 399ED 203 944Glenn. Neal D.Colleges and Cable Franchising. s

PubtrateApr 81Note-16p.; Paper presented at the Annual Con

vention of the American Association of Community and Junior Colleges (61st, Washington,DC, April 30.22, 1981).

Pub Type Speeches /Meetine Papers (150) Reports Descriptive (141)

EDRS Price h1F01./PC01 Plus Postage,DescriptorsCable Television, College Role,

Community' Colleges, Educational Television,'Program Costs, Program Development, SchoolResponsibility, Two Year Colleges

Identifiers 'Franchising. Television AccessAfter noting issues of audience appeal and !inn.

cial and philosophical support for educationalbroadcasting, this paper urges community collegesto .play an active role in the process of cable fran-chising. The paper first describes a cable franchiseas a contract between a government unit and thecable television (CAT') company which specifieswhat services the company will provide in return foruse of public rights of way for its cables. The paperthen discusses five franchising problems, includingthe tendency of CAT' companies to promise morethan they can deliver; the possibility that CATVfees may preclude minority participation; and theuncertainty over what the public is willing to pay forCAT'. A rationale for college participation in theCAT' franchising process is then presented, whichcites the need for colleges to keep up with emergingCAT' technologies and the colleges' obligation toaddress social issues in the franchising process.After identifying the risks of this involvement, thepaper presents five guidelines for participation: (1)become ins dived early in the franchising. process;(2) take on an activist role, (3) become informedabout relevant political and technological issues; (4)recognize the need for collaborative efforts withother institutions; and (S) plan for the costs of par-ticipation. The paper concludes with a list of prob.terns to be addressed to fulfill CATV's educationalpotential. (JP)

ED 205 062 HE 013 965Gunning. RobertRegulations and Legislation Regarding Corre-

spondence Education. A Suney of Five Countrieswith Recommended Guidelines for DevelopingCountries.

International Council for Correspondence Educe-don.

Spons AgencyUnited Nations Educational,Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris(France).

Pub Date-31 Mar 78Note-72p.Available fromUNESCO, Place de Fontenay,

75700 Paris, France.Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Availa-

ble from EDRS.DescriptorsAcadesic Standards, Accreditation

(Insututions). Consumer Protection, 'Corte.spondence Study, Developing Nations, Educe.tional Malpractice, Federal Regulation. ForeignCountries, Higher Education. Legislation. NeedsAssessment. Policy Formation. Public Agencies,Surveys

IdentifiersFrance, India. United Kingdom,United States, West GermanyDifferent types of existing regulations and legisla-

tion for correspondence education in France. WestGermany, India, the United Kingdom, and theUnited States are reviewed for the benefit of othercountries developing policies. For each country sur-veyed, four sections ate provided in the report- abrief description of the educational system. as context for correspondence education; the place of cotrespondence education. lepsIation an.'.affecting correspondence education and a shonsummary of how the regulation and legislation makecorrespondence education mstituttons reputableand responsible The four man conclusions of thestudy are (I) legislation and regulations car. be either directed toward correspondence stud!. or con.cern a variety of goods and services. includingcorrespondence stud (cons.one: ;tote:no:i. (2)severe' types of legislation and regulanon ems toe.tional or regional leg:sianse. p.:b:Ic tei.:storyagency. and leg:slat :or core -ning r"ate ins:nom esc.us:s el) ). (3) r7eN idesanother type of contral. and tc t there etc three enatnapproaches to the consume: pootecuor needed incorrewndence education I coma:term: standardsenfordEsbie . consumer pressure rows. andgovernment monitoring bodies) Guidelines areprovided for des eloping countries Is antlng to tmprose correspondence education A bibliography.directory of organisations. and a brief note on thenature of correspondence education an appended(MSE)

lIR 009 263I'M 206 260

Iowa Arthur:1 And OthersFuture Applitetions of Electronic Techan100 so

Education, ..

Florida Univ.. Gainesville.Sporn Agency - Florida State Dept of Education,

Tallahassee. i

Pub DateNov 78Note-36p.; A Resource P t per fur a Slates% tale Con.

Thee Future of E ucation in Florida (Feb-rusty 6, 1979). Prepared for the SoutheasternRegional Consortium Planning Project.

Pub Type Opinion Papers (120) InformationAnalyses. (070)

EDRS Price h1F01/PCO2 Plus Postage.DescriptorsCommunications Satellites, fecicm

pule! r.dueational Methods, 'Educationalnology, Electronic Equipment, Futures (ofSociety), Holography, Lasers, Microcomputers,Telecommunications, Vidiodisc RecordingsDevelopments in electronii technology that have

improved and linked together telecommunicationand computers are discussed, as well as their use ininstruction, implications of this use, and. associatedissues. The first section briefly describes the follow-ing developments! microcomputers and micro-processors. bubble memory, lasers. holography,optic fibers, satelliteto-rooftop communications,videodiscs, chargecoupled devices and the mile'.tion of electronic technology to communication.The potential of these developments for educationis then explored by showing how telecommunicalions and computers can be used in instructionalprograms as a source of information, a source ofdynamic interaction, or resources for managing instruction The possible impact of electronic tech-nology on educational aims and content is alsodiscussed. as well as the question of when and whereelectronic technology will be used in education. Abibliography of 29 items is included. (Author/CHC)

ED 207 451Chown. Fobio J.

HE 014 401

A Course Evaluation System In an Open Universits.

Pub DateJul 81Note-154p.; M.Ed., Pennsylvania State Univer-

sity. For related document see HE 014 358.Pub Type Tests/Questionnaires (160) Disser-

tations/Theses Masters Theses (042)EDRS Price NIF0I/PC07 Plus Postage.DescriptorsCollege Instruction, Course

Evaluation, Course Objectives, Evaluation Criteria, *Evaluation Methods, Evaluative Thinking.Higher Education, Independent Study, Models.'Open Universities. Outcomes of Education.Textbook Evaluation

IdentifierssUniversidad National Abieno ofVenezuela. VenezuelaA model is presented for response to evaluating

instruction in a university based on the teachinsatadistance concept. Technically appropriate and op-erationally viable, this model is applied to theNational Open University of Venezuela (L'NA).The model is based on two principles of educationalevaluation: (1) the concept of evaluation as a sup-porting activity for decisionmaking. by providingthe adequate information to each decision level andfor each type of decision; and (2) the idea thatevaluation has to be responsive to the concerns,needs, and specific situation of the intended audi-ences. Chapter 1 reports the purpose of the study,the conceptual framework, the institutional context,evaluation "hypotheses" and the research organiza-tion Chapter 11 reviews the literature with focus onthe Open University, an evaluation of instructionalsystems and a summary of requirements for thecourse evaluation system (CES). Chapter 111 pre.unto the method and design ezamining such areasas evaluation stages, evaluation criteria, guidelinesfor reporting. and recommendations. Recommends.lions focus on UNA action necessary to implementthe model such as initiating the model through aninstitutions! seminar Appendices include the ques.tionnaire for the evaluation of course plans. ques.tionnaue for the evaluation by experts of teats andstud) guides. questionnaire for the evaluation ofaudiovisual programs, and a student survey of thelocal center services. (LC)

54,1

.

WO11481 cro2nrinGA Survey of Enrly SUN Program Enrollees: Pre/Post Enrollment

Decisions and Attitudes Regarding Their Continuing Education.Pi own. tawroure A.. OrUniversity of Mid-America. Lincoln, Nebr.Apr ieRi or,p.

Sponsoring Anpncy: National Inst. of Education ((MEW).Washinuton. O. C.

Report No.. UMA-TR-5(;rant No Nlf.G-75.0001Available from. Office of Information and Publications.

Univel.;ity of Mid-America. P.n. Box 82006, Lincoln. NE 68501.picn MFOI /PC03 Plus Postage.

language: EnglishDocument typo: EVALUATIVE REPORT (142); RESEARCH REPORT

Geographic Source: U.S.: NebraskaOnienal.Announcement: R1EDEC81The University of Mid-America (UMA) coeducted a telephone

curvey_of over MO lts__enrolled in distance learningourCses offer6d tcY.the State University of Nebraska (SUN).then UMA's course delivery system in Nebraska, during thefirst three SUN course offering periods. The survey wastindertal,on to determine the degree to which early SUNenrollees elected to take SUN courses rather than to enroll intraditional on-campus programs and to study the effects of SUNr.ouine participation on enrollees' subsequent continuingeducation behaviors and attitudes. Survey data reveals thefollowing: (il SUN course enrollment has had only a nlight, ifany. effect on the net overall decreaSe_in-.77.NfIBT'allSapostsecondary campus enrollments; 42) the relatively highcleric en of satisfaction on the part of early SUN enrollees wasinstrumental in their ensuing participation in formal orinformal educational pursuits: (31 a significant number of SUNcourse participants have acquired the knowledge or skillsnecessary to seek new employment opportunities or jobadvancement: enrollment in college-level televisioncourses tends to promote participation in further televisioncoup se offerings; and (5) SUN course completers who seek totransfei SUN course credits to their higher educationinstitutions are generally successful in doing so. (MN)

potlCriptOrs. AccpqS to Education; Adult Education;acontinuina Education; Correspondence Study; Demography;Educational. Television; Enrollment Trends: NontraditionalEducation: eutcomes of Education; Participant Sat isfaction;Watticipation: Postsecondary Education; aerogramEffm:tivelooss: Questionnaires: State Surveys; StudentAttitudes; c:oirvel,s

ldentifieis Nebraska: State University of Nebraska;University of Mid America NE

55 ...4..

Aspinwall-Lamberts, Julie.Telecourse Survey Results.Eugene, Oreg.: Lane CommunityCollege, 1981. ED 203 959; 18pages.

A survey of 278 students whocompleted at least one of six telecoursesoffered by Lane Community College(LCC) from fall 1978 through winter1981 was conducted to determine:1) background information on howstudents learned about the course, theirreasons for enrolling and for selecting atelecourse rather than an on-campuscourse, and their LCC enrollment status;2) course delivery information rek.ted tostudents' contact with the instructor; theappropriateness of the level, pace, andformat of the programs; and thestudents' tendency to view the modulesmore than once; 3) course materialinformation about the use and value ofstudy materials, "after watching"

activities, and videotexts; 4) generalcourse information about the value of thecourse, temptation to drop the course,and particular features liked and dislikedby the students; 5) general telecoursesatisfaction and suggestions. Studentswere given the option of answering ques-:ion about their age, sex, and employ-ment status. Selected findings, based on222 responses, reveal that most of thestudents (56.8 percent) learned about thecourses through LCC mailings, and that

.44.1 percent of the respondents took thecourse to earn credit, 33.3 percent had ageneral interest in the subject, and 14percent viewed the courses for profes-sional improvement. The survey reportbriefly-describes the telecourses andsummarizes findings. The instrument isappended.

56

FD206211 11F01.1028Distance Education in Entwicklungslandern.German foundation for.Internationa1 Deve1onment. Bonn (West

Germenvl.Lein 1980 leap.: Not available in paper copy due to

marginal lectibility of original document. Pages 3-14 inGot mail..

EpPS Price MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.laumlue' EnglishDocument Type: CONFERENCE PAPER (150): CONFERENCE

PROrfED1NGS (0211; PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Geographic Source: Germanykleerea1 Announcement: RIEOANR2ceminer and conference reports and working papers on

distance education of adults, which reflect the experiences of

many count, ien, are presented. Contents include the draftreport of the 1079 International Seminne on Distance Education

6pld in Addis Melba, Ethiopia, which was Jointly sponsored bythe Uelted Nations Economic Commission for Africa and the

Getman foundation for International Development. Conferenceobjectives were: to analyzei the experiences gained in distance

education projects and to Consider means of promoting

international cooperation at all educational levels; to

consider staff training and development in support of distanceseiocation projects; to discuss' the role of the university in

distance education; and to consider the possible formation ofan Afiran network of open universities. Program informationis also presented on the 1979 Open University Conference oethe Education of Adults at a Distance. held in Birmingham,

london. Conference topics included the target populations for

distance education of adults, general principles and

methodology of distance education, and collaboration at

national, regional, and international levels. the following

working pipers from the Open University conference are

presented. "Distance Learning and the Leq. University," by

Rohet H. Mayhury; "The Open University System at UnamiMexirol," by Augusto Moreno y Mureno: "Training and Educationof leachers in Higher Education in Developing Countries," by

L. P. H. Elton; "lhe Philippine Experience in Distancerdur:ation: Case Studies in a Developing Country," by A. O.

fine7a; and 'IEC's Experience of International Cooperation:International Eletemion College " (SW)

nesriptoi*;: 'Adult Students; Case Studies: DevelopingNations; Ewtension Education; Faculty Development; Foreign

COmOrles: Higher Education; *International EducationalFiChnimn; 'Open Universities; Outreach Programs; ProfessionalCnntinumq fOucation; Regional Cooperation

Identifiels Africa; Distance leaching; Germany; Mexico;

epee Univeisity (Great Britain); PhlliPPiller.

5'1,

.Law

DIALOG Filet: ERIC - 68-82/Aug (Item 43 of 82) User 8645 3snpR

ED205064 HE014029Distance Education for Development. Proceedings of an

International Seminar (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 13-15,19791.Hakemulde. den R.. Ed.German Foundation for International Development, Bonn (West

Germany).Sep 1979 404p.Sponsoring Agency: Unified National Economic Commission for

Africa.Report No.: 00K-1018-A/aMRS Price - MFOI/PC17 Plus Postage.lanqUagn: EnglishDocument Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (021)Geographic Source: EthiopiaJournal Announcement: RIEDEC81Government: InternationalAn extensive final report of the proceedings of an

international seminar on distance education in developingnations of Africa includes presented papers, discussionproceedings, and views of several participants. Contentsinclude the following: notes on the origin of the UnitedNations Economic Commission for Africa's initiative indistance education; notes and texts from the plenary sessions,including papers on planning for distance education,systems in other developing nations inside and outside Africa,sharing of materials, and vocational training; committeereports on analysis of experiences and internationalcooperation, staff training and development; the role of theuniversity. and exchange of materials; a general report;resolutions of the seminar; closing speeches; and notes onseminar evaluation, conclusions, and the current situation forfunding from outside sources. (MSE)Descriptors: Agency Cooperation; Case Studies; College Role:

Developing Nations; Extension Education; external DegreePrograms; Financial Support; Foreign Countries; InstitutionalCooperation; Instructional Materials; InternationalEducational Exchange; Program Development; VocationalEducation

Identifiers: Africa

,,

ED 207 455 HE 014 410Plan fur the Macrican Open Unlverslrp.Untversity of Mld.Amcncs, Lincoln, Ncb.Pub Date-Jul $1Noie-109p.Avsssb1e from-University of Mid'Amecics, Ter-

minal Building, 941 "0" Street, Lincoln, NE6g50$.

Pub Type- Reports- Evaluative (142)EDRS Price MFOI/PCO5 Plus Postage.Descriptors-Access to Education. 'Adult Sits-

dents, 'College Credits, Continuusg Education,Dcl:very Systems, Eiperimental Colleges. HigherEducation, Innovation, 'Nontraditional Educe.Iton, 'Open Universities, Put Time Studetits,Prior Learning, Telecommuntcatioas, 'Work En.penerace

fdenWiers-Anscncaa Open University NE, 'Die.tance Teaching, Mission Statements, Unaversnyof Mid America NEThe plan for the University of Mld-Acilca to

establlth th autonomous, fully accredltd Auseti-can Open University (AOU) u presented. AOU, auniversity for working idulls who wish to studypart.me, will utilize modern communications tech.aclogies and methods of distance educatlou. TheAmerican Open University will bee nationwide aye.tern that will provide educational opportunities foradults wh are unwilling or unable to participate Inconventional programs. Tb. AOU programs wilLsupplement those at conventional Institutions byproviding a cunlculum (or each degree that studentscan complete th,oug testing sad transfer scivicesalong. A program of AOU.sponsorsd Lasmctioowill be offered in each degree program for studentsrequiring additional course work to complet, thedegree. Thes. courses will be made available to arts.dents through innovative dclivmy techniques thatutilize the mails, various conununlcatloe media, andthe network of local study centers created by AOUAOU will award credit for learning through naniferof credits from other institutions, through standard-ied ezanunitions, and though assessment oflearn.lag from eapenence. Credit will also be awarded forcnilitay occupation specialities and for aoncoUe-ate courses approved for credit by the AmericanCouncil on Education. It is argued that Americanadult.s need coabnuing sceu to educational oppor-euniuee so that they can keep pace with the changesLa society. A summary of AOU programs and set.vices is attached. (CC)

p(r 597 IR 009 716,. Sandra Arid Others

..t1itf Applications for PubUc Service: Project

..- for International Development (Dept. ofAWashington, D:C, Clearinghouse on Deve..

i,-rnt Communication.i. Use-Apr 79. er - 33p.

p..' 'T%-p-- ReporU - Descriptive (141)MF01/PC)l Plus Postage.

ptos-'Cotnmunications Satellitci, 'Eaten-s.. EducatiOn, Foreign Counmei, 'Information'.r:t'r1.s. Medical Services, Objectives, 'Out.,.r...i Programs, Professional Continuing Educe-av. ura' Deveiopmet, 'Satellite Facilities

5C? :.',cr-.Cansdi 'Tisstance Education, india,-m Sutes

of If d tYcrent projects involi'ing the.' PAICUitC conirnunici lions are presented La this'-. inJwdng PEACESAT Education and Corn-

f... .liO EsperUTienta. USP Networl. Satellite,.nication Project, Project Satellite. Satethie

TelevisiOn Eaperizoent (SITE), App. .... :.ar Education Satellite Program, Alaska Edu

Demonstration: ATS-6, Teierncdicthe inSatellite Technology Demonstration

" A P.11 Regionalized Medical EducationI i-'-i'cnt, Veterans Administration Health Corn-r.r;a,('n5 Espenment on ATS.6 and HER-

CTS Univ ersit of Quebec Omnibus.-e l,'U%CrSi1t of Wste Ontario Telemedi-iht,v, Factory Eperimenl). Memorial Uni'- 7eiemedicr.ne Project Interchange-

CtS. Curnculum Sharing b) Digital TV:CTS Interactive Broadband Cornmuni-

'.eoj HEFMES'CrS. Persc,nnel Devel.Se;,:e HEF. MES C15, and

t. A 'TA SieJiie Radw Frcjeci lER' CT'. E.s:). su!n1n-) ctns a dr%cnrion o

e pRJec: oh)c::ive, type of mcdii. iponsc'r. duratton V the prolect. and- -' ..: re'v'n De-scripions and results of eachP.. at g'.cri as well ,.s references (CHC)

/

ED208156 CE00.tStanford B. K. And OthersDistance Education. Occasional Paper Ni.iiit

SubmLasluu to Committee of Eaqulry late Edoe In South Australia..

