Chapter 15THE CIVIL WAR

Section 2

THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN

“You are green, it is true, but they are green also; you are all green alike.” President Abraham Lincoln

First Battle of Bull Run

•The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, took place on July 21, 1861.

•First battle of the Civil War. •General McDowell lead the

Northern Troops •General Beauregard lead the

Southern Troops.

The Washingtonians were so sure the battle would be short, that they packed a picnic lunch to eat on the nearby hilltop.

This poster Illustrates such a picnic, as well as, the flags of the North and South.

First Battle of Bull Run• July 21st 1861 Lincoln

sent McDowell and 35,000 barely trained troops south to the Confederate capital of Richmond

• 22,000 troops under the command of Beauregard were waiting for McDowell along a creek called Bull Run

First Battle of Bull Run• For two days, Union troops tried to find a

way around Beauregard to get to Richmond

• Beauregard called for assistance and Gen. Johnston arrived with 10,000 more troops

• They met the morning of July 21 and Union forces drove back the Confederate line

• One Confederate line held firm

“There stands Jackson like a stone wall! Rally behind the

Virginians!”

First Battle of Bull Run• Confederate troops began to rally and

push Union troops back• After 10 hours of fighting, weary Union

troops gave up and retreated towards Washington, D.C.

• The roads were flooded with the carriages of picnickers and the Union army descended into chaos

Results of the BattleResults of the BattleThomas Jackson earned the nickname Thomas Jackson earned the nickname “Stonewall”.“Stonewall”.Union suffered 3,000 casualtiesUnion suffered 3,000 casualtiesConfederates suffered 2,000 casualtiesConfederates suffered 2,000 casualtiesLincoln replaced McDowell with George Lincoln replaced McDowell with George B. McClellan.B. McClellan.Shattered the North’s hopes of winning Shattered the North’s hopes of winning the war quickly.the war quickly.

Chapter 15THE CIVIL WAR

Section 2

SEVEN DAYS’ BATTLES

SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN

ANTIETAM

*George McClellan*George McClellan – – appointed commander of the appointed commander of the Union army of the East Union army of the East (a.k.a. the Army of the (a.k.a. the Army of the Potomac).Potomac). Transformed Transformed inexperienced troops into inexperienced troops into soldiers; however, he was soldiers; however, he was too cautious. He became a too cautious. He became a national joke when national joke when newspapers repeatedly newspapers repeatedly reported, “all quiet along the reported, “all quiet along the Potomac.”Potomac.”

War in the East: 1861-1862

Seven Days’ Battles

• McClellan leads the Army of the Potomac south to attack Richmond

• On June 26, 1862 Lee attacks McClellan and over seven days forces the Union army to retreat from near Richmond

Second Battle of Bull Run• Frustrated, Lincoln

orders Gen. Pope to attack Richmond

• “Stonewall” Jackson met Pope’s army August of 1862 for the three day long Second Battle of Bull Run

• The Confederates win again

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

23,00023,000 casualtiescasualties

23,00023,000 casualtiescasualties

September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862

AfterAfter—Confederate —Confederate dead on the dead on the Hagerstown RoadHagerstown Road

Battle of Antietam – one of two Civil War battles fought in the North (at Antietam, Maryland). Confederate’s goal is to convince Maryland to join the Confederacy. Union soldiers find a copy of Lee’s battle plan to attack Harper’s Ferry and McClellan plans a counterattack.

Antietam CreekAntietam Creek......

Battle of Antietam - The two armies clash along Antietam Creek on September 17, 1862. By end of day over 23,000 casualties. Lee lost 1/4 of his army.

AfterAfter—Confederate dead —Confederate dead on the Hagerstown Roadon the Hagerstown Road

DuringDuring the battle... the battle...

Battle of Antietam - More soldiers were killed and wounded at the Battle of Antietam than the deaths of ALL Americans in the Am. Rev., War of 1812, and Mexican-American War COMBINED.

AfterAfter - dead near Little - dead near Little Dunker ChurchDunker Church

AfterAfter- dead in Antietam - dead in Antietam CreekCreek

Results –

• 12,410 Union deaths

• 10,700 Confederates deaths

• After many attempts to make McClellan move, Lincoln fires McClellan

• Lee did not achieve goals of bringing Maryland into the Confederacy or invading the North successfully

• Lincoln views Antietam as a win and starts to prepare his Emancipation Proclamation--> free all slaves in Confederacy

LincolnLincoln fires McClellan... fires McClellan...

Chapter 15THE CIVIL WAR

Section 2

UNION BLOCKADE

MONITOR VS. VIRGINIA

North’sNorth’sCivil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnacondaAnaconda””

Plan -->Plan -->

North’sNorth’sCivil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnacondaAnaconda””

Plan -->Plan -->The North’s plan to cut off supplies to the South through naval blockades.

The “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” Plan

Snake around the South’s coast

Squeeze the South’s economy

Confederate Blockade Runners• Confederates

used small, fast ships to outrun Union Warships. Most traveled to Bahamas for supplies.

• Before blockade: 6,000 ships per yr. at port

• After blockade: 800 ships per yr. at portIs the Anaconda Plan working so far?

**MerrimackMerrimack – – abandoned abandoned Union ship Union ship that that ConfederateConfederates covered s covered with iron with iron plates and plates and re-re-commissionecommissioned as d as CSS CSS VirginiaVirginia..

Monitor – one of the Union’s metal ships that outmaneuvered the CSS Virginia (Union Merrimack).

Gun Gun TurreTurre

tt

The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,

March, 1862March, 1862

The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,

March, 1862March, 1862The Monitor

vs.the Virginia

The Monitor vs.

the Virginia

Monitor vs. Virginia• March 1862- The Virginia was

sinking Union wooden warships in Hampton Roads, Virginia

• Monitor met the Virginia in Hampton Roads

• Fought for several hours, neither received serious damage, but the Virginia retreated

• The days of wooden warships were over!!!

Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor

Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor