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Preparation Booklet

E-let Exam

ENGLISH 5

2015

STUDENT´S NAME: _____________________________

ATTENDENCE LIST NUMBER: ___________________

MIDTERM FINAL EXAM

20% 20%

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READING SECTION 1. ART AND CITIES

1. Read and answer the questions.

When we deal with cities we are dealing with life at its most complex and intense. Because this is so, there

is a basic aesthetic limitation on what can be done with cities: a city cannot be a work of art.

We need art, in the arrangement of cities as well as in the other realms of life, to help explain life to us,

to show us meaning, to illuminate the relationship between the life that each of us embodies and the life

outside us. We need art most, perhaps, to reassure us of our own humanity. However, although art and

life are interwoven, they are not the same thing. Confusion between them is, in part, why efforts at city

design are so disappointing. lt is important in arriving at better design strategies and tactics to clear up

this confusion.

Art has its own peculiar forms of order and they are rigorous. Artists, whatever their medium, make

selections from the abounding materials of life and organize these selections into works that are under

the control of the artist. To be sure, the artist has a sense that the demands of the work (i.e. of the

selections of material he has made) control him. The rather miraculous result of this process -if the

selectivity, the organization, and the control are consistent within themselves- can be art. But the essence

of this process is disciplined, highly discriminatory selectivity from life. In relation to the inclusiveness and

the literally endless intricacy of life, art is arbitrary, symbolic and abstracted. That is its value and the

source of its own kind of order and coherence.

To approach a city, or even a city neighborhood, as if it were a larger architectural problem, capable of

being given order by converting it into a disciplined work of art, is to make the mistake of attempting to

substitute art for life.

The results of such profound confusion between art and life are neither art nor life. They are taxidermy.

In its place, taxidermy can be useful and decent craft. However, it goes too far when the specimens put

on display are exhibitions of dead, stuffed cities.

1. The aesthetic limitation on planning cities comes from

a) The complexity of life in cities.

b) The disappointing efforts at city design.

c) Life and artistic confusion.

d) The need for art in the arrangement of cities.

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2. City design has produced disappointing results as a consequence of considering life and art

a) Limited.

b) Contradictory.

c) Different.

d) Similar.

3. In town planning, confusing life and art results in

a) A useful craft.

b) Lifeless cities.

c) Disciplined works of art.

d) Better design strategies.

4. The reason a city cannot be a work of art is because

a) Art is produced by disciplined artists.

b) We need art to explain life to us.

c) We are not sure of our own humanity.

d) Art selects from life while cities are life.

5. With help of art, life can be

a) Interwoven with the cities.

b) Embodied in cities.

c) More meaningful to us.

d) Ordered and coherent.

6. Unlike an artist, a town planner must

a) Deal with life as a whole.

b) Select from life.

c) Live without art.

d) Put specimens on display.

7. The three elements in the process of creating a work of art are

a) Life, selection, and miracle.

b) Discipline, inclusiveness, and selectivity.

c) Selecting, organization, and control.

d) Consistency, selectivity, and essence.

8. Unlike life, art is

a) Literal.

b) Inclusive.

c) Selective.

d) Meaningless.

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9. The author compares taxidermy and town planning to show that town planning

a) Is a useful and decent craft.

b) Can produce dead cities.

c) Should combine art and life.

d) Will confuse cities.

10. The essential message the author wants to convey is that

a) Designing cities is not the same as creating a work of art.

b) Forms of order are out place in cities.

c) Art results from selection and organization of materials.

d) City design is very disappointing because taxonomy influences it.

2. WAR

2. READ CAREFULLY AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

Konrad Lorenz's book On Aggression lends some support to the proposition that social organization is at

least as important as instinct in driving men to make war. However, the book has been misread to mean

that man cannot help fighting in groups against his fellow men. It seems that the view of man as a natural

warrior offers a certain bizarre comfort because it absolves individuals of responsibility for identifying the

specific political, organizational and economic causes of militarism and war. If human beings, males

particularly, have biological urges to slaughter their own species at regular intervals, there is nothing to

be done.

Here we argue that the struggle of domestic, political, economic, and social forces within a nation is the

primary determinant of the national interest. In short, despite what statesmen say and many believe,

foreign policy is more an expression of our own society than a programmed response to what other

nations do. Obviously, outside events play a role in the shaping of the interest, but these events are

filtered through American prisms, The policies that evolve in response to what goes on in Russia, China,

Cuba, or anywhere else, are primarily a reflection of American values.

There is nothing "inevitable" about the way a nation responds to the outside world. The world offers an

infinite variety of plausible threats. Why do some become obsessions and why are others ignored? Is not

the explanation to be found in the internal processes by which a society perceives and handles threats?

1. According to the text, the book on Aggression supports the idea that

a) Man is instinctively aggressive and warlike.

b) Man cannot help making war.

c) Social organization and instinct together drive men to make war.

d) Social organization is more important than instinct in causing wars.

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2. According to the text,

a) The author believes that men are natural warriors.

b) Some people believe men are natural warriors.

c) Lorenz believes men are natural warriors.

d) Statesmen believe men are natural warriors.

3. According to the text, if war is "inevitable", then

a) Man stops fighting his fellow men.

b) Man stops helping his fellow men.

c) Man helps his fellow men.

d) Man fights his fellow men.

4. According to the text, if man is a natural warrior, then,

a) We must identify specific political, organizational and economic causes of war,

b) There can be no solution to the problem of war.

c) He probably feels comfort in his biological urges.

d) We are responsible for identifying the causes of war.

5. The national interest is determined primarily by

a) What statesmen and citizens believe.

b) Programmed responses to other nations' actions.

c) External events.

d) Internal forces.

6. Foreign policy is primarily the result of the internal forces of a nation, according to

a) The author of the article.

b) Lorenz.

c) Men.

d) Many citizens.

7. Outside events, including other nations' actions,

a) Are perceived through American prisms.

b) Directly shape the national interest.

c) Are rarely taken into account.

d) Are determined by reactions to U.S. policies.

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8. According to the text, Lorenz's book has not been

a) Read.

b) Interpreted.

c) Understood.

d) Falsified.

9. Specific foreign policies are an expression of

a) Programmed responses to other nations' actions.

b) Obsessions with real and imaginary threats.

c) Primarily domestic values and characteristics.

d) Inevitable processes which result from interaction with other countries.

10. Lorenz's book has been misread to mean that

a) It is impossible to avoid war.

b) Men do not help to avoid war.

c) Men do not know how to avoid war.

d) it is improbable that war

3. A DAY IN THE LIFE… 3. Read the article and answer the questions. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line on the right of each statement. Ben Turner is a London taxi driver. He is this year’s winner of the “Driver of the Year” award. In this week’s article he tells us what a day in the life of a London taxi driver is like. What is a typical day like for you? I always get up early, at about 6 am, so that I can catch the morning rush to work. I get a lot of passengers then. Is the morning a good time of a day for your job? Well, it’s not bad, but there’s always a lot of traffic at that time so journeys take a long time. At night it’s not so bad. It’s quiet and peaceful because there are no buses or trains after midnight. I get a lot of work then. Sometimes, I have to drive out of London. Do you work all day? No. I stop for lunch and have an afternoon sleep. Then I go back to work at about 5. At about 2 or 3 am I go back to bed. I suppose I have a strange routine. Do you enjoy being a taxi driver? Oh, yes! You meet all kinds of people, even famous people. Sometimes passengers are rude but they are usually interesting and I like to talk to them.

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1. Ben is a taxi driver in: __________

a) Manchester b) London c) England 2. Ben has breakfast at 6 am. __________

a) True b) False c) No Information 3. Ben gets a lot of passengers in the morning __________

a) True b) False c) No Information 4. There’s always a lot of traffic at night. __________

a) True b) False c) No Information 5. People usually travel by bus or train after midnight. __________

a) True b) False c) No Information 6. Ben sometimes has to ____ passengers out of London. __________

a) Walk b) Catch c) Drive 7. Ben has an evening meal at 8 pm. __________

a) True b) False c) No Information 8. Ben goes to bed at 1 o’clock in the morning. __________

a) True b) False c) No Information

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4. FOOD FIGHT!

READ THE ARTICLE. THEN READ IT AGAIN AND CHOOSE THE WORD OR PHRASE THAT CORRECTLY

COMPLETES EACH SENTENCE.

Food Fight!

On the fourth

Wednesday of August,

about 3,000 people

gather in the Spanish

town of Buñol,

approximately 50 km

west of Valencia, for

the biggest food fight in

the world.

The food fight is called “La Tomatina,” and the tradition goes back more than

sixty years. It began on a Wednesday in August of 1945 when a fight broke

out between two people in the town square. Other people were quickly

involved in the fight. Some people took tomatoes from a nearby vegetable

stand and started throwing them. Soon everyone was throwing them. The

police had to break up the fight.

One year later, many people still remembered the big tomato fight. They met

at the square again, and this time they brought their own tomatoes. There

was a similar fight, and again it was stopped by the police.

In the years that followed, people continued to meet in the town square with

tomatoes. The fight was illegal, but it remained popular. In 1959, the town

legalized the fight and set rules to follow:

Tomatoes must be crushed before they are thrown.

You’re not allowed to throw anything except tomatoes.

The fight begins at 11:00 am and ends at 1:00 pm. No tomatoes may

be thrown before or after these times.

You may not tear anyone’s clothes.

1. La Tomatina is a historical / harvest / religious holiday.

2. The fight is held in the town square / a vegetable market / Valencia.

3. La Tomatina is a fight between two people / between the people and the police / involving a large

group of people.

4. Now La Tomatina is accepted / illegal / ignored by the police.

5. You should / have to / can’t crush the tomatoes before you throw them.

6. Eating / Throwing / Making tomatoes is an important part of La Tomatina.

7. In the past, the police started / stopped / arrested the tomato fights.

8. You can throw only tomatoes / any vegetable / all kinds of food at La Tomatina

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5. "The evolution of the banana, star of the Western fruit bowl" By Rosie Mestel

Read the text and choose the correct answer. Did you hear? The genome of the banana has been sequenced, an important development in scientist's efforts to produce better bananas. A look at that genome has revealed curious things, said Pat Heslop-Harrison, a plant geneticist at the University of Leicester in England who was a coauthor of the report published this week in the journal Nature. For example, there are regions of the banana genome that don't seem to be involved in making proteins but are shared by many different species of plants, far beyond bananas. What, he wonders, are they doing? There are remnants of bits of banana streak virus spliced into the banana genome (too broken-up to cause disease, however). There are whole sets of DNA repeats that plants normally have but bananas do not. And, intriguingly, three times since this genus of giant herbs took an evolutionary turn away from its relatives -- the grasses -- it has duplicated its entire set of chromosomes. Two of the doublings took place at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary 65 million years ago, back when the dinosaurs and lots of other species went extinct, Heslop-Harrison noted. Duplications like this are known to have happened in other plant groups at this same time but haven't occurred since, Heslop-Harrison said. Scientists don't know why, but they believe having extra copies of genes may have imparted some stability to plants during a time of rapid climate change after an asteroid hit Earth. Having more than one gene of each type means that if one gene of a set loses function, the plant still has another one that works. And there's more room for adaptability to new circumstances, because one gene could be altered and co-opted for new purposes and there would still be the other one left to perform the original job. "Perhaps it's the reason [bananas have] done so well in the subsequent millions of years," Heslop-Harrison said. "One can ask, will changes occurring in the world's climate now mean there's going to be a whole set of new genome duplications that will enable plants to survive? We don't know that, but it's interesting to consider." The banana genome sequenced by the French scientists was from the Pahang, a wild Malaysian banana of the species Musa acuminata. It's a key species in the complicated evolution of the bananas and plantains people eat around the world, including the Cavendish banana that we buy at the supermarket.

