e learning and m learning

7/30/2019 E Learning and M Learning

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rozinah Jamaludin

15 September 2008


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Topic of discussionWhat is e-learning?

What is m-learning?


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E-learning A structured, purposeful use of electronic systems or

computers in support of the learning process.

Covers a wide set of applications and processes, such asWeb-based learning, computer-based learning, virtualclassrooms and digital collaboration. It includes thedelivery of content via Internet, intranet/extranet(LAN/WAN), audio and videotape, satellite broadcast,

interactive TV, and CD-ROM. (American Society forTraining and Development 2001)


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e-Learning Electronic learning (or e-Learning or eLearning) is a

type of education where the medium of instruction iscomputer technology. No in-person interaction may take

place in some instances. E-learning is used interchangeablyin a wide variety of contexts. In companies, it refers to thestrategies that use the company network to deliver trainingcourses to employees


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Growth of e-learning By 2006, nearly 3.5 million students were participating

in on-line learning at institutions of higher educationin the United States.Many higher education, for-profitinstitutions, now offer on-line classes

Today many technologies can be, and are, used in e-Learning, from blogs to collaborative software,

ePortfolios, andvirtual classrooms. Most eLearningsituations use combinations of the these techniques.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPortfoliohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPortfolio


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Along with the terms learning technology,instructional technology, and Educational Technology,the term is generally used to refer to the use oftechnology in learning in a much broader sense thanthe computer-based training or Computer AidedInstruction of the 1980s. It is also broader than theterms Online Learning or Online Education whichgenerally refer to purely web-based learning.


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E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning andflexible learning, but can also be used in conjunctionwith face-to-face teaching, in which case the term

Blended learning is commonly used. E-Learningpioneer Bernard Luskin argues that the "E" must beunderstood to have broad meaning if e-Learning is tobe effective. Luskin says that the "e" should be

interpreted to mean exciting, energetic, enthusiastic,emotional, extended, excellent, and educational inaddition to "electronic" that is a traditional nationalinterpretation.


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Communication technologies used in e-learning Communication technologies are generally

categorized as asynchronous or synchronous.Asynchronous activities use technologies such asblogs,wikis, and discussion boards.

Electronic mail (Email) is also asynchronous in thatmail can be sent or received without having both theparticipants involvement at the same time.


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Synchronousactivities involve the exchange of ideasand information with one or more participants duringthe same period of time. A face to face discussion is anexample of synchronous communications.Synchronous activities occur with all participantsjoining in at once, as with an online chat session or avirtual classroom or meeting.


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E-Learning 2.0 The term e-Learning 2.0 is used to refer to new ways of

thinking about e-learning inspired by the emergenceofWeb 2.0. From an e-Learning 2.0 perspective,conventional e-learning systems were based oninstructional packets that were delivered to studentsusing Internet technologies. The role of the studentconsisted in learning from the readings and preparingassignments. Assignments were evaluated by theteacher.


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In contrast, the new e-learning places increasedemphasis on social learning and use ofsocial softwaresuch as blogs, wikis, podcasts and virtual worlds such

as Second Life. This phenomenon has also beenreferred to as Long Tail Learning.

E-learning 2.0, by contrast (patterned after Web 2.0) isbuilt around collaboration. e-learning 2.0 assumes that

knowledge (as meaning and understanding) is sociallyconstructed. Learning takes place throughconversations about content and grounded interactionabout problems and actions.


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Some other terms frequently interchanged with e-Learninginclude:

online learning

online education

distance education

distance learning

technology-based training web-based training

computer-based training (generally thought of as learningfrom a CD-ROM)


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Types of e-Learning

e-Learning is comes in many variations and often acombination of the following:

Purely online - no face-to-face meetings Blended Learning - combination of online and face-to-face

Synchronous Asynchronous Instructor-led group Self-study

Self-study with subject matter expert Web-based Computer-based (CD-ROM) Video/audio tape


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Delivery Methods

e-Learning is done over the WORLD WIDE WEB or by CD-ROM, and somevariations (distance learning) incorporate traditional media. Here are commondelivery methods used in e-Learning:

Printe-text

textbooks

e-zines

Videostreaming video

video tape

satellite transmission

Cableteleconferencing


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Audiostreaming audio

audio tape

Review and Examselectronic

interactive

paper

CommunicationAsynchronous email

listservs

threaded discussion, weblogs

forums

Synchronous chat

videoconferencing


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Learning Styles

The three predominant learning styles are visual,auditory, and tactile/kinesthetic.

Broken down further, people learn by: Reading (visual)

Listening (auditory)

Seeing (visual)

Speaking (auditory)

Doing (Tactile/Kinesthetic)


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Benefits of E-Learning Features of E-Learning

Learning is self-paced and gives students a chance to speed up or slow down as necessary Learning is self-directed, allowing students to choose content and tools appropriate to their differing

interests, needs, and skill levels

Accommodates multiple learning styles using a variety of delivery methods geared to differentlearners; more effective for certain learners

Designed around the learner

Geographical barriers are eliminated, opening up broader education options

24/7 accessibility makes scheduling easy and allows a greater number of people to attend classes On-demand access means learning can happen precisely when needed

Travel time and associated costs (parking, fuel, vehicle maintenance) are reduced or eliminated

Overall student costs are frequently less (tuition, residence, food, child care)

Potentially lower costs for companies needing training, and for the providers

Fosters greater student interaction and collaboration

Fosters greater student/instructor contact Enhances computer and Internet skills

Draws upon hundreds of years of established pedagogical principles

Has the attention of every major university in the world, most with their own online degrees,certificates, and individual courses


