최종보고서

관광공급지표 개발 연구

2007. 3

제 출 문

문화관광부 장관 귀하

본 보고서를 「관광공급지표 개발 연구」의

최종보고서로 제출합니다.

2007년 3월

한국문화관광연구원

원장 송 재 호

목 차

제1장 연구 개요

제1절 연구 배경 및 목적 ············································································· 3

1. 연구 배경 ···························································································· 3

2. 연구 목적 ······························································································ 4

제2절 연구 범위 및 방법 ··············································································· 5

1. 연구 범위 ······························································································ 5

2. 연구 방법 ······························································································ 6

3. 연구 수행체계 ························································································ 7

제3절 연구 기대효과 ······················································································ 9

제2장 관광환경 변화와 지표 개발

제1절 기본방향 ·························································································· 13

제2절 관광개발 여건 변화 분석 ································································ 14

1. 일반 환경 ···························································································· 14

2. 관광시장 변화 ······················································································ 19

3. 시사점 ································································································· 29

제3절 관광정책 변화 분석 ········································································· 30

1. 시대적 변화 ························································································· 30

2. 시사점 ································································································· 33

제4절 관광공급지표 개발 필요성 ······························································· 34

제3장 관련 지표 개념 및 조사 방법

제1절 관광지표 개념 ················································································· 37

1. 지표 개념 ···························································································· 37

2. 지표 관련 개념 ···················································································· 38

3. 관광지표 개념 ······················································································ 39

제2절 세부 관광공급지표 개념 및 연구동향 ··············································· 43

1. 계획일 집중률 ······················································································· 43

2. 동시체재율 ···························································································· 46

3. 원단위 ·································································································· 50

4. 이용률 ·································································································· 53

제3절 관광공급지표 조사 방법 ··································································· 55

1. 1차 자료 조사 방법 ·············································································· 55

2. 2차 자료 조사 방법 ·············································································· 57

3. 본 연구에서 활용 가능한 조사 방법 ······················································· 57

제4장 해외 관광개발 지표 운영 현황

제1절 일본 ·································································································· 61

1. 관광지표 개발 환경 변화 ······································································· 61

2. 지표 개발 항목 ····················································································· 63

3. 지표 개발 현황 ····················································································· 69

제2절 미국 ·································································································· 75

1. 관광지표 개발 환경 변화 ······································································· 75

2. 지표 개발 항목 ····················································································· 75

3. 지표 개발 현황 ····················································································· 77

4. 지표 조사 방법 ····················································································· 79

제3절 호주 및 UNWTO ············································································· 80

1. 호주 ····································································································· 80

2. UNWTO ··························································································· 84

제4절 시사점 ······························································································· 85

제5장 관광공급규모 산정 방법

제1절 수요예측 ···························································································· 89

1. 의의 및 개념 ·························································································· 89

2. 방법 ····································································································· 90

제2절 공급규모산정 ······················································································ 96

1. 의의 및 개념 ·························································································· 96

2. 방법 ····································································································· 97

제6장 관광공급지표 조사 및 분석 결과

제1절 조사 개요 ·························································································· 107

1. 조사 목적 ····························································································· 107

2. 조사 과정 ····························································································· 108

3. 조사 실시 및 결과 분석 ········································································ 118

제2절 계획일 집중률 ···················································································· 119

1. 조사 개요 ··························································································· 119

2. 조사 분석 ····························································································· 123

3. 분석 결과 보정 ··················································································· 163

4. 계획일 집중률 제시 ··············································································· 164

5. 계획일 집중률 활용 ············································································· 165

6. 계획일 집중률 적용 예시 ······································································· 166

제3절 동시체재율 ························································································· 169

1. 조사 개요 ··························································································· 169

2. 조사 분석 ····························································································· 175

3. 분석 결과 보정 ··················································································· 197

4. 동시체재율 제시 ···················································································· 198

5. 동시체재율 활용 ·················································································· 199

6. 동시체재율 적용 예시 ··········································································· 200

제4절 원단위 ······························································································· 201

1. 조사 개요 ··························································································· 201

2. 조사 분석 ····························································································· 210

3. 분석 결과 보정 ··················································································· 277

4. 원단위 제시 ·························································································· 281

5. 원단위 활용 ························································································ 285

6. 원단위 적용 예시 ·················································································· 286

제5절 이용률 ······························································································· 292

1. 조사 개요 ··························································································· 292

2. 주차장 이용률 ······················································································· 294

3. 화장실 이용률 ····················································································· 311

제7장 시뮬레이션

제1절 관광공급지표별 적정성 검토 ································································ 323

1. 개요 ····································································································· 323

2. 적정성 검토 분석 및 결과 ····································································· 325

제2절 계획별 적정성 검토 ·············································································· 337

1. 권역별 관광개발계획 적정성 검토 ···························································· 337

2. 관광(단)지 개발계획 적정성 검토 ···························································· 343

제8장 관광공급지표 적용 방향

제1절 활용 방안 ·························································································· 351

1. 관광공급지표 적용 범위 ········································································· 351

2. 관광공급지표 적용 예시 ········································································· 356

제2절 홍보 방향 ·························································································· 390

1. 기본방향 ······························································································· 390

2. 홍보 주체 및 대상 ················································································ 390

3. 홍보 내용 및 수단 ················································································ 391

4. 홍보 활성화 방안 ················································································ 393

제3절 관리 방안 ·························································································· 394

1. 기본방향 ····························································································· 394

2. 효율적 관리 방안 ·················································································· 394

▮ 참고문헌 ················································································································· 399

▮ 고 시 안 ················································································································· 405

▮ 부 록 ·················································································································· 419

표 목차

일반환경 변화 ·········································································· 14

