dune tdr deep underground neutrino experiment (dune) · detector and to deliver the common...

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE)

Technical Proposal

Chapter Breakout:far-detector-single-phase.texchapter-fdsp-coordination.tex

March 28, 2018

Contents

Contents i

List of Figures ii

List of Tables 1

1 Technical Coordination 21.1 Project Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.1.1 Project Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1.2 Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1.3 Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1.4 ES&H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.1.5 Integration and Systems Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.2.1 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.2.2 Surface Logistics & Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.2.3 Underground Detector Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Glossary 32

References 33

i

List of Figures

1.1 Organization of installation and Surface Logistics and Testing. The columns in thematrix represent the project phase and the rows the major divisions in scope. Workpackages define the deliverables for each phase according to the major division in scope. 14

1.2 Installation sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.3 End view of single phase detector with endwall field cage in place, along with one row

of anode plane assembly (APA) and cathode plane assembly (CPA). . . . . . . . . . . . 261.4 High level installation schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.5 3-D model of the Detector Support System showing the entire structure on the left along

with one row of APA and CPA/FC at each end. The right panel is a zoomed imageshowing the connections between the vertical supports and the horizontal I-beams. . . . 30

1.6 3-D models of the shuttle beam end of the DSS. The figures show how an APA istranslated into position using he North-South beams until it lines up with the correctrow of I-beams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

ii

LIST OF TABLES 0–1

List of Tables

1.1 Summary of installation costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.2 Leaders and respondents of each consortia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.3 Summary of each consortia’s needs at ITF.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17


DUNE Technical Proposal

Chapter 1: Technical Coordination 1–2

Chapter 1

Technical Coordination

Construction of the DUNE Detector requires careful technical coordination due to its complexity.The technology for massive noble liquid detectors has developed over the last 45 years and thefirst large LArTPC was completed in 2010. While multiple LArTPCs have operated worldwide,the technology is still relatively new and the scale up to DUNE presents challenges. However, thetechnology is well suited to massive neutrino detectors with millimeter scale resolution on 100mscale detectors and the technical challenges are surmountable.

[refer to images of DUNE-single-phase (SP) and DUNE-dual-phase (DP)?]

The DUNE collaboration consists of a large number of institutions distributed throughout theworld. They are supported by a large number of funding sources and collaborate with a largenumber of commercial partners. DUNE has empowered several consortia (currently nine) with theresponsibility to secure funding to design, fabricate, assemble, install, commission and operate thekey components of the DUNE far detector.

DUNE Technical Coordination, under the direction of the DUNE Technical Coordinator, hasthe responsibility to monitor the technical aspects of the detector construction, to integrate thedetector and to deliver the common projects. Groups of institutes within DUNE form consortiathat take complete responsibility for construction of their system.

Given the horizontal nature of the consortia structure and the extensive interdependencies betweenthe systems, a significant engineering organization is required to deliver DUNE on schedule andwithin specifications and funding constraints.

The DUNE Technical Coordinator reports to the DUNE Spokespersons and the FNAL Director.The responsibilities of Technical Coordination include:

• management and delivery of all common projects

• review of all aspects of the project




• configuration control of all interface drawings and envelopes

• development and tracking of project schedule and milestones

• project work, product and assembly breakdown schedules

• project risk register

• DUNE engineering and safety standards, including grounding & shielding

• monitoring of all consortia

• installation of detectors at the near and far sites

• logistics for detector integration and installation at the near and far sites

• quality assurance and all QA related studies and documents

• ES&H organization and all saftey related studies and documents

• recording and approving all project engineering information, including: documents, drawingsand models

• survey of the detector

• primary interface to LBNF for conventional facilities, cryostat and cryogenics

• primary interface to the Host Lab for infrastructure and operations support (LBNF?)

An organizational chart outlining the DUNE TC organization is shown in Figure ??. The TCorganization staffing will need to grow as the project advances. Eventually TC will provide staffingfor teams underground at SURF, at integration facilities and at the near site at FNAL.

DUNE TC interacts with LBNF though the LBNF/DUNE systems engineering organization. TCprovides the points of contact between the consortia and LBNF.

[Do we need to summarize all of the TC deliverables? perhaps here? or perhaps in Installation(where they all reside)? Jim has a high level, 5-line summary in 9.2.1.]

1.1 Project Support

The DUNE Project is coordinated by Technical Coordination (TC). The DUNE Project consistsof a far detector (FD) and a near detector (ND). The ND is at a pre-conceptual state; as theConceptual Design and organization emerges, it will become part of the DUNE Project. Currently




the DUNE Project consists of the DUNE FD consortia and Technical Coordination.

[high level schedule here?]

As defined in the DUNE Management Plan (DMP), the DUNE Technical Board (TB) is thetechnical decision making body for the collaboration. It consists of all consortia scientific andtechnical leads. It reports through the Executive Board (EB) to Collaboration Management. TheDUNE Technical Board is chaired by the Technical Coordinator.

[Need the Collaboration management and TC Org charts?]

TC will work with the LBNF/DUNE Systems Engineer to implement the LBNF/DUNE Con-figutation Management Plan to assure that all aspects of the overall LBNF/DUNE project are wellintegrated. TC will work with LBNF and the Host Lab to ensure that adequate infrastructure andoperations support are provided during construction, integration, installation, commissioning andoperation of the detectors.

[Need the LBNF/DUNE systems engineering Org chart]

Several major project support tasks need to be accomplished in advance of the TDR.

• One is to assure that each consortia has a well defined and complete scope, that the interfacesbetween the consortia are sufficiently well defined and that any remaining scope can becovered by TC through Common Fund.

• A second major project support task is to develop an overall project schedule that includesreasonable production schedules from each consortia, well developed QA and QC plans anda well developed installation schedule.

• A third major area is to ensure that appropriate engineering and safety standards are de-veloped and agreed to by all key stakeholders and that these standards are conveyed to andunderstood by each Consortium.

• A fourth major area is to ensure that all DUNE requirements on LBNF for conventionalfacilities, cryostat and cryogenics have been clearly defined and understood by each Consortia.

• A fifth major area is to ensure that all technical issues associated with scaling from Proto-DUNE have sufficient resources to converge on decisions that enable the detector to be fullyintegrated and installed.

• A sixth major area is to ensure that the integration and QC processes for each consortia arefully developed and reviewed and that the requiements on an Integration and Test Facilityare well defined.

The successful operation of ProtoDUNE will retire a great many potential risks to DUNE. Thisincludes most risks associated with the technical design, production processes, quality assurance,integration and installation. Residual risks remain relating to design and production modifications




associated with scaling to DUNE, mitigations to known installation and performance issues inProtoDUNE, underground installation at SURF and organizational growth.

[Enumerate remaining technical risks?.... or all risks?.... 600kV, HV in general, noise, dead chan-nels, 20 year operation, QC in general, ADC/coldata, photon light yield, purity, LAr surfacestbility, LEM gain, dual-phase LAr surface cleanliness, cathode/FC discharge to cryostat, incom-plete calibration plan, incomplete connection of design to physics; funding, production schedule,integration plan, testing, underground installation, ...]

Key risks for TC to manage include the following:

1. A key risk for TC is to ensure that sufficient scope is funded by the Consortia, such that thedeliverables from TC do not grow so large as to be unsupportable by Common Fund.

2. The second key risk is to ensure that key stakeholders to this first international mega-scienceproject hosted in the US, including TC, FNAL as Host Lab, SURF, DOE and all internationalpartners continue to successfully work together to ensure appropriate rules and services areprovided to enable success of the project.

3. The third key risk is to ensure that TC obtains sufficient personnel resources so as to beable to ensure that TC can oversee and coordinate all of its project tasks. While the US hasa special responsibility towards TC as host country, it is expected that personnel resourceswill be directed to TC from each collaborating country. Related to this risk is the fact thatconsortia deliverables are not really stand-alone subsystems; they are all parts of a singleTPC. This elevates the requirements on coordination between consortia.