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The sterile Cavendish is a so-called triploid: It has three sets of chromosomes instead of the normal two. One of those genomes came from Pahang. The others came from other subspecies of Musa acuminata. The changes occurred stepwise, and went something like this:

Thousands of years ago, two wild banana species from different parts of the islands of Southeast Asia were brought into the same range by people. They formed hybrids. A bit like mules, the hybrids were vigorous but fairly sterile.

The hybrids were kept going without sex through propagation of their shoots.

At some point, the hybrids developed the ability to set fruit without being fertilized.

Then (for most bananas, including the Cavendish) came another chance event that caused the hybrids to end up with three sets of chromosomes. Every now and again, the few viable eggs and pollen that they made would mistakenly contain two sets of chromosomes instead of just one.

When a double-chromosome pollen combined with a single-chromosome egg (or vice versa), the result was a hopelessly sterile plant with even more vigorous fruit. Events like this happened more than once and sometimes included other types of ancestral banana species. Some scientists, in fact, have made a whole study of banana domestication and movement around the world. They've pieced the story together using quite different strands of information, including the genomes of wild and cultivated bananas, the microscopic relics of banana leaf material found at archaeological sites, and even the word for "banana" in different languages. 1. In paragraph 2, the word "curious" is closest in meaning to

a) Inquisitive b) Peculiar c) C) Nosy d) D) Intricate

2. What does paragraph 5 suggest about bananas?

a) The banana genus may not yet be classifiable into a traditional category b) Bananas are actually a species of grass c) Bananas may now be categorized as "herbs" in supermarkets d) Because banana chromosomes duplicate themselves, they have better potential for successful

cloning 3. Why does the author use "intriguingly" to describe the phenomenon in paragraph 5?

a) To imply that bananas are far more interesting than other fruits b) To make readers doubt the claims scientists are making about bananas c) To suggest that duplication of chromosomes is a rare and interesting occurrence in the plant world d) To encourage questions about whether bananas are grasses or herbs

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4. Why is the observation in paragraph 6 important?

a. It suggests that the banana mutated its genetic structure for survival b. It shows that bananas can be traced as far back as dinosaurs c. It suggests that bananas were fatal to dinosaurs and other species d. It proves that bananas are immune to atmospheric changes

5. The word "co-opted" in paragraph 8 is closest in meaning to

a. decided upon together b. argued against c. removed from the study d. adopted

6. The quote in paragraph 9 most closely suggests

a. Bananas may be an example of ways that species might alter their genetics to survive changes in the earth's climate and atmosphere

b. That the genetic mutations of bananas have no implications for other species c. That genetic structure is the only factor that should be considered when predicting survival d. Though bananas have made it this far, there is no proof that they will survive the next wave

of significant atmospheric changes. 7. According to the article, all are steps in the evolution of the banana EXCEPT

a. Some banana hybrids began to develop three sets of chromosomes b. The merging of two different banana species c. Bananas reproduced widely and easily through fertilization d. Bananas developed the ability to develop fruit without fertilization

8. The word "chance" in paragraph 16 is closest in meaning to

a. random b. gamble c. risky d. opportune

9. All are variations of banana mentioned in the article EXCEPT

a. the Cavendish b. Dolus mundi c. Musa acuminata d. plantains

10. The word "domestication" in the final paragraph is closest in meaning to>

a. housebroken b. well-controlled c. adapted for human consumption d. accepted within the culture

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6. HORSES Horse owners who plan to breed one or more mares should have a working knowledge of heredity and

know how to care for breeding animals and foals. The number of mares bred that actually conceive varies

from about 40 to 85 percent, with the average running less than 50 percent. Some mares that do conceive

fail to produce living foals. This means that, on average, two mares are kept a whole year to produce one

foal, and even then, some foals are disappointments from the standpoint of quality.

By careful selection, breeders throughout history have developed various kinds of horses with a wide

variety of characteristics to suit many different needs. The Great Horse of the Middle Ages, for example,

was bred for size and strength to carry a heavily armored knight. The massive horses of such breeds are

often called "cold blooded." The Arabs bred lithe desert horses that were small and swift. These animals

are often referred to as "hot blooded.” Cross-breeding of hot-blooded and cold-blooded horses for certain

characteristics produced breeds ranging from riding horses to draft horses.

The Thoroughbred is considered by many to be the highpoint of elegance and fine selective breeding.

Many persons mistakenly apply the name Thoroughbred to any purebred horse. But a Thoroughbred is a

distinct breed of running horses that traces its ancestry through the male line directly back to three

Eastern stallions: the Byerly Turk, the Darley Arabian, and the Godolphin Barb. For convenience the breeds

of horses are often divided into three major groups: (1) ponies, (2) heavy, or draft horses, and (3) light

horses.

1. Which of the following is not an example of an Eastern stallion?

a) Byerly Turk b) Darley Arabian c) Thoroughbred d) Godolphin Barb

2. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Great Horse of the Middle Ages?

a) Large size b) Swiftness c) Strength d) "Cold-bloodedness"

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3. It can be inferred from the passage that cold-blooded and hot-blooded horses were cross-bred for what reason?

a) Such cross-breeding was a safer means of reproduction. b) Cross-bred horses were preferred by Arabs. c) By cross-breeding, horses with desirable mixed characteristics could be produced. d) Cross-breeding produced Thoroughbred horses.

4. In line 11, "lithe" most nearly means

a) Graceful. b) Clumsy. c) Massive. d) Bulky.

5. Which of the following is NOT one of the major divisions of horse breeds?

a) Draft horses b) Ponies c) Foals d) Light horses

6. According to the passage, which of the following horses is considered to be the finest purebred?

a) Darley Arabian b) Thoroughbred c) Godolphin Barb d) Byerly Turk

7. To conceive is to

a) Become sick. b) Become pregnant. c) Die. d) Be born.

8. A foal is a

a) Male horse. b) Female horse. c) Old horse. d) Baby horse.

9. The average amount of mares bred which actually conceive is less than what percent?

a) 40 b) 85 c) 50 d) 75

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10. A mare is a a) Male horse. b) Baby horse. c) Female horse. d) Old horse.

7. OFFSPRING

Animals that produce large amounts of offspring depend upon the sheer size of the litter for the

perpetuation of their species. The young mature very quickly and are not educated, as the parents are

usually involved with obtaining their own food and with reproduction. Should some of the offspring

become endangered, the parent will not interfere, because it is not expected that all the young survive,

which is the reason for a large litter. One animal that produces large litters is the hamster. A female

hamster is able to bear young when she is six weeks to two months old. The gestation period is about 16

days.

Although an average litter size is from five to ten, hamsters commonly have as few as three or as many as

a dozen offspring at a time. Mothers will sometimes eat their own young, particularly when the number

of offspring is large. Females may produce litters up to an age of about 15 months at monthly intervals.

The blind, hairless young begin to grow fur in two to three days. Their eyes open after about two weeks.

After ten days they begin eating solid food, though the mother will continue to nurse them for about two

more weeks. In captivity, a typical hamster may live for two to three years.

1. The gestation period for hamsters is about

a) Nine months.

b) One month.

c) 16 days.

d) Six weeks.

2. Female hamsters will sometimes eat their young for what reason?

a) Hunger

b) Because of a large number of offspring

c) Deformed babies

d) The young mature too quickly

3. Female hamsters may reproduce as young as

a) Six weeks old.

b) Six months old.

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c) 15 months old.

d) Two weeks old.

4. "Perpetuation" in line 2 means

a) Extinction.

b) Annihilation.

c) Variation.

d) Continuation.

5. Hamsters can produce offspring until what age?

a) two years

b) six weeks

c) 15 months

d) 16 days

6. What is the tone of the passage?

a) Argumentative

b) Informative

c) Biased

d) Farcical

7. What is the BEST title for this passage?

a) "Endangered Animal Litters"

b) "Reasons for Large Litters"

c) "Parents of Large Litters"

d) "Educating Litters"

8. What is a litter?

a) The amount of parents an animal has

b) The amount of garbage an animal has

c) The amount of offspring an animal has

d) The amount of siblings an animal has

9. Why would an animal parent not be able to care for its litter?

a) It is busy reproducing and food gathering.

b) It is busy educating the litter. It interferes with the litter.

c) It is busy playing.

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10. Which of the following is NOT a reason for a large litter?

a) The young are not expected to live.

b) The young are educated.

c) The parents are too busy to protect them.

d) The young mature quickly.

8. CONQUESTS

Juan Ponce de Leon was the first Spaniard to touch the shores of the present United States. As Columbus

had not remotely realized the extent of his momentous discovery, so de Leon never dreamed that his

"island" of Florida was a peninsular extension of the vast North American continent. After coming to the

New World with Columbus in 1493, he had led the occupation of Puerto Rico in 1508 and governed it from

1509 to 1512. In 1509, de Leon started a colony at Caparra, later abandoned in favor of San Juan. He was

one of the first adelantados—men who "advanced" the Spanish Empire by conquest, subjugation of the

Indians, and establishment of a semi-military government.

In Puerto Rico he heard a legend about an island called Bimini, where there was said to be a spring that

restored youth to all who bathed in it. It is said he was seeking this spring when he discovered Florida. He

sailed from Puerto Rico in March 1513. On Easter Sunday he sighted the coast. A few days later he landed

on Florida's east coast, near what is now St. Augustine. He named the place La Florida after the Spanish

term for Easter Sunday—Pascua Florida, or "flowery feast." He then sailed around the peninsula and up

the west coast. He returned to Florida in 1521.

1. In what year did de Leon discover Florida?

a) 1508

b) 1513

c) 1521

d) 1492

2. What was the title of the first colony started by Ponce de Leon in Puerto Rico?

a) San Juan

b) La Florida

c) Caparra

d) St. Augustine

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3. What was the name of the legendary island where the fabled Fountain of Youth was said to be?

a) Cuba

b) Bimini

c) Atlantis

d) Bermuda

4. Which of the following is implied by the passage?

a) Ponce de Leon was the true discoverer of the North American continent.

b) Ponce de Leon rejected the philosophy of the adelantados.

c) Ponce de Leon may have discovered Florida "by accident."

d) Ponce de Leon's greatest contribution was his discovery of the Fountain of Youth.

5. Pascua Florida is the Spanish term for which holiday?

a) Easter Sunday

b) Christmas

c) Thanksgiving

d) Palm Sunday

6. According to the passage, which of the following was NOT a means of advancement of the Spanish

Empire in the New World?

a) Conquest

b) Subjugation of Indians

c) Establishment of semi-military governments

d) Treaties and negotiation

7. From the passage, it can be assumed that a "peninsula" is

a) A volcanic island.

b) An island completely surrounded by water.

c) An extension of land surrounded almost completely bywater.

d) An island inhabited by Indians.

8. The tone of the word "advanced" in line 7 suggests that

a) Adelantados favor progress.

b) Progress could not have occurred without subjugation.

c) Progress is related to conquest and subjugation.

d) Conquest, subjugation, and semi-military government are not progress.