인구수 변화와 관광지 개소수 ··················································· 16

국내여행 경험률 ······································································· 19

국내여행 참가 횟수 ·································································· 19

1인 평균 국내여행 일수 ·························································· 21

월별 국내여행 경험률 ······························································· 22

주 40시간 근무제 실시 전과 후 휴가철 변경 의사 ················· 23

향후 관광행태 변화 ·································································· 27

시대별 관광개발 정책 변화 ······················································ 32

지표의 의미를 가지는 용어들 ··················································· 38

각종 지표 중 관광 관련 지표 ·················································· 40

관광에서의 지표의 유형 구분 ··················································· 41

최대일률 연구동향 ···································································· 46

동시체재율 연구동향 ································································· 49

원단위의 구분 및 개념 ······························································· 51

원단위 연구동향 ········································································· 52

관광공급지표별 연구 방법 ························································ 58

일본 관광환경 변화 비교 ························································· 62

연도별 관광개발 지표 대상 변화 ·············································· 64

단일관광시설 지표 항목 ··························································· 66

복합관광시설 지표 항목과 내용 ················································ 67

관광지주)의 지표 항목과 내용 ··················································· 68

1961년 관광지표 개발 현황 ··················································· 69

관광․레크레이션 지구 공간원단위 ·············································· 70

공간시설 원단위 ······································································· 71

단일관광시설 공간지표 ····························································· 72

단일관광시설 경영지표 ··························································· 73

복합관광시설 지표 현황 ························································· 74

관광지 지표 현황 ··································································· 74

Boating 개발 지표 항목 ······················································· 75

호수 위락 지표 개발 구성요소 ················································· 76

농촌 및 문화관광개발 지표 개발 구성요소 ······························· 76

테마파크 공급 기준 ·································································· 77

레크레이션 시설 공급 기준 ······················································ 77

구성요소별 내용 ······································································· 78

실내 활동 시설 기준 ································································ 78

관광개발 지표 ·········································································· 82

방문객 지표 항목 ····································································· 83

세계관광기구(UNWTO) 관광공급 결정 기준 ·························· 84

세계관광기구(UNWTO) 지속가능한 관광 지표인자 ················ 84

해외사례 시사점 ······································································· 85

수요의 개념 ············································································· 90

수용력에 영향을 미치는 요소 ················································· 101

자연자원을 활용한 시설의 원단위 ·········································· 102

공급규모 산정방식별 특징 비교 ·············································· 103

관광개발 관련법에 의한 관광자원 및 시설 분류 ···················· 111

보유자원의 유형 분류기준 ······················································ 113

이용행태의 유형 분류기준 ······················································ 114

보유자원 및 이용행태에 의한 관광자원 및 시설 유형 분류 ···· 114

개발유형별 대표 시설 및 특성 ··············································· 115

각 지표별 조사대상지 선정기준 ·············································· 116

자원유형 분류 ······································································ 121

계획일 집중률 조사대상지 ······················································ 122

최대일 집중률 분석 ······························································ 125

백분위 100~96별 집중일률 분석 ······································ 125

연간 상위 5% 평균 집중일률 분석 ····································· 126

연 평균 집중일률 분석 ························································ 126

자원유형별 계절형 분석 ························································· 126

적정 계획일 집중률 분석 ······················································· 127

‘계획일 집중률’입지에 따른 분석 ······································· 127

단풍자원, 어린이날 등에 따른 변화 분석 ···························· 127

조사대상지별 3개년('02년 ~'04년) 평균 최대일 집중률 ·· 129

3.33% 이상의 조사대상지 최대일 이용 현황 ····················· 133

백분위별 산출기준 및 의미 ···················································· 134

백분위 100~96별 집중일률 ············································ 134

백분위별 집중일률 비교분석 ················································ 138

연간 상위 5% 평균 집중일률 ············································· 138

연 평균 집중일률 ································································ 141

계획일 집중률 분석의 종합 ·················································· 144

계절별 이용객수에 따른 백분율 ··········································· 145

각 군집의 케이스 수와 계절별 백분율 수 ···························· 150

계절형별 조사대상지 ···························································· 150

계절형별 특성 ······································································ 151

입지적 유형 분류 ································································ 156

단풍자원 집중일률 비교분석 ················································ 157

계획일 ․ 최대일 집중률 편차분석 ········································· 158

계획일 ․ 최대일 집중률 비교분석 ········································· 160

계절형별 계획일 집중률 최대값(안) ····································· 160

계절형별 계획일 집중률 최소값(안) ····································· 161

계절형별 계획일 집중률 단일값(안) ····································· 161

계절형별 자원유형 ······························································· 162

일본과 한국의 계절형별 계획일 집중률 비교 ······················· 163

계절형별 계획일 집중률 ······················································· 165

산악관람형 적용 예시 ·························································· 167

문화유적관람형 적용 예시 ···················································· 168

동시체재율 산정을 위한 조사표(예시) ···································· 171

자원유형 분류 ········································································ 173

동시체재율 조사대상지 ··························································· 174

동시체재율 산정 예시 ···························································· 176

평균체재시간 산정 예시 ························································· 177

선형 회귀분석을 적용한 동시체재율 분석 ······························· 178

로지스틱 회귀분석을 적용한 동시체재율 분석 ························ 178

동시체재율 산정 결과 비교 ···················································· 179

조사대상지 동시체재율 및 평균체재시간 산정 결과(전체) ······ 180

조사대상지 동시체재율 및 평균체재시간 산정 결과(숙박 제외) 184

당일 관광객 대상 조사결과의 선형 회귀분석 ······················· 187

당일 관광객 대상 동시체재율 ·············································· 188

당일 관광객 대상 조사 결과의 로지스틱 회귀분석 ··············· 188

당일 관광객 대상 동시체재율 ·············································· 189

당일 관광객 대상 동시체재율의 분석Ⅰ과 분석Ⅱ 비교 ········ 189

서울어린이대공원 동시체재율 적용 ······································· 190

국립수목원 동시체재율 적용 ················································ 190

유형별 동시체재율 그래프 ···················································· 192

유형별 평균체재시간 ···························································· 195

평균체재시간별 동시체재율 ···················································· 195

유형별 평균체재시간 ···························································· 196

체재시간별 회전율 ······························································· 197

평균체재시간별 동시체재율 ·················································· 198

원단위 구분 및 개념 ······························································ 202

원단위별 조사 내용 ································································ 202

관광자원 및 시설 유형 분류 ·················································· 204

공간원단위 조사대상지 ··························································· 206

시설원단위 조사대상지 ··························································· 207

단위시설원단위 조사대상지 ····················································· 209

유형별 원단위 산정식 ···························································· 212

산악체험형 대상지 개요 ························································· 214

산악체험형 원단위 분석 ························································· 214

산악관람형 대상지 개요 ······················································· 215

산악관람형 원단위 분석 ······················································· 215

산악휴양형 대상지 개요 ······················································· 216

산악휴양형 원단위 분석 ······················································· 217

내수면체험형 대상지 개요 ···················································· 217

내수면체험형 원단위 분석 ···················································· 218

내수면관람형 대상지 개요 ···················································· 218

내수면관람형 원단위 분석 ···················································· 219

해안체험형(해수욕장) 대상지 개요 ······································· 219

해안체험형(해수욕장) 원단위 분석 ······································· 220

해안관람형 대상지 개요 ······················································· 221

해안관람형 원단위 분석 ······················································· 221

동굴관람형 대상지 개요 ······················································· 222

동굴관람형 원단위 분석 ······················································· 222

온천체험형 대상지 개요 ······················································· 223

온천체험형 원단위 분석 ······················································· 223

온천휴양형 대상지 개요 ······················································· 224

온천휴양형 원단위 분석 ······················································· 224

문화유적체험형 대상지 개요 ················································ 225

문화유적체험형 원단위 분석 ················································ 225

문화유적관람형 대상지 개요 ················································ 226

문화유적관람형 원단위 분석 ················································ 226

문화유적휴양형 대상지 개요 ················································ 227

문화유적휴양형 원단위 분석 ················································ 227

단일공간체험형 대상지 개요 ················································ 229

단일공간체험형 원단위 분석 ················································ 231

단일공간관람형 대상지 개요 ················································ 233

단일공간관람형 원단위 분석 ················································ 234

단일공간휴양형 대상지 개요 ················································ 236

단일공간휴양형 원단위 분석 ················································ 236

복합휴양형 대상지 개요 ······················································· 237

복합휴양형 원단위 분석 ······················································· 237

단일시설체험형 대상지 개요 ················································ 238

단일시설체험형 원단위 분석 ················································ 241

단일시설관람형 대상지 개요 ················································ 242

단일시설관람형 원단위 분석 ················································ 244

단일시설휴양형 원단위 분석 ················································ 246

관광안내소 원단위 분석 ······················································· 250

관리사무소 원단위 분석 ······················································· 250

주차장 원단위 분석 ····························································· 251

화장실 원단위 분석 ····························································· 252

공동취사시설 원단위 분석 ···················································· 254

급수대 원단위 분석 ····························································· 254

폐기물처리시설의 규모 ························································· 255

건축물의 용도별 오수발생량 산정기준 ·································· 256

매점 원단위 분석 ································································ 267

관광식당업 원단위 분석 ······················································· 258

공원 원단위 분석 ································································ 259

공원별 설치기준 및 규모 ····················································· 259

광장 원단위 분석 ································································ 260

잔디관장 원단위 분석 ·························································· 261

산림욕장 원단위 분석 ·························································· 261

청소년수련시설 원단위 분석 ················································ 262

온실 원단위 분석 ································································ 263

야영장 원단위 분석 ····························································· 263

야외공원장 원단위 분석 ······················································· 264

어린이놀이터 원단위 분석 ···················································· 265

조경휴게소 원단위 분석 ······················································· 265

전망대 원단위 분석 ····························································· 266

눈썰매장 원단위 분석 ·························································· 267

수영장 원단위 분석 ····························································· 267

다목적운동장 원단위 분석 ···················································· 268

체력단련시설 원단위 분석 ···················································· 268

공간원단위 분석 결과 ·························································· 272

시설원단위 분석 결과 ·························································· 274

단위시설원단위 분석 결과 ···················································· 276

공간원단위 한국 ․ 일본 비교 ··············································· 278

시설원단위 한국 ․ 일본 비교 ··············································· 279

단위시설원단위 한국 ․ 일본 비교 ········································· 279

자원유형 분류 원단위 전문가 조사 결과 ······························ 280

공간원단위 ··········································································· 281

시설원단위 ··········································································· 282

단위시설원단위 ···································································· 283

폐기물처리시설의 규모 ························································· 283

건축물의 용도별 오수발생량 산정기준 ·································· 284

이용률 개념 ··········································································· 292

조사대상별 이용률 조사 내용 ················································· 293

주차장 이용률 조사대상지 ······················································ 294

교통수단 분담률 ····································································· 297

대상지별 소형 및 대형주차장 이용률 ····································· 298

북한산 국립공원 이용률별 주차가능 비율 ······························· 299

용문산 관광지 이용률별 주차가능 비율 ·································· 300

산정호수 관광지 이용률별 주차가능 비율 ······························· 301

고석정 관광지 이용률별 주차가능 비율 ·································· 302

만장굴 관광지 이용률별 주차가능 비율 ································ 303

태종대 관광지 이용률별 주차가능 비율 ································ 304

성기동 관광지 이용률별 주차가능 비율 ································ 305

우수영 관광지 이용률별 주차가능 비율 ································ 306

영주선비촌 이용률별 주차가능 비율 ····································· 307

간현 관광지 이용률별 주차가능 비율 ··································· 308

이용률별 주차장 주차가능대수 비율 ····································· 310

화장실 이용률 조사대상지 ···················································· 311

대상지별 화장실 이용률 ······················································· 313

용문산 관광지 이용률별 화장실 이용객수 비율 ···················· 314

성류굴 이용률별 화장실 이용객수 비율 ································ 315

우수영 관광지 이용률별 화장실 이용객수 비율 ···················· 316

영주선비촌 이용률별 화장실 이용객수 비율 ························· 316

태종대 관광지 이용률별 화장실 이용객수 비율 ···················· 318

이용률별 화장실 이용객수 비율 ··········································· 319

지표별 적정성 검토 조사 내용 ··············································· 324

지표별 적정성 검토 대상지 ···················································· 324

계획일 집중률 ········································································ 327

계획일 집중률 시뮬레이션 분석 내용 ····································· 329

평균체재시간별 동시체재율 ····················································· 330

동시체재율 시뮬레이션 분석 내용 ·········································· 331

자원유형별 원단위 ·································································· 333

원단위 적정성 검토 분석 내용 ··············································· 334

지표별 적정성 검토 ································································ 336

관광지 적정성 검토 조사대상지 ·············································· 344

기존 지표 적용 공급면적 산출 ··············································· 345

관광(단)지 적정성 검토Ⅱ 분석 내용 ····································· 347

실제 개발면적, 기존․신규 공급면적 비교분석 ························· 348

자원유형 분류 ········································································ 357

관광수요 자원유형 분류와 이용행태 비율(예시) ····················· 360

관광행태와 「◯◯권」 관광자원 유형 비교 ·························· 361

관광수요에 따른 관광공급지표와 수요규모(면적) ···················· 365

「◯◯권」의 관광자원 분석 ··················································· 365

「◯◯권」의 관광공급능력 산정 ············································· 366

관광수요에 따른 관광수요규모 ················································ 367

「◯◯권」의 관광공급규모 ····················································· 367

「◯◯권」관광자원 수요․공급 비교 분석 ································ 367

개발여건 분석(온천휴양형 예시) ·········································· 369

개발여건 분석(해안관람형 예시) ·········································· 376

단위시설원단위 ···································································· 385

주차장 이용률별 주차장 주차가능대수 비율 ························· 386

화장실 이용률별 화장실 이용객수 비율 ································ 388

그림 목차

[그림 1-1-1] 연구 수행체계도 ··································································· 7

[그림 1-1-2] 연구 수행과정도 ··································································· 8

[그림 2-1-1] 관광환경 분석 기본방향 ······················································· 13

[그림 2-2-1] 주5일 근무제 실시 전후 주말여행 적정 이동시간 변화 ······· 18

[그림 2-2-2] 주5일 근무제 실시 전후 주말여행 적정 이동거리 변화 ······· 18

[그림 2-2-3] 국내여행시 주로 이용하는 숙박시설 ····································· 20

[그림 2-2-4] 농어촌 지역 주요 숙박시설(1순위) ······································ 20

[그림 2-2-5] 1인 평균 국내여행 비용(1997년~2004년) ······················ 21

[그림 2-2-6] 월별 국내 당일여행 참가횟수(2001년, 2005년) ·············· 22

[그림 2-2-7] 주말 국내여행 선호 프로그램 및 활동 ································· 25

[그림 2-2-8] 주말여행 프로그램 활용수요와 개발제공 가능성 ··················· 26

[그림 2-2-9] 관광시장 변화 ····································································· 28

[그림 3-2-1] 계획일 집중률 적용 과정 ····················································· 43

[그림 3-2-2] 계획일 집중률 산정도 ·························································· 44

[그림 3-2-3] 동시체재율 적용 과정 ·························································· 47

[그림 3-2-4] 동시체재율과 평균체재시간과의 회귀관계 ····························· 48

[그림 3-2-4] 원단위 적용 과정 ································································ 50

[그림 4-1-1] 일본 관광환경 변화 ····························································· 62

[그림 4-1-2] 일본 관광개발 지표 대상 변화 ············································ 63

[그림 4-1-3] 일본 관광개발 지표 항목 변화 ············································ 65

[그림 4-1-4] 복합관광시설 공간 운영 지표 ·············································· 67

[그림 4-1-5] 관광지 지표 항목 ································································ 68

[그림 4-2-1] 원단위 사진 조사 방법 Ⅰ ··················································· 79

[그림 4-2-2] 원단위 사진 조사 방법 Ⅱ ··················································· 79

[그림 4-3-1] 호주의 자원유형 분류 ·························································· 81

[그림 5-1-1] 국제 관광수요예측 체계도 ··················································· 91

[그림 5-1-2] 국내 관광수요예측 체계도(행정단위별) ································ 93

[그림 5-1-3] 관광지 수요예측 체계도 ······················································· 94

[그림 5-2-1] 공급규모 산정 방법 ····························································· 97

[그림 5-2-2] 공급지표를 활용한 산정식 ··················································· 98

[그림 5-2-3] 제반 평가방법을 통한 규모 산정 ········································· 100

[그림 6-1-1] 조사 과정 ············································································ 108

[그림 6-2-1] 계획일 집중률 분석 과정도 ················································· 123

[그림 6-2-2] 계절형별 월별 이용객수 그래프(예시) ································· 145

[그림 6-2-3] 계획일 집중률 그래프의 계획수준 ········································ 152

[그림 6-2-4] 그래프 유형별 계획수준 ······················································· 153

[그림 6-2-5] 로그추세선 적용 그래프 ······················································· 155

[그림 6-2-6] 주왕산 ․ 내장산 국립공원 일별 이용객수 그래프 ················· 157

[그림 6-2-7] 단풍자원 집중일률 비교분석 ················································ 158

[그림 6-2-8] 동물원 ․ 유원시설 일별 이용객수 그래프 ····························· 159

[그림 6-3-1] 동시 최대 이용객수 산정 그래프(예시) ······························· 171

[그림 6-3-2] 동시체재율 분석 과정도 ······················································· 175

[그림 6-3-3] 당일 관광객 조사 결과 분산그래프(선형 회귀분석) ············· 187

[그림 6-3-4] 당일 관광객 조사 결과 분산그래프(로지스틱 회귀분석) ······· 188

[그림 6-4-1] 원단위 분석 과정 ································································ 211

[그림 6-4-2] 원단위 분포 개념도 ····························································· 213

[그림 6-4-3] 농구장 설계기준 ·································································· 269

[그림 6-4-4] 축구장 설계기준 ·································································· 270

[그림 6-4-5] 배드민턴장 설계기준 ···························································· 271

[그림 6-4-6] 배구장 설계기준 ·································································· 271

[그림 6-4-7] 원단위 범위값 활용 ····························································· 285

[그림 6-4-8] 유형Ⅰ-1의 적용 예시 ························································· 286

[그림 6-4-9] 유형Ⅰ-2의 적용 예시 ························································· 287

[그림 6-4-10] 유형Ⅰ-3의 적용 예시 ······················································· 288

[그림 6-4-11] 유형Ⅱ-1의 적용 예시 ······················································· 289

[그림 6-4-12] 유형Ⅱ-2의 적용 예시 ······················································· 290

[그림 6-4-13] 유형Ⅱ-3의 적용 예시 ······················································· 291

[그림 6-5-1] 이용률 분석 과정 ································································ 294

[그림 6-5-2] 주차장 이용률 분석 방법 ····················································· 295

[그림 6-5-3] 화장실 이용률 분석 방법 ····················································· 312

[그림 7-1-1] 계획일 집중률 적정성 검토 분석 방법 ································· 326

[그림 7-1-2] 동시체재율 적정성 검토 분석 방법 ······································ 326

[그림 7-1-3] 원단위 적정성 검토 분석 방법 ············································ 327

[그림 7-2-1] 기존 권역별 관광수급분석 ··················································· 337

[그림 7-2-2] 관광권역개발계획 관광수급분석 순서도 ································ 342

[그림 7-2-3] 관광(단)지 적정성 검토 분석 방법 ······································ 344

[그림 8-1-1] 관광공급지표 활용 방안 ······················································· 351

[그림 8-1-2] 관광개발의 관광공급지표 적용 예시 흐름도 ························· 356

[그림 8-1-3] 권역개발계획의 관광공급지표 적용 순서도 ··························· 358

[그림 8-1-4] 자원유형별 관광수요 결정 과정 ··········································· 360

[그림 8-1-5] 계획일 집중률 선정 과정 ····················································· 362

[그림 8-1-6] 동시체재율 선정 과정 ·························································· 363

[그림 8-1-7] 공간원단위 선정 과정 ·························································· 364

[그림 8-1-8] 관광(단)지 개발계획 관광공급지표 적용 순서도(공급규모 미정일 경우) 368

[그림 8-1-9] 자원유형 선정(온천휴양형 예시) ·········································· 370

[그림 8-1-10] 계획일 집중률 선정 과정(온천휴양형 예시) ······················ 371

[그림 8-1-11] 동시체재율 선정 과정(온천휴양형 예시) ···························· 372

[그림 8-1-12] 공간원단위 선정 과정(온천휴양형 예시) ···························· 373

[그림 8-1-13] 「◯◯온천」의 관광공급지표 ··········································· 374

[그림 8-1-14] 관광(단)지 개발계획 관광공급지표 적용 순서도(공급규모가 확정된 경우) 375

[그림 8-1-15] 자원유형 선정 과정(해안관람형 예시) ······························· 377

[그림 8-1-16] 계획일 집중률 선정 과정(해안관람형 예시) ······················ 378

[그림 8-1-17] 동시체재율 선정 과정(해안관람형 예시) ···························· 379

[그림 8-1-18] 공간원단위 선정 과정(해안관람형 예시) ···························· 380

[그림 8-1-19] 「◯◯해양」의 관광공급지표 ··········································· 381

[그림 8-1-20] 「◯◯해양」관광개발계획의 관광공급지표 및 수요예측 추계 382

[그림 8-2-1] 홍보 주체 및 대상 ······························································ 391

[그림 8-2-2] 관광공급지표 홍보 방향 ······················································ 393

[그림 8-2-3] 관광공급지표 관리 방안 ······················································ 396

