From Bacteria to PlantsFrom Bacteria to PlantsChapter 1.2/1.3Chapter 1.2/1.3

Classifying OrganismsClassifying Organisms

Do You Classify Objects?Do You Classify Objects?

How would you classify the items in this classroom?

Why would it be important to classify things?

Why Do Scientists Why Do Scientists Classify?Classify?

Classification: ◦grouping things based on their similarities.

◦organize living things so organisms are easier to study

Taxonomy: ◦The study of how living things are classified.

Using the Classification Using the Classification SystemSystem

Taxonomic Key ◦Series of paired statements ◦Describe the physical characteristics of different organisms

Carolus Linnaeus ◦placed organisms into groups based on observable features

◦Named organisms with binomial nomenclature - a 2 part name

1st word: Genussimilar organismsEx: Types of Cats

2nd word: Speciessmaller groups

Ex: Lions, Pumas, Housecats

GenusGenus SpeciesSpecies

Example Example: : Felis Felis domesticusdomesticus

Types of CatsHouse Cat

The 8 Levels of The 8 Levels of ClassificationClassificationAristotle and Linnaeus invented

today’s classification system in this order:◦Domain (Broadest)◦Kingdom◦Phylum ◦Class ◦Order ◦Family ◦Genus ◦Species (Narrowest)

Charles Darwin’s Hypothesis:Charles Darwin’s Hypothesis:over time a species gradually changes-over time a species gradually changes-known as known as evolutionevolution

Studied Finches 1. Finches flew from South America to the Galapagos islands

1. Adapted to the new environment

2. Reproduced

3. New generation changed slightly to survive in that environment

Ex: different beaks

5. Finches changed to create new species

3 Domains of Life3 Domains of LifeOrganisms are placed in domains and

kingdoms based on:1.Cell type 2.Ability to make food3.Number of cells in their body

Bacteria-Prokaryotes-No nucleus-Harmful-strep-Helpful-yogurt

Bacteria-Prokaryotes-No nucleus-Harmful-strep-Helpful-yogurt

Archaea--Prokaryotes-No nucleus-Different chemistry

Archaea--Prokaryotes-No nucleus-Different chemistry

Eukarya--Eukaryotes-Have nucleus-Protists-Fungi-Plants-Animals

Eukarya--Eukaryotes-Have nucleus-Protists-Fungi-Plants-Animals