South Australian Dept. nIF-arther E4ucstia. 'aide. TAPE Clcannghotsse.

Spoisi Agency-Committee of Es.quiry into E.anon in South Australia, Mdi d't.

Report No-ISBN-0-7243.9155 TATE-OP SPub Date-Oct *0Note-56p.; For related documents see CE 00 r

and CE 030 190.Pub Type- Information Analyses (070)-

Descriptive (141)EDRS Price- MFl/PCll3 Phia Postage.Dcscripicre-'Adult Educadoti, 'Adult Prvgrses

Adult Students, 'College Curriculum. Con unus

Study, Learning Mãtivsdon, Nontradidon.s1 Lcation, Poitseconde.ry Education, Program C.teat, Program Effectiveness, PrrçesImptemantation, Student Characteristics. SttaMotivation, Technical Education, 'VocateEducation

IdenWler*-Australla (South Australia) 'DistsEducation, 'Open College of Further Educa(Australia)Distance education-adult Independent arudy 'i

correspondence-lI provided in South Australia ythe Open College of Further Education. TheCollege provides mainly posts.coadaq ceavocatsottal education sad technical trsinin, 'leading to certificates or diplomas. In addition- '.Open College has links with Institutions at hijIeducation through which students may take çate and inservice teacher training courses.Open Collsgs Ii part of the Department of F1e5kEducation network of colleges, and shares fscel?fand inching materials with other Dirwork COUu*

Open College was stazted at the begtwS1970. and grew with the decide. Thousands o($ts

-dents have taken courses, and more than 32.0have graduated. The college serves not only the rwcal population, but also many mctroolitia 5nidcwho find it difllcult to attend regulu contintarleducation classes because of work orschedules, commuting costs, or personal prate'for independent study. Students who havedistance education courses have rc,iporsded with

very positive comments about their esPeri1

(The bpcn College publishes a student ne%1P''a copy of which Is included La thisdocumint.)(X0

it.0208843 1R009752MarTin. Yvonne MAn Esperim,ntal UiInlry Course via Ieteric-

die Satellite: Some FlzdLags and Impllcadoas.Pub Date-Mar SINatelip.; Paper prescntcd at the Annual StE.

TAR Conference C7th. Vancouver, British Co.tumbia. March 11-15, 19S1).

Pub Type- Reports- Descriptive (141)- Reports- Evaluative (142) - SpeechesiMeeiixsg Papers(150)

EDRS Price - MPOI/Pai Plus Postage.Descnpicir,-Adminisu'atcrs, 'Communications

Satdlluira. 'Educational Adininiatration. ForeignCounmes. Higher Edt.'caiion, 'Online Systems,Summauve Evaluation, Tclecomnswiicitions,'Telecoursea

Idenriilers-'Canada. 'Distance Educationin the fall of 1979 a third-year course in educa-

tional administration it the University of Victoriawas presented via an interactive communication ii-tethle s.led Anik B. Students enrolled in this zstCanadian university satellite course for credit were65 administrators and potential administrators ofschools, and classes met in community colleges infive interactive centers falling within satellite range.Meetings were once a week for ten weeks in class-rooms equipped with television monitors and tele-phones. Instructors retained responsiblity forcourse structure aad content, as well as for the or-gani.ranon and administration of this distance studyprogram. An evaluation of the first and last sessionof the writs assessed the pedagogical moves (verbaland nonverbal) of the instructor, and instructor at-tempts to create and maintain a sense of a singlecla.ss among the students Ifl the five locations. It wasfound titati (I) the system slloed instructors toapproach the face-to-face setting :los&y althoughthe technoleg) did not ,.11ow much :crpersonalcoo.muniation; (2) the in.strJctor broLght to theezicriencC cultural Irsdlticzu md values from class.room teaching and television viewing; and (3) therewas evidence of the instructor's domination of thelesson processes. (MER)

59

ED 210 040 JR 009 860Reid-Smith. Edward P. UEnezul Studi Ia Ubrar and Informatlos

Sciaace.Office of Reasatch in Ubvarianship, Wagga Wang,

(Australia),Report No.-ISBN.0-949366-00-$Pub Date-$0NoteI 27p,Available fromOlne of Research in Ubrerian-ship, P.O. Box 744, Wagga Wings, NSW 2650,Australia ($3.50 Australian)

Pub Type- Collected V'orks - General (020) -Reports. Descriptive (141)

EDRS Price- MFO1 Phi, Postage. PCNOI Availa-bl. from EDRS.

Desenpiors-Coirespondence Sttsdy, 'EatemalDegree Programs, Feasibility Studies, ForeignCountries, Individual Instruction, 'Ubrary Edu.cation, 'Library Science, Pilot Projects, 'ProgramDevelopment, Student Needs, 'Teaching Meth-ods, Telephone instruction

ldentiflers-Australia, 'Distance Education, Scot-land, South AfricaA collection of nine commissioned pipers, one

each from Scotland and South Africa sad eight fromAustralia, addsess provisions for and problems withdistance education for libtariaasblp. Componentsand applications of directed private study itt Scot-land and the development, educational philosophy,methods, problems, and standards of correspond'cone courses in librarianship at the University ofSouth Africa comprise Part I. Pan II focuses anAustralian eapenences in external studies La hibrarianship. Four of these papers describe various pro-grams, end together they discuss programdevelopment, teaching methods problems, degreerequirements, student profile, cost, courses, studentnesda, a-id cottaci modes. Isolation sad the eater-nai stud .st. a feasibility study on an eaternal studyfor librarianship, sad an evaluation of a pilot study

'combining on-campus and off-campus work are thetopics of the re"g three papers. A discussionby the cditoi of philosophies and practices of eater-nal studies serves as en introduction to the papers.References see included for us of the papers, andbiographical motes on the authors are provided.'(RBF)

ED 210 498 CE 030 765,Pjthwthon. Mii1e Lovbg'Adapting 'Distance L.srilag" Zastinctias es

Older Adelt Differeesse,Pub Date-Apr *1Note.-28p.; Piper presented it the Annual Meet'

ing of the American Educational Research As-sociation (Los Angeles, CA, April 19*1).

Pub Type- Opinion Papers (120) - Speeches!.Meeting Papers (ISO)

EDRS Pile.. MPO1/PO)2 Plus Postage.Deseriptors-'Adult Education, 'Adult barning,

Adults, Correspondence Study, 'Home Study, in-ditidual Characteristics, 'Individual Differenees,'instructional Design, Instructional Devclop-ment, Nontraditional Education, Older Adults,'Teaching Methods

ldentiflers-'Diau.nce Education. Distance Teach-ing

As distance learning plays an increasing role inadult educcuoti, Instruction to older adults must beadapted for issdiiduat learner differences. Twostereotypic adut education client groups have beendescribed' the I AVY adult (Schooled, Active, Ver-bal. Younger) aud the ONUS adult (Older, Non-Verbal, Unschooled, Sedentary). Instructionalmethods that work for one type of learner fail euhthe other. The SAVY learsier is benefited by higherload methods that tend to be more discovery-ori-ented, non-directive, unstructured, open ended, tin-guided approaches. Most effective for ONUSstudents are those lower load methods which arehighly oreniaed with ihorter sequences in instruc-tion, rapid and accurate feedback about perfor-mince, and many directive instructions. Ofimportance for the design of instruction for adults isa curious antagonisnr that has been found betveenlcerr.:r4 and the enjoyment of instruction Adul:learners tend t report enjoyir.g that instructionaltncthcd from hi:. thes leirnec the leist Sugges.tions fr des'gr.:r.g i:j::ior.s programs for ac,idistance learr.ir,g are that those instructioni nieth-oth lower sr. ir.!orrnat:or. processirg ioa are proba-hI) most eflective and formative evaluation isneeded in deveJpin irsitructionit programs, andONUS adults should be prcwrnel with learnitig,tstegiei. while SAVY adults shoulc be urged to usestrategies aircad) acquired (YL.B)

- - .. -. -- -

ED2094:31 CE030361International Dimensions of Distance Education: A

Perspective from the British Open University.Moore, Michael G.tsai ep.; Paper presented at the Americen'Adult Education

Conferonr:e'DRS Price mrot/Pc01 Plus Postage.Langunge EnItishDocument Tyre: POSITION PAPER (120): CONFERENCE PAPER (150)fieographic Source; United Kingdom; England

Onurntal Announcement: RIEAPR82Ihin conference paper consists of a sketch of the British

Open University at work as well as a brief commentary encurrent developments in the fields of communicationtochnnIngy, course design. instruction. and current trends indistance education. Provided first are statistics pertainingto curtent enrollment and enrollment projections. student bodyonmnns;tion.. stacf size, and the extent of services providedby thn University. Such issues as the relative feasibility ofvarious audio. video, and telecommunications equipment;modification of correspondence 'units; and the effect ofdistance teaching on the nature of knowledge are covered.Described next are four new courses offered by the OpenUniversity and collaboration efforts between the OpenUniversity and outside agencies. Four trends in distanceeducation are mentioned: the boom in distance education; thetrend, to apply distance teaching to a curriculum derived fromthe disciplines first and then move to a curriculum derivedfrom the broad field of adult concerns; the trend incommunications technology towards more individualizedlearning; and the trend towards specialization in distanceeducation. MN)Descriptors: Adult Education; Communications; *Continuing

Education; *Educational Practices; Educational Trends;fnollment; Extension Education; Independent Study;Individualized Instruction; Instruction; Nnntraditional-Education; Open Enrollment; 'Open Universities; OutreachPflurnms; Program Descriptions; Program Development; StudentCharacteristics

Identifiers. Distance Education; Open University (GreatOrttalri)

GU

DIALOG Filet: ERIC - 66-82/Aug (Item 41 of 82) User 8645 3sepfl:

f0206207 114009446Satellite -based Distance Education: Canadian Experiences.Potter, Geoff 0.Mar 1981 190.; Best copy available. Paper presented at the

Annual Conference of the SIETAR (7th: Vancouver. British.Columbia. March 11-15. 1981).FORS Price - MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141); CONFERENCE PAPER

(150)Geographic Source: Canada; British ColumbiaJournal Announcement: RIEOAN82This report traces the successful evolution of Canada's

experiments in satellite-based distance education, whichprovided the framework for Canada's most recent investment in19 new eploratory projects In satellite communications. Aswell as a commitment to the accessibility ofsatellite-delivered television for any Canadian who wants it.The early Canadian experiments in satellite-based educationNta desrritod, including the fir'st project begun at theUniversity of Quebec in 1976. and later programs at theUniversity of Carleton in Ottawa, the British ColumbiaInstitute of Technology, and the University of Victoria. Alsodiscussed i3 the growing understanding among Canadianeducators of the nature of satellite-based distance education;i.e.. how it works, the- demands it makes upon designers andinstructors and students, the problems it can create andresolve, and the challenge it presents to conventionalednentional practices. Recommendations based on the findingsof the initial Canadian experiments are offered which pertainto the plepnration of students prior to an interactivesession, effective use of discussion techniques. Considerationof the number of students assigned to a center, and some ideason what to expect with regard to distance students' attitudestow:lids interact ion. (MER)Descriptors: Broadcast television; Communication Research;

*Communications Satellites; Educational Change; ForeignCountries; Higher Education; History; Student Attitudes;Teacher Attitudes; Telecommunicationsidentifiers. Canada; Distance Education

61

a

ED211002 HE014620A Regional Scheme for Distance Education in Asia.

Polo 511111n, Inward R.May leet 10p.; Paper presented at the Regional Symposium

on Distance leaching in Asia (Penang, Malaysia, May 4-7,

tefili.

EONS Price - mrol/Pcol Plus Postage.

language: Englishencumeet Typo: CONFERENCE PAPER (150); POSITION PAPER (120)Geographic Source: AustraliaJournal Annnuncement: RIEMAYS2tho possihility of using the distance mode of education in

Asia is considered. There are many nationel systems of

education in Asia, though many of them derive from British orAmerican models, Language of insteuction presents a pnoblemfor international access, and in some countries the .variouslevels of education may use different languages:international languages such as Chinese and Englis.1 may assistedecational mobility between countries. Potential use of thedistance mode as a solution to various International problemsis discussed in relation to vocational , general, andcontinuing education. Suggestions for facilitating a regionalscheme of cooperation within Asia are offered that deal withmatters of organization, accreditation and validation,finance, and language. Possible models include transfer ofcredits, joint awards, and cooperative specialized productionof subject packages. It is suggested that an internationalbody sech as the United Nations Edecation, Scientific, .andCultulal Organization (UNESCO) would be the appropriateoreaei7er of a regional scheme zn behalf of Asian entions. It

is noted that any scheme will have to consider six points:production of packaged learning resources, copyright andtranslation of packages, feedback between tutor and student,arcreditation and validation, transfer of credits, end jointaward-4. It is suggested that distance education is a validmethod of learning, and cooperation should ensure that the

hest learning facilities in Asia are available to eachstudent. Most objections will likely be due to difficulties intier administration of cooperative schemes, and considerableplanning would have to precede the operation of a regipnalcooperative scheme for distance education. (Author/SW)Doscriptors: Accreditation (Institutions): College Programs;

Continuing Education; Educational Development; EducationalFinance; orxtension Education; Foreign Countries; GeneralEtiolation: Muller Education; tetercollegiate Cooperation;

laecturiee of Instruction; Regional Cooperation; Vocationalfituration

Identifiers Asia; Distance Education

62I vis, .1.11f4

14":144427

DIALOG Filet: ERIC - 66-82/Aug (Item 35 of 82) User 8645 3sep8:

.ED211001 HE014619A Report to the Australian Development Assistance Bureau.

Regional Symposium on Distance Teaching in Asia (Penang,Malaysia, May 1981).

Reid-Smith, Edward R.Office of Research in Librarianship, Wagga Wagon

(Austr:Ilia).May 1981 24p.EDRS Price - MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (0211:

DESCRIPTION (141)Geographic Source: AustraliaJournal Announcement! RIFMAV82Reports and summaries of papers presented at the 1981

Regional Symposium on Distance Teaching in Asia are presented.The symposium, which was represented by 22 countries, wasorganized by the Universiti Sains (University of Science)Malaysia as part of the activities associated with thecompletion of 10 years of off-campus program facilities. Thesymposium was designed to promote information exchange amongscholars involved in distance teaching, extension education,and external degree programs; to promote understanding of theproblems involved in the teaching and learning process ofself-learning programs; and to identify approaches to raisethe effectiveness of distance teaching programs in the variouscountries. Reports on distance education in the followingcountries are presented: South Korea, Japan, the Philippines,Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, andMalaysia. Selected papers on the following topics aresummarized: philosophy, goals, and objectives of distanceeducational systems; Infrastructure, staff training, andeducational technology; problems in distance education;research on distance education; and attainment of regionalcooperation in Asia. Information on the University of ScienceMalaysia and the opening and closing sessions of the symposiumare included. (Author /SW)Descriptors: Educational Assessment; Educational Objectives;

Edecatioeal Philosophy; Educational Research; EducationalTechnology: Extension Education; 'External Degree Programs;Faculty Development; Foreign Countries; Higher Education;Independent Study; Regional Cooperation; School Organization

Identifiers: Asia; Bangladesh; 'Distance Education; India;Japan; Malaysia; Pakistan; Philippines; South Korea; Sri Lanka

Thailand; Universiti Sales Malaysia

PROJECT

.1.1) 211 043 IR 009 840R7uie. Robert A.Motivational and Social Factors In the Use of

Communication lechnolop- for Edvestioa.Pub Date-80Note42p.Pub Type Information Analyses (070)EDRS Price SIFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage,Descriptors Communications, Developing Na'

Lions, Educational Radio, Educational Televi'ion, Social Influences, Socioeconomicinfluences, Student Motivation, Telecommuni-cations

IdentifiersCommunications Research, 'Dia.tante Education, Freire (Paulo), InstructionalVariablesThis review of the evidence regarding the motive

pedagogical, and social factors which influenre the effectiveness of' new communicationstechnology for distance education discusses the inspatience of new communications technology andthe current directions of research in that area; mod.vational factors that are important in distance edu-cation; and some of the pedagogical problems andbockl factors that are influential in distance educe.

Twenty eight refers:ices are listed (LLS)

ED 211 045 IR 009 845Educational Teetinoloo; Learning In the Eighties.Orfite of Educational Research and Improvement

;EDI. Nishington. D.C.Put DateSep 81 -

ute-139p.Put, Type Reference Materials Bibliographies

(131) Reports Descrip:ive (141)EDRS Price N1F01/PC06 Plus Postage.Descriptors 'Basic Skills, Demonstration Pro-

trims, Educational Radio, Educational Tech.nology. Educational Television, 'InstructionalMaterials, Programing (Broadcast), Telecommunications, Videotape Recordings

IdentifiersPrinted MaterialsAbstracts and cumulative data prepared by the

Division of Educational Technology (DET) staff for41:' of the projects funded by the division since 1968we listed elphebeticellv under the legislated pro-t'Ens (1) Educational televitior. (ETV) and RadioProgramming, (2) ESAA Television and Radio Ser43 (3) Telecommunications Demonstration. and

9 441 Basic Skills The ETV and Radio Programmingdata include 75 television and eight radio programsfunded by DET with title, producer, number andlength of each program, date and aznotmt of award,recommended viewing audience, ethnic theme, dateof captioning for the hearing unpaired, oducstionalrights, and expiration of broadcast rights provided.A statement on distribution and utilization of thisseries follows the listing. The remainder of the docu-ment contains detailed descriptions of 16 ET' andradio projects, one 1981 ET' project, 39 ESAAtelevision projects, seven ESAA radio projects, four1981 ESAA television projects, 15 teleco=aunicalions demonstration projects, four Basic Skills pro-jects, and three 1981 Basic Skills projects.information provided includes title, contractor, du-ration, amount of award, abstract, print materials,and contact. An alphabetical index of the contrac-tors and grantees is included. (CHC)

ED 211 064 IR 009 883Menem MavisBridging the Distance. An Instructional Guide to

Teleconfert oda&Wisconsin Univ., Madison, Univ. Extension.Pub Date-71Note-72p.Available from--Center for Interactive Programs,

University of WisconsinExtension, 975 Observe.tory Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (59.00; 56.00 percopy for orders of 25 or more).