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E-Learning Evaluation

If you learn best by:Look for a course with: Reading e-books, textbooks, and other required reading (writtenlessons are a primary method of delivering curriculum

online) Listening audio lectures or sound bytes to explain concepts

Seeing how things are done graphical demonstrations thatillustrate new ideas

Doing Assignments, quizzes, exams, or practicalapplication examples

Speaking/Communicating email, chat, or threadeddiscussion groups for sharing and feedback


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Benefits of e-Learning

Convenience and Portability Courses are accessible on your schedule Online learning does not require physical attendance Learning is self-paced (not too slow, not too fast)

You're unbound by time - courses are available 24/7 You're unbound by place - study at home, work, or on the road Read materials online or download them for reading later Cost and Selection Choose from a wide range of courses to meet your needs Degree, Vocational, and Certificate programs

Continuing Education Individual courses Wide range of prices to fit your budget Go back to school to get a degree, learn a new skill, learn a new craft, or just

have fun! From art to zoology you can do it all online in a price range to fit your budget


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Benefits ofe-Learning

Higher Retention Online learning will draw you to topics you like and enjoy. Studies show

that because of this and the variety of delivery methods used to reachdifferent types of learners, retention is frequently better than in a

traditional classroom. Greater Collaboration Technology tools make collaboration among students much easier.

Since many projects involve collaborative learning, the onlineenvironment is far easier (and often more comfortable) to work in sincelearners don't have to be face-to-face.

Global Opportunities The global learning community is at your fingertips with online

learning. The technologies used give online instructional designers theability to build in tools that take you to resources you may never see ina traditional classroom.


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Mobile Learning M-learning, or "mobile learning", now commonly

abbreviated to "mLearning", has different meanings fordifferent communities. Although related to e-learning and

distance education, it is distinct in its focus on learningacross contexts and learning with mobile devices. Onedefinition of mobile learning is: Learning that happensacross locations, or that takes advantage of learning

opportunities offered by portable technologies. In otherwords, mobile learning decreases limitation of learninglocation with the mobility of general portable devices.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_learninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_deviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_learninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_learninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_learning


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The term covers: learning with portable technologies,where the focus is on the technology (which could be in afixed location, such as a classroom);

learning across contexts, where the focus is on the mobility

of the learner, interacting with portable or fixedtechnology; and

learning in a mobile society, with a focus on how societyand its institutions can accommodate and support the

learning of an increasingly mobile population that is notsatisfied with existing learning methodologies.


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History 1970s and 1980s

Alan Kayand colleagues in the Learning ResearchGroup at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center [PARC]propose the Dynabook as a book-sized computer torun dynamic simulations for learning. Their interimDynabooks are the first networked workstations.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Kayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Kay


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1990s

Universities in Europe and Asia develop and evaluatemobile learning for students. Palm corporation offersgrants to universities and companies who create andtest the use of mobile learning on the PalmOSplatform. Palm Education Pioneers project.
http://palmgrants.sri.com/http://palmgrants.sri.com/


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2000s

The European Commission funds the major multi-nationalMOBIlearn and M-Learning projects.

Companies were formed that specialise in three core areas ofmobile learning.

Authoring and publishing

Delivery and Tracking

Content Development

Conferences and trade shows were created to specifically deal

with mobile learning and handheld education, including:mLearn, WMUTE, and IADIS Mobile Learning internationalconference series, ICML in Jordan, Mobile Learning inMalaysia, Handheld Learning in London, SALT Mobile inUSA.
http://www.mobilearn.org/http://www.mobilearn.org/


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Scope The scope of mobile learning includes: Children and students using handheld computers, PDAs or handheld voting

systems in a classroom or lecture room. Students using mobile devices in the classroom to enhance group collaboration

among students and instructors using a Pocket PC. On the job training for someone who accesses training on a mobile device "just

in time" to solve a problem or gain an update. Learning in museums or galleries with handheld or wearable technologies Learning outdoors, for example on field trips. The use of personal technology to support informal or lifelong learning, such

as using handheld dictionaries and other devices for language learning.

Improving levels of literacy, numeracy and participation in education amongstyoung adults.

To provide audiovisual support in order to enhance training that has beenprovided in a corporate business or other classroom environment.


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Technologies Most personal technologies can support mobile learning, including Personal Digital Assistant, in the classroom and outdoors Tablet PC UMPC mobile phone, camera phone and SmartPhone Learning Mobile Author, e.g. for authoring and publishingWAP,J2ME

and Smartphone Personal audio player, e.g. for listening to audio recordings of lectures Handheld audio and multimedia guides, in museums and galleries Handheld game console, modern gaming consoles such as Sony PSP or

Nintendo DS/Wii Technical and delivery support for mobile learning:

3GP For compression and delivery method of audiovisual contentassociated with Mobile Learning Wi-Fi gives access to instructors and resources via internet GPRS mobile data service, provides high speed connection and data

transfer rate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SmartPhonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SmartPhone


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Challenges

Technical challenges include: Connectivity and battery life

Screen size and key size

Ability for authors to visualize mobile phones for delivery

Multiple standards, multiple screen sizes, multipleoperating systems

Repurposing existing e-Learning materials for mobileplatforms


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Thank you.


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Social and educational challenges include: Accessibility and cost barriers for end users: Digital divide.

How to assess learning outside the classroom

How to support learning across many contexts

Developing an appropriate theory of learning for themobile age

Design of technology to support a lifetime of learning

Tracking of results and proper use of this information

No restriction on learning timetable Personal and private information and content

No demographical boundary
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_dividehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide

e learning and m learning

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