1.1.1 Project Controls

Technical Coordination Project Controls (TCPC) maintains a web page (currently located at )with links to project documents. TC maintains repositories of project documents and drawings.These include the WBS, Schedule, risk register, requirements, milestones, strategy, detector modelsand drawings that define the DUNE detector.

[something about DocDB and edms?]

In order to ensure that the DUNE detector remains on schedule, TCPC will monitor schedule sta-tusing from each consortium, will organize reviews of schedules and risks as appropriate. TCPCwill maintain a master schedule that links all consortia schedules and contains appropriate mile-stones to monitor progress. The master schedule will go under change control after the TDR isapproved.

The consortia have provided preliminary versions of risk analyses that have been collected on theTCPC webpage. These will be developed into an overall risk register that will be monitored andmaintained by TCPC in coordination with the consortia.



https://web.fnal.gov/collaboration/DUNE/DUNE%20Project/_layouts/15/start.aspx#/


A schedule of key consortia activity in the period 2018–19 leading up to the TDR has beendeveloped.

A monthly report with input from all consortia will be published by TCPC. This will includeupdates on consortia technical progress and updates from TC.

Consortia have developed initial interface documents that will be put under change control andmanaged by the TC integration engineering team along with the consortia involved. These arecurrently in DocDB and will likely go under change control later in 2018, although they willcontinue to be developed through the TDR.

TCPC will maintain approved versions of QA, QC and testing plans, installation plans, engineeringand safety standards,...

A series of tiered milestones are being developed for the DUNE project. The Tier-0 milestones areheld by the Spokespersons and Host Lab director. Three have been defined and the current targetdates are:

1. Start main cavern excavation 2019

2. Start detector #1 installation 2022

3. Start operations of detector #1–2 with beam 2026

These dates will be revisited at the time of the TDR review. Tier-1 milestones will be held bythe Technical Coordinator and LBNF Project Manager and will be defined in advance of the TDRreview. Tier-2 milestones will be held by the Consortia.

1.1.2 Reviews

Technical Coordination is responsible to review all stages of detector development and works witheach consortium to arrange reviews of the design, production readiness, production progress andoperational readiness of their system. These reviews provide input for the TB to make technicaldecisions. Review reports are tracked by TC and provide guidance as to key issues that will requireengineering oversight by the TC integration engineering team. TCPC will maintain a calendar ofDUNE reviews.

1.1.3 Quality Assurance

The LBNF/DUNE Quality Assurance Plan outlines the QA requirements for all DUNE Con-sortia and describes how the requirements shall be met. The Consortia will be responsible forimplementing a quality plan that meet the requirements of the LBNF/DUNE Quality AssurancePlan. The Consortia implement the plan through the development of individual quality plans,




procedures, guides, QC inspection and test requirements and travelers/test reports. In lieu of aConsortia Specific Quality Plan, the Consortia may work under the LBNF/DUNE Quality Assur-ance Plan and develop Manufacturing/QC Plans, procedures and documentation specific to theirwork scope. The DUNE Technical Coordinator and Consortia Leaders are responsible for provid-ing the resources needed to conduct the Project successfully, including those required to manage,perform and verify work that affects quality. The DUNE Consortia Leaders are responsible foridentifying adequate resources to complete the work scope and to ensure that their team membersare adequately trained and qualified to perform their assigned work.

The Consortia work will be documented on travelers and applicable test or inspection reports.Records of the fabrication, inspection and testing will be maintained. When a component hasbeen identified as being in noncompliance to the design, the nonconforming condition shall bedocumented, evaluated and dispositioned as use-as-is (does not meet design but can meet func-tionality as is), rework (bring into compliance with design), repair (will be brought into meetingfunctionality but will not meet design) and scrap.

The LBNF/DUNE Quality Assurance Manager (QAM) reports to the LBNF Project Managerand DUNE Technical Coordinator and provides oversight and support to the Consortia Leadersto ensure a consistent quality program.

1. The QAM will plan reviews as independent assessments to assist the DUNE Technical Co-ordinator in identifying opportunities for quality/performance-based improvement and toensure compliance with specified requirements.

2. The QAM is responsible to work with the Consortia in developing their QA/QC Plans.

3. The QAM will review Consortia QA/QC activity, including production site visits.

4. The QAM will participate in Consortia Design Reviews, conduct Production Readiness Re-views prior to the start of production, conduct Production Progress Reviews on a regularbasis, and perform follow-up visits to Consortia facilities prior to shipment of components toensure all components and documentation are satisfactory.

5. The QAM is responsible for performing assessments at the Integration Facility, the Far Siteand the Near Site to ensure the activities performed at these locations are in accordance withthe LBNF/DUNE QA Program and applicable procedures, specifications and drawings.

1.1.4 ES&H

The DUNE Environmental, Safety and Health (ESH) program is described in the LBNF/DUNEIntegrated Environmental, Safety and Health Plan. This plan is maintained by the LBNF/DUNEESH Manager, who reports to the LBNF Project Manager and the TC. The ESH is responsibleto work with the Consortia in reviewing their hazards and their ESH plans. The ESH Manager isresponsible to review ESH at production sites, integration sites and at SURF.




1.1.5 Integration and Systems Engineering

The major aspects of detector integration focus on the mechanical and electrical connections be-tween each of the detector systems. A second major area is in the support of the detector andits interfaces to the cryostat. A third major area is in assuring that the detector can be installed— that the integrated components can be moved into their final configuration. A fourth majorarea is in the integration of the detector with the necessary services provided by the conventionalfacilities.

1.1.5.1 Configuration Management

The DUNE Technical Coordination engineering team will maintain full 3-D CAD models of thedetectors, and the consortia will be responsible for providing the team with CAD models of theirdetector components for integration into the overall models. The project engineering team willwork with the LBNF project team to integrate the full detector models into a global LBNF CADmodel that includes cryostats, cryogenic systems, and the conventional facilities. The DUNEproject engineering team will work directly with the consortia Technical Leads and their supportingengineering teams to resolve any detector component interference and connection issues with otherdetector systems, detector infrastructure, and facility infrastructure.

For mechanical design aspects, the DUNE TC engineering team will maintain full 3-D CAD modelsof the detectors. Each consortium will be responsible for providing the project engineering teamwith CAD models of their detector components to be integrated into overall models. The TCengineering team will work with the LBNF project team to integrate the full detector models intoa global LBNF CAD model that will include cryostats, cryogenic systems, and the conventionalfacilities. The TC engineering team will work directly with the consortia Technical Leads and theirsupporting engineering teams to resolve any detector component interference and/or connectionissues with other detector systems, detector infrastructure, and facility infrastructure.

For electrical design aspects, the TC engineering team will maintain high level interface documentswhich describe all aspects of required electrical infrastructure and electrical connections. All con-sortia must document power requirements and rack space requirements. Consortia are responsiblefor defining any cabling which bridges the design efforts of two or more consortia. This agreed uponand signed-off interface documentation should include cable specification, connector specification,connector pinout and any data format, signal levels and timing. All cables, connectors, printedcircuit board components, physical layout and construction will be subject to project review. Thisis especially true of elements which will be inaccessible during the project lifetime. Consortiashould provide details on liquid argon temperature acceptance testing and lifetime of components,boards, cables and connectors.

At the time of the release of the Technical Design Reports, the project engineering team willwork with the consortia to produce formal engineering drawings for all detector components.These drawings are expected to be signed by the consortia Technical Leads, project engineers,and Technical Coordinator. Starting from that point, the detector models and drawings will sit




under formal change control. It is anticipated that designs will undergo further revisions prior tothe start of detector construction, but any changes made after the release of the Technical DesignReports will need to be agreed to by all of the drawing signers and an updated, signed drawingproduced.

The major areas of configuration management include:

1. 3-D Model

2. Interface Definitions

3. Envelope Drawings for installation

4. Drawing management

1.1.5.1.1 Configuration Management Processes

Technical Coordination will put into place processes for configuration management. Configurationmanagement will provide technical coordination and engineering staff the ability to define andcontrol the actual build of the detector at any point in time and to track any changes which mayoccur over duration of the build as well as the lifetime of the project.

For detector elements within the cryostat, configuration management will be frozen once the ele-ments are permanently sealed within the cryostat. However, during the integration and installationprocess of building the detector within the cryostat, changes may need to occur. For detector el-ements outside the cryostat and accessible, all repairs, replacements, hardware upgrades, systemgrounding changes, firmware and software changes must be tracked.

Any change will require revision control, configuration identification, change management andrelease management.

Revision ControlConsortia will be responsible for providing accurate and well documented revision control. Re-vision control should provide a method of tracking and maintaining the history of changes to adetector element. Each detector element must be clearly identified with a document which in-cludes a revision number and revision history. For mechanical elements, this will be reflected bya drawing number with revision information. For electrical elements, schematics will be used totrack revisions. Consortia will be responsible for identifying the revision status of each installeddetector elements.

Configuration IdentificationConsortia are responsible for providing unique identifiers or part numbers for each detector element.Plans will be developed on how inventories will be maintained and tracked during the build. Planswill clearly identify any dynamic configuration modes which may be unique to a specific detectorelement. For example, a printed circuit board may have firmware which effects its performance.




Change ManagementTechnical Coordination will provide guidelines for formal change management. During the be-ginning phase of the project, drawings and interface documents are expected to be signed by theconsortia Technical Leads, project engineers, and Technical Coordinator. Once this initial designphase is complete, the detector models, drawings, schematics and interface documents will be un-der formal change control. It is anticipated that designs will undergo further revisions prior tothe start of detector construction, but any changes made after the release of the Technical DesignReports will need to be agreed to by all drawing signers and an updated signed drawing produced.

Release ManagementRelease management focuses on the delivery of the more dynamic aspects of the project such asfirmware and software. Consortia with deliverables that have the ability to effect performance ofthe detector by changing firmware or software must provide plans on how these revisions will betracked, tested and released. The modification of any software or firmware after the initial release,must be formally controlled, agreed upon and tracked.

1.1.5.2 Engineering process and support

The DUNE Technical Coordination organization will work with the consortia through its TC en-gineering team to ensure the proper integration of all detector components. The TC engineeringteam will document requirements on engineering standards and documentation that the consortiawill need to adhere to in the design process for the detector components under their responsi-bility. Similarly, the project QA and ES&H managers will document quality control and safetycriteria that the consortia will be required to follow during the construction, installation, andcommissioning of their detector components, as discussed in sections 1.1.3 and sec:fdsp-coord-esh.

Consortia interfaces with the conventional facilities, cryostats, and cryogenics are managed throughthe DUNE Technical Coordination organization. The TC engineering team will work with the con-sortia to understand their interfaces to the facilities and then communicate these globally to theLBNF project team. For conventional facilities the types of interfaces to be considered are re-quirements for bringing needed detector components down the shaft and through the undergroundtunnels to the detector cavern, overall requirements for power and cooling in the detector caverns,and the requirements on cable connections from the underground area to the surface. Interfacesto the cryostat include the number and sizes of the penetrations on top of the cryostat, requiredmechanical structures attaching to the cryostat walls for supporting cables and instrumentation,and requirements on the global positioning of the detector within the cryostat. Cryogenic systeminterfaces include requirements on the location of inlet/output ports, requirements on the monitor-ing of the liquid argon both inside and outside the cryostat, and grounding/shielding requirementson piping attached to the cryostat.

LBNF will be responsible for the design and construction of the cryostats used to house thedetectors. The consortia are required to provide input on the location and sizes of the needed pen-etrations at the top of the cryostats. The consortia also need to specify any mechanical structuresto be attached to the cryostat walls for supporting cables or instrumentation. The DUNE projectengineering team will work with the LBNF cryostat engineering team to understand what attached




fixturing is possible and iterate with the consortia as necessary. The consortia will also work withthe project engineering team through the development of the 3-D CAD model to understand theoverall position of the detector within the cryostat and any issues associated with the resultinglocations of their detector components.

LBNF will be responsible for the cryogenics systems used to purge, cool, and fill the cryostats. Itwill also be responsible for the system that continually re-circulates liquid argon through filteringsystems to remove impurities. Any detector requirements on the flow of liquid within the cryostatshould be developed by the consortia and transmitted to LBNF through the project engineeringteam. Similarly, any requirements on the rate of cool-down or maximum temperature differen-tial across the cryostat during the cool-down process should be specified by the consortia andtransmitted to the LBNF team.

1.1.5.2.1 Engineering Processes

The engineering design process is defined by a set of steps taken to fulfill the requirements of thedesign. By the time of the Technical Design Report, all design requirements must be fully definedand proposed designs must be shown meet these requirements. Based on prior work, some detectorelements may be quite advanced in the engineering process, while others may be in earlier stages.Each design process shall closely follow the engineering steps described below.

Development of specificationsEach consortium is responsible for the technical review and approval of the engineering specifi-cations. The documented specifications for all major design elements should include the scopeof work, project milestones, relevant codes and standards to be followed, acceptance criteria andspecify appropriate internal or external design reviews. Specifications shall be treated as controlleddocuments and cannot be altered without approval of the DUNE Technical Coordination team.The TC engineering team will participate in and help facilitate all major reviews. Special TechnicalBoard reviews will be scheduled for major detector elements.

Engineering Risk AnalysisEach consortium is responsible for identifying and defining the level of risk associated with theirdeliverables. DUNE Technical Coordination will work with the consortia, through its TC engi-neering team, to document these risks in a Risk Database and follow them throughout the projectuntil they are realized or can be retired.

Specification ReviewThe DUNE Technical Coordination organization and project engineers shall review consortia spec-ifications for overall compliance with the project requirements. Consortia must document all in-ternal reviews and provide that documentation to the Technical Coordination staff. Additionalhigher level reviews may be scheduled by the Technical Coordination staff.

System DesignThe system design process includes the production of mechanical drawings, electrical schematics,calculations which verify compliance to engineering standards, firmware, printed circuit board




layout, cabling and connector specification, software plans, and any other aspects that lead to afully documented functional design. All relevant documentation shall be recorded, with appropriatedocument number, into the chosen engineering data management system and be available for thereview process.

Engineering Design ReviewThe design review process is determined by the complexity and risk associated with the designelement. For a simple design element, the consortia may do an internal review. For a more complexor high risk element a formal review will be scheduled. The DUNE Technical Coordination staffwill facilitate the review, bringing in outside experts as needed. In all cases, the result of anyreviews should be well documented and captured in the engineering data management system. Ifrecommendations are made, those recommendations will be tracked in a database and the consortiawill be expected to provide a response.

ProcurementThe procurement process will include the documented technical specifications for all procured ma-terials and parts. All procurement technical documents are reviewed for compliance to engineeringstandards, safety and environmental concerns. The DUNE Technical Coordination staff will assistthe consortia in working with their procurement staff as needed.

ImplementationDuring the implementation phase of the project, the consortia shall provide the Technical Coordi-nator with updates on schedule. A test plan will fully developed which will allow for verificationthat the initial requirements have been met. In addition, a quality assurance plan will be docu-mented and followed.

Testing and ValidationThe testing plan documented in the above step will be followed and results will be well documented.The Technical Coordinator and engineering team will be informed as to the results and whetherthe design meets the specifications. If not, a plan will be formulated to address any shortcomingsand presented to the Technical Coordinator. [QA Manager should be mentioned here]

Final DocumentationFinal reports should be generated which describes the as built equipment, any lessons learned,safety reports, installation procedures and checks, and operations manual.