Pub Type Guides Classroom Teacher (052)Texu/Questionniires (160)

MRS Prim MFOI Plum Postage. PC Not Malls.ble from EDRS,

DescriptorsCheck Lists, Communication Skills,Extension Education, Guides, 'InstructionalDevelopment, Program Evaluation, Telecom.munications. Teleconferencing

IdentifiersDistince EducationDesigned to present instructors. moderators. and

program coordinators with techniques for betterplanning, presentation. and valuation of teleconferencine programs. this manual is based on research and practice findings in the areas of adulteducation, communications, and learning and In-terims skills The characteristics of twowiy teleconferencing are reviewed and suggestions areoffered for humanizing the techniques used, developing interactive tool. for {settlements. examiningmeanie style, and utilizing participant feedbackChecklists for organizing and evaluating teleconference programs and a discussion of the overall effectivenese of teleconferencing are also included(MER)

ItD 211 114Sato. F. Ed.Cable Television 1910:

Higher Education.Association for Higher

Richardson.

IR 009 944

Status end Prospect for

Education of North TM.,

Spons AgencyNational Telecommunications andInformation Administration (DOC), Washington,D.C.

Pub Date-80Grant NTI A.48.03.9009 INote-66p.; Papers presented a Symposium on Ca.

ble TV-Expanding Educational Options in the80's (Arlington, TX, March 6, 1980).

Available from AHE, P.O. Box 688, Richardson,TX 75010 (S5.00; $4.50 each for 10 or more co-pies).

Pub Type Collected Works Proceedings (02 1)'Information Analyses (070) Reports Re-search (143)

EDRS Price h1F01 Plus Postage. PC Not AvailIle from EDRS,

DescriptorsCable Television, 'Community Atti-tudes, Economic Factors, Educational Televlsion, Futures (of Society), Higher Education,History, Marketing, Programing (Broadcast),Questionnaires, Tables (Dais), Telecommunicalions, 'Television Surveys

IdentifiersTeda (Dallas County)Baseline information for 'the wouldbe cable

television educational programer is provided by twopapers, one an overview of the state of. the cabletelevision industry, and the other a report on a marketing study conducted to determine consumer miltudes toward cable TV as an educational medium, In"The Promise and Reality of Cable Television,"Ralph Lee Smith offers a factual treatmint v ithexplanation's of historical events and economicevents that helped shape the cable television Indus.try. In "Educational Uses of Cable Television," JoeL Welch and Jeffry N. &wit: explore the impact ofcable television on the educational interests. Atlitudes, and intended behavior of residents of DallasCounty. Tens. A summary o; the objectives,. methodolosy, and findings of the study is followed by

more detailed discussion of the findings about thecurrent, past, and future educational pursuits of therespondents and their attitudes toward the use ofcable television for educational purposes. Supportins materials include 34 tables of data, a copy of thesurvey questionnaire, the frequency and percent ofesponses to 14 of the questions, ands list of theProgram content divisions. Nine references arelisted. (CHC)

ED 212 819 CE 031 266Iteehlye, &gem EA Sarmy of Cormepuedeue Caere. Training,Navy Personnel Research and Development Can-

tee, San Diego, CaliiReport No.NPRDCR 82-27Pub DateJan 82Note-39p.Pub Type Reports Research (343)EDRS Pries MFOUPCO2 Plus Postage.DescriptorsCorrespandence Study, 'Dropout

Research, Dropouts, Educational Research, lnterviews, Literature Reviews, Military Service,Military Twining, Postsecondary Education,ocadoossires, Surveys, Systems Development

....2.76aL0 'Marine Corps, Navyzalcspoodeoce course training (CCT) systems,

m the military and government sectors,ve strayed to ideatsfy their critical problems,

czer srs.i objectives were to formulate the basic,esp cia CCT system to solve these problems and

c: arse completion factors and trends in aye-operadons. Seventeen CCT organisations

were surveyed, including eight in the Navy or Ma-= and nine in the other military services,

=cot of Defense, other governmental seenssi i*.te civilian sector. The survey instruments

g er: s questionnaire and structured interview. Therag :,:tpartzot findings were that course comple-z.v -sin ranged from the first to fourth quartile and.z.11 ac-zcompletion was the most critical problem.7vvarytcur factors affecting course completion

.tat: identified, and current trends in CCT,.stem cperacions were noted. Relevant literature

...I '1%411 ed to verify the common conception :het: problem of CCT course non

'ass cocclu.ted :hit the primary causescriCon in CCT is the students' inability to or-

was effectively and conduct the informationDummy to complete the course.

oemmeadations were inclusion of the course=viscid factors in CCT and refinement, mimeo-is= sad validation of these factors. (YU)

ED 213 11.9 EA 014 420Ewa A. W.The Planing and Manalemeat of AndicoVIenal

Media In Distance Learning Instituting, MalReport of an IIEP Worksbop (Park, Aires,September 30.Oetober 3, 1980).

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cul-tural Organisation, Paris (France). Internationallast for Educational Planning.

Pub Date-41Note-341p.Available from IIEP Publications, International

Institute for Educational Planning, 7.9, rue Eu-seneDelacrois, 73016 Paris, FRANCE (OrderNo. 11.31; 10.00 francs).

Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141) ReportsResearch 0 Opinion Papers (120j.

MRS Price -10'01 Plats flortage. PC Not Ala&hie from EDRS,

DescriptorsAudioutpe Recordinet,ortudiovisualAids, 'Audiovisual Instruction,Schools, Correspondence Study, 'Eluannactlienotfael

Planaine, Educational Radio, Educational Televi-sion, Elementary Secondary Education.Education, Program Costa, Research Nisedsl!ilitierlephone Instruction, TraiMas ObjectivesResulting from a 1910 won liab and a survey of

12 selected distance learning systems (or corm.epondence Brody programs), this paper bad fouratom (1) to provide a framework to describe dis-tance learning systems using audiovisual media andto locate the 32 surveyed institutions within thatframework, (2) to identify common problem areasin the planning and management of audiovisualmedia, (3) to discover principles of planning andmanagement to use in training. and (4) to identifyhow training and research might improve planningand management in this area and the methods bywhich this training and research can best be swore-plished. Topics covered by the 13 chapters of thereport include the analysis of the use of audiovisualmedia in the 12 institutions, the educational func-tions of audiovisual media, transmission and distri-bution, the production of broadcast materials,nonbroadcast audiovisual media (such as tape play-ers and telephones), costs, feedback from users,stitutione research, program evaluation, and

and research needs. The paper conclude.that television and radio are of less signiffcance issuch teaching systems than was expected. Print isstill the primary means of instruction, although theuse of nonbroadcast media is increasing. (Authorny)

6,4

ED 213 327 HE 014 783New Technologies for Hither Felueatioc

Clement llama In higher F.duestIon, No. 5.American Association for Higher Education, Wash.

ington, D.C.Pub Date-81Note-22p.; Selected papers presented at the An.

null National Conference of the American As.sociation for Higher Education (Washington, DC.March 19$1).

Available fromAmerican Association for HigherEducation, One Dupont Circle, Suite 600, Wash.ington, DC 20036 ($3.50 plus postage and hen.cluing).

Pub Type Opinion Papers (120) CollectedWorks Proceedings (021)

EDRS Price MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Maltable from EDRS.

DescriptorsAdult Students, Broadcast Television.Cable Television, Computer Assisted 'minx.lion, Consortia, "Delivery Systems. EducationalChange, "Educational Technology, ExtensionEducation, 'Higher Education, IntercollegiateCooperation, Microcomputers, Models, Won't.ditional Education. Open Universities, Part TimeStudents, Teacher Role. Technological Advance-ment. 'Telecommunications. "Telecourse,

IdentifiersOpen University (Crest Britain)The applications of telecommunications tech-

nology. computers. and other technologies are addressed in five papers In an overview. Raymond J.Lewis, Jr. suggests that colleges and universities arefinding that telecommunication technologies offercost effective ways of reaching adult learners, andthat open broadcast television has been the primaryvehicle for reaching offcampus students. In "WhatMakes a Telecourse?" Rodger A. Pool. discussestelevision programs for instruction, the study guide.textbooks and reading, examinations, assignments,support services, and important new roles for thecourse instructor. In "Curriculum Issues in Tele.Communications," Adele F. Seeff cites models ofthe educational use of telecommunications and de-scribes the telecourse delivery system and full cur-riculum for offcampus students at the British OpenUniversity. A national consortium that is develop-ing an American analogue is also described. In "Ad.ministration Issues in Telecommunications,"Marlowe Froke suggests three major models bywhich new developments may be evaluated for in-clusion in existing higher education institutions: theinstructional services model, the miscellaneousmodel, and the open.learning model In "Adaptingto the Computer Revolution," John H Strange sus.Bests that the computer revolution is important tohigher education because it will chan4c the nature'of work in society and will increasingly become apersonal tool available to many people and will pro-vide new means for transmuting data and instruclion to the population without regard to their

location.. Additionally, business is beginning to in.vest in the use of computen.for employee uutruclion and there will be an increasing amount ofinstructional software available. (SW)

ED 213 927 CE 031 642The Given Chair Crbup. Predicting Distant Mies-

too Is the Veer 2001. Final Report.National Home Study Council. Washington, D.C.Pub Date-82Note-111p.Available fromNational Home Study Council,

1601 18th St., N. s'., Washington, D.0 (38.00).Pub Type Opinion Papers (120)EDRS Price MPOI/PCOS Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdult Education, Conespondence

Study, Demography, Educational Planning,"Educational Trends, 'Futures (of Society),Home Study, Instructional Materials, LeisureTune, Lifelong Learning, Material Development,Postsecondary Education, Recreational Activities

ldentifiersDistance EducationIn a series of woe workshops in 1981, a group.of

experienced home study educated, education tech.nologists, and informed people from state and federa) government, private industry, and tradeassociations tackled the questions, "'Arhat lies aheadin home study, for 'distant education,' in the next 20years? How should educators plan for the future?"From these discussions a number of predictions, in-cluding the following, were made: (1) Distant cducation (DIE) enrollment will be part of a morecomplex livinglearnhig.workingrccruting socialpattern, with mid career changes accepted, peopleliving longer, and recruitment to DIE being eitherthrough leisure time tAblICOLUSCS or through convincing people that D/E can help them better them-selves financially or otherwise. (2) Printcorrespondence text materials will be the key consponent in the D/E education package of 2001, buteducators vii make use of radio, telephone, andaudiovisual devices in conjunction with the printedmaterials. (3) D/E students will continue to wantcontact with instructors on a regular basis; D/Eeducators will admit that not all students can beserved by this method, but it will become increu:icily popular as the cost of attending residentschools climbs. (4) Professionals will be able to earncredentials in their fields via D/E. (S) Providers ofD/E 11 make materials and services availablewholesale to companies, professional organisations,and schools, and employers will playa STU ter rolein financing D/E activities for their employees.(The major pan of the report consists of ague than40 brief ways on the future.) (KC)

ED 214 492 IR 009 882Zuekerniek. ArleneTowards a Model for SateUiteBased Instruetion

at the University of Victoria. Report on theANIX13 Experimental Project, September 1979to Jane 1980, Summary Report.

Victoria Univ. (British Columbia).Pub Data Jun 80Note-26p:Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price MF1111/PCO2 Plus Postage.DescriptorsCommunicadons Satellites, 'Educa-

tion Courses, 'Experimental Programs, ForeignCountries. Formative Evaluation, Higher Educa-tion, Instructional Materiels. Models, "Profes-sional Continuing Education, Reading Teachers.'Supervisory Training, Telecourses

IdenufiersCanada Distance Education, Uni-versity of Victoria (British Columbia)This report on an experimental project in distance

education via the ANIX13 satellite, which was un-dertaken by the University of Victoria in 1919.80,highlights in detail those aspects that could serve ascomponents of a model for a similar effort. and in-coorates the pertinent data obtained during a for-ml evaluation of the project. The report commentson the strengths and weaknesses of the satellite-based instructional system at the specific levels ofadministration and operation in distance delivery ofuniversity programa assesses the success of the twoeducation courses developed and produced by theproject from the participant's viewpoint; assessesthe technical viability of operating the satellite-based instructional system at the University of Vic-:aria, and makes recommendations regarding therole of the satellite manager during the eperimentalperiod and in the future. The two coerces presented,ED13 435 "Supervision of Instruction" and EDB480 Teaching Reading in the Primary Grades." arediscussed in terms of the ad hoc model that evolved.Components of this model include the project team,course components, the couise design procedures.field arrangements, and University of Victoria pro-ject administration. (Autbor/MER)

t firs.;..I!(camel I; ra

ED 214 530 IR 010 116!Jolting Califorwians for LearnIrg: Nest Steps for

Telectimmunlestions In CalifornIs PosteeeendaryEducation. Commission Report 01.18.

California State Postsecondary Education Commis.lion. Sacramento.

Pub DateNov 81Note 101p.; For related docuMent, see ED. 171

085.Pub Type Reports Research (143)EDRS Price MFOI/P035 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdult Basic Education, Audioupe

Recordings, 'Computer Assisted Instruction,Educational Needs, Educational Television,Higher Education, Job Training, Networks,Posuccondary Education, Professional Continuins Education, Public Affairs Education, PublicLibraries, "Statewide Planning, TelecommunicaLions, Videotape Recordings

1de n tillers "CaliforniaA follow-up to the 1979 report. Using Instruc-

tional Media beyond Campus, this report describesa plan for making statewide use of available mediafor postsecondary education in California. The firstof three sections provides a basic inventory of Cali-fornia's telecommunications resources, focusing onelectronic means of transmitting information overlong distances and time, e.g., television, radio, andtelephone. The second section identifies five areasof knowledge as major social needs, including basicadult competencies or survival skills, and employ.meet information and occupational skills, and decusses how these needs can be met on a statewidebasis with electronic media. Primary barriers hia-dering the use of these resources by postsecondaryinstitutions are identified as lack of incentive* andcoordination and high initial costs, and recom-mended steps for marshalling the necessary re-sources to meet the state's educational needs aredescribed in the final chapter. The four appendicesinclude a summary and findings of the fiat report cctelecommunications issued by the commission, areference list on major societal needs, and catalopof taped instructional materials for postsecondaryuse. Six maps, three tables, and two figures Mustn'tgag typical cost patterns per student for classroomintensive courses and technologyzintenaivetelecourses are provided, as well as 19 referencesand an index. (REF)

ED 214 552 JC 810 38SPetersen, Alba L Bess ErnestReport to the Legislature so the Edustioaal and

Fiscal Effects of Independent Study.California Community Colleges, Sacramento. Of.

floe of the Chancellor.Pub DateJun 81Note-47p.; Report prepared for the Meeting of the

Board of Governors of the California CommunityColleges (Sacrament°. CA, June 11.12, 1981);discussed as Agenda hem 9.

Pub Teports Research (143)Q Data (110)

El:MS Price MF0I/PCO2 Plus Postage.DescriptorsCommunity Colleges, Computer AA.

listed Instruction. Educational Finance. Educe.tional Radio, "Educational Technology,'Enrollment, Expenditure Per Student, In.dependent Study. Instructional Student Costa,Newspapers, Noninstructional Student Costa,'Program Costs, Telecourse,. Two Year Colleges

IdentifiersCalifornisIn response to legislative mandate. a study was

conducted in 1983 to determine the educational andfiscal effects of legislation authorizing independentstudy (IS) in California community colleges. In.dependent study was defined learning under-taken by a student enrolled in a credit coursewithout the immediate presence of the assigned instructor. including..mediated and directed study,and television, radio, arid newspaper courses. Allcolleges which participated in IS were asked to sub-mit information on enrollment; instructional antistaff salaries and benefits: books, supplies, andequipment costs, contract services costs. capitalowls!, total average doll) attendance (ADA) andcost per ADA for all instruction and for IS. Toassess the educational effects of IS colleges wereasked to provide information on IS courses by sub-ject matter. mode of instruction. and opening enrollmen; and r.vrnbe and percentage of completers toeach rues of Instruction Major findings included(1) cost per ADA of IS varied from 579 to 55,114,with telnision and medisted instruction most ex-perm. e, (21 about 1.000 separate offerings is ISwere provided during 1979 PO. with the largestnumber of offerings in directed stud), but the largestenrollment in television courses; (3) IS instructionwas distributed fairl) event) over subject areas, (4)IS retention rates were °al) slight!) lower than ingenera', curriculum courses IS regulations andpie studs forms rrvwrIrd (K.L1

ED21441F1 11E014774The Open University of the United Kingdom. Implementation of

Higher Education Reforms,Woodly, AlanEuropenn Cultural "Foundation, Paris (France). Inst. of

Edecatinn.One 19AI 101p.: Some pages marginally legible.Repolt No. ISP.N90-8282-017-4Available from. Institute of Education, European Cultural

Foundation, c/o Universite Dauphine. 1, Place du Marechal de

lattre de Tassigny 75116 Paris, France.FDPS Price - MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.renoliage: EnglishDocument Type: PROJECT DESCRIPTION (141)Geoeraphic Source: FranceJournal Am louncement: R I EAUG82Government: InternationalThe decision to create Great Britain's Open University and

steges in the preparation of higher education reforms areconsidered. The current position of the Open University inrelation to its original goals is also addressed. and thepolicy implementation process is examined to determine why theOpen University achieved some of Its original goals but notothers. Attention is directed to the initial proposal for aUnivviqtty of the Air, and of netionelly orgenIzedcomfelpondence college courses, the advisory committee stage,the planning committee stage, the reaction of others to thepropoied reform, factors underlying the survival of theproposed reform, and goal changes during the policyformulation stacie. Five types of goals are distinguished: theintended students, the curriculum, teaching methods, theorennizatineel fremework, academic standards, the size andcost of the new institution. It is suggested that the presentDarn University is very similar to that proposed by theplanning committee in terms of teaching methods., curriculum,and orgeni7ational framework. However , the university has metwith only limited success In terms of creating genuineegenlity or opportunity. It has largely failed to achieve theinfamal goal ni attracting large numbers of working classStudents. The first students were offered places in September1970. and 24.200 began their studies in January 1979. In thefirst year foundation courses were offered in arts, socialscience, math and science, and technology was added in 1972.Hiohe level courses wore later offered, together with coursesto educational studies. Statistical data. an aganizationalchart, and a bibliography are appended. (SW)