1. 연구 배경 및 목적

2. 연구 범위 및 방법

3. 연구 기대효과

연구 개요 1

제1장 연구 개요 • 3

제1절 연구 배경 및 목적

1. 연구 배경

❏ 지역활성화의 주요 전략으로서 관광개발에 대한 관심 증대

○ 우리나라는 정부주도의 경제성장 전략이 지역간 불균형 현상과 국토 이용

효율성 저하 등의 문제를 야기함에 따라 이러한 문제를 해소하기 위해

국가균형발전특별법, 지방분권특별법 제정 등 국가균형발전을 위한 여러

추진방안을 구성함

○ 관광산업이 고용 및 부가가치 창출, 지역 이미지 홍보, 지역민의 삶의 질

제고를 달성함에 따라 관광개발은 지역발전을 위한 추진동력으로 각광

받게 되었고 이에 따라 지역 활성화의 방안으로 관광개발이 추진되고

있음

❏ 지자체별 경쟁적 관광개발로 인한 관광자원 공급의 비효율 예상

○ 관광개발이 중앙집권적 개발 정책에서 지방자치단체로 권한이 이양됨에

따라 지방자치단체는 정치적, 경쟁적으로 관광개발을 지역 경제 활성화의

수단으로 수립․추진하고 있음

○ 이러한 지방자치단체의 관광개발 추진은 지역 고유의 특성을 반영한다는

점에서이점을 지니고 있으나, 국토균형개발을 간과함에따라 무분별한개발

및 과다 공급을 야기할 수 있음

❏ 관광자원의 합리적 개발을 위한 표준화된 가이드라인 부재

○ 소득의 증가, 여가시간의 증가 등에 따라 관광수요가 급증하고, 국토

균형발전 및 지역 활성화 수단으로 관광개발 계획이 권역별, 관광(단)지

별로 다양하게 추진되고 있음

○ 그러나, 예측된 관광수요 또는 목표하고자 하는 관광수요에 따른 관광

공급규모를 산정해 줄 수 있는 표준화된 가이드라인이 부재함에 따라

관광수요․공급의 불균형 및 과대․과소 개발 등이 야기됨

4 • 관광공급지표 개발 연구

❏ 국내 관광특성 및 환경을 고려한 관광공급 가이드라인 필요성 증대

○ 현재 우리나라에서 적용되고 있는 관광공급규모 산정 방식은 1960년대

일본에서 개발한 지표를 검증없이 계획가의 의도에 따라 임의적으로

사용하고 있는 실정임

○ 이와 같이 소득의 증대, 주 40시간 근무제 실시, KTX 개통 등 우리나라

관광환경이 변화했음에도 불구하고 40년이 지나도록 일본의 지표를

적용하여현재우리나라의관광환경및관광행태를반영하고있지못하고있음

○ 이에 따라 예측된 관광수요에 따른 관광공급규모 산정에 필요한

표준화된 관광공급지표의 개발이 필요하게 됨

2. 연구 목적

❏ 국내 관광환경의 특성을 반영한 관광공급규모 산정 지표 개발

○ 우리나라는 소득의 증대, 주5일 근무제 실시로 인한 여가 시간 증대,

교통의 발달 등과 같은 사회적 변화에 따라 관광환경이 변화하고 있으며,

다양한 테마형 관광, 자연친화형 관광 등에 대한 선호가 높아지고 있음

○ 또한 뚜렷한 4계절형의 기후적 특성과 수도권 인구 집중현상으로 인한

지리적 편차 등으로 인한 이용객 관광행태가 나타나고 있어 이러한 국내

관광환경의 특성을 고려한 관광공급지표를 개발하고자 함

❏ 관광개발계획별 활용도 높은 가이드라인 제시

○ 관광개발계획은 권역별, 광역별, 시도별, 관광(단)지별 개발계획 등

계획수준별로 추진되고 있으므로 이에 따라 계획가들이 실질적으로

타당하게적용할 수 있는 관광공급규모 산정 가이드라인을 제시하도록 함

○ 관광개발 계획시 숙박시설, 주차장, 화장실 등 편의시설은 관광(단)지를

이용하고자 하는 관광객과 유지관리 측면에서 중요한 역할을 수행하고

있으므로 이를 위한 공급규모 가이드라인을 제시하고자 함

제1장 연구 개요 • 5

제2절 연구 범위 및 방법

1. 연구 범위

❏ 과업 기간

○ 2005년 4월 ～ 2007년 3월(2년)

- 1차년도 : 2005년 4월 ～ 2006년 3월(12개월)

- 2차년도 : 2006년 4월 ～ 2007년 3월(12개월)

