Chapter 15THE CIVIL WARSection 2THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN

You are green, it is true, but they are green also; you are all green alike. President Abraham Lincoln

First Battle of Bull RunThe First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, took place on July 21, 1861. First battle of the Civil War. General McDowell lead the Northern Troops General Beauregard lead the Southern Troops.

The Washingtonians were so sure the battle would be short, that they packed a picnic lunch to eat on the nearby hilltop.

This poster Illustrates such a picnic, as well as, the flags of the North and South.

First Battle of Bull RunJuly 21st 1861 Lincoln sent McDowell and 35,000 barely trained troops south to the Confederate capital of Richmond22,000 troops under the command of Beauregard were waiting for McDowell along a creek called Bull Run

First Battle of Bull RunFor two days, Union troops tried to find a way around Beauregard to get to RichmondBeauregard called for assistance and Gen. Johnston arrived with 10,000 more troopsThey met the morning of July 21 and Union forces drove back the Confederate lineOne Confederate line held firm

There stands Jackson like a stone wall! Rally behind the Virginians!

First Battle of Bull RunConfederate troops began to rally and push Union troops backAfter 10 hours of fighting, weary Union troops gave up and retreated towards Washington, D.C.The roads were flooded with the carriages of picnickers and the Union army descended into chaos

Results of the BattleThomas Jackson earned the nickname Stonewall.Union suffered 3,000 casualtiesConfederates suffered 2,000 casualtiesLincoln replaced McDowell with George B. McClellan.Shattered the Norths hopes of winning the war quickly.

Chapter 15THE CIVIL WARSection 2SEVEN DAYS BATTLESSECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUNANTIETAM

*George McClellan appointed commander of the Union army of the East (a.k.a. the Army of the Potomac). Transformed inexperienced troops into soldiers; however, he was too cautious. He became a national joke when newspapers repeatedly reported, all quiet along the Potomac.

War in the East: 1861-1862

Seven Days BattlesMcClellan leads the Army of the Potomac south to attack RichmondOn June 26, 1862 Lee attacks McClellan and over seven days forces the Union army to retreat from near Richmond

Second Battle of Bull RunFrustrated, Lincoln orders Gen. Pope to attack RichmondStonewall Jackson met Popes army August of 1862 for the three day long Second Battle of Bull RunThe Confederates win again

Battle of Antietam Bloodiest Single Day of the War23,000 casualtiesSeptember 17, 1862AfterConfederate dead on the Hagerstown Road

Battle of Antietam one of two Civil War battles fought in the North (at Antietam, Maryland). Confederates goal is to convince Maryland to join the Confederacy. Union soldiers find a copy of Lees battle plan to attack Harpers Ferry and McClellan plans a counterattack. Antietam Creek...

Battle of Antietam - The two armies clash along Antietam Creek on September 17, 1862. By end of day over 23,000 casualties. Lee lost 1/4 of his army. AfterConfederate dead on the Hagerstown RoadDuring the battle...

Battle of Antietam - More soldiers were killed and wounded at the Battle of Antietam than the deaths of ALL Americans in the Am. Rev., War of 1812, and Mexican-American War COMBINED. After - dead near Little Dunker ChurchAfter- dead in Antietam Creek

Results 12,410 Union deaths 10,700 Confederates deaths After many attempts to make McClellan move, Lincoln fires McClellan Lee did not achieve goals of bringing Maryland into the Confederacy or invading the North successfullyLincoln views Antietam as a win and starts to prepare his Emancipation Proclamation--> free all slaves in Confederacy Lincoln fires McClellan...

Chapter 15THE CIVIL WARSection 2UNION BLOCKADEMONITOR VS. VIRGINIA

Norths Civil War Strategy:Anaconda Plan -->The Norths plan to cut off supplies to the South through naval blockades.

The Anaconda PlanSnake around the Souths coastSqueeze the Souths economy

Confederate Blockade RunnersConfederates used small, fast ships to outrun Union Warships. Most traveled to Bahamas for supplies.Before blockade: 6,000 ships per yr. at portAfter blockade: 800 ships per yr. at portIs the Anaconda Plan working so far?

*Merrimack abandoned Union ship that Confederates covered with iron plates and re-commissioned as CSS Virginia.

Monitor one of the Unions metal ships that outmaneuvered the CSS Virginia (Union Merrimack). Gun Turret

The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862The Monitor vs. the Virginia

Monitor vs. VirginiaMarch 1862- The Virginia was sinking Union wooden warships in Hampton Roads, Virginia Monitor met the Virginia in Hampton RoadsFought for several hours, neither received serious damage, but the Virginia retreatedThe days of wooden warships were over!!!

Damage on the Deck of the Monitor