Descriptors: Academic Standards; *Access to Fdecation;*College Curriculum; *Educational History; EducationalOhirtiyes; Foreign Countries: Moiler Education;*nontraditional fdhcation; Nontraditional Students; OpenUniyerqtties; C7linel Organization; School Si714; StudentChaiactotstics; leaching Methods

Identifiers. Distance Education; *Open Univesit (Greatfit darn)

DIALOG filet: ERIC - 66-82/Aug (Item 33 of 82) User 8645 3sep8:

ED211013 HE014641Independent Study Courses for Non-traditional Students.Mehrotra, Chandra M. N.Aug 1981 lip.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of

the American Psychological Association (89th, Los Angeles, CA,Avgust 1981).EDRS Price - mrosfinoi Plus Postage,Language: EnglishDocument Type: C1NFERENCE PAPER (150); PROJECT DESCRIPTION

(1gt2gvaphic Source: U.S.; MinnesotaJournal Announcement: RIEMAY82The Guided Independent Study Program, an individually paced,

maste-oriented teaching method for serving undergraduate andgraduate nontraditional students at the College of St.SCholastiCa, Minnesota, is described. A number of independentstudy courses in psychology, !gerontology, and education havebeen offered to students who, cannot come to the campus toattend regular class meetings. The approach is based onpsycholopy of learning and individual differences. The coursematerials are divided Into 10 to 12 relatively small units ofstudy called instructional projects. The information providedFor each instructional project includes: a descriptive title,purpose, behavioral objectives, evaluative criteria, learningresources, and competency exercises. Competency exercisesprovide Immediate feedback regarding *t*.str progress. Aftercompleting half of the course, students take a retention testbefore beginning the work on the second. The Lourse grade Isbased on the competence exercises, assignments, and retentiontests, which are administered by the student's sta.^rvisor orother representetive. Students maintain contact with theinstructur through phone calls and letters. The program hasbeen found to he a viable mode of meeting educational needs ofteachers, service providers, and other nontraditionalstudents. This approach is appropriate for courses in whichthe material to be learned is structured in a definitehierarchy with well-defined objectives. is largely availablefrom written materials, and is amenable' to individuallearning. Its features of self-pacing, mastery learning, andimmediate feedback make it especially attractive tonontraditional students. (Author/SW)Descriptors: Behavioral Objectives: College Students:

*Competency Based Education; *Course Organization: ExtensionEducation; feedback; Grading; Higher Education; IndependentStudy: Mastery *Nontraditional Education;Nontraditional Students: Pacing

Identifiers: *College of Saint Scholastica MN; *DistanceEducation

67

t

DIALOG Filel: ERIC - 66-82/Aug (Item 29 of 82) User 8645 3sep8:.

ED214455 HE014911Determining Educational Needs of AFL-CIO Union Members in

Southeast Florida. A Report to the Board of Directors of theSoutheast Florida Educational Consortium.Meinhold, Robert W.Southeast Florida Educational Consortium, Miami.12 Dec 1981 63p.Available from: Southeast Florida Educational Consortium,

11011 S.W. 104th Street: Miami, FL 33176. L

ELMS Price - MEDI/PQM Plus Postage.Language: EnglishDocument Type: RESEARCH REPORT (143); TEST.. QUESTIONNAIRE

1160)Geographic Source: U.S.; FloridaJournal Announcement: RIEAUG82Educational needs of AFL-CIO union members in southeast

.Florida were surveyed. Of the two union locals surveyed in

Dade and Broward counties, .424 questionnaire responses werereceived, Findings include the following: 86.3 percent werenot attending a college or university; 62.5 percent would havethree hours or more on the weekend to devote to learning; 72.9.percent would have three hours or more to devote to learningduring the work week; 20.8 percent rated "improving generalknowledge" as the number one reason for learning; 36.6 rated"learning to communicate" as the number one reason forlearning; 39.41 percent rated "learning about the business youwork in" as the number one reason; only 5.7 percent had notcompleted high school; and 65.8 percent wanted to obtain adegree. Information is also presented on academic area& ofinterest; physicp1 location of classes; and age and sex ofrespondents. Based on the survey results, it is recommendedthat a four-year degree program be developed that emphasizesbusiness, personal relations, data processing, writing skills.and electronics. The classes would be offered in smallerblocks than those for the traditional full-time attendingstudent, and courses would be offered through a combination ofon-campus, independent study, and television and radioprograms. A bibliography and questionnaire are appended. (SW)Descriptors: Academic Aspiration; 'Adult Students; College

Attendance; Degrees (Academic); 'Educational Needs; EnrollmentInfluenceS: 'Extension Education; Higher Education; LaborForce; Needs Assessment; Nontraditional Edudntion;Nontraditional Students; School Location; State Surveys;'Union Members

Identi6ers: AFL CIO; Distance Education; ,,Florida

O

trPT r 7: 7 MACH

ED 215 710 .1C 810 652Ca literals Community Colleges Independent

Stud: A Report to the Legislature.California Community. Colleges, Sacramento. Of-

fice of the Chancellor.Pub Date-30 Jun 81Note-44p.Pub Type Reports Research (143) Legal/.

Legislative /Regulatory Materials (090)EDRS Price Mr01/PCO2 Pius Postage.DescriptorsAcademic Persistence, *Audiovisual

Insttuction, 'Community Colleges, EducationalFinance, Educational Legislation, EducationalRadio, Enrollment Trends, 'Independent Study,Nontraditional Education, Program Costs,State Legislation, Telecourses, Two Year Col.leges

IdentifiersCaliforniaIn response to legislative mandate, a study was

undertaken to determine the effects of new in-dependent study legislation on California's com-munity colleges. All colleges that participated inCoordinated Instruction System (CIS) or Inde.pend-

-c'y eat Study (IS) programs were asked to provide fi-nancial information for the period July 1, 1979 toJune 30, 1980 and to report on the number andtypes of CIS /IS courses offered and the number ofenrollments and completions in these courses in fall

'1979 and spring 1980 Responses from SO colleges(80% of those involved in CIS /IS) revealed the fol.lowing. (1) the number of districts participating inCIS /IS has declined since 1975.76, with a signifi-cant decline in 1979430 under the new legislation;(2) independent study as a percentage of total cur.rent costs of education fell from 1.05% in 1975.76to 0.41% in 1979.80; (3) CIS/1S offerings were al-most es enly divided among science, humanities, so-cial science. and vocational /technical courses: and(4) retention rates in CIS.'IS were slightly loserthan for courses in the general curriculum and werelowest in television courses Recommendationsbased on the study include the extension of C1S/ISto cover all credit courses for the associate degreeand more detailed accounting of costs and retentionrates The study report includes a history of C1S/ISin California, a summary of statutes and regulationsgoverning CIS /1S. a description of types of CIS/1S,copies of relevant lags and survey materials. (HB)

EL) 215 711 JC 820 033ulster. Jan A.

'Alternative Delivery Systems: A Potential Part-nership for Education and Public Broadcasting.

Pub Date-13 Oct 81Note-14p.. Paper presented at the Conference of

the Western Educational Society for Telecom-munications (Reno. NV. October 13. 1981).

Pub Type Opinion Papers (120) Ipecchesi-Meeting Papers (150)

EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.DescriptorsBroadcast Industry. Cable Televi

sion, College Planning. Community Colleges,Cooperative Programs, Delivery Systems,Educational Technology, Postsecondary Educa-tion. Technological Advancement, Telecom-munications, Two Year Colleges, vi-aenEquipmentIf educators and public broadcasters are to realize

their potential for pro% iding high quality educaIlonal and cultural material to the public. they mustbe aware of current and upcoming technologies andwork in concert to achieve their goals Several alter-native delivery systems are currently available tohelp educators and broadcasters expand their clien-tele and lay the basis fur alliances among broadcastfacilities. posernment agencies. and educational in.solutions These include (I) Instructional Tele vision Fried Sersit es a special type i.r narrowcasttelevision which can transmit up to tour channels Topredetermined reception points, (2) cable television,which has potential for inschool instruction. profes-sional accreditation courses, and two-way capabili-ties. (3) slowscan or compressed video, whichinvokes the one-w a) transmission of still pictureswith two-way audio. (41 Subsidiary Communicstions Authorit) subcarners. which requite speciallytuned receivers. and (5) home video and audio sys-tems which are used man) schools as primary

sehicles While orients; new opportuni-ties these aliernstise systems require educationalinsntailons to address questions related io targetaudiences. course content. costs. materials avallabilit). programming. and selection of courseware andmaterials Most important1), the question of opera.tional support must be addressed before consideringthe use of these systems (MB)

ED 216 506 EC 142 161Miller, MauriceCorrespondence Courses for Gihed Students.Pub DatetMar $1)Note -13p.Pub Type Reports Research (143)EDRS Price MFOI/PC01 Plus Postage.Descriptors Correspondence Study, Ct".st

High Schools. Nontraditional Education, Sane.,Twenty-three schools end agencies offering !..-43

school credit correspondence courses were tr.veyed to investigate options for sifted students. or.titularly students in rural areas or in schools aAlimited curricula. Among the findings were owhigh school credit is available from I:misers:14%from the Massachusetts and North Dakota statedepartments of education, and from the HomeStudy Institute (Washington, DC); course tides amrather traditional and suggest standard currcanecoverage; and the only criteria for being "piled" sa letter of permission from a principal or cour.seiarArea to consider prior to deciding on corresPoseence courses as a beneficial option are listed, imludins whether the home school will accept the ccedifor the course, who will bear the costs, will :becourse count toward college requirements, and Seesthe student have a place and time for study. A :shepresents a statistical analysis of survey responses(SD)

ED 216 658 HE 015 142Sweet RobertDistance Education: The Personal Response,Pub DateMar 82Note -14p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meet

ing of the American Educational Research As-sociation (Ne York, NY, March 1923, 1982).

Pub Type Speeches /Meeting Papers (ISO) le-ports Research (143)

EDRS Price MF131/PC01 Plus Postage, .

Descriptors Academic Persistence, Adult Stu-dents, Assignments, Dropouts, Extension Edu-cation, External Deeree 'Programs, ForeignCountries, Helping Relatioisship, Higher Educe.tion. Institutional Research. Nontraditional Education. Open Universities, Program Evaluation,Student Attitudes, Student Needs, StudentTeacher 'Relationship, Telephone Communize.tions Systems, Tutors

IdentifiersDistance Education, Open LearningInstitute BCPersonal contacts students have with their tutors

through the telephone tutoring system establishedat the Open Learning Institute. British Columbia,Canada, were investigated with completing andnoncompleting students Attention was directed tothe frequency of contact with tutors and supportivebehaviors tutors extend. For the 116 students, theaverage age was 33 years, and 24 percent weremales Completing and noncompleting groups weredefined on the basis of completion of all assign.menu. No significant differences were found in thefrequency with which tutors telephoned students inthe two groups Noncompleters rated tutors morehighly than did completers on the item: "1 feel mytutor wants me to phone if I have any questions."The frequency with which the two groups of Insdents initiated contact with their tutors was 45 per-cent for the completer group and 32 percent for thenoncompleting group, an insignificant difference. Itis suggested that tutors were attuned to the greaterneed of students in the noncompleter group forguidance. In addition. the similar pattern of student-initiated calls for both groups and the positive rat-ikts given tutors by completers and noncompletersprovides a measure of assurance that tutors havebeen successful in creating a climate of supportive-aess for all the students. It is concluded that indistance learning, a teletutoring system allows fre-quent discussion between tutors and students con-cerning their academic progress, and personalrelationships that promote effective feedback can befostered (SW)

ED 217 214 CE 032 805Caner, John FInstructional Design for Distance Training.Pub DateMu 12Note-16p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meet.

ins of the American Educational Research As.sociation (New York, NY, Much 1982).

Pb

Type Opinion Papers (120) Speeches/.Meeting Papers (150)

EDRS Price MFOI/PC01 Plus Postage.Descriptorsorrespondence Study, Curriculum

Development, Definitions, Educational History,Home Study, Independen Instructional

Syste 'MaterialSelection, . traditional

dary Education, ovum,Implementation.

specially in the form of cor-t a new phenomenon, but

pen University hu givenucation programs have

Materials, InstrucuoDevelopment, MediEducation, PostsecDevelopment, Prosing NfethodaDistance education,

respondence study, isthe success of the Britishit a new image, Distancebeen developed to respond to a variety of societaland educational situations for which traditionalclassroom-based approaches are less feasible. Theymay also be preferred over classroom programs bystudents for whom flexibility, freedom, autonomy,and price are important. Designers of distance in-'erection must accommodate t number of variableswhich are not normally encountered by designers ofmaterials for teachercentered programs. Probablythe most salient of these problems is the distanceaspect of the instructional process, but the need forpersonalization. an effective teaching/learning ap-proach tailored to the distance situation. and thespecial dynarnici of the distance course developmenu process are all upsets to be considered Dis-tance education represents fertile ground or boththeory-oriented and practiew-oriented research oninstructional processes. Recent developments inlearning and instructional theory hold great promisefor the advancement of instructional design science.An orderly means is needed for dissemination ofthis knowledge into the practice of distance educa-tion. (KC)

Pub

IR 010 510EdEDurs2r1170419° Telecommualcatioas for Alaska.`Volume I: Eaecutive Summary.

Alaska State Dept. of Education, Juneau. Office ofEducational Technology and Telecommunica-tions.; YAF Associates, Rockville, MD.

spans AgencyNational Inst. of Education (ED),Washington, DC.

Note -47p.; kr.17872related43°4 documenis, see ED 162and IR 010 511-513.

Available fromPhotographs will not reproduce.Pub Type Reports Descnpuve (141)EDRS Price MFOI/PCO2 Plus Postage,Descriptors Administrative PersobEleimemnenCtmommsuuni.

ondary Education, Individualized Instruction,' Information Networks, Microcomputers, Oh*.tives, Program Evaluation, Rural Schools, StateDepartments .of Education, *State Programs,Telecommuntcatiotu

IdectillersAlaska, Educational Telecommunications for Alaska ProjectThe first of four volumes, this executive summary

briefly discusses the educational situation in Alaskain terms of geography, climate, and ethnic groups;reviews the state's involvement in the National In-stitute of Education's Education Satellite Cornmunication Demonstration; describes projectmanagement and introduction of the innovations;and reports on. the three systems developed by theEducational Telecommunications for Alaska Pro-ject, which was undertaken in 1977 to provide sup-port for schools throughout the state. TheAdrrunistrative Communications Network, whichprovides administrative and instructional supportamong the state's 52 school district, Regional Re-source Centers, and the State Department of Educe-lion. ts reviewed in terms of objectives, electronicmail boa (EMS) operation, a user evaluation, and itscurrent SLAW!. The objectives of the Alaska Knowl-edge Base System are outlined, and information isprovided on its implementation, database content,and access to the database, as well as to currenttutus A description of the Individualized Study byTelecommunications (1ST) system includes the ob-tectives, the 1ST model, pre-operational evaluationof course effectiveness and student and teacher atti-tudes. and cost effecuveness. A brief glimpse of thefuture closes the report. (IL)

;.;1

.ED417 191 IR 010 511Edseatioul Tetecommunleasteas for Alaska.Volume lit AdmIalstretise Commvaleatioss Nit..ark.Altai' State Dept. of Education, Jimeau. Office of

Educational -Technology and Telecommunicanone.; YAF Associates. Rockville, MD.Spans AgencyNational Inst. of Education (ED),Washington, DC.

Pub DateApr 82Otant-NIEG770040Note-153p.; Photographs will not reproduce. For

tested documents, see ED 151713, ED 162 610,ED 184518, and IR 010 510-513.Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)Tasts/Questionnaires (10)Y.DRS Price MFOI/PC076

Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdministrative, Organisation, Com.munications Satellites, Computer Programs, CostEffectiveness, 'Educational Administration,Lducational Needs, Elementary Secondary Edercoition, information

Systems, Microcomputers,Program Evaluation,Questionnaires, State Sur-'los, Systems

Development, Teluommunicalions. TrainingIdentifiersAdministrative

Communications Net-work, 'Alaska, Educational Telecommunicabons for AlaskaProject, Electronic MailThe second of four volumes, this report dccu*menu the implementation, evaluation, and inatitu-tionaliution of 'the Alaska AdministrativeCommunications

Network, an electronic mail aye-wee (EMS) developed by-the Educational Telecom-moeucationa fo.Alaska Project in response to the"ee for Wier, more efficient communication inwiffoon of the administration of schools throughoutusi state. Following a review or the contest ofeditatonal needs in Alaska, the purpose and results ofOle Alaska State Department of Education's Plea-sing and Evaluation Survey and Telecommunicawas Alternatives

Survey are discussed. Thewmiolsment of the Administrative Ozmmuniaaces Networkis then recounted, includinf its °b-ilk-lives, the expected results of the project. the

evaluation and organization of the network, the de-sign for evaluating the system, initial teats of theEMS, EMS components, development of an orteretional framework for EMS, training EMS users, pi.lot testing of EMS, and steps toward itsinstitutionalization-Technical features of the eye-tern, usage levels, cost effectiveness,

end user satis-faction are also considered. Among the appendicesare a list of key events in the developmentof EMS,a description of EMS software, a statement of EMSconditions for use, and a copy of the EMS use no.vey. (X)

"77.17777777T7er!!`"r!P'7,,,"%rr'!,f---7:

ED 217 892 IR 010 512lEduestlosal Telteommonlestloai for Alaska.Volume Ill: Alaska Knowledge Base System.