❏ 공간적 범위

○ 전국을 대상으로 함

○ 관광자원 및 시설의 설치 관련 10개 법규(관광진흥법, 공중위생관리법,

체육시설의설치및이용에관한법률, 도시공원법, 자연공원법, 청소년활동진

흥법, 노인복지법, 온천법, 농어촌정비법, 도시계획시설의결정구조및설치

기준에관한규칙)에 의한 자원 및 시설 유형을 대상으로 함

❏ 내용적 범위

○ 관광공급지표 개념 정립 및 현황 분석

- 관련 지표 개념

- 관광환경 변화

- 해외 관광개발 지표 운영 현황

- 관광공급규모 산정 방법 및 개선 방안

○ 관광공급지표 조사 분석 및 결과 제시

- 관광자원 및 시설 유형 분류

- 관광공급지표(계획일 집중률, 동시체재율, 원단위, 이용률) 조사 분석 및

결과

- 시뮬레이션을 통한 지표 검증

- 관광공급지표의 활용, 홍보 및 관리 등의 적용 방향

6 • 관광공급지표 개발 연구

2. 연구 방법

❏ 문헌 및 기존 자료 조사․분석

○ 기존에 적용해 온 관광개발 관련 지표를 수집하고 조사․분석하기 위하여

관광자원 및 시설 관련 연구보고서 및 개발계획을 검토함

○ 해외의 공급지표 개발 현황을 파악하기 위하여 국내․외 관광개발 관련

문헌과 자료를 수집하고 조사․분석함

❏ 현장답사 및 실측 조사

○ 수집된 조사대상지의 현황 및 특성에 대한 검토 및 분석을 위하여 현장

답사를 실시하고 현황자료와 실제 개발면적과의 검증을 실시함

○ 조사대상지의 전문적인 조사 및 기초자료의 획득을 위하여 조사협력

기관을 통한 현황조사를 실시함

❏ 전화 및 팩스 조사

○ 지표 개발에 필요한 자료를 수집하기 위하여 조사대상지별 전화 및 팩스

조사를 실시함

❏ 설문조사

○ 조사대상지별 담당자들과의 인터뷰 내용을 조사하고 분석시

참고함으로써 현실을 고려한 지표를 개발하도록 함

○ 전문가 설문조사를 실시하여 조사대상지 선정 및 지표 개발 방향에 대한

의견을 수렴하고 반영함

○ 조사대상지 이용객 혼잡․지각에 대한 만족도 설문조사를 실시하여

원단위 등 지표 산정의 보조 자료로 활용함

○ 이용객 설문조사시 조사대상지 이용목적 및 체재시간 등을 조사함으로써

동시체재율 분석에 반영함

제1장 연구 개요 • 7

3. 연구 수행체계

❏ 수행방법

○ 관광개발계획 수립시 요구되는 적정 관광자원 공급규모 산정에

필요한 지표를 제시하기 위하여 다음과 같은 체계로 연구를 수행함

([그림 1-1-1] 참조)

[그림 1-1-1] 연구 수행체계도

문화관광부

조사협력기관

한국문화관광연구원

(연구수행)

연구심의회(원내)

연구협의회(원외)