1.2 Installation

1.2.1 Organization

Technical Coordination (TC) is responsible for detector integration and installation support. Onthe surface TC is responsible for coordinating with the LBNF logistics effort and acting as theinterface to LBNF logistics for planning transport of all detector equipment underground. TC




will receive equipment from the consortia and plan the transport to the Ross shaft with theLBNF logistics coordinator. This will require that TC receive equipment, support the consortiain repackaging (and test the equipment if needed) and support the consortia in preparing theequipment for transport underground. Given possible delays in shipping a one month materialbuffer is foreseen at an Integration and Test Facility (ITF) near the SURF site. This effortwill need warehouse space with associated inventory system, storage facilities, material transportequipment and access to trucking. As a substantial facility is required near the SURF site thisinfrastructure could also be used and a location for the detector integration facility where detectorcomponents from different consortia are assembled and tested before going underground. Thelocation of the integration facility will be decided prior to the TDR and an engineering design ofthe needed infrastructure will be available.

TC is responsible for coordinating and supporting the installation of the detector. The consortia areresponsible for the installation of their equipment, but in order to do this, essential infrastructurewill need to be available. The installation scope includes the infrastructure needed to install thedetector such as the cleanroom, special cranes, access equipment, basic tools, etc. TC will providetrained personnel to operate the installation infrastructure. The consortia will provide the detectorelements and custom tooling and fixtures as required. In the case of the single-phase detector TCwill also provide the detector support system needed to bring equipment into the cryostat. TCwill supply general detector specific infrastructure like racks, cable trays, power, and if neededadditional optical fibers in the shafts.

Installation scope is divided into surface and underground activity. Both the surface and under-ground scope will be organized similarly to consortia, with responsibility shared by a scientific leadand a technical lead. Though organized similarly to the consortia the surface and undergroundinstallation organizations report directly to the Technical Coordination. These efforts will be re-ferred to as the Surface team and the Underground installation team (UIT). Clearly the surfaceteam which delivers equipment to the Ross Shaft and the UIT which receives the equipment un-derground need to be in close communication. The organization of the full installation scope intowork packages that are associated with the different phase of the project and the lower level WBSdivisions are shown in Figure 1.1. The main deliverables of the installation team are the detectorinstallation itself including coordinating the installation planning, constructing the installationinfrastructure and supporting the installation process. In addition the Underground installationalso provides common detector infrastructure and the DSS. The surface team or the logistics andtest team are responsible for planning DUNE work on the surface, providing the infrastructureneeded for the logistics, testing and integration and operation of the facility itself. The DUNEproduction phases are divided into production setup and production. Scope that represents a onetime investment is included in production setup while equipment and infrastructure that scaleswith the number of detectors is included in production. With this definition several of the possiblework packages are empty. For example once the surface logistics facility is setup it will be usedfor all 4 detectors so its scope is completely under production setup.

The costs for the installation related scope will in general be estimated at the work package levelfor the production and execution phases of the project. During the design phase a single costestimate for installation will be generated. Table 1.1 shows the initial estimates where the workpackages are rolled up to the level of major deliverables.




Design2.1.3

ProductionSetup2.1.4

Production2.1.5

Integration Test Facility

2.1.6Installation

2.1.7

Underground Installation

2.1._.1

Surface Logistics and

Testing2.1._.2

Common Surface

Infrastructure2.1._.3

Common Underground Infrastructure

2.1._.4

Underground Installation planning 2.1.3.1

Underground Installation Execution

2.1.7.1

ITF Operation

2.1.6.1

Planning ofthe Surface Logistics &

Testing 2.1.3.2

Common ITF

InfrastructureDesign 2.1.3.3

UndergroundInfrastructure

Design 2.1.3.4

Project Phase

Inst

alla

tion

Logi

stic

s an

d Te

st

Detector Support System Design2.1.3.5

Detector Support System

Production2.1.5.5

Detector SupportSystem2.1._._5

Underground Installation Production and Setup

2.1.4.1

SP Detector Infrastructure

2.1.5.4

Common Surface

InfrastructureITF

2.1.4.3

Common Infrastructure

2.1.4.4

Figure 1.1: Organization of installation and Surface Logistics and Testing. The columns in the matrixrepresent the project phase and the rows the major divisions in scope. Work packages define thedeliverables for each phase according to the major division in scope.

1.2.2 Surface Logistics & Testing

The logistics for integrating and installing the DUNE Far Detectors and their associated infras-tructure face a number of challenges. Possible difficulties include the size and complexity of thedetector itself, the number of sites around the world that will be fabricating detector and in-frastructure components, the necessity for protecting components from dust, vibration and shockduring their journey to the deep underground laboratory and the lack of space on the surfacenear the Sanford Lab Ross Shaft. One mitigation of these risks is the establishment of a DUNEIntegration and Test Facility (ITF) somewhere in the vicinity of Sanford Lab. Such a facility andits associated staff would contribute to DUNE in the following areas.

• Transport Buffer: Storage capacity for one month material in the vicinity of Sanford Lab.Handle packaging materials returned from underground laboratory.

• Re-packaging Facilitate possible re-packaging of components before transport underground.




WBS Deliverable Core Cost (k$) Labor (FTE)2.1.3 Design2.1._.1 Underground installation2.1._.4 Common Underground Infrastructure2.1._.5 Detector Support System2.1._.2 Surface Logistics and Testing2.1._.3 Common Surface Infrastructure

Table 1.1: Summary of installation costs.

• Component Fabrication: Possibly provide a capability for fabrication of components nearSanford Lab. Undergraduate science and engineering students from the South Dakota Schoolof Mines and Technology (SDSM&T) may contribute low cost effort to these fabricationactivities.

• Component Integration: Some integration activities may be best accomplished in proximityto Sanford Lab. A possible example is connecting photodetectors and cold electronics toAPAs.

• Inspection, Testing and Repair: Consortia will define their testing requirements includingprocedures and criteria. Consortia will also specify procedures in cases of test failure, forexample, repair, return to source or discard.

• Visitor Support: Consortia will likely send staff to the ITF for the integration, testing andinstallation of the consortia detector components. The ITF will provide temporary space,computer access, assistance personnel and other infrastructure support for DUNE visitors.

• Outreach: The ITF may be well located to support a public outreach program. The DUNEExperiment is likely to generate considerable public interest and addressing those interests isimportant to long-term public support for DUNE specifically and particle physics generally.

1.2.2.1 Scope

The scope of the ITF includes several possibly related but mostly independent tasks. They are:

• Cryostat: The scope of this item is the four cryostats planned for installation at the 4850 levelof Sanford Lab. Cryostat components include the warm steel structure, the stainless steelmembrane and the insulation. The logistics for the cryostat components will be managed bythe cryostat installation contractor and LBNF logistics coordinator. Most likely this functionwill be met with a commercial warehousing vendor, who will supply suitable space, loadingand unloading facilities and a commercial inventory management and control system. Thevendor will provide all required personnel effort as part of its contracted responsibilities.

• Cryogenics Systems: The cryogenics systems are also an LBNF responsibility and cryogenicssystem logistics will likely be managed by LBNF similarly to the logistics for the cryostat




components.

• DUNE Detectors: The DUNE Detectors are the responsibility of the collaboration as im-plemented by the consortia. The role of the ITF will vary for the several consortia and adescription of these various roles is a major topic of this document.

1.2.2.2 Location

A reasonable criterion for the location of the ITF is within about an hour drive from Sanford Lab.That criterion yields the following possibilities.

Location 2016 PopulationDeadwood 1,264

Lead 3,010Rapid City 74,048Spearfish 11,531Sturgis 6,832

Since infrastructure is correlated with population, Rapid City would seem the most likely choicefor location with Spearfish as a second possibility. In addition to overall infrastructure, particularassets of Rapid City include proximity to SDSM&T and a business community that is possiblyinterested in incorporating a DUNE ITF into an overall regional development program.

1.2.2.3 Requests from each consortia

In February 2018, questionnaires were distributed to each consortia to seek their requirements forITF. Table 1.2 lists leaders of each consortia and names of respondents to the questionnaires, while

Table 1.2: Leaders and respondents of each consortia.Consortium Leaders RespondentsHigh Voltage Francesco Pietropaolo, Bo Yu Bo YuAPA Stefan Soldner-Rembold, Alberto Marchionni Peter SutcliffeDAQ Georgia Karagiorgi, Dave Newbold Alec HabigSPCE David Christian, Marco Verzocchi Marco Verzocchi, Matt WorcesterDPCE D. Autiero, T. Hasegawa D.AutieroSPPDDPPD Ines Gil Botella, Dominique Duchesneau Burak BilkiCISCCRP

Tab. 1.3 summarizes their needs for the ITF. Responses from each consortia follow below.