Alaska State Dept. of Education, Juneau. Office ofEducational Technology and Telecommunicatient., YAF Associates, Rockville, MD.

Spons AgencyNational Inst. of Education (ED),Washington, DC.

Pub DateApr 82OrantN1EG77.0040Note-9Sp.; Photographs will not reproduce. For

related documents, see ED 184 511 and IR 010510.513.Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price MFOI/PC04 Plus Postage.DescriptorComputer Programs, 'Computers,Cost Effectiveness, Databases, Electronic

Equipment, Elementary Secondary Education,information Networks, Information Retrieval,Needs Assessment, Objectives, Pilot Projecu,Program Evaluation, Program Implementation,State Surveys, Telecommunications

Identillers'Aluks, Alaska Knowledge Ease Sys-tem, Educational Telecommunications forAlaska ProjectThe third of four volumes, this report documents

the implementation, evolution, and institutionalize.tion of the Alaska Knowledge Base System, a com-puterized database containing information about avariety of educational resources developed b_y theEducational Telecommunications for Alaska (ETA)Project in response to the need for quick access toeducational resource materials in Alaska. Followingan overview of Alaskan educational needs, the put-pose and results of the Alaska Department of Edu-cation Nanning and Evaluation Survey and theTelecommunications Alternatives Survey are dis-cussed The development and evaluation of thecomputer-supported Alaska Knowledge Base Sys.tern ta then recounted, with discussions of AlaskaKnowledge Base content. the technological compo-nent of the Knowledge Sue, the Knowledge BaseCosi Study (including a breakdown of computersystem alternatives), program planning and im-plementation, user specifications in software deve-lopment, the pre-operational Knowledge Basenetwork configuration, the operational support net-work, pilot test evaluation, and the operation of theKnowledge Base retrieval system. The status ofKnowledge Base data files is also discussed. Ap-pended to the test area hit of planning objectivesand examples of Knowledge Base data file printouts.A list of abbreviations and a bibliography on theKnowledge Base On also included. (JL)

ED 217 8931R 010 513EducadeaaJ Telecommualeatiosa for Alias.Velure IYI Individualised Study by Telecom-ernolcatioas.

Alaska State Dept. of Education, Juneau. Office ofEducational Technology and Teluommuoica-tions.; YAF Associates, Rockville, MD.Spans AgencyNational Inst. of Education (ED),Washington, DC.

Pub DateApr 12GrantN1E077.0040Note,-197p.; Photographs will not reproduce. Forrelated documents, see ED 162 611, ED 114 511,ED 207 529, and IR 010 510412.Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Prim MR11/P018 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdministrative Organization, Co..pinta Assisted Instruction, Costa, EducationalNeeds, Individualised Instruction, Instructional Developmem, 'Instructional Systems,Mathematics Instruction, Microcomputers, Ob.jectives, Pilot PrOects, Remedial Reading, RuralSchools,. Secondary Education, State Surveys,Teleconununications

Identifiers Alaska, Educational Telecom:wed-cations for Alaska Project, Individualized Studyby TelecommunicationaThe fourth of Lour volumes, this report documentsthe insplementitioo,evolution, and institutionalisetiots of the IndividualisedStudy by Telecommunk%ions (1ST) Program, a microcomputerbooedsystem developed by the Educational Telecom-munications for Alaska (ETA) Project to provideinstruction and a set of core courses for rural highschool students in Alaska. Following an overview ofthe context of educational needs in Alaska and adiscussion of educational seeds uusameat isAlaska prior to ETA it s detailed account of 1STdevelopment, with particular attention to projectdesign principles, the formalisation of the 1ST In-structional Needs and ImplementationPlan (Includ-ing user needs assessment and instructionalalternatives analysis), the 1ST developmental coo-figuration, the 1ST courseware development pro*eta, field testing of courseware (both exploratoryand pilot testing), special courses developed forteaching genusl mathematics and developmentalreading, operational testing, and the istatitutionall-:atlas) of 1ST. Appended to the text are a set ofreview sheets for use in developing 1ST courses, cost'models for field testing the system, information onthe LEARN/Alaska network, and a list of newcourses sponsored by the ETA project. A list ofabbreviations and a bibliography are also attached.(JL)

7« r

, P "!, ;. #41.1161E

'ED 219 570 CE 033 275Creation of a Telecommunications Network for

Vocational Fa location In Utah. End of ProjectReport.

WorldWide Education and Research 'Inst., SaltLake City. Utah.

Spans AgencyUtah State Office of Education,Salt Lake City. Div. of Vocational Education,

Pub Date-30 Jun 32Contract-82.0102Note-19p.; Best copy available.Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price NIFOI/PC01 Plus Postage.DescriptorsEducational Administration, infor-

motion Processing. Inservice Education. Instruc-tional Systems. Management Systems. MaterialDevelopment, Microcomputers. Networks.'Program Development, Secondary Education.Staff Development. Telecommunications, Telecoriferencins, Telephone Communications Sys.tems, eicationol Education

IdentifiersUtahEquipment and programs related to a system of

telecommunication' for vocational education inUtah were developed and pilot tested. These developments were in response to a need for applying theuse of microcomputers in instruction, administration.'and training programs. Specific objectives ofthe project were clerical and staff use of microcomouter:, personnel send and receive data files, districtpersonnel send and receive messages from state of.!ice, state office personnel access large databasesand national computer networks, district personneremotely access University of Utah computer., andparticipation in audio conferencing and statewidetelecommunication. Project products made avails-ble were an autotutorial diskette for microcomputeruse, telecommunications network, and integrationof the vocational network with larger networks anddatabases. It was recommended that the Utah StateOffice of Education. Vocational Education DM.lion, exert vigorous leadership; use microcomputersin collection, processing, and distribution of data:provide training programs; introduce clerical staff tomicrocomputers. establish an electronic mail network; utilize and build the Utah ERIC to better suitvocational education; and link the Utah Network tonational vocational education resources. (Projectmaterials arc appended.) (YLB)

ED 220 666 CE 033 598Gough. J. EThe Use of Studs Centres in Four Distance Educa-

tion Systems.Spans AgencyAustralian Tertiary Education

Commission, Canberra.Pub Date-31 Oct 80Note-56p.Pub Type Reports Research (143)EDRS Pries MP01fPC03 Plus Postage.Des :riptors 'Correspondenee Study. Cost Effect

tiveoess, Educational Needs, Foreign Countries.Independent .Study. Models, NontraditionalEducation, Outreach Programs. PostsecondaryEducation, Prograra Effectiveness. Study Con -tern. Study Facilities

identifiers Australia, Distance EducationA study was conducted to describe the use of

study centers and study center networks as a sup-port system in distance education in Ausualia. in-formation was obtained by interviewing students.nitors, and coordinators of study centers within fourdistaoceeducation sys:ems. The University ofQueensland, the Riverina Were of AdvancedEducation, the Victorian TAFE OR Campus Networl, and Deakin University were the four par-ticipating institutions. Differences amongsupervision of study centers were considerable altho.igh there were marked similarities in patterns ofstudent usage of the centers Also noted was ambivalence toward the place and meaning of the cell..ters in the minds of the staff and adrr.inistrators Anumber of deficiencies in study centers were identifled From these descriptions. s model of study cen-ters w as developed with discussion on a variety ofways to put such a model into effect. Further research is being done by the institutions to determinethe feasibiliry of pros-Kling more comprehensive ser-vices to students through networking of the studycenters (Author/KC)

a.

ED 220 726 CE 033 971Singer, Norman AL. Ed. And OthersCommunlcatloea Tembaologise; Their Effect on

Adult, Career. and Vocational Education. labor.motion Series No. 244,

ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Voce-Donal Education, Columbus. Ohio.

Spans AgencyNational lat. of Education (ED),Washington. DC.

Pub Due --82Con tract-400. 81-0025Note-50p.Available fromNational Center Publications, Na.

tional Center for Research in Vocational Educe-lion. 1960 Kenny Road. Columbus, OH 43210(1N244, 84.25).

Pub Typo Information Analyse& ERIC Informs-don Analysis Products (071) Opinion Papers(120) Collected Works Outer.' (020)

ED 220 922 EA 014 839Norwood, Frank W.Public Telecommunications Policies and Educe

nun's Options.Pub Date-8IP4"te -10P.; In: Technology and Education: Policy,

Implementation, Evaluation. Proceedings of theNational Conference on Technology and Educe-!Inn (January 26-28. 1911). For related demomenu, see EA 014 833.

Available fromNot available separately; see EA014 633.

Pub Type Speeches/Meeting Papers (150)Opinion Papers (120) Reports Descriptive(lc)

Document Not Available from EDRS.DescriptorsAdministrator. Role. Communica

twos Satellites, Educational Television, 'Govern-mem Role, 'Policy Formation, Public Policy.Public Television, 'reacher Role, TechnologicalAdvancement, 'Telecommunications

Policy

Identifiers...°Educator Role, Federal Communicai ns Cn im mu ni si sc lot in On°31.oint

Council .n n EducationalTelecommunications

The use of satellite telecommunications for educe.tional and other public service purposes hu been

'sinned by educators' lock of awareness of thepotential that exists. While' industry actively pro-motes its own interests, educators rarely even realize that international policies being made today willaffect critically the options available for the use of

technology tomorrow. One tool educators are usingis the Joint Council on Educational Telecommunications (ICET). founded in 1950 to prevent televilion channels from becoming as inaccessible toeducators as radio stations had become.,Interactingin later years with such agencies as the FederalCommunications Commission and the NationalAeronautics and Space Administration, the JCEThas had an impact on the use of satellites for publicservice broadcasting, but unless an advantageoustelecommunications policy becomes a priorityamong educators generally, promising programsand agencies in the area will continue to be first tofail under the budgetcutter's SAC. The author, amember of the JCET. concludes that educators canparticipate in forming communications policy orcat) leave the decisions to others, but must acceptthe consequences. (Author/POD)

0

ED 220 934Alter. Philip C.

Pub

bA 014 8551.1r)vel'inionitso.hrtlisukmins.Approsch: Preserving College

°"le ; In: Technology and Education: Policy.Implementation, Evaluation. Proceedings of theNational Conference on Technology and Educe-

.linsUcnnli1.311ineeuaLryA 2064331981). For related docu

Available from Not available separately; see EA014 133.

Papers (150)

Document Not Available from EDRS.DeseriptorsConsortia, Educational Coopera-tion. EducationalTechnology, Higher Educe-

Regional Cooperation.

The use of sophisticated instructional methodoloales involvingapplications of educational tech

^0198Y has been largely accepted by institutions ofhigher education. How these methodologies can beused in an organized and systematized way remainsunresolved. Reductions in the power and prestige ofindividual institutions under siatemandated roasterPlans, the failure of the master plans to accommodate mediabased instruction. opposition to intro-duction of technological developments on somecampuses. and the lack of interest displayed by nalion! media Organizations have all hampered devel-opment of systematic approaches. A possibleanswer to this situation is the creation of regionalconsortia. Such consortia should be large enough tohave an impact and yet small enough to allow eachmember institution a significant voice in the consorttium's decisionmaking processes. The formation ofa national association of these regional consortiacould allow national planning based on local Yeah-ties that might not be given enough weight under afederally-sponsored centralized program. For illus.trative purposes, this document includes brief descriptions of four regional consortia that coordinatethe use of educational technology at several instilwlions of higher education. (Author/POD)

ED 220 936Xoffarnus. Coral A.The Central Educational Network's Postsecondary

Service.Pub Date-81Note.--7p.; In: 'technology and Education: Policy.

implementation, Evaluation. Proceedings of theNational Conference on Technology and Educe.tion (January 26.21; 1911). For related docu-ments, see EA 014 833.

Available fromNot available separately; see EA014 833.

Pub Type Speeches /Meeting Papers (150) Re-ports Descriptive (141)

Document Not Available from EDRS.Descriptors---Adult Learning. Adult Students,

Consortia, Educational Television. Futures (ofSociety). Lifelong Learning, Postsecondary Edu-cation. Program Administration, Regional Coop-oration, Technological Advancement,Telecommunications

IdentifiersCentral Educational Network, 'Post-secondary Education CouncilRapid technological advances will double Ameri-

ca's information system every 8 years As a result.adults in and out of the work force will need con-tinuel updating of the information and skills theyuse in all aspects of life. Of the current 58.4 millionadults engaged in some form of organised educa-tion. only 12.4 million are attending colleges or unitversities The Central Educational Network formedits Postsecondary Education Council in 1979 to cre-ate a postsecondary telecommunications serviceThe council currently consists of a representativefrom each of 10 statewide councils that have Om:owe bylaws and structures and are composed ofmembers from public broadcasting agencies andpoitsecondary academic and vocational institulions The 10 states participating in the council atpresent are Illinois. Indiana. Kansas. Michigan.Mississippi. Missouri. Nebraska. Ohio, West Vtrginia. and Wisconsin This document describes thecouncil's goals and $ trvices. its assessment of feesand distribution of costs, and its plans for futuregrowth (Author/PGDI

EA 014 858

ED 221 155 IR 010 151Rohert

Numbering Systems in Test (and) Dimension" ofQuality In Educational Tests. Notes on Trans-formiros 4 (Slay 19771, and 5 (January 1971).

Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England).Inst. of Educational Technology.

Pub Date-78Note-27p.; For related documents, see IR 010

0(1.013.Pub Type Collected Works General (020)

Opinion Pipers (120) Reports Research (143)El/RS Price SIF0IsPCO2 Plus Postage.DescriptorsDesign Requirements, Foreign Coun.

tries. Instructional Design, Layout (Publics-bons), Mudd.. 'Textbook Preparation, TextbookPublication

Identifiers- -Distance Education, Open University (Great Britain), Text StructureThese two papers discuss ways of improving the

quality of educational testa used by the Open Uni-versity in distance !riming courses. The first discusses how text numbering systems should be usedand when it is appropriate to use them; five recom-mendations are given. 'The last paper discusses howinstructional design teams can best approach deci-sions about the presentation of course units. It isconcluded that the quality of text presentation is a

'function of many interconnected factors. (LLS)

ED 221 133 IR 010 181O'Bryan. Kenneth (7Writing for Instructional Television.Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Washington,

. D.C.Report No.ISBN0-89776.052.2Pub DatealNote-157p.Available rromCorporation for Public Broadcast-

ing. 1111 16th St., N.W., Washington. DC 20036(S5.00, prepaid).

Pub Type Books (010) Guioes Non- Class-room (055)

EDRS Price SIFOI Pius Postage. PC Not Availa-ble from EDRS.

DescriptorsEducational Television, Group Dy-namics, Instructional Design. Production Tech-niques, Programing (Broadcast), PublicTelevision, 'Scripts, Television StudiosWriting considerations specific to instructional

television (ITV) situations are discussed in thishandbook written for the beginner, but designed tobe of use to anyone creating an ITV script. Adviceincluded in the handhook is based on informationobtained (ruin ITV 'rem literature reviews, andthe Illtittle% personal experience. The ITV writer'srelationship to other members of a project team isdiscussed, as well Al the role of each team member,including the project leader, instructional designer,academic consultant, researcher, producer/direc-tor. utilization person, and writer. Specific sugges-tions are then made for writing and working withthe project team and additional ps,.Auction crewmembers. A chapter is devoted to such specific ITVwriting conventions as script format, productiongrammar. camera terminology. and transitions be-tween shwa. Understanding production technologyis the focus of a chapter which discusses lighting,sound, set design, and special effects. An in-depthlook at choice of form-narrative, dramatic, docu-mentary, magazine, or drama-is provided, followedby advice and guidelines for dealing with such fac-tors as the target audience, budget and casting,treatment. visualization, and revisions. Ten addi-tional readings are auggeste's

72

ED 222 150 HE 015 593Dodd JohnThe Credibility of Distance Education, DERG

Papers, Number 1.Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley (England). Distance

Education Research Group.Pub DateApr SINote17p.Available fromDistance Education Research

Group, The Open University, Walton Hail, (Rtn.Q229 M Block), MK7 MA, United Kingdom(1.00 pound Brit., including postage).

Pub Type Reports Evaluative (142)EDRS Price h1F01 Plus Postage. PC Not Availa-

ble from EDRS.DescriptorsAcademic Standards, °Adult. Stu

dents. College Students, Experiential Learning.Extension Education, General Education,Higher Education, Nontraditional Education,Nontradition.' Students, Student Experience.Teaching Methods

Identifiers Distance EducationArguments commonly made against distance edu

scion systems and the merits of these contentionsate considered. It is suggested that when plans toestablish a distance teaching university are an-nounced. a common reaction is the view that it willnever work. The conduct of distance teaching,which is visible in printed materials and audible inbroadcasting, is open for all to examine and to judge.It is rioted that opportunities for students to under-take practical work can be provided by distanceteaching systems. Distance teaching universitieshave recognized the limitations of the distance system by concentrating their efforts primarily on gen-eralist lather than specialist degree programsAlthough the notion that learning at a distance iseasier than learning by conventional methods ispopular, the courses studied at a distance are noteasier; they differ essentially in the means by whichthe) are taught. The course standards for distanceeducation are comparable with ?!..ose hi the conven-tional system. Advisory bailss monitor academicstandards and teaching staff and ealustors for dislance education. The strUctured learning materialsof distance education systems faciitate the assimilation of content. It is suggested that at the time ofgraduation, distance learning students can achievelevels of attainment the same as or higher than theirpeers who have studied fullaime on campus. Whatis unique about students in distance teaching univer-sities is that they are typically adults already in full-time employment, and many distance studentsstudy for reasons unrelated to employment. Con-trary to popular belief, distance education is not:heap.'(SW)

. ; C. 03.4,1041.i.

ED 222 1S1 HE 015 594Friedman, H. ZviThe Admission System la Distance Teaching Insti-

tutions. DERG Papers, Number 2.Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley (England). Distance

Education Research Group.Pub DateApr SINote-39p.Available from Distance Education Research

Group. The Open University, Walton Hall, (Rm.Q229 M Block), NIK7 6AA, United Kingdom(1.50 pounds Brit. Including postage).

Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price MFBI Plus Postage. PC Not Availa-

ble from EDRS.DescriptorsAdmissions Counseling, Case Stu-

dies. °Colleae Admission, College Applicants,College Freshmen, Decision Making, °ExtinsionEducation, Foreign Countries, Higher Education,Information Systems, Open Universities, SchoolRegistration, Student Records, Systems Ap-proach

Identifiers 'Distance EducationAdmissions at distance education systems is con-

sidered for new students (rather than continuingstudents). Based on a systems analysis, it is notedthat there are three major subsystems to carry outthe objective of converting applicants into students:the receipt of applications, the allocation of applicants to first year or introductory courses and theoffer of places to applicants. and integration of ap-plicants into the institution. The following proce-dures are discussed: promoting awareness of thedistance teaching institution; providing preapplica-tion guidance; keeping records of applications; andanalyzing applications. Components of the task ofoffering applicants admission are as follows: assess-ing applications. determining whether academic!.nonacademic criteria are met, and whether a placeis available for the course desired; Informing IMO-cants of the result of their application; and analyzingcourse allocations for the institution. The basicfunctions of registration are outlined as follows; re-cording acceptance or refloat; changing an applica-tion record into a master student record;distributing the student record to regional/local ser-vices and administrative purposes; and analyzingregistrations. The admission system functions withthe operational cycle of the institution and may encompass serial or parallel operations. An admissionsmodel is outlined. and a flowchart is presented toillustrate the formal Information network. The ad.missions systems of the following institutions arevery briefly described: Universidad NacionalMuerte of Venezuela; Sri Lanka Institute of Distance Education; the Free University of Iran; Na-tional Extension College, United Kingdom;Everyman's University, Israel; the Allem* IgbalOpen University of Pakistan; Universidad Estatal aDistends of Costa Rica; and Open University,United Kingdom. (SW)

ED 222 132 HE 015 595'. Rumble. Grrville

Costa Rica's Ualvenidad Estatal a Distends.' ACase Study, DERG Papers, Number 4,

Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley (England). DistanceEducation Research Group.

Pub DateNov 111Note Sip.Available fromDistance Education Research

Group, The Open University, Walton Hall, (Rm.Q229 M Block), MK7 6AA, United Kingdom(1.50 pounds Brit., including postage).

Pub Type Reports - Descriptive (141)EDRS Price SIMI Plus Postage. PC Not Availa-

ble from EDRS.DescriptorsAccess to Education. Adult Stu-

dents, Case Studies, College Curriculum, College' Students, Curriculum Design, Economically

Disadvantaged, Extension Education, ForeignCountries, Governance, Higher Education, In-structional Materials, Low Income Groups, OpenUniversities, Student Characteristics

Identifiers 'Costs Rica. Distance Education,'Universidad Estatal a Distancia (Costa Rica)Costa Rica's Univenidad Estatal a Distancia

(UNED), the education system in the country, andinformation on Costa Rica are considered. UNEDis helping to equalize geographical inequalities ofaccess to higher education. Overall. UNED's ace-demic programs have been aimed at those who wantto obtain professional qualifications. In the firstsemester 1979, 75.4 percent of UNED's employedstudents came from the professional. administra-tive, and managerial classes. Data suggest that

UNED is not providing increased educational ogportunities for the economically deprived. Althoughthe direct cost of studying at UN ED is less than thatof the other universities. the lack of grants availableto UNED students effectively ban the poorer mem-bers of society from pursuing a degree coune withthe university. The university initially concentratedon the de.slopment of a series of profesiionally ori-ented degree and diploma programs and also -L. we-loped extension studies programs and a free studiesprogram. More recently, UNED has begun to deve-lop a secondary school (bachillerato) program thatwill entail distance education. Information is alsoprovided on: the course structure, media and meth-ods, course design, student support services, studentevaluation, quality of teaching materials, student sttrition, UNED's organizational and governancestructure, costs, and school and higher educationsystems in Costa Rica The country's physical setting, population and economy, communications.and people are described. (SW)

ED 222 153 HE 015 596Coe& Luis Esping,Radio ECCA:' A Distance Learning System In the

Canary Islands. DERG Paper", Number 5.Open Univ.. Walton. Blotch ley (England). Distance

Education Research Group.Pub DateJan 82Note-63p.Available fromDistance Education Research

GrouP, The Open University. Walton Hall, (Rm.0229 NI Block), %1K7 6AA. United Kingdom(2.00 pounds Brit., Including postage).

Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141) Transit'-. tions (170)

EDRS Price NIFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Malta-ble from EDRS.

DescriptorsCollege Students, Curriculum Deve-lopment, Economcally Disadvantaged, 'Educe.tional Radio, Enrollment Trends, 'ExtensionEducation, 'Foreign Countries, Higher Educe.tion, Records (Forms). Student Characteristics,Student Evaluation. Tutoring

IdentifiersICantry Islands, Distance Education,Radio ECCA, SpainThe Cultural Radio Station of the Canary Islands

(Radio ECCA), a distance learning system, is de-scribed. Various Spanish institutions have intro-duced the ECCA system of teaching into theirrespective provinces by collaborative agreementswith kadlo ECCA. The total enrollment of ECCAstudents in Spain (including the Canary Islands)reached 29,505 for the academic year 1979.80, andnine Latin American countries have also introducedthe ECCA system. Although Radio ECCA focusesits attention on the needs of the socially deprivedcommunity, it does not exclude the higher stratafrom its student body. Data on student age, place ofresidence, and student occupations are presented.Educational activities are centered on: broadcastingcourses leading to an academic qualification; formalteaching and academic courses for adults not lead-ing to a qualification (i.e., aimed at improving thequality of life and job performance); and providingentertaining broadcasts when education programsare nqt being transmitted. ECCA is based on printtneterials, radio, and tutoring. Aspects of courseproduction and distribution are discussed, alongwith: student recruitment; efforts to overcome feel-ings of impersonality and to increase student moti-vation; student evaluation; program organizationand administration; program evaluation and moni-toring; financial resources or the program; topogra-phy of the Canary Islands; mod the population.economy, and communications. A number of lessonmaster sheets from courses, a student registrationform. a student evaluation form, and a weekly tutorreport form are appended. (SW)

74

ED 222 635 CE 1.4Donitt John Ern Ed And OthersLamle* at a Distance: A World ['aniseed**.Athabasca Univ., Edmonton (41beru): in'r'

tional Council for Correspondence Educal;01Report No.ISBN-0-919737.00-!Pub Date-82Note-343p.; Proceeding of the World Co"fer

of the International Council for Correspoo,Education (12th, Vancouver, JIG Juno 46"1982).

Pub Type-- Collected Works PrOCCeillia ie: IIIInformation Analyses (070) Reports 0eA.rP

041);Is pries 1811/PC14 ilea Postage..orietotaAcedemieAchievement, Adult EduAwn, Ancillary School Services, Audiovisual:mseunicadons, 'Computer Assisted Instruc-

Continuing Education, Correspondence:rAti,*Developing Nations, Economic Develop.-est, Educational Development, Educational44klia, Educational Research, Elementary Sec-obey Education, Learning Processes, Massgg&L, Nontraditional Education, Policy Forma-l% program Administration, Social Develop-

. Student Motivation,'I elecommunicationsor.fersDistance Education-y book, the basic document of the 1982 Van-.,,scesvorld conference on "Learning at a Dis-.-e. describes the state of the art of distance

in the early 1980e. It includes papers on:tit:acts from over 120 authors representing

..:t :5 countries. The 119 papers are divided intore" sections. [welch section the first paper is an..reduction to the topic. The 10 articles in section

ight important international trends. Section 2;:rats) focuses on the contribution c distance

nrtiag so national development. The 18 papers inwain 3 discuss recent research and developments

ztance learning. The 13 papers in section 4 deal.th the difficult relationship between the mass-pro--sad kerning package and the diverse studentsae. Methods of encouraging student achievementvesigh improved quality of contact with the insti-

sre examined. Section 5 (22 papers) looks atmasses of policy making and management.

le 19 papers in section 6 describe approachesrased to provide instruction in topics varying from...sic to affective relationships. Section 7 (20 pa-el) focuses on contributions of communications-eifia and computer technology. Appendixes in-ode a glossary, bibliography, notes on contribu-sa and author and subject indexes. (YLB)

:.r.;

ED 223 125 HE 015 452Armstrong. John D., Ed Store. Ron E: EdEvaluation in Distance Teaching. Proceeding' of a

Workshop (Townsville, Avenilia, May 11-14,1980).

Townsville Coll. of Advanced Education. Queens.land (Australia).

Report No.ISBN0-9594543-04Pub DateAug 80Note-190P.; Workshop held in cooperation with

the Australian and South Pacific External StudiesAssociation.

'Pub Type Collected Works - Proceedings (021)Reports - Descriptive (141) Tests/Question-mires (160)

.EDRS Price MFOIRCOO Phu Pattie.DescriptorsAssigninimts, Audiovisual Aids,

College Instruction, Communication Problems,Course Evaluation. Course Objectives, Cur-riculum Development, Curriculum Evaluation,Educational Assessment, Educational Media,Educational Objectives, Educational Philosophy,Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Methods, Eaten-siors Education, Feedback, Foreign Countries,Higher Education, Inservice Teacher Education,Interaction Process Analysis, InterdisciplinaryApproach, Mining, Program Evaluation, StudentEvaluation, Teaching Methods

Identifiers Darling Downs last of Advanced Educ(Australia), Deakin University (Australia), Dis-tance Education, Newcastle College of AdvancedEduc (Australia), Townsville Coll of AdvancedEducation (Australia), University of Queensland(Australia)Proceedings of a 1980 workshop in Queensland,

Australia, on evaluation is distance teaching arepresented. Two focal areas were the assessment ofstudents and evaluation of programs and courses. Inaddition to keynote and workshop papers, a varietyof evaluation forms are presented. Among the pa-pen and authors are: "The. Setting Tertiary Edu-cation in Australia in the 1980's" (3. A. Allen);"Assessment of Students in Distance Teachinf"(Brendan Connors); "Program Evaluation in Du-tance Teaching -Against the Techologiution ofReason" (Stephen O. Kemmls); "New Horizons inDistance Education" (Eric (lough). "Key Issues inEvaluation in Distance Teaching' .(John D. Arm-strong); "Practical Project Assessment Problems inDistance Teaching" (W. L. Cook); "Evaluation ofKnowledge, Attitudes, and Skills in DistanceTeaching: A Discussion Paper" (A. J. Daring, R. P.Moon); "The Assessment of Skills-OrientedCourses in In-Service Programs for Teachers"(Barry A. Fields, Caroline Coltman); "Evaluationand Change in the Deakin Course Team Context"(M. Kelly); "Criteria for Assessing Assignments"(D. A. F. Mitchell); "Evaluative Feedback on Stu.dent Assignments" (I. NeD. Mitchell); "Using aCommunicating Styles Survey to Evaluate the In.teraction Patterns of External Students in Queens.land" (Brian Noad, Ken Stafford); "ThePreparation, Implementation, and Evaluation ofNonPrint Media in s Mathematics Curriculum Stu.dies Course" (1..1. Putt); and "Development, Teach.ins, and Assessment of a Multidisciplinary Course:A Case Study" (P. C. Sharma, W. H. Richmond).(SW)

ED 223 243Afruter, Ralph F And Others

IR 010 506

Closed-Circult Educational Television (TITS) laNortheastern Californias The 33,000 SquatAttie Campus.

Pub DateJul 82Note-23p.; Paper sensed at the General Assem-

bly of the World FirrUf Society (4th, Washington,DC, July 18.22, 1982). For related documents,see IR 010 526, IR 050 010, and IR 050 018.

Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141) Spee-ches/Meeting Papers (150)

EDRS Prim hIP0I/PC01 Plus Postage.DescriptorsClosed Circuit Television, Eeluch

tional Inabvation, Educational Television, Elec.

.ironic

EgulPmentsHigherEducation,*ltorma tionNetworka, Reiioal roiranusemcei:TeachingMethodi.

municadons, TelecoursesIdentifiersCalifornia State University Chico,

'Distance Education, Instructional TelevisionFixed Service, Interactive SystemsThis paper describes the Instructional Television

Fixed Service (I'ITS) program, a closed-circuit edu-cational television system in which classes originat-ins on the California State University, Chico(CSUC) campus are simultaneously broadcast liveto various 1TFS sites within Northeastern Cali-fornia. Following an introduction, the first sectionsummarizes the back round, history, development,and growth of the ITFS system (also known as In-structional Television for Students) at Chico. Re-sults of the spring 1982 enrollments in the ITFSsystem classes are then analyzed. The concludingsection outlines plans and suggestion for future useand expansion of the system. A seven-item refer-ence list is included. Supplementary attachments tothe paper include maps showing California StateUniversity and Colleges locations, she area servedby TITS, and the population density of the area; alist of past 1TFS courses; maps showing LearningCenter locations and microwave signal transmitters;enrollment data; FITS enrollments by course, in-structor, and location; sample display giving instruc-tions for connecting and using the system; the tableof contents from the MS Student Handbook; amap showing statewide system connections; and adiagram showing equipment involved end the net-work connections at CSUC and kerning sites.(LMM)

ED 223 245 IR 010 514Broadbent. R. E. EdEducation of the Isolated: Geographic and Cultural

Aspects. Selected Papers from the Annual Con.Terence of the Australian College of Education(22nd, Alice Springs and Darwin, Australia, May14.20, 1981).

Australian Coll. of Education, Carlton, Victoris.Report No.ISBN-0-909587-184Pub Date-81Note-123p.Available fromAustralian College of Education,

916 Swanston St., Carlton, Victoria 3053, Aus-tralia (56.50 per copy, plus postage).

Pub Type Collected Works Proceedings (021)Opinion Papers (120) Reports Descriptive(141)

EDRS Price ME01 Plus Postage. PC Not Mallyble from EDRS.

DescriptorsAccess to Education, EducationalDemand, Equal Education, 'Ethnic Groups, Ea-

. tension Education, Foreign Countries, Geo-graphic Location, Open Universities, RuralExtension, Social Isolation, Technology Transfer

IdentifiersAustralia, 'Distance EducationThe 11 papers in this collection focus on isolation

in education, with emphasis on problems associatedwith geographical remoteness, and with socir -ultural barriers also giving rise to isolation. Five t apens concentrate on distance education and possiblemeasures which can be used in social and educa-tional processes to deal with isolation; readers arecautioned not to be too optimistic about technological solutions. The establishment of a national centerfor researching problems and solutions to the provi-sion of education in rural Australia is described. Theconcept and operation of the Open University andits success in develneing distance communicationmethods are discussed Other papers consider barrierg to education posed by cultural differences, lan!OM social background, and socio-politicalstructures Four of these papers deal with specificareas of Australian isolation related to AustralianAborigines, in particular, and include reviews ofspecific programs and research projects. (Au-thorn-NM)

IR 010 526ED 223 230ITFS Student Handbook.California State Univ., Chico.Pub Date-82Note-26p.; For related documents, see IR 010

506, IR 050 010, find IR 050 018.Pub Type Guides Classroom Learner (031)

Reference Materials (130)EDRS Price MF'01/PCO2 Plus Postage.Descriptorsaosed Circuit Television, Colley

Students. Educational Television. Higher Educe-lion. Information Networks, Library Services,Program Descriptions, `Student Personnel Services, Telecourses

Identifiers California State University Chico,Distance Education, Instructional TelevisionFixed Service, Interactive SystemsThis small handbook is intended to answer guts-

dons of students enrolled in the InstructionalTelevision for Students (1TFS) program, a closed-circuit interactive television system of CaliforniaState University at Chico. This guide provides gen-eral information on the ITFS system (officiallydesignated Instructional Television Fixed Service),whereby classes originating on the Chico campusar broadcast live to various !ITSsites within Northeastern California, and studentswatch the live television and interact with the Chicoclasses via telephone or radio. Academic programsavailable are summarized and procedures fortaming additional information are provided. TheITFS classroom experience is'described andsugges-tions are made about what students should expect.The attributes of successful ITFS students are outimed. Additional sections suggest study tech-niqiies. library services available, and use of thoseservices. Information is provided on the followingstudent services: admissions and records, advisineand orientation, associated students, counseling andcareer planning, disabled student services, !num.tionally related activities,& lacement office, studentdevelopment programs, sodent financial aid, student health center, and veterans affairs. A list ofmajor offices and Own. vursalms .999handbook. (LM MI

ED 224 430 HE OIS 739Gowsh, J. Elistening and Learning Audio Cassettes at DeakinUalverd.Pub Date -Aug SONote-13p. .