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9. According to the passage. Ponce de Leon believed the land he discovered was

a) Part of the .Bahamas.

b) The new "island" of Florida.

c) The mainland of the United States.

d) Puerto Rico.

10. Ponce de Leon was classified as an adelantado because he

a) Was a great explorer.

b) Was the first Spaniard to see the shores of the United States.

c) Conquered and ruled by military force.

d) Claimed Florida for the King of Spain.

9. TWINS

READ THE PASSAGE CAREFULLY

What do the singer Alanis Morissette, the supermodel Gisele Bundchen and the ex-Secretary General of

the United Nations Kofi Annan all have in common? The answer is, they all have a brother or sister who

was born on the same day as them – a twin. And what links actresses Julia Roberts, Geena Davis and Holly

Hunter? They all have twin children. You probably either have some twins in your family or you

know/knew some at school – there are more of them about these days. This is because women are older

when they have their first child and because more women are having fertility treatment. Both of these

things increase the probabilities of two babies developing from the same egg.

The USA seems like a particularly good place to have a similar sibling. At the University of Minnesota they

have been studying 8,000 pairs of twins since they were born. In the state of Ohio, there is a festival for

twins every year in a place called… Twinsburg. And in New York there is even a restaurant which employs

37 sets of identical twins!

Scientists love identical twins. Because they share the same genes, any differences between them must

be because of environmental factors. Science now understands more about heart disease, cancer, and

getting old from studying twins. Sometimes twins are separated at birth and only meet again when they

are grown up. Even so, they sometimes make choices in life which are strangely similar. One pair only met

each other after 40 years apart and found that their wives had the same name. And so did their children

and their pets!

Is there a difference between being physically identical and only being born on the same day? I knew a

pair of non-identical twins when I was a boy. They were proud to be completely different from each other.

One was very short-sighted from an early age and wore glasses. He picked up the local accent and was

obsessed with trains. His brother spoke with a posh accent and was very musical. The first became a train

driver and moved to Scotland. His brother went to a music college in London and became a concert pianist.

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I have recently been the teacher of two pairs of identical twins - I often have difficulty telling which is

which. Luckily they don’t seem to mind. One day, I gave them a list of questions to see what they felt

about being so close. Each twin answered the questions in a separate room.

Both pairs said they did many everyday activities together - studying, shopping, watching TV, or just

spending time together. Both pairs had similar tastes in music and food, and even thought their voices

sounded the same sometimes. Both pairs also commented that they would like more time to themselves…

When I asked them what they were good at in school, one pair wrote the same five subjects almost in the

same order. The other pair only had three subjects in common - one was interested in the Arts and the

other more in science subjects. I also asked them if they ever had the same thoughts as their twin. The

first pair said yes –for example, one of them often started talking about what the other one was thinking.

Strangely, the other pair disagreed about whether this was true. One of the twins said that her sister

would take the words out of her mouth, while the other said this never happened to her. The most

interesting thing for me was studying the results of the psychological part of the test. I asked them to

describe their personality using twelve different pairs of sentences. I found that each twin gave almost

identical answers to her sister!

I. NOW, READ THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS AND MARK THEM “T” FOR TRUE OR “F” FOR FALSE

ACCORDING TO WHAT IS SAID OR IMPLIED IN THE ARTICLE.

1. Julia Roberts has a twin sister _______ 2. At the university of Minnesota they have been studying 16,000 twins since they were born.

_______

3. There is a restaurant in Ohio which employs 37 sets of identical twins. _______ 4. In the state of Ohio, there is a festival for twins every year called “Twinsburg” _______ 5. Even though some twins are separated at birth they sometimes make choices in life which are very similar.

_______

II. WRITE ON THE LINE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER.

1. - Differences between identical twins are due to … __________

a) Genes b) Different Illnesses c) Environmental Factors d) Getting old

2.-Identical twins and non-identical twins share… __________

a) Physical appearance b) Likes and dislikes c) Skills d) Birth dates

3.-The writer of this article is … __________

a) A twin b) A researcher c) A teacher d) A psychologist

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4.-All of the following statements were mentioned in the reading except… __________

a) Identical twins share the same genes.

b) More twins are being born these days because many women are having fertility treatment.

c) Twins share the same birth date.

d) Twins love to be similar.

5.-In the last 3 paragraphs of the reading we learned that the two pairs of twins… __________

a) Started talking about what the other one was thinking

b) Have exactly the same thoughts.

c) Are all female.

d) Liked exactly the same school subjects.

10. IS IT OK TO USE A MOBILE PHONE?

YOU ARE GOING TO READ AN ARTICLE IN WHICH THE WRITER QUESTIONS THE WIDESPREAD USE OF

MOBILE PHONES IN SOCIETY. SEVEN SENTENCES HAVE BEEN REMOVED FROM THE ARTICLE. CHOOSE

FROM THE SENTENCES A–H THE ONE WHICH FITS EACH GAP (1–7). THERE IS ONE EXTRA SENTENCE

WHICH YOU DO NOT NEED TO USE.

A. Already, children are five times more likely than adults to have their phone stolen.

B. It is important for the environment that we begin to reduce this unnecessary waste.

C. Mobile phones are now much smaller than they used to be.

D. It is unlikely that any other technology has entered the global market so fast in history.

E. As a result, they are now fighting to stop the placing of mobile phone masts near schools.

F. However, the list of worries is long.

G. The advantages are easy to identify.

H. Despite this, under-10s are the fastest growing part of the market.

An important event went largely unnoticed earlier this month when the world’s two billionth mobile

phone user was connected. There are now 1,000 new users per minute buying phones around the world,

according to the Global System for Mobile Communication Association.

But what makes this so interesting is not just the number of users – around one third of the planet’s

population – but that the one billion mark was only passed two years ago. Nokia, the world’s largest phone

manufacturer, predicts that by 2015, four billion people will be using a mobile. ______________ (GAP 1)

But such a rapid take-up has left us hardly any time to think about the pros and cons of living in a world

where we can rarely escape these devices. _______ (GAP 2). These include faster responses to

emergencies, an easier and quicker flow of information (particularly in developing nations where growth

is at its strongest), and reduced pollution through less need to travel.

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________ (GAP 3) Perhaps the most serious of these is the health risk of being constantly exposed to the

electromagnetic fields generated by mobile phones and their masts. We are now at the point where the

evidence seems to suggest that mobile phones are safe to use, but that ‘more research is needed’ and, as

a precaution, children should not be needlessly exposed to mobile phone systems.

For many parents, this is hardly reassuring. _________ (GAP 4) The understandable fear, of course, is that

the public are being used in experiments to help with the further research that most agree is still needed,

but without actually being asked if they want to take part.

In fact, children seem to be a constant factor in many of the other concerns linked to mobile phones. The

industry itself has recognized this by promising not to target children under sixteen in its advertising.

_____ (GAP 5) It has been predicted by the phone consultants Mobile Youth that by the end of this year

a third of five- to nine-year-olds in the UK will have a phone.

But we must stop to consider the problems that this growth in phone ownership may bring. ________

(GAP 6) Ringtones, gaming, texting and calls all add to ever-increasing phone bills. And despite the

industry’s efforts to prevent the accidental targeting of children, they still have the means to access the

many unsuitable services now offered. In addition, children are among the most endangered by those

users who still drive while holding a mobile phone, even though it is illegal in most countries.

The importance of fashion in mobile phones, which means we change our phones every 24.2 months on

average, has led to a huge number of unwanted phones being thrown away. _________(GAP 7)

Thankfully, there have been efforts to do something about it, with some countries introducing recycling

schemes and charity drop-off points in town centers. There are even ways to reduce the energy waste

caused by phone chargers being left plugged in all the time. For example, there are now solar-powered

chargers and, for those with strong wrists, wind-up chargers are also available.

11. Norman Cousins

Read the following passage carefully, then answer the questions.

Norman Cousins was born on June 24, 1915, in Union Hill, New Jersey. Norman attended teachers

college at Columbia University. Norman then went on to lead an illustrious career as the longtime editor

of the Saturday Review. During his lifetime Cousins fended off a life threatening disease and a massive

coronary, both times using his own regimen of nutritional and emotional support systems as opposed to

traditional methods of treatment.

Cousins is often described as the man who laughed his way to health, a simplified explanation of

the controversial healing method the author/editor employed when he was diagnosed in the mid-1960’s

as having ankylosing spondylitis. The degenerative disease causes the breakdown of collagen, the fibrous

tissue that binds together the body’s cells. Almost completely paralyzed, given only a few months to live,

Cousins ordered himself checked out of the hospital. He moved into a hotel room and began taking

extremely high doses of vitamin C and also exposed himself to equally high doses of humor.

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Slowly Norman regained use of his limbs. As his condition steadily improved over the following months,

Cousins resumed his busy life, eventually returning to work full-time at the Saturday Review. Cousins

detailed his journey in “Anatomy of an Illness.”

In December, 1980, some fifteen years after winning his bout with ankylosing spondylitis, Cousins suffered

a near-fatal heart attack while teaching in California. As before, he made his body a personal laboratory.

He refused morphine, changed his visiting schedule to ensure rest, and gradually improved. Cousins once

again published his findings in “The Healing Heart” for millions to learn from and enjoy.

Norman Cousins died in November, 1990. Norman Cousins led an extraordinary life. He received hundreds

of awards including the Peace Medal from the United Nations. Cousins received nearly fifty honorary

doctorate degrees and served as a diplomat during three presidential administrations. Cousins spent his

lifetime challenging the odds.

1.-Norman Cousins had 2 major health problems. Which ones?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2.-How did he fend off those problems?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

3.-What did he do for a living?

4.-What is ankylosing spondylitis?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5.-What else did he do besides exposing himself to high doses of humor?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

6.-In paragraph 3 it says: “Slowly Norman regained use of his limbs”. What does the word “limbs”

mean?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

7.-What are the names of the books he wrote?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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8.-What did he do when Doctors tried to give him morphine?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

9.-How old was Norman Cousins when he died?

12. BAIL

READ THE STORY. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW.

The phone rang at Pratt Taylor’s house at nearly three in the morning. Pratt fumbled for the phone in the

dark. He answered groggily after the fourth ring. “Hello,” Pratt mumbled into the receiver. “Mr. Taylor.

Thank goodness. I need your help.” Pratt knew the voice, for sure. But still drowsy, he could not quite

place it. “Mr. Taylor!” the man said again in a raspy, loud whisper. “I am in jail. I was allowed one phone

call. I’m calling you.” Then, the fog cleared. Although nearly ten years had passed since their last

encounter, Pratt was able to discern something familiar in this voice. It belonged to a boy named Martin

Hall, easily one of the most brilliant math students he had ever taught. But while Pratt recalled that Martin

possessed an enviable aptitude for math, he also had a knack for getting into trouble. Still, they had forged

a strong student-teacher bond, and when Martin graduated from Line brook High School, Pratt had told

him, “Call me if there is anything you ever need.” So here it was – the call in the middle of the night. “Yes,

Martin. Is that you?” “Yes, Mr. Taylor. Can you help?” “What do you need?” “Bail money.” “What did you

do?” “We’ll talk about that later. Can you get me one thousand bucks?” Pratt knew he could, but he was

hesitant. What had Martin done? What was Pratt getting himself into? Pratt’s belief in honoring his word

determined his decision. “Yes, I can. Where shall I bring it?”