Table 1.3: Summary of each consortia’s needs at ITF..Consortium Transport Re-Packaging Component Component Inspection, Visitor

Buffer Fabrication Integration Testing SupportHigh Voltage Yes Yes No Yes? Yes YesAPA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDAQ Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSPCE Yes Yes No No Yes YesDPCE Yes No No No Yes YesSPPDDPPD Yes Yes Yes No Yes YesCISCCRP

Transport Buffer

• High Voltage System 1000m2 maximum needed (1 month before the start of TPC instal-lation and 1 month before the end of the TPC installation) in which ∼500m2 for dedicatedspace and 500m2 for shared space. Humidity needs to be <70%. Re-packaging area needsto be class 100,000 and no insects. There also needs to be a crane coverage between bufferand re-packaging areas.

• APA For 40–80 APAs, say minimum of ∼1000m2, including a place for a cleanroom. This isbased on 1 year APA production and assume they will be transported from the manufacturingfacility straight after they are made. The space can be shared. There need to be crane access,large door openings, height enough to lift boxes and allow fork lift. Some APAs will be keptin transport boxes and after the PDs and electronic boxes have been added, they will be“hung” in a clean, dry area, ready for transport to SURF in a specialized box.

• DAQ Area for some boxes and crates needed, but not while shipping containers. And it canbe shared..). It should meed standard electronics environment as well.

• Single Phase Cold Electronics A total of 40m2 of space to be populated with racks andpossibly one cabinet with dry air storage. The space can be shared, although we would prefernot to have to share the dry air cabinets. We prefer to avoid storage at temperatures below10◦C and we would also prefer an environment with a controlled humidity level such thatthe dew point in the storage area is below 5◦C.

For components that will be installed on the APAs at the integration facility, they need to bestored (after unpacking) in a dry-air cabinets such that the dew point is significantly belowthat of the room temperature (a relative humidity in the dry air cabinets at the level of30% is sufficient to ensure this). We also need these cabinets to be connected to ground suchthat we can store the components minimizing the possibility of having electrostatic dischargedamage.

• Dual Phase Cold Electronics The largest space will be taken by the signal chimneys (box fora chimney 2.2×0.5×0.5 m3), 240 chimneys to be installed, 30% buffer. We would need 50m2




dedicated space out of the total 200m2 space. No particular environmental requirements areneeded, but we would need handling facilities for the chimneys boxes with weight ∼100 kg.

• Dual Phase Photon Detection We would need a dedicated space of 45m2 with dark roomwith climate (temperature and humidity) control.

Re-packaging

• High Voltage System Nearly all CPA, FC modules are shipped in 20′ shipping containerswith high packing density. These units need to be transferred to the UG crates to be providedby the HVS. During this process, some basic inspection and tests will be performed eitherby HVS personnel or trained ITF staff. An outer layer of plastic bag/sheet will be removedand replaced on the module before mounted into the UG crates.

• APA We will be using a separate transport box to crane the APAs into the SURF facility,therefore will need a crane to repackage in a reasonably clean area.

• DAQ We will likely set some stuff up in conjunction with the cold electronics reception/teststation. In which case, that would need to be disassembled and shipped out afterwards.With respect to the main volume of Production DAQ stuff, it would come in computerboxes, pallets, or possibly electronics racks. We are not sure if this would need repackagedto go down the shaft, however.

• Single Phase Cold Electronics This is hard to predict at this point. For examples fordetector cables we may want to transfer the cables onto spools that can be used to speedup the installation of the cables in the APAs once the APAs are brought into the toasterin the mine. For other components (crates, power supplies) we may need to transfer thecomponents from the original packing used for the shipment from the institutions wherethe components were fabricated or tested into a different packing that is optimized for thetransport in the mine of the set of components that are going to be installed in a short timeperiod, or that facilitate lifting the components on the top of the cryostat. The possibility offully populating racks or even crates prior to the transport in the mine, installation on thetop of the cryostat, cannot be excluded. Depending on the nature of the work, we expectthat some monitoring or active participation in the re-packaging activities will be providedby members of the consortium.

• Dual Phase Cold Electronics Very likely there will be no re-packaging.

• Dual Phase Photon Detection The original packaging will be opened for testing of theequipment inside. Re-packaging will be done using the original packaging materials. Atthis stage, additional external attachments might be added in order to make the packagemore suitable for underground transportation. These may include vibration dampers, locks,carriage hooks, etc.




Component Fabrication

• High Voltage System No need of fabrication capabilities of the ITF.

• APA There is always a need for technical effort, the specifics of this is difficult to evaluateat this time, but may include simple tooling needs, turning, milling, drilling, grinding etc.

• DAQ We might need for things we didn’t anticipate beforehand — do we need new mountingbrackets, strain relief, etc.

• Single Phase Cold Electronics We do not expect to do any fabrication work at the ITF.We cannot however exclude the need for small repairs or the need for the quick fabricationof tooling that may be needed either at the ITF or at Sanford Lab. We expect to haveengineer(s) and technician(s) from the consortium institution available for these activities,but we may need to resort to the help of local personnel from the SDSM&T. For small repairswe are likely to require a small electronic shop.

• Dual Phase Cold Electronics Very likely no need.

• Dual Phase Photon Detection We might choose to perform the TPB coating of the PMTsat ITF. In this case, a coating facility will be established in a dedicated space at ITF,dimensions to be determined at a later stage. The operations will be supervised by DPPDand will likely be executed by students/engineers.

Component Integration

• High Voltage System It is possible that the integration of the top field cage to the groundplane (attaching the ground plane tiles to the top FC modules), or the integration of thebottom ground plane (linking the ground plane tiles into larger modules) can be carried outat the ITF.

• APA Skilled technical effort will be needed with APA integration assembly, tooling attach-ment, some cabling assistance. Some of this will be because of health and safety reasons.Space requirement is 100m2 for 1–2 APAs

• DAQ Possibly, rack stuffing.

• Single Phase Cold Electronics We expect that the installation and testing of the coldelectronics onto the APAs that will take place at the Integration facility will be performedby member of the Cold Electronics consortium stationed there. We plan to have a teamcomprising at least one engineer, one technician and several students/postdocs/scientists toperform these activities. Students from SDSM&T could be integrated in this team mostlyfor the testing activities, but we do expect that the majority of the team will be composedby member of the Cold Electronics consortium at all times.

• Dual Phase Cold Electronics We do not plan to perform integration at the ITF.




• Dual Phase Photon Detection DPPD deliverables will not require integration with othersubsystem elements at the ITF.

Inspection, Testing and Repair

• High Voltage System During the re-packaging of the CPA/FC/GP modules, perform visualinspection of damages, electrical continuity test of a set predetermined test points and a smallnumber of resistivity measurements. Test results will be logged in the traveler documentsaccompanying the modules. Test instruments will be provided by HVS. Repairs will beperformed by HVS experts. Entire process needs to be in class 100,000 clean space.

• APA We will need a reasonably clean area for visual inspection and possibly the tension ofthe wires. And there will be a full test of the APA in a cold box and will require liquidnitrogen. We might need minor repairs only.

• DAQ Testing of components to make sure they arrived ok, at the level of “does it turn on”or “there’s no link light”. More detailed testing could be done remotely by DAQ experts andif repairs are needed, it should be shipped back for expert TLC.