Pub Type. Reports Research (143)EDRS Price M.P01/P001 Mu Postage.Descriptors--Audiotspe Casettes, 'College Stu-

dents, Educational Media, Educational Tech-nology, Extension Education, ForeignCountries, Higher Educe*, Institutional Re-search, Instructional Materials, Listening Nab-hs, Nontraditional Education, ParticipantSatisfaction, 'Student Attitudes, Study Habits,Use Studies

IdentifiersDeakin University (Australia),, Dis-tance EducationStudent attitudes about Isles audio cassettes

the course Images of Man" at Deakin University,Australia, were evaluated be 1979. A total et 192off-campus and 39 oncampus students respondedto a mall questionnaire. Responses indicate the fol-lowing: students stopped cassette' to take a breakand to replay sections; 70 percent listened to cas-settes while doing a routine chore, and about 73percent usually listened wbea they were free of in-terruptions; students did sot Always use the pro-grams at the appropriate time and delayed theirlistening; some students desired program tran-senpts; women were much More Melly to listen tocassettes when free of Interruptions and when doingchores, and to feel that the van on cassettes helpedto overcome the isolation felt by being off-campusstudents; distance from campus did not seem to in-teract with the cassettes' role In lessening feeliags ofisolation or In keeping students working on thecourse; off-campus students seemed to enjoy cas-settes more than did cmcampus students, weremore concerned to build them into their study pro-pams, and were more accepting of the shoncom-inp of programs in :mutat but more critical ofproduction and technical shortcomings; the maindissatisfaction of on-campus students was not beingprovided with their own copies of audio cassettes aswere off-campus students. It is concluded that ahigh proportion of students used and highly valuedaudio cassettes supplied u pan of their teachingmaterials, and that more guidance should be givento so. lent to Improve their skills In using tapeseffectively. Some student comments are included.(SW)

ED 224 431Gough. J. E

HE OIS 760

Distance Education Systems: How to Amen Them.Pub DateMay SONote-4p.Pub Type Opinion Papers (120)EDRS Price hIPOI/PC01 Plus Postage.Descriptors Accountability, College Progrunt,

College Role, Delivery Systems, EducationalAssessment, Ediscational Polity, atension Edu-cation, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, In-structional Materials, 'Nontraditional Education,Program Administration, Program Evaluation.Resource Allocation, Student College Relation-ship

IdentifiersAustralia, 'Distance EducationPerspectives on accountability In distance educe-

don, which began In Australis In 1911 at Queens-land University, ate considered. It is suggested thatto be effective, distance education needs a soundphilosophical basis; appropriate organizationalstructure; adequate resource allocation; specializededucational techniques and student access; producdon of effective learning materials; an efficientcourse delivery system, including a student supportsystem; staff development programs; and evaluativeand monitoring procedures. Each component of adistance education system needs careful examine-Von. The following questions must be consideredhow does the institution perceive and articulate itsrole In terms of students admitted, what is taughtand by whom, and teaching methods; bow muchdoes the institution invest in its distance educationsystem, and what priority does it accord the system;how well articulated is the distance education ?yrtem with the rest of the institution; what provisionsare made for the design and development of newcourses; are materials produced in a format thatfacilitates student usage and that is appropriate tothe subject, level of the course, and the updating

it:Ifcsnidganusigretlisintudlearasise;;111"414hagantdi:ridestaPive"ableigetkin:Ingiaidiot'IMaufo:amilntualbaseef iLli'vantild.neds.vmdprogram does the institution have? (SW)

ED 224 432 HE 015

f)Distanee Eduestioa, Mature Ale, Opal Eatry asCo unselliag.

Pub Date-79Note-9p.

Gough. J. E.

Pub Type Reports "Descriptive (141)EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Pins Postage.DescriptorsAcadensic Advisiog, Adult

dents, °Ancillary 'School Services, College'dents, Eatension Education, External DqPrograms, Family Influence, Foreign CountHigher Education, High Risk Students, IndivisCounseling, Open Enrollment, Role CoolStuden' College Relationship, Student Neer

IdentifiersDeakin University (Australia)43lance EducationCounseling support for adult students coterie

distance teaching program at Deakin Dives"Australia, and evaluation of this service arescribed. Admission is granted to adult eta&without formal educational qualifications, incounseling program provides information on themends of university study and possible roleeenllthat may 'rise among the responsibilities of7mand family, employmept, and university acounseling prop= has three components; (1)0pletion of admission and enrollment pro:alumsnew off-campus students prior to beginning tstudies and provision of tacking materials 5 1weeks before the usual distribution; (2) an inferdon packet on available resources, advice= attechniques, and an exercise in assessing reasonsentering the university; and (3) Saturday workabto explore in more detail some of the issues taiin the counseling package and any other issueconcern. In 1978 there were 238 special entsysistudents, with equal proportions of men .

women. The men tended to be younger and felt 1factors outside their control had caused thesediscontinue their viimation; women regarded dresponsibility for husbands and children as the;jor impediment. The 210 adult respondents fothe section of the counseling package on study seciques the most helpfuL his suggested that idolsins high-risk atudenis and providing additicsupport is insporint so prevent student aididm(St)

ED 224 433 HE 015 ;Gongk JDeakin University; A New Reel:nig,Pub Date-79.Note-7p.Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price MFOI/P001 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAdmission Criteria, Adult Stude

Articulation (Education), College Faculty, Clege Programs, College Role, College StudeExtension Education, External Degree Igrams, Foreign Countries, Higher EdiseatiMergers, Open Entollmetit

IdentifiersDeakin University (Australia), Itenet Education. 'New CollegesInformation on Australia's Deakin University,

corporated in 1975 to absorb the Gordon Instilof Technology and the State College of VietoGeelong, is presented Attention is directed toe

. cationtd heritage, transition for students, satand courses, enrollments, location, temporary nibuildings. student facilities and organizations,dent housing. student services, off -campus (exnal) studies, and staff appointments. Deakin initi.was to include six schools (education, pure andplied sciences, engineering and architecture, sosciences, humanities, and business) and was tomil students who satisfied normal entry roqu

,menu, as well as capable and motivated atstudents who did not meet the regular admisscriteria Although most students enrolled atother two institutions were full-time, proriswould be made for pan -time students in accourses One of Deakin's chief responsibilities Idistinguished it from other Victorian urnvertiwas the provision of college courses for stridewho .1i' ere unable to mend classes on campus. :these students, there would be first -level coursethe bun:tr.:ties science area It was plantr., after advanced coursm sn that students ooc.cir.;:eie a Bachelor o' Arts degree off campus.,to male available a conversauon course for teac

1.1) 224 458 IR 010 439Grown. Lairrectre PNew Technologies In Ecluratios,Pub Date 26 May 81Note -38p; An edited version of this article will

appear in the Sth edition of the Encyclopedia ofEducational Research, published by the AmericanEducational Research Association (1982).

Pub Type Information Analyses (070)EDRS Price NIF01/1)(332 Plus Postage.Descriptors- Audio Equipment, Audiovisual In-

struction, Computer Assisted Instruction, °Com-puler' Oriented Programs, Computer Programs,Educational Media, 'Equipment Utilisation.Input Output Devices, Literature Reviews,Technology Transfer, Telecommunications,Video EquipmentMany technologies besides microcomputers and

videodiscs have been and are being used effectivelyin education, and. this article provides an overviewof the current utilisation of a variety of educationaltechnologies. Existing technologies are categorizedaccording to their accessibility, whether used locallyor over a distance, and their capability, whetherprimarily audio and audiographic, computer, orvideo. The technologies and their typical applica-tions are explored, using an approach which followsthe de v etopmeou in hardware and their uses in edu-cation. Audio and audiographie technologies dis-cussed include radio and audiotapes, telephone,three categories of telewriters, slow-scan television,facsimile, and educational telephone networks.Computer related topics include expenditures forcomputing, trends in computer hardware, availabil-ity of computers, computerbased instruction,course materials, small and large-scale evaluationsof computer-based instruction, computer-assistedtesting, and computer conferencing. Video technol-gies described include broadcast television, Instrue-timed Television Fixed Service systems, satellitesand cable systems, video recording media, andevaluation study results. An extensive 68-item ref-erence list is included. (LMM)

ED 224 459Frolte, Marlowe. Ed And OthersTelecommunicadons and Higher Education. Om-

sloes) Paper No, 3.Pittsburgh Univ., Pa. Inst. for Higher Education.Pub Date-81 ,

Note-101p.

IR 010 440

Available fromInstitute for Higher Education,University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Quadrangle,Pittsburgh, PA 15260 ($5.03).

Pub Type Opinion Papers (120) Speeches/ -Meeting Papers (150)

EDRS Price MFOI Plus Pottage. PC Not Avail*.Isle from EDRS.

DescriptorsAdoption (Ideas), Change Strate-gies, Decision Making, Educational Innovation,'Educational Trends, Higher Education, Institu-tional Cooperation, Lifelong Learning, °Tech-.nology Transfer, 'TelecommunicationsThe first of the three papers which set the theme

for this monograph on telecommunications is anexamination of the implications of telecomniunica-lions developments for the learning society by Mi-chael B Spring. Marlowe Froke then looks attelecommunications development in institutions ofhigher education and discusses institutional changethat might allow effective use of the new tech-nology Finally,' Walter Radzyminski addresses theopportunities and obstacles higher education willneed to consider in deciding whether or not to usecable telecommunications technology in planningfor institutional futures. Several respondents pro-vide formulated statements reacting to one or moreof the initial three papers These responses includeperspectives from the cable industry, from a smalluniversity's telecommunications efforts, and fromthe development of a 10-institution consortiumagreement Other topics covered are the commitmenu necessary to participate in the telecommuthcanons re voluuon. issues and trends considered inthe principal papers, life-long learning issues. andinstitutions! considerations John C Weidman pro-vides a summary of the monograph and makes someconcluding observidons (Author/LMM)

7

ED 224 460 IR 010 490-.Kiernan. Joseph M. Goldberg, JackDistance Education; One Way Television with

Simultaneous. Tele hone Group ConferendagUsing Satellite Ma as a Monitoring Device. AReport to the hums e Projects Fund.

Spoils AgencyAlbc Dept. of Advanced Educa-tion and Manpower, Edmonton.

Pub Date-30 May 80Note-12p.; Funded by the Program Services Divi-

sion.Pub Type Reports Reiearch (143)EDRS Price MF01/P031 Plus Postage.DescriptorsAudiovisual Instruction, Cable

Television, Convectional Instruction, Educa-tional Television, Elementary School Teachers,Foreign Countries, Insenice Teacher Education,Intermediate Grades, Intemiode Differences,Map Skills, Teacher Attitudes, Teaching Meth-ods, Telecommunications, Teleconferencing

. IdectifiersAJberta (Edmonton), Canada, Dis-tance TeachingThis study compared teachers instructed in use of

Landsat satellite maps through one-way televisionand simultaneous telephone group conferencini toanother teacher group instructed directly. Thirtyteachers of intermediate children in Edmonton andSherwood Park. Alberta. received S hours of in.struction about Landsat maps over a 2week period;they began instructing their pupils in Landsat mapuse during the second week. The Edmonton teach-ers received direct instruction in one center whileSherwood Park teachers received TVtelephone in-struction in three different centers. Both groups hadthe same instructors and materials. Pupils taught bythese teachers were tested on their ability to inter-pret Landsat mites, and teachers rated their inset-vice training with a mail questionnaire. Resultsindicated that the TV-telephone mode was accepta-ble as an inservice delivery system, and was rateddesirable by a majority. A substantial minority,however, viewed the experimental mode as undesir-able, indicating a need for future analysis and someimprov . ; it on the present delivery mode. TheW-telt; : e mode was superior on physical com-fort and convenience ratings, but no significant in-tergroup differences were found in capability toimpart instruction. This report includes two refer-ences and suggesui topics for further research.CLMNO

ED 2 2 4 4 6 5 IR 010Booth. John A.Correspoodence.Eduastion In the Light of a Sow

ber of Contemporary Teaching Models.Report No.-1SBN-91-23-92144-7Pub Date-79Note-129p.; For related document, see IR

509. This study is a revised and trsnslstedof the project report 'Two-way Corrirminsa-smis Corresponcli,iize Education" (DeparynresEducation, University of Lund, Sweden).

Pub Type Reports - Research (143)dons (170) Books (010)

EDRS Price MFO1 Plus Postage. PC Nos Anwarble from EDRS.

DescriptorsCorrespondence Study.Lions! Theories, Instructional Design. :r.sn--tiongl Development, Instructional kisrrr.sALearning Theories, Material Devekrevew.Models

IdentifiersBehaviorism, Distance Trs..s..4Structural Communication, Two Way Cernez-v-cationTo contribute to a deeper understanding 4 3°

once education and its potential des19-chapter book systematically relates .:Ll';"ence education to seven teaching models- 1-behavior control model, Rothleopfs model 'a '1'

ten instruction, Ausubel's advance organizerEgan's str4ctural communication model,discovery learning model. Rogers' model 's'tation of learning, g, and Gagne's general

model. Following two introductory chsptersing background, aim. Ind teaching modes el"the seven models is discussed in depth. Ea.'

firh descnbed, with an exp!snatron .ts 4'1

learning and teaching. Then. spec:f1.: 31the model :ould be applied to ccrrev.s.---:*cation are maimed. A summary -hsl-ctthe poisibility of applying the modelsspondence education. suggests factors to 1ered when choosing and applying trt-"-13.

descnbes possible functions of postal two-"municatiom An Hpage reference list is

(Author LNINI)

- -

4 .

IR 010 509'b jole" A.

at 7frP) Commusslastlo. Ia Correspond.r }4uiadfln. Al Empirical 1,'setIpt1oa,t, Dste-0

6p.; Pot ,clatsd document, see IR

,. Books (0)0) lnforatlon Analyses-. Rcports Research (143)

pR'. Price MFOI PIUS P015145. PC Not Acalla.k from ZDRS...,rsComputet Onented Proj.ama,

.o4espondence Study, Foreign Countries, In.s"u:uoflhl Design, lotermode Differencei, Liter... gewa, Secondary Education, Studenta,ude' Student Attrition, Tables (Data), TimeI ,'rs (Learning), 'Time on Task, 'ocationpJ

_'DisIance Teaching, Great Britain,1r"l) .. Sweden, TO WI) Communication

a, riir' of the research on correspondence edu.,th emphi.sis on its s'a-o.way comxnunlca.

:. 1dUCCS this ?CJ)OT CD.,,. oesigned to shed light upon problems relatedthe design md delivery of correspondence in.

A tot.al of 1,805 adult students enrolled inSi'edish, Norwegian. and British corre-

,.nce courses of a secondary school or voca.Eri4 type wey randomly assigned to

,retmental groups wth (1) varyng "submiasio?.Il) (equivalent t varying length of study

.. . () varying numbrn of assignment questiona,...-tird questions being replaced by sclf.check ez.

rue). arid (t) traditional postal Instruction versus..'enrjter.a3sisted posh.] instruction. Data were col-

&trd through SUCS tionnaires, final tests, and a ape.:a student register. Results in the third series of,,ciments ihoned that the computerized pasta).:r.jtiOfl was experienced as more positive by the

s:...tts than the traditional one. Students riceiving..ruiet.a.tsisted correspondence tutoring started

tng more assignments than students receiv-raitiori& tutoring by mmii. in one of the two

,,eimental courses, they also completed their stu...-r' noTe fully and mote rapidly. Examples of

Iec.s'ay communication, computer-rrtcd comn,ent letters, and additional tables

arr'ended. and a 13-page refcrenc list is prov.t,catsoriLMM3

ED224469 1R010521Rakowsk Robert R Chute. Alan 13.Guidelines for Effectl'e Teleconference Present..

tiocs In Continuing Medical Education.Pub DateMar 82Note.9p.; Paper presented it the Issues in Higher

Education Conference (Atlanta, GA, Much1982). For related documents, see ED 223 2)4and JP 010 322.523.

Pub Type Spceches/Meeting Papers (130) Re-ports . Descriptive (141)

EDRS Price . MFU1iPl1 Plus Postage.DescnptorsAdvance Organizem. 'Information

Networks. 'Instructional Design. Medical Educa-tion. Participation, 'Physicians, 'ProfessionalContinuing Education, Relevance (Education),Teaching Methods, Teleconfercncing, 'VisualAids

IdentifiersSouth DakotaDesigning teleconference programs for the physi.

cian learner puts unique demands on the te)econkrencing medium Typically, physicians expect a1how lecture presentation viith high informationdensity. To effectively present the medical contentmatenal in an audio medium, strategies which struc-ture and orgarue the content material are necessary When high information density programs areteleortferenced. modification.s in the format of atypical eduationsJ irleconference are necessary. Aformat v hich previews. presents. arid reviews thecontent rnalertal hat proved effecve in such Pro.grams on the South Dakota Medical informationEi:hange (SDMIX teleonferenctng net ork.This format structures the presentation. making thenrgar.tia:ior of the content apparent to the physi-;.a 1e5ne \:.,a te:hn:ues i;e en'pioyed in thit- rcr:e?r tc rc:n.'. e the stru:tre andfc. ..:.ate ::cr. 0 thI re'en-t;on content The,cr c' :tle s:de a side of the pre.srr.ten. rc'rer r .:nc. trtrri. 'isual outlines. ftc'

er.t cha-,ge tr the iruc' c,emnrr.ts surr.rnar) ortansitlor. '.isuah. colon cothng of nsua' and printnatenals. and hmorouc is..: hse beer foundefTrcti'e as means of presenting educ&ttonal tele.conference pogrIms for ph) sicians (Au'thor LMMI

ED 224 470 IR 010 522Andcrson. Courinr;- I4 And Other,

Jnter-Instlrutlurial Cooperatioo for Effecthe Tile.conferenclng.

Pub DateMar 82Ncne-9p.; Paper presented as the Issues in Higher

Education Conference (Atlanta, GA, March3982). For related documents, see ED 223 214and JR 0)0 321.523.

Pub Type Reports . Descnptire (141) Spec.cneslMeeting Papers (ISO)

EDRS Price . MPu1,pa)g Pies Postage.DescrlptorlDdlivery Systeini, 'Health Educa-

tion, Information Networks, '1natitutioa.l Coop-eraon. 'Marketing, Professional ContinuingEducatiot, ''ogram Development, Program in.p)emcotatlon. 'Shared Servicts, Telecommunigi.tons, 'Teleconfe,enng

1dentlhlersDtsta Teaching. South Dakota,User NesdaThe South Dakota Medical Information Ea.

chge (SDMIX) is a statewide telephone teIeco.ferc;nesng network which was established to providecontinuing health edu r, programs to a wanes)'of istitutios and fesues in South Dakota. Theproject's success is predicated on the establishmentand maintenance of inter.instjtutjonaj coordinationand cooperation. An Institution needs to first gaininternal cooperation, establish internal goals for theproject, and decide upon control issues. Then, inter.as] marketing can be developed and institutedwithin the parent institution. Once this has been.accomplished, inter.instltutloal cooperation forthe implementation of a teleconferencing networkcan begin. Such cooperation ihould be predicatedupon esr.abishLng common goals, identiing thosewho can make dccisios to implamet the network,and effective marketing. By establishing the effec-tive inter.institutional coordination arid cooperi.ton, the SDMIX project has been able to delivercontinuing iducation programs relevant to theneeds of the state's health care providesi. (Au.thor/LMM)

ED 224 471 JR 010 523Chute. Alan C. Banrock, Rurson WTraining and Evaluation Strategies for Telecon

ferencing.Pub Date.-4 May 12NoteI 5p. Paper presented at the Annual Confer.

once of the Association for Educational Com-munications arid Technology (Dallas, TX, May 4,1982). For related documents., see ED 223 214arid JR 010 521-522.

Pub Type Reports. Descriptive (141) Spec.ches/Meeting Papers (150)

EDRS Price MPO1,Pafl PIns PoetageDescriptorsAdoption (Ideas), Change Strategies,

'Educational Innovation, 'Pacu]t Development.Medical Education, Professional Conrniing Edu-cation. 'Program Development, ProgramEvaluation, 'Teleconf'encing. 'Training Meth'ods, Workshops

ldentiflers.Change Model (Havelock), ConcernsEased Adoption Model, South DakotaThe faculty training suateg designed by the

South Dakota Medical information Exchange(SDMIX) staff implements principles of innovationand concern theory to facilitate the adoption of ide-conferencing as an instructional medium. The goalof the workshop described is Ic' provide facult) withthe skills and experiences necessary for deselopingeffective teleconferences The rsr phase of theworkshop provides participant.' with informationpertaining to the effective design of a teleconferencepresentation and lead-s to the dreloprneni of a 15.minute teleconference program The second phase.which occurs 3 eeks later, is dedicated ic the pee-sent.ation and critique of the pre%iousl).de% elopedteleconference programs from the first phase of theworkshop. Results of previous orLshop es-alus.tions indicate that providing the participants withthese workshop experiences reduced tb" c'oncernsof faculs) regarding tele:cnfeter.cg Tt.e £DMIXstrategy for esa!uattng the e1e:"enecc of te)ecc'r..(erencing in- o' cc cc:t;c'r. of .ii fc use . cc:.ston'n-iaking conceriing the cor.t.lnuanremothficaticr.. c e ..na.ior. of Ieie:cnferencing ac

in Sc-'jth Dakota This p1-er in:Iudes 1 ref.erences (Autnon LMM)

79

ED 227 322 CE 035 395Letan. Constance

Learning Projects arid S,tlt-Plasus.d Learning Ef-forts among Uedcreduested Adults In Rum]Vermont. N1E Adult Learning Project, FinalReport.

Vermont Univ Burlington. Coil, of Edupation &Social Services.

Sports AgencyNations) Inst. of Education (ED),Washington, DC.

Pub Datelu] 11Grant NIE.G-79.0146Note-357p.; Pans of the appendices may not re

produce well due so light type.Pub Type keports . Res,.iarch (143)EDRS Prici MFV1/PCI5 Plus Postage.Descnptom'Adult Basic Education. Adult Edu-

cation, 'Adult Learning Adult. Pro'grams, CaseStudies, Educational Practices, 'IndependentStudy, 'Learning Processes, Possseeondary Edu-cation, Program Debclopment, Prgran Effec-tiveness, Questionnaires, Rural Areas, 'StatePrograms, State Surveys

Identifiers' VermontAn Il-month study examined the way adults

learn in rural settings, particular))' those adults overthe age of 25 who have not completed a high schooleducation or its equivalency. The study was organ..ized into three major phases. The first phase consist-ed of a survey interview of 93 adults living ins ruralcounty In Vermont. The second phase involved in-depth case studies with a sub.uniple of 14 subjectsfrom the first phase. The thad phase entailed a corn-prehensive analysis of the,data arid dissemination ofthe results. Data indicated that 98 percent of thosesurveyed reported at least one major learning effort.The majority of learning efforts a-crc setf'plaanrdand involved the self and/or a 'nixture of resourcesin the learning proces. Most learning projects sirenon.credit. Among the most frequent obstaclet tolearning were time constraints, basic skills, and ac.eess to good information. Finally, those interviewedwere t comfortable learning at home or in theircommunities Recommendations called for deve-loping more ways to determine what adult learnersactually want is sell ni for reassessing the rights ofself-directed, learners and curriculum and deliverysystem issues for long-distance learners. (M1)

ED227745 HEO1S9$3Gough. 1. £ Coisman. a.Counsillirig The Distance Sluderit Fact or Pieties..

Occasional Paper, Namber 2, Winter 1979. :Deakin Univ., Goelong (Australia). Centre for Edu..

catioui Services.Pub Daie-79 .

Note..I2p.Journal CitOpen Campus; n2 n 1979.Pub Type Reports.. Deacilptive (141) Collect-

ed Works - Serials (022)EDRS Price - IUiV1JP(1 Plus Postage..

Descnptors',Academic Advising. 'Adult Stu-dents, College Students, Comparative Education,'Extension Education, Foreign Countries, HigherEducation, Nontraditional Students, 'SchoolOrientation, Student Adjustment, Student Needs,Student Personnel Services

ldentiliers.'Australia, 'Disti.ncc EducationThe distance teaching counseling g rograrn for ma-

nile students at Dcakin i,Jniversity, Australia, is dis-cussed, along with the extent to abich adequatecounseling Li provided for the distance student inAustralia and other counales. Complenon of admis-alon and enrollment procedures fox new off.cgmpaastudents berween June and December in the yearprior to their atarnng the course helps prepare Pea-kin Uiiiversity.dista.nce students. The first teachingmaterial is acm 3-6 weeks before the on-campuscounterpart of the class begins, and a costn.Qlingpackage provides the following materials: ixion,'tation on potenth) problems, available resources, aielf.asccs;ment exercise to review rna.'ons (or no)-lege study at Deaken Universit), and advice onstudy techniques Students can also request infor-mation cc the nature and content of unhti beingoffered in addition, a Saturday workshop helps stu-dents explore in more detail some of the Issuesraised in the coun.sehng packa;e as wet! as otherstudent cnnccrts Nerds Isseisrerent s.ggests thefolk'vtn conclusions a single aesion oris not aullicient to dea effecL'eJ) aift tudeineeds, returning or continuing in c.iiege is moredifficult for 'OtT1CL and high.ruk students need tobe identified and receive apecthJ programing (SVsi

f'';'' ''':'''-,t,', ,; .

ED 227 746 HE 015 98411:ing fireside And OthersSupport Systems Is Distance Education. Measles-

al Paper, Number 3, December 1980.Deakin Univ., Geelong (Ansi:ells) Centre for Edo-

cation.) Services. .Pub DateDec 82Note lip.Journal CaOpen Campus; n3 Dec 1980Pub Type Information Analyses (070) Collect.

eel W'orks Serials (022)EDRS Price MFUI/PC01 Plus Pump.DescriptorsAcademic Advising, Ancillary

School Services, Comparative Education, Educa-tional Technology, -*Extension Education,'Faculty Advisers, Foreign Countries, HigherEducation, Mentors, Nontraditional Students,Open Universities, Performance Contracts, 'Re-source Centers, Satellite Facilities, Student Col-lege Relationship

Id e ntifiers*Distuice Education, Open University(Great Britain), Tutorial ModeSeveral approaches being used to support students

in distance education programs in the United King-dom, the United States, and other granaries are de-scribed. Britain's Open University support servicesare offered through tutor-counselors in about 260local study centres throughout the United Kingdom.Students are assigned to specialist tutors who dealwith the academic content of the course and MIAtheir assignments. In addition, self-help or study

gaups are sources of support in distance educationIn the Open University system. In the United States,the mentor system anti contract learning illustrateconcern to develop appropriate support for ant.dens. Assigned to 25-30 students, the mentor bal-l:hilly helps each student develop an individual studypro pam and is than involved in all aspects of thestudent a progress, with weekly or biweekly consul-tations. Ice Univemay Without Walls institutions inthe United States, a teacher-advisor helps studentsdevelop a learning contract that serves as a basis forevaluating each student'e performance. Varioustypes of educational technologies are also a sourceof support in distance education. (SW)

ED 227 747 HE 015 985Gouh. J. ECommunication Satellites: The Australian Debate.

Occasional PapercNumber 1, May 1540.Deakin Univ., Geelong (Australia). Centre for Edu-

cational Services...Pub DateMay 10 -.....Note-45p.Journal CitOpen Campus; n1 May 1980Pub Type -- Report: Descriptive (341) Collect-

ed Works Serials (022)EDRS Pelee MTIll/PC01 Pins Portage.DescriptorsCommunications Satellites, Con-

tinning Education, Delivery Systems, Education-al Technology, Extension Education, ForeignCountries, Higher Education, *Public Policy

IdentifiersAustralia, Disuince EducationDevelopments concerning communication sate).

lass and the Australian debate are outlined for thedistance educator without a technological back-ground. Social, economic, technical, an .1 policy is-sues associated with the implementation of anAustralian national communication satellite systemwere assessed in 1977 by a task force whose recom-mendations are included. An overview of theproposal and reactions of regional television sta-tions, the public, and special groups are includedfrom the text of a 1978 published report Definitionsof telecommunications terms and a summary oftechnical developments in other countries are alsopresented. Results of a survey revealed interest bythe educational community to a network for con-nnuing education. When economical servicebecomes available, a network maybe developed thatprovides one-way television and two-% ay data toeach classroom. therefore combining the features ofprerecorded lectures, live interaction, andcomput-cmanaped instruction Other applications Of thesystem include communication links between edu-cational institutions originating educations) televi-sion and radio programs and between educationalinstitutions and educational centres for distanceeducauon purposes. (SW)

0

ED 227 748 HE 035 986Gough. J. E Monday. P ILStudent Workloads: Az Entree to the literature.

Occasional Paget, Number 3, Spring 1979.Deakin Univ., Geelong (Australia). Centre for Edu-

cational Services.Pub Date-79Note-26p.Journal CuOpen Campus; n3 Spr 1979Pub Type Information Analyses (070) Collect-

ed Works Serials (022)MRS Price MFOI/P032 Plus Postage.Descriptors College Students, Courses, Cred

its,.°Forcip Countries, Higher Education, !estitutiond Research, Student Attitudes, StudentProblems

IdeotifiersAustralia, Course Load, New Zee.landRecent Australian and New Zealand studies on

college student workload are reviewed. Most of thestudies have viewed workload questions in thebroader contra* of arrangements for teaching, learn-ing, and assessment. A Monub University, Aus-tralis, study assessed the total amount of work doneby students, the distribution of study time betweenstructured and unstructured work, and students'opinion about the amount and distribution of work.Additional Australian studies include a Universityof Queensland study that evaluated-the relationshipbetween student load in a subject and the creditpoint value of the subject. A Canterbury University,New Zealand, study calculated the mean hours ofwork completed by students and identified coursescontibsiting to workload problems, while a WaiteUniversity, New Zealand, survey established thenape of 14,4611C1113t we/Monts operating for in-dividual university students. Additionally, the mident associations at the University of Otago and theUniversity of Victoria, New Zealand, surveyed stu-dents concerning workload problems and the use ofin-terra assessment Other studies are reviewed, andfindings are listed that indicate wide variations inworkload. Workload study questions and additionalissues pertaining to workload are also identified.(SW)

ED 227 801 HE 016 061Markowitz, Hama h.Independent Study in 1482: National University

Continuing 7,ducatioa Association IndependentStudy Programs. Final Report.

Pub DateJan 83Note -41p.Available fromUniversity of Florida, Division of

Continuing Education, Department of Independ-ent Study by Correspondence, 1938 West Univer-sity Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32603.

Pub Tyre - Reports Research (143)EDRS Pries MF0I/P032 Plus Postage.Destriptors--College Faculty, College Programs,

Continuing Education, Correspondence Study,Enrollment Trends, Fees, Higher Education,Independent Study, Lifelong Learning. Non-credit Courses, Nontraditional Education, Pro-

Ed;ram Costs, $chool Surveys, Secondaryucation, Teacher Salaries, Unit Costa

Policy and the status of institutions offering in-dependent study by correspondence were studied,based on a 1982 survey of 72 American universities.Information is provided on enrollments, staff sizefees, services, and compensation to faculty for grad-ing and course development for college, high school,and noncredit programs. Findings include the fol-lowing: in 1981.1982 there were 240,488 new en-rollments for the 72 institutions, with a meanenrollment of 3,340; 48 percent of the institutionshad fewer students compared to 1980-1981; enroll-ment losses occurred predominantly at small insti-tutions (with 2,500 students or less); the averageinstitution had a staff of 2.4 professional persons;services included sending students study materialsand class charges: mean charges in 1981.1982 were$31.94 per semester hour or $24.48 per quarterhour, for 1982.83 fees increased about 9.5 percent;53 percent of the institutions raised their course feesand none reduced fees, the average rate of pay pergradid college lesson in 1981.1912 was 32 45 andto 1987-83, S2 GO. and the average rate per devel-oped course was about 35'0 in 1981.1982 com-pared to $607 in 1982.1983 Additional statisticaltables and information for specific colleges are In-cluded (SW)

ED 230 pu EC 152 575Johnson. Agadir; Kay Amundsen. CherylLearning the lieu Way: Giving and Taking IflitTlie

0012 b) Talecommunicadom.Pub\DateA_pr 83Notct 19p.; Paper presented at the Annual Interns-

tional Convention of The Council for ExceptionalChildren (61st, Detroit, Ml, April 4.8, 1983).

Pub Type Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) Re-portsports scriptive (141)

\ EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.Descriptors inabilities, Higher Education, Inset.

vice Teacher Education, Models, Needs Assess-ment, Rural Areas, Special Education, SpecialEducation Teachers, Teacher Education Pro.grams, Telecommunications

IdentifiersAlaska, Distance EducationA graduate special education teacher training pro-

gram delivered via telecommunication instructionhelped meet training needs in rural Alaska. Teach-ers in four areas were identified and their needsascertained. The project promoted a flexible classdesign yet incorporated 7 of 10 courses required forspecial education certification. The distance deliv-ery model incorporated interaction with faculty,audioconfereneing. and taped classes followed bycollect phone calls to the coordinator. Student grad-ing and test materials were identical to on campusstudent work. Seven teachers successfully complet-ed requirements for certification. with additionalcoursework taken by 24 others. (CL)

ED 230 097 HE 016 158Smith. W. A. S. Snowden. B. L.A Review of Distance Education In Ontario Uni-

versities.Council of Ontario Universities, Toronto.Report No.ISBN-048799-168-8Pub DateApr 83Note-151p.Available fromThe Council of Ontario Universi-

ties. 130 St. George Street, Suite 8039, Toronto,MSS 214. Canada.

Pub Type Reports Evaluative (142)EDRS Price MF01/PC07 Plus POMP.DescriptorsAccess to Education. College Plan-

ning. Cooperative Programs, Coordination, Edu-cational Cooperstion, Educational Television.Enrollment Trends. Extension Education, 'Ex-ternal Degree Programs. Foreign Countnes.Higher Education

IdentifiersDistance Education. 'Ontario.TVOntarioOntario Universities' current and planned in-

volvement with distance delivery of university leveleducational opportunities was mimed Additionalconsiderations were the feasibility or a cooperativeapproach to distance education. the organizationalapproach to expanding cooperation among the uni-versities and between the universities and TVOn-tario. and the desirability of developing additicinalopportunities for adult part-time stuoents. Findingsinclude the following about 16.000 Ontarians arebeing served through university credit programs of-fa-,ed through distance education techniques:25.000 to 30,000 additional Ontanans are likely tobe attracted to distance education opportunities,Laurentian University. the University of Waterloo.and Wilfrid Laurier University now have significantprograms of distance study, and TVOntario is prosiding significant gervices through distance tectuiolo-gies in cooperation with postsecondary. education.

A coordinated approach to pros iding education is recommended. including a consortia ofuniversities and working groups of university andagency representatives. 'Appended materials in-clude an extensive bibliography and a Ts'Ontarioprogress report entitled. "Toward an InteruniversityService to Provide Media Supported Distance Edu-cation in Ontario" (ignacy yl'aniewicz). (SW)

-,17orau4

6

ED 230 359 RC 014 097Wagoner, GordonExpanding the Small High School Curriculum

Through Correspondence and Expanding Voce- .tiona1 Education Through Correspondence. ACombined Report on Dual Projects Begun June1977 and Continuing to Date. Refisid.

Liberty School District, Spangle, Wash.Pub DateMar $3Note-27p.Pub Type Reports Descriptive (141)EDRS Price MF01/PCO2 Plus PDescriptorsAccess to Educatiorlitrrespond-

ence Study, Cost Effectiveness, Course Content.Course Evaluation, Educational Facilities, Feder-al Aid, Individualized Instruction, Nontniclitional Education, Program Descriptions, ProgramDevelopment, Program Effectiveness, Rural Edu-cation, Secondary Education, 'Secondary SchoolCurriculum, 'Small Schools, Special Education,Student Attitudes, Vocational Education

Id en tifi ers--WuhingtOD (Spangle)For the put 6 years Liberty High School (387

students, located is rural Washington state) hasbeen expanding both its vocational and general edit-cation programs through correspondence study. AI-though federal grant monies allowed initiation ofthe program in 1977, the school district subsequent.ly assumed financial responsibility: Student insponse showed a far greater diversity of interestthan anything previously anticipated. Problemswere encountered with the quality of the courses,the classroom setting in which the courses were tobe studied, students' lack of interest in a course aftera short time, and teacher assistance with corre-spondence course study. A special correspondenceteacher /manager concept .A.as inaugurated andfound to be quite workable. A teacher/managercould handle some study hall students at the sametime, but this did not work in reverse. Completionof the course on time has recently been made acondition for free courses (students are under con-tract to pay back the school district if they fail tofinish on tittle). Because various classroom settingshave not been satisfactory, a special correspond.eme /independent studies laboratory has been de-signed but has not yet been constructed. The latestexperiment is with the work study program, where-by each student is given a job-related correspond-ence course (BRR1

WE74',INFWWWWWIL-_:74'-3`111inallatiejeasplas.

DIALOG Filet: ERIC - 66-82/Aug (Item 11 of 82) User 8645 3sep82

EJ243472 CE510901The Mentor Role in Indivldualized,Education at Empire State

College.Coughlan, ReedDistance Education, vi nt pi-12 Mar 1980Language: EnglishDocument Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE (080); PROJECT DESCRIPTION

(141): EVALUATIVE REPORT (.142)This paper discusses the role of mentors. in individualized

learning at Empire State College. This individualized learningprogram and the components of the role of mentor are definedand illustrated. (Available: School of External Studies. RoyalMelbourne Institute of Technology, 167 Franklin Street.Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.) (CT)

Descriptors: Educational Philosophy: Faculty Evaluation:Higher Education: IndividualiZed IrlatruCtion: Mentors:*Nontraditional FriucntiOn: Performance Contracts; StuJentTeacher Relationship

Identifiers: Distance Eduna -On; Professional Role; StateUniversity of New York Empire State College

r.

81

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