“I’m at Jessup in Maryland. My brother will come by your place in the morning. Give the money to him,

and he will come and bail me out.” “Okay.” Upon hanging up the phone, Pratt was overcome by a dreadful

feeling – his intuition told him that the decision to bail Martin out would be one that would vex him for a

very, very long time.

1) "Pratt fumbled for the phone in the dark. He answered groggily after the fourth ring." Which of the

following is the best way to combine the above sentences while keeping their original meaning as used

in the story?

a. Pratt fumbled for the phone in the dark, he answered groggily after the fourth ring.

b. Pratt fumbled for the phone in the dark and answered groggily on the fourth ring.

c. While Pratt fumbled for the phone in the dark, he answered groggily after the fourth ring.

d. Pratt answered the phone groggily after the fourth ring, fumbling for the phone in the dark.

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2) As used in the beginning of the story, if someone is feeling drowsy, how might he or she most likely

act?

a. irritated

b. sleepy

c. anxious

d. frustrated

3) The beginning of the story states: "Then, the fog cleared." What is meant by this sentence?

a. The weather had finally improved.

b. A light had been turned on in the room.

c. Something bad had happened to Martin.

d. Pratt had gained understanding.

4) As used in the middle of the story, which is the best synonym for aptitude?

a. characteristic

b. passion

c. ability

d. certainty

5) As used at the end of the story, which is the best antonym for hesitant?

a. comfortable

b. decisive

c. relaxed

d. secure

6) Which best explains why Pratt decided to get the money for Martin?

a. Pratt had the money to give.

b. Pratt believed Martin was innocent.

c. Pratt had promised help many years ago.

d. Pratt feared Martin would hurt him if he did not comply.

7) Which best describes the Martin who Pratt remembers?

a. He was the smartest student he had ever had.

b. He was a straight A student with little work ethic.

c. He was a gifted student with a propensity for trouble.

d. He was a kid from a bad neighborhood trying to get out.

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8) How does Pratt's mood change from the beginning to the end of the passage?

a. from sleepy, to forgetful, to giving

b. from uncertain, to committed, to furious

c. from groggy, to clearheaded, to regretful

d. from proud, to reminiscent to ambivalent

9) What does the last line of this passage seem to suggest?

a. that someone gets hurt

b. that something bad happens

c. that Martin's brother never shows up

d. that Martin spent a very long time in jail

10) As used at the end of the story, which is the best antonym for vex?

a. excite

b. heal

c. humble

d. please

13. THE COOKIES

READ THE STORY CAREFULLY AND SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER.

One day, while backpacking through Germany, my friend and I were ravenous, but low on cash. We

decided to stop at a village market to get a few groceries. I chose some cookies and went to the front

counter to make the purchase. Near the counter I noticed some packaged cookies in a large bin. They

looked scrumptious and were a lot cheaper than the ones I had in my hand, so I took them instead.

We left the store and looked for a place where we could eat. We devoured our sandwiches first, and then

we gobbled up the cookies. We thought they were terrific.

"Let's get these again," I said. "They're really cheap and tasty."

My friend can read some German, but I can't, so I handed her the package so she could look for the brand

name. She glanced at it and then burst out laughing. “Why are you laughing?" I asked. "Because they're

dog biscuits!" she said.

UNDERSTANDING MEANING FROM CONTEXT. CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

1.-In the first paragraph, what does backpacking mean?

a. Traveling with all our possessions in a backpack

b. Using a backpack to carry things to and from our car

c. Filling a backpack with groceries

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2.-In the first paragraph, what does ravenous mean?

a) Extremely tired b) Extremely hungry c) Extremely upset

3.-In the first paragraph, what does low on cash mean?

a) Having a small bank account spend

b) Able to buy things cheaply c) Not having much money to spend

4.-In the first paragraph, what does make the purchase mean?

a) Ask a question b) Look around c) Buy something

5.-In the first paragraph, what does noticed mean?

a) Became aware of something by looking at it.

b) bought at the checkout counter

c) Ate

6.-In the first paragraph, what does scrumptious mean?

a) Looked like they wouldn´t taste good

b) Delicious c) Cheap

7.-In the second paragraph, what does devoured mean?

a) Ate something slowly b) Made something c) Ate something quickly and completely

8.-In the second paragraph, what does gobbled up mean?

a) Ate something very quickly b) Broke into small pieces c) Threw something away

9.-In the third paragraph, what does tasty mean?

a) Full of flavor; tasting good b) Bland, not having much taste c) Having a strange taste

10.-In the fourth paragraph, what does glanced mean?

a) Took a long look at something b) Translated slowly c) Looked at something quickly

11.-In the fourth paragraph, what does burst out laughing mean?

a) Laughed quietly b) Started to laugh suddenly c) laughed for a long time

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12.-Why did they stop at a village market?

a. There weren't any restaurants around.

b. They were hungry and didn't have a lot of money.

c. Both 1 and

13.-Who was in the story?

a) Two men b) A man and a woman c) The story doesn’t say

14.-Who thought the cookies were delicious?

a. Both people in the story.

b. Only the person who is telling the story.

c. Only the friend of the person who is telling the story.

15.-Why did the person in the story buy the dog biscuits?

a. Because they looked good and were cheap.

b. Because he or she didn't understand the German on the package.

c. Both number 1 and 2.

14. THE ALIEN STORY

PUT THE STORY INTO THE CORRECT ORDER.

A

Other people who prefer to believe in a scientific explanation have suggested that electrical forces in the atmosphere caused this and other incidents

B

Suddenly, a strange light seemed to be on top of the car, sucking it up off the road before dropping it down again

D

In a state of shock, they drove to the nearest town and reported the incident to the police.

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1.-___ 2.-___ 3.-___ 4.-___ 5.-___ 6.-___ 7.-___ 8.-___ 9.-___ 10.-___

15. ACCOMODATION

YOU ARE GOING TO READ ABOUT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION ORGANIZED BY THE YOUTH HOSTEL

ASSOCIATION (YHA). FOR QUESTIONS 1–15, CHOOSE FROM THE TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION (A–E).

THE TYPES OF ACCOMMODATION MAY BE CHOSEN MORE THAN ONCE. HOLIDAY ACCOMMODATION.

A: Camping Barns

Also known as ‘stone tents’, there are around 40 Camping Barns in the YHA network owned and operated

by farmers in fantastic rural locations. Facilities vary from barn to barn but they provide great value and

great fun – especially if you take over the whole property with a group of family or friends. Barns are also

regularly used by schools and walking groups and typically offer sleeping platforms, spaces to prepare

food and eat, cold running water, a flush toilet and parking. Prices start from just £5 per person per night

and it’s essential to bring a good sleeping bag, a torch, warm clothes and good walking boots or

wellingtons. You may also need cooking utensils, a camping stove and fuel.

B: Bunkhouses

YHA’s Bunkhouses provide a great budget option offering accommodation in spectacular rural locations

at great value for money prices. They can be found throughout England and Wales and new locations are

being added all the time. All bunkhouses are self-catering and must be booked in advance with the keys

E

Thinking that the woman must have been so tired that she was dreaming, the police gave her a cup of tea hoping to calm her down.

F

Finally the police agreed to inspect the car and when they did, they saw the dust, smelt the smell and also noticed some small den in the roof of the car.

G

Feeling terrified and out of control, the family noticed a black powder seeping inside their car and smelt a horrible stench.

H

This story was quickly taken up by some people as proof of the presence of aliens on earth.

I

When she saw a light flashing on the road ahead, she slowed down thinking that it was a traffic signal.

J

Mrs. Knowles and her three sons were driving from Perth to Adelaide in the early hours one morning in 1998.

29

provided from an address nearby. Access by car may not be possible. Bedrooms are mainly dormitory-

style with bunk beds, although there are private family rooms, sleeping four, available at most locations.

Prices start at £10 per person per night and all properties come with basic facilities including hot showers,

drying room and self-catering kitchen.

C: Escape to …

Fantastic for birthday celebrations or family reunions, Escape to … allows you to enjoy exclusive hire of

superb, unique buildings in unbeatable locations in bustling towns and near mountains, forests or

beaches. Find out all you need to know about the fantastic places available for exclusive hire, on our

special website. This makes it easy to find the ideal property for your special occasion quickly, by selecting

criteria such as the desired region and approximate number of guests. It also includes information on

facilities and what to do nearby. Venues range from a small 10-bed farmhouse to a Victorian mansion

which can accommodate nearly 100 people. Prices start at £8 per person and YHA members receive a £30

discount on all properties.

D: Activity Centres

Try out adrenalin-fuelled activities, or fine-tune your existing skills on the range of all-inclusive packages

offered at our dedicated activity centres. Based in spectacular locations they offer everything from

climbing, kayaking and surfing to sailing and pony-trekking. Whatever you choose, our fully qualified

instructors will ensure you have a great time. All centres are licensed by the Health and Safety Executive

and operate to the highest safety standards. You can stay for as long as you like at YHA’s Activity Centres

and prices include all meals, transport, specialist equipment and accommodation. Prices at YHA Activity

Centres are very competitive and can vary depending on age of participants, chosen location, time of year

and programme, but can start from about £33 per night for under-18s, slightly more for adults.

E: Do it 4 Real

If you are between 10 and 17 years old, love to have fun and enjoy trying something new, you can Do it 4

Real at one of our fantastic summer camps. Places are limited so fill out a booking form now! We’ve got

camps in 23 different locations, offering all of our most popular activities from previous years, and packed

with more excitement and entertainment than ever before. Do it 4 Real summer camps offer five nights

and four days of action and adventure between Sunday afternoon and Friday morning for an all-inclusive

cost of £299. The cost for young people resident outside England is £399. A certain number of places are

also available at £199: applications for these will be processed on a first come, first served basis. Make

this year a summer to remember – choose Do it 4 Real!

1. Which type of accommodation is the cheapest to stay in? _____

2. Which type of accommodation is recommended for special occasions? _____

3. Which type of accommodation often has somewhere you can leave your car? _____

4. Which type of accommodation organizes water sports for guests? _____

5. Which type of accommodation is becoming more widely available? _____

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6. Which type of accommodation is cheaper if you belong to the association? _____

7. Which type of accommodation can be rented for private parties? _____

8. Which type of accommodation is not available on Saturdays? _____

9. Which type of accommodation has further information on the Internet? _____

10. Which type of accommodation has a place where you can leave wet clothes? _____

11. Which type of accommodation provides food for guests? _____

12. Which type of accommodation may vary in price according to where you live? _____

13. Which type of accommodation does not always provide a cooker? _____

14. Which type of accommodation may charge younger people less? _____

15. Which type of accommodation has a minimum and maximum age limit? _____

31

GRAMMAR SECTION Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer.

1. What year did you _____ University?

a) Graduate from b) graduate from c) graduating d) graduating 2. It seems to be getting worse. You had better _____ a specialist.

a) Consult by b) consult to c) consult for d) consult 3. Chicago is a large city, _____?

a) aren’t it b) doesn’t it c) won´t it d) isn’t it 4. Don't leave your books near the open fire. They might easily _____.

a) catch to fire b) catch the fire c) catch on fire d) catch with fire 5. Do you enjoy _____?

a) to swim b) swimming c) swim d) to swimming

6. I have trouble _____.

a) to remember my password b) to remembering my password c) remember my password d) remembering my password

7. Do you have _____ to do today? We could have a long lunch if not.

a) many work b) much work c) many works d) much works 8. My brother will _____ for a few nights.

a) provide us up b) provide us in c) put us up d) put us in 9. When will the meeting _____?

a) hold on b) hold place c) take on d) take place 10. The board meeting was held _____.

a) at Tuesday b) on Tuesday c) with Tuesday d) in Tuesday

11. Why don't you _____ us?

a) go to the house party with b) go together the house party with c) go the house party with d) together the house party with

32

12. That awful accident occurred _____.

a) before three weeks b) three weeks before c) three weeks ago d) three weeks past

13. They didn't _____ John when he explained his decision.

a) agree to b) agree with c) agree d) agree about

14. The social worker _____ the two old sisters who were ill.

a) called to the house of b) called on the house of c) called to d) called on

15. Tomorrow is Paul's birthday. Let's _____ it.

a) Celebrate b) praise c) honor d) congratulate

16. If you don't understand the text, don't hesitate _____.

a) ask a question b) asking a question c) to ask a question d) to asking a question

17. It´s snowing. Would you like to _____ on Saturday or Sunday?

a) skiing b) go to ski c) go skiing d) go ski

18. Our company didn't pay _____ for that banner advertisement.

a) much funds b) many funds c) many money d) much money

19. Do you feel like _____ now?

a) swimming b) to swim c) swim d) to go swimming

20. Tom was thrilled to be _____ such a beautiful and interesting lady.

a) introduced b) introduced at c) introduced with d) introduced to

21. "What happened to them last night? They look depressed"

"I don't think _____ happened."

a) nothing b) everything c) something d) anything

33

22. "It is not very cold. I don't think we need these big jackets."

"I don't think so, _____."

a) anyway b) neither c) either d) too

23. "Bill is not doing well in class."

"You must _____ that he is just a beginner at this level."

a) keep minding b) keep to mind c) keep in mind d) keeping in mind

24. "Excuse me. Do you know where the bus terminal is?"

"It is _____ the large police station."

a) opposite of b) opposed to c) opposite with d) opposite to

25. "Those students will perform the annual school play."

"Yes, it is _____ for next week."

a) due b) scheduled c) time - tabled d) put on

26. "You are welcome to order the goods now."

"But payment should be made _____."

a) for advance b) advancing c) in advance d) to advance

27. "Where do you live now?"

"I live in Utah; my _____."

a) parents too do b) parents do c) parents do, too d) parents also do

28. I cannot understand my neighbor's accent. I wish she would _____.

a) speak clearer b) clearer speak c) more clearly speak d) speak more clearer

29. "Why are you driving so fast?"

"I'm _____."

a) must be hurry b) in hurry c) in a hurry d) hurrying

30. I have your music CD. I think I _____ your concert video.

a) also have b) have too c) too have d) have further

34

31. I hear you have started a new job. _____ like it?

a) How do you b) How c) What you d) What do you

32. I really have to go now. I have _____ the doctor.

a) appointments to b) an appointment to c) appointment with d) an appointment with

33. I can meet you at Central Station. Will _____?

a) convenient for you b) that convenient c) that be convenient d) you be convenient

34. I don't have any results for you today. I _____ tomorrow.

a) have any b) may have any c) have some d) may have some

35. I would rather _____ a quiet cup of coffee in the office than sit in a noisy cafe.

a) have b) to have c) prefer d) prefer to have

36. "Where _____ last weekend?" "I went to see my aunt and uncle." a) are you go b) do you go c) have you went d) did you go

37. I was very surprised _____ that she didn't pass the exam."

a) hearing b) to hearing c) at hearing d) to hear 38. "Why _____ she isn't speaking to us?"

"We must have done something that upset her. She is just too sensitive."

a) are you think b) are you imagine c) do you think d) you think

39. I hope that this winter won't be _____ last."

a) as cold as b) so cold as c) as cold like d) so cold like

40. Sorry to be late. I was delayed by _____."

a) a heavy traffic b) heavy traffic c) some heavy traffic d) traffic being heavy

35

41. The sky is getting dark. It _____ rain is on its way.

a) looks b) looks like c) seems to d) will be

42. Would you do me a small favor? I _____ very much.

a) appreciate it b) would appreciate c) would be appreciative d) would appreciate it

43. I am familiar with that product. I don't know _____ times I've seen it advertised on TV. a) how many b) how often c) how much d) many often

44. "When _____ leaving for Toronto, Canada?" / "We are planning to set out at 10 o'clock."

a) are we b) will we c) will us d) are us

45. I asked Robert when he could fix my leaking tap. He said that he would come round and fix it _____.

a) as much as possible b) as possible as he could c) as fast as he could possibly d) as soon as possible

46. "Do you know _____ that building is?" "I would say that it was built at least 100 years ago."

a) old b) how age c) how old d) which age

47. The man told us that the next train would arrive _____.

a) at three thirty b) at three thirty o´clock c) in three thirty d) in three thirty o’clock

48. "How _____ a crowd had gathered at the scene of the accident?"

"I don't know exactly, but there were a lot of shocked onlookers."

a) large b) often c) many d) much

49. That is the city _____ worst crime record.

a) on the b) in the c) with the d) for the

50. "Where should I put this key?"

"You can _____ it on the shelf."

a) hang b) deposit c) sit d) put

36

51. __________ everything in advance, Sandra finished the project quickly.

a) Planned b) By planning c) She plans d) Play 52) He's used __________ a big breakfast.

a) to eating b) eats c) to eat d) eat 53) I used to be very nervous __________, but I'm not anymore.

a) for driving b) about driving c) to driving d) drive 54) You want to know what I'm going to do on my vacation? I plan on __________ anything!

a) don’t do b) no do c) not doing d) do 55) Are you sure you should take the day off? Aren't you concerned about __________ behind in work?

a) fallen b) fall c) falling d) fell

56) Because he had roommates for such a long time, he isn't used to __________ dinner alone.

a) having b) have c) had d) haven’t

57) _____ you ever appeared on a game show, Mr. Smith?

a) have b) was c) has d) did 58) Why _____ you decide to try out for Risk?

a) have b) are c) did d) were 59) You're a librarian. How long _____ that kind of work?

a) have you done b) do you do c) were you doing d) did you do

60) ______ you lived here long, Ali?

a) has b) have to c) were d) did

61) We're sorry that we _____ your game last night.

a) miss b) missed c) ´ve missed d) were

62) ____ Tomas ever thought about going back to school?

a) did b) was c) has d) have

63) Where ____ before you moved here?

a) do you live b) did you live c) you lived d) have you lived

64) How ____ your birthday last year?

a) have you celebrated b) do you celebrate c) are you celebrating d) did you celebrate

65) How long ____ Mr. Valdes worked here?

a) has b) has been c) was d) did

37

66) Jack and Jill ____ a lot of time working in their yard last spring.

a) spent b) have been spending c) were spending d) have spent

67) Where _____ on your vacation last year?

a) did you use to go b) do you go c) have you gone d) did you go

68) Mara and I are good friends. We _____ each other since we were five years old.

a) will know b) ´ve known c) know d) knew

69) Have you ever ____ to a movie studio?

a) went b) gone c) go d) going

70) No, but I've ____ wanted to.

a) always b) don’t c) ever d) yet

71) She has always ____ I should apply as a contestant.

a) say b) said c) saying d) says

72) I've _____ wanted to go to Paris, but I'm afraid of flying.

a) always b) just c) never d) lately

73) Have you ever _____ to Italy?

a) been b) be c) being d) were

74) Has anyone in your family ____ won the lottery?

a) never b) yet c) always d) ever

75) Laura's flight hasn't gotten in _____. It's late because of the bad weather.

a) yet b) already c) always d) ever

76) Look! The flowers have bloomed ______, and spring hasn't even arrived.

a) already b) yet c) always d) ever

77) Could you lend me __________ sugar? I'd like to bake Allen a birthday cake.

a) few b) a few c) a little d) none

78) These apples look good. Oh, wait! They're not apples. They're __________.

a) some pears b) pears c) the pears d) peers

79) After the earthquake, people who lost their homes had __________ hope for the future.

a) few b) little c) a little d) many

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80) This classroom still needs a great deal of __________.

a) chairs b) chair c) furniture d) chalk

81) Researchers in __________ parts of the world are working to find a cure for cancer.

a) much b) many c) a great deal d) fewer

82) Have __________ rice. It's delicious.

a) little b) a c) some d) any

83) Could I borrow __________ dollars? I'll pay you back on Friday.

a) a little b) a few c) few d) least

84) That actor is not very popular. He has __________ fans.

a) little b) any c) few d) most

85) Look at all those ants! Oh, no! They're not ants. They're __________.

a) the termites b) some termites c) termites d) terminate

86) Teachers in __________ countries of the world don't receive very high salaries.

a) many b) much c) a great deal d) more

87) The lunch menu is very short. It's __________ than the dinner menu.

a) more varied b) less varied c) the most d) varied

88) It's getting more __________ to find a cheap apartment.

a) difficult than b) and more difficult c) difficulter d) difficult

89) The United States __________ Canada. Canada is much larger.

a) isn’t as large as b) is larger than c) the largest d) large

90) The weather has been bad all morning, and I think it's getting __________.

a) worse b) bad c) the worst d) best

91) The Mississippi River __________ the Amazon. The Amazon is longer.

a) is as short as b) isn’t as long as c) is as longer as d) longer

92 Have you ever eaten ostrich? It tastes like beef, but it's __________ for you.

a) better b) as good as c) the best d) worst

93) I passed my driver's test. It seemed much __________ this time.

a) easily b) easier c) easiest d) easy

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94) Our team didn't play __________ I expected. I was disappointed.

a) well b) as badly as c) as well as d) better

95) Could you talk __________? I'm trying to work.

a) more quietly b) more quiet c) quiet d) quieter

96) Jim got an A on the exam, but Joe only got a B. The teacher doesn't know why Joe hasn't been doing ___ Jim this term a) better b) as well as c) as good as d) worse than

97) My keys were in my pocket, but I don't recall __________ them there.

a) I put b) putting c) to put d) to putting

98) Sal enjoyed __________ in Texas.

a) lived b) live c) living d) to live

99) The best way to improve your accent is to give up __________ for perfection.

a) to trying b) to try c) trying d) try

100) Gil ran __________ Luis and Hector in all three races.

a) faster than b) more fast than c) fast as d) the fastest of

EXERCISE 2 USE THE WORDS IN PARENTHESES IN THE CORRECT FUTURE TENSE THAT COMPLETES THE SENTENCES.

1. (GO) I won´t be at school next Tuesday because I _______________________________to the dentist´s.

2. (FINISH) By the end of next year, they _________________________________ building the new bridge.

3. (WATCH) I´m sure that when I get home my parents ______________________________________ TV.

4. (GO) By October, my girlfriend and I _________________________________ out together for two years.

5. (MELT) Many scientists are convinced that in the future all the earth´s ice ________________________.

6. (GIVE) My friends say the shop __________________________me my money back. I can only exchange the clothes I bought.

7. (WALK) If you want me to, I _____________________________________home with you. 8. (LEAVE) We should set off for the station now, because the train __________________________at

7:30.

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EXERCISE 3 COMPLETE THE STORY USING THE EXPRESSIONS IN THE BOX. WRITE THE VERB IN THE CORRECT TENSE.