• Single Phase Cold Electronics The Cold Electronics consortium plans to use the IntegrationFacility mostly for installing the Front End Motherboards on the APAs and then performingtests of the fully populated APA prior to the shipment of the APA to Sanford Lab. Theseactivities will be performed jointly by the APA, Photon Detector and Cold Electronics con-sortia, using equipment that will also be provided by the Cold Instrumentation and SlowControls consortium and by the DAQ consortium. The facility required for the installationand the test of the Front End Motherboards onto the APA should be modeled on the Pro-toDUNE installation area. It requires a crane system for lifting the APA from its shippingbox, a suspension system using rails that can be used to move the APA in and out of anarea dedicated to the installation of the electronics and in and out of a cold box to be usedfor tests. Scissor lifts or a system of platforms should be in place to allow work at heights.The team responsible for the ProtoDUNE installation should provide feedback in the designof this area. A detailed study of the scheduling for the integration of the electronics and thephoton detector system on the APA should be done to understand how many areas wherethis work is performed in parallel are needed (we expect that at least two stations operatingin parallel are requires). At the moment we do not foresee the need to perform other testsat the integration facility. We would still prefer to keep the option open for having a smalllaboratory space (20m2) where we can test Front End Motherboards that do not performas expected after the installation on the APAs to decide whether they should be repairedlocally or sent back to one of the consortium institutions for further investigation/repairs.

• Dual Phase Cold Electronics Just integrity of the transportation packaging, no opening ofthe packaging.

• Dual Phase Photon Detection We will perform basic operation and quality checks on thephotodetectors, calibrations systems, cables, fibers and high voltage system components.Photodetectors will be tested for basic operation, others might be as simple as visual inspec-




tion. The laboratory space required for these test is minimum 40m2. This laboratory spacemust have climate control, sufficient electrical and cabling infrastructure (racks, power, light-ing, cable trays) and reasonable proximity to the DPPD storage area. The testing operationswill be supervised by DPPD and will likely be executed by students.

Visitor Support

• High Voltage System A common shared office space with other consortia member wouldsuffice. We expect to have ∼2 long term (commute between ITF and SURF), up to 5 shortterm visitors.

• APA Likely over a period of 2 years with 4 people full time plus 4 people visiting part time50% and 4 people underground (1 engineer, 2 physicists and 1 tech) for 1 year.

• DAQ During commissioning, at least the same size team as will be at ProtoDUNE. Duringoperations, probably one or two experts steady-state.

• Single Phase Cold ElectronicsWe expect that a large fraction of the students/postdocs/scientificpersonnel from the consortium will spend long periods of time (between 3 months and 1 year)at the integration facility and at Sanford Laboratory. A smaller fraction of the personnelwill commute for shorter periods of time. We expect a similar pattern for engineers andtechnicians. Overall, we expect to have a team of 12–15 people from the Cold Electronicsconsortium will be present at all times at the Integration Facility. A similar number of people(up to 20) working on the installation of the detector in Sanford Lab may also expect to beable to use any support infrastructure for visitors at the Integration Facility.

• Dual Phase Cold Electronics 2 visitors, stay of the order of a few months.

• Dual Phase Photon Detection Eight visitors for 4 months/year; four visitors for 12 months/year.

1.2.2.4 Management:

The management of the ITF should likely be provided by one or more DUNE CollaboratingInstitutions. A possible choice is SDSM&T because of its physical proximity, its understandingof the local infrastructure and relationships and its ability to provide some specialized effort andspecialized facilities that might benefit the ITF. Some preliminary discussions with SDSM&Tmanagement have already occurred. These discussions should be ongoing as the parameters forthe ITF become more definite.




1.2.2.5 Inventory System:

Effective inventory management will be essential for all aspects of DUNE detector development,construction, installation and operation. While its relevance and importance go beyond the In-tegration and Test Facility, the ITF is the location at which LBNF, DUNE project management,consortia scientific personnel and SURF operations will interface. We therefore will develop stan-dards and protocols for inventory management as part of the ITF planning. A critical requirementfor the project is that the inventory management system for procurement, construction and instal-lation must be compatible with future QA, calibration and detector performance database systems.Experience with past large detector projects, notably NOvA, has demonstrated that the capabil-ity to track component-specific information is extremely valuable throughout installation, testing,commissioning and routine operation. Compatibility between separate inventory management andphysics information systems will be maintained for effective operation and analysis of DUNE.

DUNE will rely on a commercial vendor for warehouse and logistics services in Rapid City oranother location nearby to SURF. Warehouse vendors have a variety of inventory software packagesand standards, and final specification of the DUNE/LBNF system cannot happen until the projectwarehouse vendor is selected. Discussions are being coordinated closely with LBNF and initialvisits and meetings with warehouse vendors and software suppliers have occurred. DUNE scientificpersonnel will continue to evaluate candidate systems and assure interoperability with a futurephysics database information systems.

Because of the widely distributed nature of the DUNE development and construction project andthe required compatibility with a commercial warehouse management system, we plan to developcore inventory management capabilities based on a service-oriented architecture. URL connectionswill be used to pass data (JSON format) to RESTful APIs, which have task-specific code writtenin Python that communicates with standard PostgresSQL database that will be developed forDUNE by Fermilab. Specialized code at remote sites would also be in Python.

Implementation within a commercial cloud-based computing environment, well suited to the in-ternational DUNE project, is also under consideration. A recent visit to Rapid City revealed thatDakotaWarehouse (https://dakotawarehouse.com), a leading candidate for providing LBNF/DUNEwarehouse services for detector components, including cryostat and cryogenic systems, uses acloud-based commercial software package, 3PL Central (https://3plcentral.com), in which ordersof shipments and stock status are entered and queried through an internet browser interface. Wewill consider the feasibility of this or a similar platform for LBNF and DUNE.

1.2.3 Underground Detector Installation

For the DUNE detectors to be installed in safe and efficient manner the effort of the individualconsortia need to be coordinated such that the installation is planned as a coherent process. Theinterfaces between the individual components needs to be understood and the spaces required forthe installation process planned and documented. The installation planning needs to take intoaccount the plans and scope of the LBNF effort and the individual plans of the nine consortia.



https://dakotawarehouse.com

https://3plcentral.com


By working with the LBNF team and the members of the consortia responsible for building andinstalling their components, a joint installation plan and schedule taking into account the all theactivities and needs of all the stakeholders can be developed. Though the organization of theinstallation effort is still evolving it is assumed in this document that the underground installationteam (UIT) will be organized similarly to the consortia. For the installation team the equivalentof the scientific lead is the installation coordinator (IC) and and the technical lead the installationtechnical lead (ITL). The UIT leadership will be appointed prior to the TDR approval along withthe UIT staffing plan and material basis of estimates (BOEs).

One of the primary early responsibilities of the Underground installation Team (UIT) after its for-mation will be to review and maintain the DUNE installation plan and the installation schedule.The DUNE installation plan will describe the installation process in sufficient detail to demon-strate how all the individual consortium installation plans mesh and it will give the overview ofthe installation process. The UIT will be responsible for reviewing and approving the consortiainstallation plans. Approved installation plans, engineering design notes, signed final drawings,Safety documentation and procedures are all prerequisites for the Production Readiness Reviews(PRR). Approved procedures, safety approval, and proper training are all required before the UITwill perform work.

During the installation phase the installation leadership will coordinate the DUNE installationeffort and adapt the schedule as needed. The installation coordinator with management will alsoresolve issues when problems occur. Common installation infrastructure will also be part of theinstallation scope. This includes: the underground class 100,000 clean room, cranes and hoists (ifthey are not delivered by LBNF), scissor lifts, areal lifts, and the common work platforms outsidethe cryostat. The UIT will have responsibility for operating this equipment and assisting theconsortia with activities related to rigging, material transport, and logistics. Each consortium isresponsible for the installation of their own equipment so the responsibility of the installationgroup is limited but the material handling scope is substantial. To support the installationprocess an installation foreman will lead a trained crew with the main responsibility of transportingthe equipment to the necessary location and operating the cranes, hoists, and other commonequipment needed for the installation. It is expected that the installation crew will work withthe teams from the various consortia but will mainly act in a supporting function. The UITforeman will be responsible for supervising the UIT crew, but the ultimate responsibility for alldetector components will remain with the consortia even while the underground team is rigging ortransporting these components. This will be critical in case parts are damaged during transport orinstallation, as the consortia need to judge the necessary actions. For this reason, a representativeor point-of-contact (POC) from the consortia must be present when any work is performed ontheir equipment. The consortium is responsible for certifying that each installation step is properlyperformed.

