CLASSIFYING LIVING THINGS
• Aristotle was the first to classify organisms. • He classified animals and plants
DETERMINING KINGDOMS
• Carolous Linnaeus – (1700s) classified organisms, based on similar structures, into kingdoms. • Robert H. Whittaker – 1969 - created a 5
kingdom system • The 5 kingdoms: • Monera • Protista • Plantae • Fungi • Animalia
DETERMINING DOMAINS
• Systematics – uses all evidence known to classify organisms • The evidence includes: • Cell type • Habitat • How it obtains food & energy • Structures and functions • Common ancestry • Molecular analysis
• All organisms are classified into 3 domains: • Bacteria • Archaea • Eukarya • Protists, fungi, plantae, animalia
SCIENTIFIC NAMES
• Binomial Nomenclature: naming system that gives each organism a two-word scientific name of a species.
• Species – a group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring
• Genus – a group of similar species. 1st word is the genus name and the 2nd word describes appearance or behavior.
CLASSIFICATION TOOLS
• Dichotomous key – a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that lead the user to the identification of an unknown organism.
• Cladogram – a a branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms, including common ancestors • Each branch shows a new characteristic