Internet Governance Forum – IGF

A2K@IGF Dynamic Coalition

Impact of technological restrictions to enforce copyright and "Digital

Rights Management" systems on access to knowledge

Pedro Paranaguá

FGV DIREITO RIO

pedro.paranagua@fgv.br

Rio de Janeiro, 14 November 2007

what I will talk about ?

T P M

we could be in real rio . . .

piano player

1898: piano player

editors: went to the US Congress

prohibit the piano playerprohibit the piano player

what did the US Congress do ? ? ?

piano player

denied the request

however: US$ 0.02 per piano player roll

levylevy

consequence: much more $, more creators, more music, more public

Sony Betamax

1984: US Supreme Court

capable of non-infringing uses

time-shifting

result ? ? ?

Sony Betamax

Hollywood broadened its reach

earned $ with renting movies / VHS

DRM/TPM

DRM (digital rights management)

TPM (technological protection measure)

controls access and use of digital information

uses cryptography

Content-Scrambling System (CSS)

1996: type of TPM used on some DVDs

1. if you are a teenager

2. if you are a tech. researcher

3. if you know how to search on Google

if you are a teenager . . .

DeCSS

1999: decrypted CSS

if you are a researcher . . .

Dmitry Sklyarov

PhD: "eBook security — theory and practice"

Dmitry Sklyarov

read it on your laptop or in another PC other than the first one where you read it

read it on your PDA

print it to read on paper

read your eBook on GNU/Linux

lend to a friend

DVD region code

if you are not a specialist ...

only Microsoft Windows

WMA/DRM

song

song

song

WAV or MP3

http://megastore.uol.com.br

“Qual a diferença entre as músicas do Musig e as gratuitas

que estão na internet?

As músicas que você encontra gratuitamente na internet são

ilegaisilegais. Ao baixar uma música que não segue o padrão de

DRM você está colaborando com a pirataria. Já as músicas as músicas

do Musig seguem o DRM e por isso são legaisdo Musig seguem o DRM e por isso são legais protegendo os

direitos autorais dos artistas, gravadoras e editoras. A

qualidade das músicas também é muito superior às

encontradas gratuitamente na internet.”

musig 08 de fevereiro de 2007

Interoperability

Apple's iTunes hits a sour note in Europe (FT)

iTunes (Apple)

Norway

Germany

Holland

Finland

Francehttp://www.ft.com/cms/s/b6d322a2-af3d-11db-a446-0000779e2340.html

interoperability + DRM/TPM

“Thoughts on Music”

Steve Jobs

6 February 2007

http://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughtsonmusic/

“Big labels are f*cked, and DRM is dead”

Peter Jenner

(first Pink Floyd agent,

The Clash, Disposable Heroes etc.)

http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/11/03/peter_jenner/

is he right ? ? ?

“The CD as it is right now is dead”

Alain Levy

EMI´s former CEOOctober 2006

http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2006/10/27/tech-cddead-061027.html

then . . .

“Big labels are f*cked, and DRM is dead”

“Music is never going to be protected, and anybody

who tells you that is not being honest. Yes, you can

put up speed bumps, but the people who really want

to steal music are going to steal it. So you’re just

making it hard for people who want to do the right

thing to get the music they legitimately purchased

on the devices and services that they want.”

David Goldberg

Yahoo! Music

October 2006

http://www.publicknowledge.org/node/683

then . . .

“Big labels are f*cked, and DRM is dead”

just some (more) examples . . .

Access to Knowledge (A2K)

FGV School of Law Access to Knowledge

in Rio (A2K)

+

www.a2kbrasil.org.br

obrigado !

Pedro Paranaguá

pedro.paranagua@fgv.br