The UIT acts as the primary point of contact with LBNF/SURF from the time the componentsreach the headframe until the equipment reaches the experimental cavern (if something goes wrongSURF calls the UIT leader who then contacts the responsible party). The consortia are responsiblefor delivering to the UIT all approved procedures and specialized tooling required for transport.The UIT leader acts as a point of contact if the LBNF/SURF team has questions or difficulties withthe underground transport. The UIT receives the materials from LBNF/SURF at the entranceto the DUNE excavations. The UIT then delivers the equipment to the required underground




location.

In an effort to get an early estimate of the equipment required, the spaces needed and the timerequired for the installation the installation Planning Team (IPT) has begun the process of gen-erating a preliminary installation procedure for the single phase detector and is working with theconsortia to come to a baseline installation plan. Images showing the installation sequence areshown in Fig. 1.2. The UIT will take ownership of the plan once it forms.

The current installation plan is desscribed. DUNE will take ownership of the different undergroundareas at different times. The surface data room and the underground room in the CUC are availablesignificantly before the collaboration has access to the cryostats and the optical fibers between thesurface and underground will be in place even earlier. This will allow a DAQ prototype to bedeveloped and tested early. The installation of the DAQ hardware can also be finished beforethe start of detector installation if desired so the DAQ will not be on critical path. When thecollaboration receives access to Cryostat #1 the steel work for Cryostat #2 will be finished andthe work on installing the membrane will have started. Excavation will be complete. The firststep in the installation is to install the cryo-piping and the DSS. As the cryo-piping will requirewelding and grinding it is a dirty process and must be complete before the area can be used asa cleanroom. When this is complete the cryostat can be cleaned and the false floor re-installed.The clean infrastructure needed to install the detector including the cleanroom, work platforms,scaffolding, and the fixturing to hold the detector elements during assembly and all the lifts needto be set up. Once the infrastructure is in place and the area clean the installation of the mainelements can start. The general layout of the installation area showing the necessary space andequipment is shown in the top panels in Figure 1.2.

The SP detector is installed by first installing the west endwall or endwall #1 (see Fig. 1.3). Thethe APAs and CPAs with top/bottom FC panels are installed. The plan is to install 6 APAs and4 CPAs per week which is enough to complete one of the 25 rows every week. Additional time isbuilt into the schedule to take into account that the installation will be slower at the beginning andsome re-work may be needed. By building west-to-east complete rows can be finished and testedbefore moving to the next row. This reduced the risk that after final FC deployment and cablingthat a fault is found which require dismantling par of the detector. Some of the steps needed toinstall the APA and CPA modules outside the cryostat are also shown in Figure 1.2. The middlethree panels show how the APA needs to be handled in order to rotate it and mount it to theassembly frame. After two APA are mounted on top of each other the cabling for the lower APAscold electronics and photon detector cables can be installed. The lower three panels show how the2m CPA sub-panels are removed form the transport crates and assembled on holding frame. Oncethe CPA module is assembled the Field Cage units can them be mounted. Finally once the APAand CPA are installed the endWall #2 can be installed. A high level summary of the schedule isshown in Figure 1.4.

[Image of Dual Phase detector?]

Once the first detector is installed work on setting up the second detector installation can begin.This work includes moving the cranes and work platforms along with moving the walls of thecleanroom so the second cryostat is clean. For the purposes of this Technical Proposal it isassumed that the second detector is a Dual-Phase TPC (DP) with photon detection. The individual




Figure 1.2: Installation sequence




Figure 1.3: End view of single phase detector with endwall field cage in place, along with one row ofAPA and CPA.

Start Dur D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O NBenificailOccupancyCryostat#1 12/29/22 0 uInstallCryostatRacks,Cabletrays,Power 3InstallCUC-Cryostatfiberopticcables 1DAQcomissioningwithdetector 12PrepareInstallationDetector#1 4InstallDSS 2InstallCryopipingDet#1 2CleanCryostatandinstallfloor 1Installearlycryoinstrumentation 2InstallFCEndwall#1 1InstallAPA-CPA-FC 8InstallFCEndwall#2 1InstalllateCryomonitoring&Instrum. 1TestingpriortoclosingTCO 1TCO#1readytoclose 0 uCloseTCO#1 2CooldownandfillDet#1 12BenificalOccupancyCryostat#2 0 uInstallCryopipingDet#2 2Install240DP-electronicChimneys 2InstallPD&CRPinstrum.feedthru 1CleanCryostatandinstallFloor 1InstallInstallaitonAirlockDet#2 3Installearlycryoinstrumentation 2DAQcomissioningwithdetector 14InstallCPR#1-4 2InstallFCEndwall#1DP 1InstallCRP#5-80 8InstallFCsidewalls 8InstallCathode 8InstallDPphoton 8FinishEndwall#2DP 1TestingpriortoclosingTCO 1ReadytocloseTCODet#2 0 u

2023 2024 2025

Figure 1.4: High level installation schedule




detector elements of the DP are smaller than the SP detector so the installation infrastructure issimpler. The DP detector will need a cleanroom and cranes capable of moving the equipmentto the cleanroom entrance. Much of the work for the DP installation will be performed insidethe cryostat. Like the SP detector the first step is the installation of the cryo-piping followedby cleaning and installation of the false floor. While the cryo-piping is being installed the DPchimneys for the electronics along with the DPPD and CRP instrumentation feedthrus can beinstalled. The DP detector requires a much smaller cleanroom which is installed just outside theTCO. At the start of the TPC installation the first 4 CRP will be installed which comprises thefirst row of CRP. Once the first CRPs are installed and tested then the first endwall can be installedwhile the second row of CRP are installed. In general, after this the assembly sequence will includerows of CRP and then them rows of FC are installed followed by the cathode installation and thephoton detector PMTs. Finally at the end the second field cage endwall is installed and a finaltesting period for the full detector is foreseen. The DP installation sequence is shown in magentain Figure 1.4.

The UIT is responsible for delivering the common infrastructure the detector will need to operate.This infrastructure is typically equipment that is used by many groups. This may include: the elec-tronics racks with power and cooling, cable trays, the cryostat crossing tubes and flanges, riggingequipment, some tools, the ground monitoring and isolation transformers, necessary diagnosticsequipment (including oscilloscopes, a network analyzers and leak detector), a small machine shop,storage with some critical supplies, and some PPE.

Prior to the TDR mutually agreed upon installation plans will need to be approved. These will setthe schedule for the installation and will determine the planning for staffing and budget. Havinggood estimates for the time needed and having enough experience to ensure the interfaces areunderstood and the procedures are complete is important for accurate planning. The experienceat ProtoDUNE will be very important as the ProtoDUNE installation establishes the proceduresfor handling all the detector elements and in many cases gives accurate estimates for the timeneeded. However in the case of the single-phase detector many of these procedures need to revisedor newly developed as the DUNE detector will be twice as high as ProtoDUNE so two APAs needto be assembled together and then a totally different cabling scheme is needed. Testing the cablingwill need to be complete prior to the TDR as this is needed to ensure the design is viable. Thedual-phase will also need to develop new installation procedures as the DUNE DP detector willhave a significantly different field cage and cathode plane.

The installation by definition is on the critical path making it vital that the work be performedefficiently and in a manner that has low risk. In order to achieve this a prototype of the installa-tion equipment will be constructed at Ash River and the installation process tested with dummydetector elements. It is expected that the setup will be available at the time of the TDR, but anylessons learned will need to be implemented and tested after this. In the period just prior to thestart of installation the Ash River setup will be used as a training ground for the UIT.