관련 전문가 협의

❏ 수행과정

○ 원내 연구심의회와 원외 연구협의회를 거쳐 연구의 방향을 검토하고,

관련 전문가와의 자문회의를 통해 연구 수행의 문제점과 한계점을

파악하고 결과를 검증함

○ 본 연구원의 주도로 조사협력기관의 협조를 받아 현장실측 조사와 설문

조사를 실시함. 수집된 조사결과를 분석하여 관광공급지표를 산정하기

위한 결과를 도출함

○ 지표의 신뢰성과 타당성을 확보하기 위하여 조사협력기관과 워크숍을

개최하고, 개발된 지표(안)의 시뮬레이션 실시, 전문가 협의․심의과정을

거쳐 지표를 보정하여 최종적으로 지표를 제시함

8 • 관광공급지표 개발 연구

[그림 1-1-2] 연구 수행과정도

주요 연구내용

관광공급지표연구 필요성

관광공급지표운영현황 / 개념정립

문제점 파악/지표개발 방안 모색

관광공급지표조사분석 / 제시

결론 도출

관광 환경 변화와관광지표

문헌조사

문헌조사/현장조사

문헌조사/현장실측조사

현장조사 / 분석

관련개념 정의 및연구동향

해외 관광개발지표운영현황

관광공급규모산정방법 분석

관광공급지표별조사 • 분석

관광공급지표(안) 도출

관광공급지표 제시

적용 및 활용방안

연구 목적

연구방법

전문가협의 /시뮬레이션 실시

제1장 연구 개요 • 9

제3절 연구 기대효과

❏ 관광개발 계획시 균형있는 수요․공급 유도

○ 관광개발계획의 수립과정에서 필요한 관광공급규모 산정 가이드라인

제시를 통하여 관광수요 및 관광환경에 부합하는 관광공급이 이루어질 수

있게 됨

○ 관광자원 및 시설의 개발주체, 입지, 계절성 등의 특성을 고려한 지표를

제시하고 관광공급규모를 산정함으로써 과잉․과소 공급을 방지하고

관광수급의 불균형을 해소함

❏ 계획수준별, 계획주체별 관광자원 및 시설의 효율적 개발 도모

○ 관광개발 계획시 권역별, 광역별, 시․도별, 관광(단)지별 계획수준별 관

광수요에 따른 관광공급규모를 산정하고 관광지 재개발 사업, 관광지 평

가 사업 등에 활용함으로써 관광자원 및 시설의 효율적 개발을 도모함

○ 각 지표를 개발주체와 계획목적 등에 따라 계획가가 선택적으로

적용할 수 있도록 개발함으로써 관광공급규모 산정에 있어 획일성을

지양하고 차별성과 탄력성을 확보함

❏ 관광공급규모 산정 연구 추진 계기

○ 국내에서 관광공급규모 산정에 관한 선행연구가 그동안 미흡하였고,

연구된 사례 또한 공원을 대상으로 실시하여 국내 관광자원 및 시설을

대상으로 한 연구는 실질적으로 부재함

○ 이에 본 연구를 계기로 국내 관광자원 및 행태를 반영한 원단위, 계획일

집중률, 동시체재율, 원단위, 이용률 개발을 기초로 하여 지속적 연구와

추진의 계기가 됨

1. 기본방향

2. 관광개발 여건 변화 분석

3. 관광환경 변화 분석

4. 관광공급지표 개발 필요성

관광환경 변화와

지표 개발 2

제2장 관광환경 변화와 지표 개발 • 13

제1절 기본방향

○ 본 장에서는 관광환경 변화를 다각도로 살펴봄으로써 관광개발 추진

방향을 제시하고 이에 따른 관광공급규모 산정 가이드라인의 필요성을

명시하고자 함

○ 관광환경 변화는 크게 관광개발 여건 변화와 관광정책 변화로 나누고

정책 지표로서의 역할을 제시함

- 관광개발 여건은 거시적 측면에서 인구변화, 교통발달, 경제성장 등의

일반환경과 미시적 측면에서 관광수요, 관광공급, 관광행태 등을 분석함

- 관광정책의 변화는 관광정책이 수립된 1960년대부터 현재에 이르기

까지의 관광개발 정책, 관광개발 목표, 관광개발 주체, 관광관련 계획

등을 분석함

[그림 2-1-1] 관광환경 분석 기본방향

관광환경 변화

관광공급지표관광공급지표 개발개발

필요성필요성 제기제기

관광개발 여건 변화 관광정책 변화

일반환경 관광시장

• 정치 / 경제

• 사회 / 문화

• 관광수요

• 관광공급

• 관광행태

• 관광개발 정책

• 관광개발 목표

• 관광개발 주체

• 관광관련 계획

14 • 관광공급지표 개발 연구

제2절 관광개발 여건 변화 분석

1. 일반환경

○ 관광개발이 시작된 1970년대 이후 우리나라는 인구증가, 경제성장,

교통발달, 여가시간 증대 등의 변화가 있었음

○ 인구변화는 1970년 약 3천만 명에서 2005년 약 4천 7백만 명으로

1.5배 증가하였고, 신장은 남․여 평균 1.04배, 체중은 1.13배 증가함.

이는 인구증가에 따른 관광수요의 증가율, 공급규모의 증가와 신체

성장에 따른 필요 공간의 증가를 요구함

○ 1인당 국민 소득(GNI)은 254달러에서 16,291달러로 증가하여 1970년대에

비해 2000년대는 64.14배 성장함

○ 자가용등록대수는 1970년대에 비해 2000년대는 319.35배로 크게 급증함.

또한 1970년대 고속도로의 개통은 전국을 1일 생활권으로, 2004년 KTX

개통은 전국을 반나절 생활권으로 형성하여 지방도시의 경제 활성화를

가져옴

○ 여가시간의 경우 2000년대 주 40시간 근무제 도입으로 인한 주 2일

연휴는 레저, 관광 등에 대한 시간 소비성향의 증가를 불러옴

일반환경 변화

구분 1970년대 2000년대 비율

인구

총인구(명) 30,882,386 47,278,951 1.53

신체

평균키(cm)남자 167.7

주1)남자 173.8

주2)1.04

여자 155.5주1) 여자 160.7주2) 1.03

평균몸무게(kg)남자 61.3주1) 남자 69.5주2) 1.13

여자 52.7주1) 여자 53.5주2) 1.02

경제 1인당 국민소득(GNI,$) 254 16,291 64.14

교통

자가용등록대수(대) 45,578 14,555,187 319.35

교통수단

1968년: 경인고속도로 개통

1970년: 경부․호남 고속도로 개통

1975년: 영동․동해 고속도로 개통

2004년: KTX개통

항공운송의 대중화-

여가시간 주 48시간 근무제 실시 주 40시간 근무제 실시 -

주 : 1. 1979년 자료

2. 2004년 자료

자료 : 총인구, 1인당국민 소득, 자가용등록대수 : 통계청 (1970, 2005)

평균키, 평균몸무게 : 산업자원부 기술표준원(1979, 2004)

제2장 관광환경 변화와 지표 개발 • 15

가. 정치 ․ 경제

❏ GNI 증가와 서비스 산업 발달

○ 우리나라는 생산, 소비, 고용 등 국민 경제에서 서비스 산업이 차지하는

비중이 2000년 50%를 넘어서 서비스 산업이 지속적으로 성장함

○ 정보, 서비스, 콘텐츠와 같은 소프트웨어 산업의 부가가치가 증대함에

따라 신지식의 창출․공유 및 활용, 기획, 유통과 같은 3차 산업의

비중도 증가하여 산업구조의 개편을 가속화시킴

○ 산업구조의 변화와 시장경쟁이 커지면서 신기술과 애프터서비스, 정비

그리고 소프트웨어 등의 동반 서비스들을 집약적으로 연계시키는 복합

서비스 클러스터 단지가 등장하고 있음

○ 서비스 산업은 범위가 광범위하며 각 업종별로 산업적 특성, 성장 잠재력,

경제 기여도 등에 차이가 있으므로 자원의 효율적 활용을 위해 성장

잠재력이 높고 파급효과가 큰 업종을 선정하여 육성하는 것이 바람직함

❏ 지방분권체제와 지역관광개발 활성화

○ 관광산업은 고용 및 부가가치 창출이 높은 산업으로 인적교류를 통한

소비의 지역분산, 지역간 상호이해 증진과 지역화합 및 국민통합에

기여함으로써 국가균형발전에 기여하는 신 성장산업으로 평가되고 있음

○ 또한 지방자치제도가 정착함에 따라 지역경제 활성화와 지역 이미지 홍보

수단으로서 관광산업은 급속도로 진행되고 있음

○ 이에 따라 우리나라는 국가 및 지역발전의 수단으로서 경제자유무역 지구,

기업도시 선정 및 사업 추진, 대규모 관광개발 등 대형 프로젝트를

추진함

- 기업도시유형은 산업교역형, 관광레저형, 지식기반형이 있으며, 관광레저형

기업도시로는 전라북도 무주군, 충청남도 태안군, 전라남도 영암․해남군이

선정됨

- 정부와 지자체 중심의 대규모 관광개발 프로젝트는 영종도 지구를

비롯하여 시화․태안․새만금․군산, 해남․영암 일대 등 대규모

관광레저 단지 조성을 추진 중임

○ 지역관광개발의 활성화는 지역별 특색을 활용한 지역 특화 관광상품 개발

및 소프트 관광 프로그램 개발 필요성을 요구함

16 • 관광공급지표 개발 연구

- 지역 활성화를 위해서는 하드웨어 개발을 지양하고 소프트웨어 중심의

개발, 지역 고유