One day Chris saw Jane in Central Park and 1)______________________her immediately. He walked up to her and started 2)_____________________her ___________________. They 3) ______________________ quite well and he took the opportunity to 4) _________________her ___________________.

They started 5) ______________________________and in time they 6) ____________________________. A few months passed and Jane found out that Chris had cheated on her and they had a 7) huge____________________________. They 8) ______________________________and started seeing other people.

One evening, by chance, they 9) _________________ at a local night club. They started talking, 10) _____________and 11) __________. A few months later Chris 12) _______________________and they 13) _________________________. That summer they had problems and 14) ___________________the engagement, but in November they 15) ________________.

EXERCISE 4 Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note whether the sentence is a request, a statement or a question.

a. He said, "I like this song." He said _______________________________________________________________________________

b. “Where is your sister?” She asked me She asked me __________________________________________________________________________

c. "I don't speak Italian," she said. She said ______________________________________________________________________________

d. "Say hello to Jim," they asked me. They asked me _________________________________________________________________________

e. “The film began at seven o’clock”, he said He said _______________________________________________________________________________

f. “Don't play on the grass, boys," she told the boys. She told the boys _______________________________________________________________________

g. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him. She asked him _________________________________________________________________________

h. "I never make mistakes," he said. He said _______________________________________________________________________________

SPLIT UP MEET PROPOSE MAKE UP BREAK OFF

GET MARRIED FANCY GO OUT GET ENGAGED CHAT UP

FALL OUT GET BACK TOGETHER ASK OUT FALL IN LOVE GET ON

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EXERCISE 5 READ EACH SITUATION. THEN COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN PARENTHESES. CHOOSE BETWEEN AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE.

1) Bob Simon's store went out of business last month.

a. He (should / give up) _____________________________________________) so soon. b. He (could / ask) ________________________________________) the bank for a loan. c. He (might / tell) ________________________________) his relatives that he needed help.

2) I locked myself out of my apartment today.

a. I (ought to / ask) _______________________________) my neighbor to keep a key for me. b. I (should / forget) _______________________________________) to make an extra key. c. I (could / hide) ______________________________________) a key somewhere outside.

EXERCISE 6 REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN PASSIVE VOICE.

1. He opens the door. ___________________________________________________________

2. She pays a lot of money. ___________________________________________________________

3. She sang a song. ___________________________________________________________

4. We stopped the bus. ___________________________________________________________

5. A thief stole my car. ___________________________________________________________

6. Her boyfriend will install it. ___________________________________________________________

7. Millions of people will visit the museum. ___________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 7 FOR A-J CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER TO COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.

1. The explorer Amundsen, which/who/whose was Norwegian, was the first person to reach the South Pole.

2. In Wales, which/when/where I was born, many people speak Welsh. 3. I’ve got a watch what/that/whose can send out an emergency signal. 4. Next Monday is the day which/what/when I start my new job. 5. Jamie is the boy who/whose/which parents were on TV last night. 6. In 2005, where/which/when I was 16, we climbed one of the highest mountains. 7. Jeff, whose/who/which favourite activity is snowboarding, is in the Alps right now. 8. Anne, who/whose/what is now married, used to go out with my brother. 9. The street that/where/which I live is very close to the sports centre. 10. This lake, which/where/what is 100 kilometres wide, freezes over in winter.

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EXERCISE 8 1. His family keeps asking him _____ smoking.

a) give up b) giving up c) to give up d) to giving up

2. I plan _____ swimming twice a week from now on.

a) do b) on do c) go d) to go

3. We have an exam next week. It is very necessary _____.

a) study hard b) to study hard c) hard study d) to hard study

4. They opened the door at noon. Some people were already _____.

a) in the line to wait b) in line waiting c) line in waiting d) waiting in line

5. The theater performance _____.

a) succeed b) successful c) was success d) was a success

6. I had _____ finding my way around New York when I first arrived.

a) quite time b) a quite time c) a time quite d) quite a time

7. Guess who I _____ yesterday. I saw my old landlord at the bank.

a) into run b) into ran c) ran into d) run into

8. The next bus will arrive _____.

a) three o’clock b) at three o’clock c) on three o’clock d) in three o’clock

9. He was _____ have a doctor's appointment today.

a) supposed b) supposing c) supposed to d) supposing to

10. "Why are you rushing?" "I have _____ with my doctor."

a) an appointment b) a pledge c) a promise d) a contract

11. "Let's _____ a new movie tomorrow." "Yes, let's."

a) take in b) take into c) take to d) taking

12. I will stay in the Golden Hotel in New York. Why don't you guys _____?

a) visists b) visit in c) drop in d) call in

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13. We will serve our guests soon. We had better ____ now.

a) have table set b) set table c) setting table d) set the table

14. He hurt his leg _____ in order to miss the exam."

a) at purpose b) for purpose c) getting along d) on purpose

15. How is he _____ these days? I hope he is doing well.

a) get along b) get to along c) getting along d) to getting along

16. Are you going to _____ with your cousin while in town?

a) get in touch b) getting in touch c) to getting in touch d) have touch

17. We are going to _____ the Town Games for fun.

a) part taken in b) take part in c) take part with d) taking in part

18. Since the rainstorm came _____, it did a lot of damage in the area.

a) surprisingly b) rapid c) in hurry d) suddenly

19. I'll be home late. Please don't _____ me.

a) wait up on b) wait up for c) waiting up for d) be wait up for

20. Who will _____ your dog while you are away"

a) look after b) be look after c) to look after d) for looking after

21. The new teacher loves poems and makes us _____.

a) learn them heartily b) heartily learn them c) learn them by heart d) learning by heart them

22. _____ I like to do something completely spontaneous.

a) every so often b) every often so c) very so often d) very often so

23. Please _____ soon.

a) your mind make up b) up and make your mind

c) make up your mind d) make upon your mind

24. Taking photos here is _____.

a) questionably b) out of question c) out of the question d) out for the question 25. My assistant John will be _____ in my absence.

a) charging b) on charge c) in charge d) for charge

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EXERCISE 9 Form words by matching the correct prefixes with the adjectives below. Complete each sentence with a word formed from the box.

PREFIXES ADJECTIVES

dis im un in ir self-

mature appropriate imaginable conscious honest rational

Example:

“Candice is so immature that no one would guess she is actually twenty-nine years old.”

a. “For some reason, Steven seemed very worried about how he would look when we asked him if he would make a speech. I didn’t know he was so ____________________.”

b. “Blue jeans and sneakers are generally considered ____________________ for formal

occasions.”

c. “You’d have to see it to really understand; the beauty of the Sistine Chapel is ___________________.”

d. “That would give him the wrong impression; it would be false and _______________.”

e. “Fear of something that is actually harmless is ____________________.”

EXERCISE 10

Read each sentence. Write a sentence expressing your opinion about it. Use a possessive with a gerund and one of the verbs in the box.

Appreciate like mind object

Example: A woman who works with you smokes in the office.

I don’t like her smoking in the office.

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1. Your colleague listens to music all the time while he is working.

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. You started a new job where everyone dresses in casual attire on Fridays.

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. Your colleague often talks on the phone to his friends while he is at work.

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Your husband (or wife) keeps the light on at night while he (or she) sleeps.

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Your town is building a new park behind your house.

_______________________________________________________________________________

6. Your neighbor’s children are always yelling.

_______________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 11 Find, circle and correct the mistake in each one of the sentences.

a. He was quite amusing when he heard what had happened. b. Turn left by the crossroads when you reach it. c. He has been working here for sometimes. d. He stopped to see if he could picked up the trail. e. Although he jumped aside, but the stone hit him. f. I decided to climbed to the top of the hill to get a better view. g. He jumped down after shouted a warning to those standing below. h. After a few minutes, I look up and saw that it was getting dark. i. I saw the blind man crossed the busy road without any help. j. The robber gave the victim with a hard blow. k. Each of the nurses report to the operating room when his or her name is called. l. Because blood from different individuals may different in the type of antigen on the surface

of the red cells and the type of antibody in the plasma, a dangerous reaction can occur between the donor and recipient in a blood transfusion.

m. Both viruses also genes are made from nucleoproteins, the essential chemicals with which living matter duplicates itself.

n. Although the Red Cross accepts blood from most donors, the nurses will not leave you give blood if you have just had a cold.

o. Economists have tried to discourage the use of the phrase "underdeveloped nation" and encouraging the more accurate phrase "developing nation" in order to suggest an ongoing process.

p. Since infection can cause both fever as well as pain, it is a good idea to check a patient's temperature.

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q. Nuclear powers production in the US is controlled by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission [NRC].

r. The intent of the Historical Society is to restore old buildings and the increase of interest in the history of the area.

s. The volume four of our encyclopedia set has been missing for two months. t. Professor Duncan teaches both anthropology as well as sociology each fall.

USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1

READ THE SENTENCES BELOW AND THINK OF THE WORD WHICH BEST FITS EACH GAP. USE ONLY ONE WORD IN EACH GAP.

a. There were very ___________________ people at the party when we arrived but half an hour later, it was crowded.

b. How was I to know that she would have an allergic reaction _____________________ the nuts in the cake? She should have said something!

c. Arthritis is a very painful _______________________ that affects not only the old but also many younger people making many everyday activities difficult.

d. He said he couldn't come to the meeting because of a previous engagement but I think he is just _______________________ excuses.

e. You were driving at over fifty miles ____________________ hour and the limit here is only forty. f. I ____________________________ to go to school now, otherwise I will be late. g. I can eat almost ___________________________type of fish or seafood except for octopus which

I can't stand. h. The city is pretty safe although you may have some problems if you go into certain neighborhoods

______________________________night.

Exercise 2

FOR QUESTIONS 1-10, READ THE TEXT BELOW AND THINK OF THE WORD WHICH BEST FITS EACH GAP. USE ONLY ONE WORD IN EACH GAP. THERE IS AN EXAMPLE AT THE BEGINNING.

THE RISE OF THE CITIES

For the first time in history, there are now more people living in urban areas (0) than in country areas. Whereas (1) _______________ 1970 about 37% of the world's population lived in towns and cities, that figure was up to 47% by 2000. By 2030 it will probably (2) _______________ risen to over 60%, so it looks as (3) _______________ there will be five billion people living in urban areas within a couple of decades. Overall (4) _______________ fastest increase has been in the poorer countries, as richer parts (5) _______________ the world already had two-thirds of their people living in cities back in 1970. Europe and North America, as (6) _______________ as Latin America, now have three-quarters of their citizens in urban areas. Just as the total urban population (7) _______________ grown, so the number of extremely big cities has increased. In 1975 there were just five cities with over ten million inhabitants, but that figure has (8) _______________ steadily increasing. A report published (9) _______________ the United Nations predicts that by 2015 there will be 26 such cities, most of them (10) _______________ Asia.

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Exercise 3

CHOOSE THE WORD, A, B, OR C THAT BEST COMPLETES EACH SENTENCE AND WRITE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ASNWER ON THE LINE.

This western region, lying next to the ocean, has some of the most beautiful (0) C) scenery in the entire country. Although there are some small villages along the (1)______ in the entire country, it is a long way to the nearest big town. No railways or motorways connect this region with the rest of the world, so it feels quite (2) ________ here. To the north, the huge White Mountains almost cut the region off from the flat (3) ______ of the interior. The only way through them is over a high pass and down a narrow river (4) _____. This is a particularly beautiful area, with spectacular white (5) _________ on either side as streams tumble from the mountains high above. All around are dense (6) ________ of pine trees, covered in snow in winter, and eventually the river pours into a lovely blue (7) __________ over a kilometer in width. From there to the sea there is a series of green (8) _____ full of wild flowers in spring, and then a line of (9) ________, built up over the centuries by the winds sweeping in from the ocean and across the sand. Behind these lies a small blue (10) _________ once part of the ocean and still filled with sea water.