1.2.3.1 Detector Support

The Detector Support System (DSS) provides the main structural support for the single-phasedetector. The detector elements supported by the DSS include the field cage endwalls, the APAs,and the CPAs with top and bottom field cage panels. The DSS is supported by the cryostat outersteel structure through a series of feedthrus which cross through the cryostat insulation and areanchored with flanges on the cryostat roof. Inside the cryostat a series of stainless steel I-beamsare connected to the feedthrus and used to support the detector. The DSS defines the location ofthe detector inside the cryostat and it also defines how the detector elements move as the detectoris brought to LAr temperature. The design of the DSS encompasses the overall structural designof the detector as only after the elements are mounted to the DSS and are connected together dothey make a unified mechanical structure. The requirements of the DSS are as follows:

• Support the weight, both dry and wet [warm and cold?], of the detector (endwall, top/bottom FC,APA, CPA)

• Accommodate the roof movement [ROOF DEFORMATIONS NEED TO BE DEFINED]

• Accommodate variation in the feedthrough locations and variation in the flange angles due toinstallation tolerances and loading on the warm structure.

• Accommodate shrinkage of the detector and DSS from ambient temperature to LAr temperature.

• Minimize the gaps that develop between APAs during cool down to less than 13mm. [WHAT ISTHE CORRECT VALUE?]

• Accommodate installation of the detector.

• Define the position of the detector components relative to each other. [NEED TO DEFINE THISTOLERANCE]

• The CPA to APA centerline distance and tolerance envelope must be maintained at 3574±y mm

• The DSS is electrically connected to the cryostat ground

• The APA/CPA/FC/endwall are electrically isolated from the DSS

• The DSS penetrations must be purged with GAr to maintain a positive pressure in order to preventcontaminants from diffusing back into the liquid

• The instrumentation cabling must not interfere with the DSS.

• The DSS components must be able to be installed through the TCO

• The DSS is to designed to meet AISC-360 and appropriate codes required by SURF

• The DSS will be designed to meet seismic requirements 1 mile underground at SURF




• All materials must be compatible for operation in ultrapure LAr

• The DSS beams will be completely submerged in LAr

• The DSS will ensure that detector components shall not be less than 400mm from the membraneflat surface

• The DSS supports shall not interfere with the cryostat I-beam structures

• The DSS shall be designed such that it supports the detector so that the lower ground plane isabove the cryogenic piping and the top of the DSS beams are submerged in LAr while leaving a 4%ullage at the top of the cryostat.

• The DSS shall have infrastructure necessary to move the APA and CPA-FC assemblies from outsidethe cryostat through the TCO and to the correct position.

Figure 1.5 (left) shows the DSS structure; there are five rows of supports for the alternating rowsof APA-CPA-APA-CPA-APA. The DSS is connected to the warm structure at a flange that ismounted on the outside of the cryostat. Figure 1.5 (right) shows the layout of these structuralfeedthroughs. The DSS consists of pairs of feedthroughs that support 6.4m-long S8x18.4 stainlesssteel I-beam sections. The proposed design of the DSS has 10 I-beam segments per row for a totalof 50 I-beam segments. Each I-beam is suspended on both ends by rods from feedthroughs thatpenetrate the roof. In the cold condition each beam will shrink which will cause gaps to formbetween APAs that are adjacent but supported on separate beams. APAs that are supported onthe same beam will not have gaps develop because both the beam and APAs are stainless steel sothey will shrink together. Each beam is supported by a nearly 2m long rod that allows the beamsupport to move as the beam contracts.

The feedthrough consists of a flange and 8′′ OD structural tube welded to it that extends throughthe cryostat insulation. There is a nominal 10mm gap between the OD of the tube and the IDof the clearance tube in the cryostat. The purpose of the 8′′ tube is to provide lateral support tothe I-beams during installation. Running down the center of the feedthrough is a 1Ó diameter rodthat is supported at a swivel washer at the flange and then supports the I-beam at a clevis. Thegas seal is obtained by Conflat Flange and a bellows that seals around the swivel washer. Thelateral position of the rod can be adjusted to adjust the height of the DSS I-beams.

Detector components will be installed using a shuttle beam system illustrated in Fig. 1.6. The lasttwo columns of feedthroughs (eastern most) will support temporary beams that run north-south,perpendicular to the main DSS beams. A shuttle beam will have trolleys mounted to it and willtransverse north-south until aligned with the required row of DSS beam. The last APA or CPAin a row is supported by the shuttle beam which is bolted directly to the feedthroughs once it isin place. As the last CPA or APA in each row is installed the north-south beams are removed.

There will be a mechanical interlock system that prevents trolleys from passing the end of theshuttle beam unless it is aligned with a corresponding DSS beam. The shuttle beam and eachdetector will be moved using a motorized trolley. A commercially available motorized trolley willbe modified as needed to meet the needs of the installation.




Figure 1.5: 3-D model of the Detector Support System showing the entire structure on the left alongwith one row of APA and CPA/FC at each end. The right panel is a zoomed image showing theconnections between the vertical supports and the horizontal I-beams.

Figure 1.6: 3-D models of the shuttle beam end of the DSS. The figures show how an APA is translatedinto position using he North-South beams until it lines up with the correct row of I-beams.




The DSS installation begins with the placement and alignment of all the feedthroughs onto theflanges that are mounted to the warm vessel. There are 25 feedthroughs per row and five rows fora total of 125 feedthroughs. A fixture with a tooling ball will be attached to the clevis of eachfeedthrough. The XY position in the horizontal plane and the vertical Z position of this toolingball will be defined. A survey will be performed to determine the location of each tooling ballcenter and XY and Z adjustments will be made to get the tooling ball centers to within ±3mm.The 6.4m long I-beams will then be raised and pinned to the clevis. Each beam weights roughly350 lbs. A lifting tripod will be placed over each of the feedthroughs supporting a beam and a1/4′′ cable will be fed through the top flange of the feedthrough down the 14m to the cryostatfloor where it will be attached to the I-beam. The winches on each tripod will raise the beam inunison in order to get it to the correct height to be pinned to the feedthrough clevis. Once thebeams are mounted a final survey of the beams will occur to ensure they are located and alignedto each other properly.

A mock up of the shuttle system will be constructed to test the mechanical interlock and drivesystems for the shuttle beam for each detector. Tests will be conducted to evaluate the level ofmisalignment between beams that can be tolerated and the amount of positional control that canbe achieved with the motorized trolley. It is expected this will be finished prior to the TDR. Atthe time of the TDR a larger prototype installation at Ash River will be under construction. Thisprototype will use full scale elements and will be used to develop the installation procedures andto also test the detector installation process.



Glossary 1–32

Glossary

anode plane assembly (APA) One unit the SP detector containing the elements sensitive to ac-tivity in the LAr. It contains two faces each of three planes of wires, cold electronics andphoto detection system.. 24, 26–30

cathode plane assembly (CPA) . 24, 26, 28–30

dual-phase (DP) Distinguishes one of the four 10 kt detector modules of the DUNE far detectorby the fact that it operates using argon in both gas and liquid phases.. 2, 24, 27

DUNE Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment. 2–8, 10–16, 21–24, 27

far detector (FD) Refers to the detector or more generally the experimental site in or above theHomestake mine in Lead, SD. 3, 4

LArTPC liquid argon time-projection chamber. 2

LAr liquid argon. 28, 29

LBNF Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility. 3, 4, 6–8, 10–13, 15, 22, 23

near detector (ND) Refers to the detectors or more generally the experimental site at Fermilab.3

ProtoDUNE Two prototype detectors operated in a CERN beam test. One prototyping SP andthe other DP technology. 4, 5, 20, 21, 27

single-phase (SP) Distinguishes one of the four 10 kt detector modules of the DUNE far detectorby the fact that it operates using argon in just its liquid phase.. 2, 24, 27



REFERENCES 1–33

References

[1] DOE Office of High Energy Physics, “Mission Need Statement for a Long-Baseline NeutrinoExperiment (LBNE),” tech. rep., DOE, 2009. LBNE-doc-6259.



dune tdr deep underground neutrino experiment (dune) · detector and to deliver the common...

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