EXAMPLE: A ) view B) sight C) scenery D) scene

1 A) beach B) Coast C) Area D) Shore 2 A) Isolated B) Urban C) Crowded D) Cosmopolitan 3 A) Hills B) Shores C) Dunes D) Plains 4 A) Beach B) Gap C) Valley D) Slope 5 A) Tides B) Waterfalls C) Currents D) Channels 6 A) Hedges B) Bushes C) Forests D) Fences 7 A) Lake B) Beach C) Puddle D) Pond 8 A) Lands B) Grounds C) Beaches D) Fields 9 A) Peaks B) Dunes C) Deserts D) Mountains 10 A) Bath B) Pond C) Lagoon D) Driver

Exercise 4

CHOOSE THE WORD, A, B, C OR D THAT BEST COMPLETES EACH SENTENCE AND WRITE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ASNWER ON THE LINE.

Our trip to Greece began at six in the morning, when my family and I set off from the house in our old car. We'd only gone a mile when we got a (1) _____ tire, and after we'd fixed that we had to hurry to the airport. We (2) _____ to reach the check-in just before it closed, then went through to the departure lounge. Soon we were (3) _____ the plane, and looking forward to our week on an island in the sun. I had a window seat, but since I was directly above the (4) _____ I couldn't see much, so I asked the flight (5) _____ if I could move to another seat. She found me one nearer the front of the plane, and later on I had a wonderful (6) _____ of the snow-covered mountains as we crossed over the Austrian Alps. The weather became sunnier as we approached Greece, and our plane arrived right on (7) _____ at Athens airport. Half an hour after we landed, we (8) _____ the train for the centre of Athens, where we (9) _____ trains for the port of Piraeus. It wasn't long before we were on the waterfront. After a short wait we were on board our ferry and sailing out to sea. It was a lovely trip, and when finally we reached our destination, the holiday was a (10) _____ come true.

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1 A) flat B) level C) dead D) broken 2 A) could B) managed C) able D) succeeded 3 A) riding B) flying C) stepping D) boarding 4 A) wing B) mast C) platform D) sail 5 A) officer B) helper C) assistant D) attendant 6 A) scene B) view C) sight D) scenery 7 A) moment B) hour C) time D) minute 8 A) got into B) got onto C) got up D) got over 9 A) changed B) moved C) replaced D) exchanged 10 A) plan B) hope C) thought D) dream

Exercise 5: CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER AND WRITE IT ON THE LINE.

CHANGES IN THE COUNTRYSIDE

Back in my childhood days, summer was always the time we stayed at my grandparents’ house, usually 1______ (A. BY, B. DURING, C. FOR, D. SINCE) six weeks or even longer. It wasn’t particularly hot, but there seemed to be endless sunshine all the time we were there. Most days, we used to go swimming with the 2 _______ (A. DISTRIC, B. CLOSE, C. LOCAL, D. NEARBY) kids. They had made a large pool in the river that 3 _______ (A. FLOWED, B. LEAKED, C. WASHED, D. STREAMED) from the nearby mountains, which in those days still had a thick 4 _______ (A. SHEET, B. SLICE, C. LAYER, D. BAND) of snow on top until early July.

Nowadays the temperatures seem higher and we rarely have any 5 _______ (A. STRONG, B. DEEP, C. HEAVY, D. EXTREME) rain, so that in summer there is 6 _______ (A. NEARLY, B. REALLY, C. SIMPLY. D. HARDLY) any water in the river. Possibly for the same 7 _______ (A. CAUSES, B. REASONS, C. PURPOSES, D. METHODS), the countryside seemed much greener then, with thick grass and wild flowers 8 _______ (A. SHOOTING, B. GROWING, C. PLANTING, D. RISING) everywhere.

Today, sadly, everything looks brown and lifeless, 9 _______ (A. EXCEPT, B. APART, C. OTHER, D. BESIDES) for the valleys and the higher ground. In fact, some areas are completely black and burnt, because of the 10 _____________ (A. greatly, B. increasingly, C. largely, D. progressively) common wildfires that destroy everything in their path.

All this, people say, has been brought 11 _______ (A. over, B. up, C. in , D. about) by climate change, which is now 12 _______ (A. making, B. doing, C. having, D. causing) a terrible effect on many parts of our planet.

Exercise 6: READ THE TEXT BELOW AND THINK OF THE WORD WHICH BEST FITS EACH GAP. USE ONLY ONE WORD IN EACH GAP.

EMAILING IS GOOD FOR YOU

Recent research in the United States appears to show that sending emails can be good 1 ___________ people’s mental and physical health. The study, carried out by a team of psychologists on a university campus, looked at the cases of students 2 ______________ lives had been affected by serious events, including accidents and exam failure.

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They discovered that individuals who wrote emails describing their experiences were much 3 _______________ likely to fall ill. These individuals missed far fewer classes 4 ________________ of illness than students who wrote no emails. The researchers also found that reporting feelings by email improved people’s mood, enabling them to cope better 5 _______________ their problems.

Significantly, the amount of change in mood does not seem to depend 6 ________________ who will read the emails. 7 __________________________, it appears, shows that the benefit comes from expressing one’s emotions, rather 8 ___________________________ keeping them to oneself and allowing them to cause greater stress.

Some will say that the study tells us nothing new, that it has 9 ________________ known for a long time that sharing feelings helps reduce stress. Other forms of communication, such 10 ________________ writing letters, can make people feel better, too. This 11 ________________ well be true, but sending an email is 12 ________________ quick and easy that maybe the positive effect on our emotions is more immediate.

Exercise 7: Choose the correct answer.

EQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

Schools, among other functions, are avenues of social mobility in our society. They provide one of the

means by which children of the well-to-do maintain their families' class position and children of the poor

rise to new and higher slots in the social scale. Since our society is (1) _____ the ideal of a relatively open

(2) _____ system, one in which (3) ______ has a chance to rise, the (4) _______ to which our public schools

give everyone a (5) ________to acquire the knowledge, skills and (6) ______ necessary for that mobility

is a matter of public (7) _______. To the degree that the schools discriminate against (8) _______ groups,

our class system is tightening up a little (9) _________. Social scientists have repeatedly (10) ________

themselves to this problem, looking (11) _______ the fact and consequences of (12) _______.

The notion of "equality of educational" (13) ________ is extremely ambiguous and on its (14) ______

depends the diagnosis and treatment of the (15) _______. Does it mean that every child, (16) _______ of

his or her class position, (17) ______ be provided with equal facilities of a material (18) _______, and then

left to shift for (19) _________? Or is simply providing an (20) ________number of books, teachers and

schoolrooms, without taking into (21) _________ the differences in ability to learn what the school has to

teach, only a more (22) ________ form of discrimination against the Iower-class (23) _________ who has

not been (24) _________ to take full advantage of these resources? Can we (25) _________ equality only

by providing better- than-average (26) __________ for those of less-than-average (27) ___________ as

we do for the physically (28) _________? Or would this again fail to deal with discrimination, (29)

________ an educational program built around (30) ________ ideals, no matter what the facilities are,

slights the possibilities of the handicapped child at the expense of those possessed by the middle-class

child ?

1 A) against B) committed to C) disputing 2 A) institutional B) class C) political 3 A) no one B) someone C) everyone 4 A) degree B) function C) courses

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Exercise 8: Choose the correct answer. INTELLIGENCE LIFE BEYOND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

For thousands of years man has wondered whether he is alone in the universe or whether there might be other worlds in the universe populated by creatures more or less like himself. The common view, both in early times and through the Middle Ages, was that the earth was the only world in the universe. Nevertheless, many mythologies populated the sky with divine beings, certainly a kind of extraterrestrial life.

Many early philosophers held that (1) _____ XIX was not unique to the earth. Metrodorus, an Epicurean (2) ______ in the 3rd and the 4th centuries (3) _____, argued that "to consider the (4) _____ the only populated world in infinite space is (5) ____ absurd as to assert that in an entire (6) _____ sown with millet, only one (7) ____ Will grow." Since the Renaissance there have been (8)_____ fluctuations in the fashion of (9) _____. In the late 18th century, for example, practically all informed opinion held that (10) ____ of the planets was populated by more or less intelligent (11) ____; in the early 20th century, (12) _____, the prevailing informed opinion held that the chances for extraterrestrial intelligent life were insignificant. In (13) ____ , the subject of intelligent extraterrestrial life is for many people a touchstone of their beliefs and desires, some individuals very urgently (14)_____ there to be extraterrestrial intelligence, and others wanting equally fervently for there not to be such life. For this (15) ______, it is important to approach the subject in an unbiased frame of mind as possible.

5 A) chance B) scholarship C) program 6 A) position B) diplomas C) transportation 7 A) life B) relations C) concern 8 A) lower B) well to do C) feminine 9 A) less B) equally C) more 10 A) addressed B) solved C) hidden 11 A) back B) for C) After 12 A) education B) discrimination C) Mobility 13 A) Opportunity B) system C) Ideals 14 A) Notion B) class C) definition 15 A) society B) system C) problem 16 A) regardless B) including C) submitted 17 A) should B) can´t C) was 18 A) Situation B) Sort C) pedagogic 19 A) himself B) transportation C) knowledge 20 A) difficult B) equal C) expensive 21 A) the classroom B) account C) definition 22 A) Subtle B) Rectangular C) Analytical 23 A) Student B) teacher C) authorities 24 A) Paid B) impeded C) trained 25 A) Achieve B) fight C) go 26 A) facilities B) students C) salaries 27 A) families B) universities C) resources 28 A) handicapped B) middle-class C) absent 29 A) however B) together C) since 30 A) middle-class B) foreign C) irrelevant

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Exercise 9: Choose the correct answer. THE BIRTH OF MODERN DANCE The history of the classical ballet follows a straight Path from court dance to Diaghilev. As an aristocratic art, performed both by and for the upper classes for a great part of its history, it was cocooned from outside pressures and carefully recorded. Only with the advent of Diaghilev did it become truly a " (1)______ " art. In the earliest days of the romantic ballet, (2) ______ at the Paris Opera were drawn from a limited (3) _______ group and at its peak in St. Petersburg most of the (4) ______ were reserved for the Tsar and its court. Commercial pressure and social _(5) ______ widened the audience when Diaghilev first came to Paris. The only other (6) ______ performance available to the general public were (7) _______ acts within the framework of a variety bill, some of them of a very high standard. (8) _______ has no such cloistered history and its roots lie in many directions: (9) _______ expression, revolt against the establishment, a reaction to the formality of (10) _______ ballet. It has become primarily an American art, fitting to a (11) _______ country with no tradition of classical ballet, a fierce sense of independence and very (12) _______ ethnic mix.

To define "modern dance" is not (13) _______ . At its simplest it could be said to consist of heightened natural (14) _______ expressing a strong theme of real significance, but from this base it is (15) _______ to identify almost as many schools of thought as there are performers. They can be loosely grouped into schools' but only that of Martha Graham has approached anything comparable to the structure and organization of classical ballet. Modern dance scene is one of constant change, grouping and regrouping, inevitable view of its intensively personal nature.

1 A) life B) divinity C) origin 2 A) philosopher B) philosophy C) theory 3 A) B.C. B) after C) before 4 A) universe B) earth C) sky 5 A) not B) as C) probably 6 A) crop B) creature C) field 7 A) grain B) fish C) possibility 8 A) no B) any C) several 9 A) belief B) life C) science 10 A) each B) evidence C) life 11 A) worlds B) conditions C) beings 12 A) by contrast B) in conclusion C) consequently 13 A) science B) fact C) time 14 A) noticing B) not wanting C) wanting 15 A) opinion B) reason C) probability

1 A) true B) noble C) public 2 A) craftsmen B) patrons C) seats 3 A) social B) classical C) young 4 A) seats B) dances C) theaters 5 A) stability B) revolt C) change 6 A) musical B)inexpensive C) ballet 7 A) ballet B)individual C) scientific

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Exercise 10: Choose the correct answer.

WHO WILL CONTROL IMMIGRANT LABOR?

The ever greater role of Mexican and other immigrant workers in the U.S. economy and their exploitation at the hands of agriculture, industrial and service employers produced two interrelated developments in the late seventies. On one hand, there were numerous efforts by the immigrants to organize themselves into unions and other forms of class organization. On the other hand, federal, state and local governments moved to better control and manipulate the immigrant population and to keep the disorganized divided from the larger working class.

The most visible recent ___1___ of Mexican immigrant workers to ___2____ themselves date back to the ___3____ protests against the dragnet ___4___ of Chicano barrios begun under the ___5___ administration. Thousands upon thousands were ___6___ including many who were legally in the ___7___ but had no documents to ___8___ it – but the INS’s tactics also triggered a ___9___ and organized response from the ___10___ and Latino communities, who ___11____ the slogan, “an injury against one is an ___12___ to all.”

Community –run legal aid and barrio ___13___ began to offer their ___14___ to the undocumented. The defense of the ___15___ arrived immigrant became rallying cry ___16___ Chicano / Mexicano student in high schools and ___17___. And grassroots organizations of ___18___ workers sprang in L.A., San Diego, Chicano and other ___19___ to protest their vicious ___20___ by police and employers. With militant ___21___ through downtown streets picket lines ___22___ INS headquarters, legal ___23___ and the garnering of ___24___ from progressive anglo and ___25___ organizations and several trade ___26___, they let the White House know ___27___ if it continued these ___28___ it would have war on ___29___.

1 A) Rebellions B) efforts C) opposition 2 A) Disorganize B) organize C) attack 3 A) Government B) B) individual C) mass 4 A) Houses B) B) raids C) protection 5 A) Chicano B) B) Nixon C) Mexican 6 A) Organized B) B) protected C) deported 7 A) Studies B) B) unions C) country 8 A) Exploit B) B) prove C) manipulate 9 A) Militant B) B) government C) police 10 A) Federal B) B) Chicano C) class

8 A) Modern B) Folk C) Traditional 9 A) individual B) aristocratic C) Traditional 10 A) ancient B) real C) classical 11 A) young B) wild C) conservative 12 A) exercise B) expression C) movements 13 A) strange B) common C) difficult 14 A) considerable B) rare C) small 15 A) probable B) possible C) difficult

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11 A) Adopted B) attacked C) explained 12 A) Injury B) service C) protest 13 A) Policemen B) newspaper C) centers 14 A) Control B) movement C) services 15 A) Old B) never C) newly 16 A) Two B) many C) no 17 A) Governments B) universities C) primary schools 18 A) Undocumented B) bad C) deported 19 A) Government B) immigrants C) areas 20 A) Studies B) treatment C) alcoholism 21 A) Classes B) newspapers C) marches 22 A) In the B) far from C) in front of 23 A) Suits B) books C) workers 24 A) Support B) opposition C) undocumented 25 A) Employers B) Hispanic C) police 26 A) Unions B) offices C) enemies 27 A) That B) immigrants C) never 28 A) Organization B) President C) tactics 29 A) Mexican B) employers C) its

Exercise 1: Word / Sentence Transformation READ THE TEXT BELOW. USE THE WORD GIVEN IN CAPITALS AT THE END OF SOME OF THE LINES TO FORM A WORD THAT FITS IN THE GAP IN THE SAME LINE.

Staying safe in the gym

Gyms are fun, but they can also be quite dangerous in places. All too often, it is only after you have

paid to join a health club or gym that you notice the 1 ______________ (FAULT) equipment, or discover

that the staff have not had proper 2 ________________ (TRAIN)

So before you hand over any money, have a good look around. First, make sure that the place is not too

3 ___________ (CROWD) you don’t want to be bumping into other people doing different 4

___________ (ACTIVE), or queuing up to use equipment.

Check there is enough ventilation from open windows or air conditioning to 5 ________________ (SURE) that the air remains cool. Otherwise, with all those people hard at work, the place can quickly become 6 _________________ (HEATED) and unpleasant.

Also, check how clean the gym is, and take note of 7 _____________ (TIDY) in general. Weights left lying around on the floor can be a danger, as can other people’s 8 __________________ (BELONG) if they are too close to where you are exercising.

Finally, remember that gyms are great places for building up your strength and 9 __________________ (FIT), but the most important

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Exercise 2:

COMPLETE THE SECOND SENTENCE SO THAT IT HAS A SIMILAR MEANING TO THE FIRST SENTENCE, USING THE WORD GIVEN. DO NOT CHANGE THE WORD GIVEN. YOU MUST USE BETWEEN TWO AND FIVE WORDS, INCLUDING THE WORD GIVEN.

1. Two detectives questioned the suspects. INTERVIEWED

The suspects _______________________________ two detectives.

2. We haven’t been to this part of the country before.

TIME

This is the ______________________________ been to this part of the country.

3. ‘Where did you buy your coat?’ my friend asked me. WHERE

My friend asked me __________________________________ coat.

4. Although the traffic was heavy, we arrived on time.

SPITE

We arrived on time, ________________________________ traffic.

5. They’re going to mend my computer at the shop. REPAIRED

I’m going _____________________________________ at the shop.

6. You were supposed to be here half an hour ago!

HAD TO

You ______________________________ here half an hour ago!

7. I suggest thinking very carefully before you decide. HAD

You ________________________________ very carefully before you decide.

8. I hadn’t walked that far before, so I was very tired.

USED

I was very tired because I ____________________________ that far.

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Exercise 3 COMPLETE EACH OF A-J WITH A WORD ENDING IN –ING OR –ED FORMED FROM THE WORD IN CAPITALS THAT IS AT THE END OF EACH SENTENCE.

1. The team was _______________ after crossing the Arctic ice on foot. EXHAUST

2. People can do some _______________ things when they really want to. AMAZE

3. I was so _______________ after waiting outside the exhibition for two hours.

BORE

4. Going to the funfair with friends is a really ________________ day out. EXCITE

5. Could you stop that please? It’s a very _________________ noise. ANNOY

Exercise 4 In these exercises, you need to take the information in the first sentence and re-write it, using the word in bold so that the second sentence has exactly the same meaning. You cannot change the word in bold in ANY way. You can use only a maximum of FIVE words for each space. Only use contractions for negatives: e.g. don't / hadn't / wouldn't, etc.

1. Many people think Steve stole the money.

Believed Steve _____________________________________________________ the money.

2. The strong winds blew down the two ancient trees during the storm. Blown

The two ancient trees _________________________________________ the storm. 3. He doesn't have enough money to buy the computer.

Too The computer __________________________________________________ to buy.

4. "You should start a new hobby, Mr. Jenkins", the doctor said. Take

The Doctor advised _________________________________________ a new hobby. 5. We have been waiting here since half past ten. For

We have been waiting _________________________________________ one hour. 6. The man suddenly realized that the neighbor was watching him. Watched

The man suddenly realized that he _____________________________ the neighbor. 7. I could never have passed that exam without your help. You

I could never have passed that exam ___________________________________ me. 8. We paid some people to landscape the garden for us last year. Had

We __________________________________________________________ last year.

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Exercise 5

In these exercises, you need to take the information in the first sentence and re-write it, using the word in bold so that the second sentence has exactly the same meaning. You cannot change the word in bold in ANY way. You can use only a maximum of FIVE words for each space. Only use contractions for negatives: e.g. don't / hadn't / wouldn't, etc.

1. "How about going to the cinema tonight?", said Anne Suggested

Ann ________________________________ to the cinema.

2. My advice to you is to talk to your parents. Would

If ____________________________________ talk to my parents.

3. Barry wasn't strong enough to lift the box. Have

Barry didn’t _______________________________________ to lift the box

4. They started the company in 1997. Set

The company _____________________________________ 1997

5. I think Jean really likes Simon. Keen

Jean _____________________________________ Simon.

6. I was made responsible for foreign sales Charge

They put ____________________________ foreign sales.

7. The brothers really enjoyed themselves in Spain last summer. Time

The brothers really _______________________________ in Spain last summer.

8. The Queen is opening the new school tomorrow afternoon. Opened

The new school __________________________________ Queen tomorrow afternoon.

Exercise 6 FOR A-J USE THE WORD GIVEN TO FORM A WORD THAT COMPLETES EACH SENTENCE.

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1. For an evening of fun and _____________________ (LAUGH), I´d recommend the new comedy club.

2. The food at Jane´s house was so __________________ (TASTE) that I asked her for more. 3. Are you __________________ (ABSOLUTE) sure that this is the right address? 4. It´s terribly __________________ (HEALTH) to eat food with so much sugar and fat in it. 5. In winter, the restaurant´s daytime _______________ (OPEN) hours are 11:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. 6. Karen isn´t very well, but I´m __________________ (HOPE) she´ll get better soon. 7. Mick´s car isn´t very ___________________ (RELY) and it keeps breaking down. 8. As long as you eat it in __________________ (MODERATE), food like that will do you no harm. 9. The microwave isn´t working properly; it´s making a _________________ (MYSTERY) sound.

Exercise 7

Complete each sentence by using the noun form of the correct verb or adjective from the box. You will not use all of the words.

fair possible difficult explain mobile different develop attract strict

Example: “Sally’s friends couldn’t understand her attraction to Mike, because they thought he was rude and vain.”

a. “We never expected to have such ____________________ deciding what to do on the weekend.”

b. “He always appreciated his parents’ ____________________; they never treated one child

better than the others.”

c. “Historians don’t have a good ____________________ for why the city was destroyed.”

d. “I can’t see much ____________________ between this dog and that one—they look almost exactly the same.”

e. “Teenagers often rebel against their parents’ rules; too much ____________________ can

just make things worse.”

f. “I’d like to know your schedule for next week. Is there any ____________________ that we can have a meeting next Tuesday?”

g. “If you got a cell phone, you wouldn’t have to stay in the office. With that kind of

____________________, you could visit all your clients in person.”

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Exercise 8 FOR QUESTIONS 1-10, READ THE TEXT BELOW. USE THE WORDS GIVEN IN CAPITALS INSIDE THE BOX TO FORM A WORD THAT FITS IN THE GAP IN THE SAME LINE.

My friends

My friend Emma goes to my school, and we are (0) classmates this year. She likes to do new and interesting things, as she's quite (1) ___________________, but she's also very (2) ___________________ because she doesn't take unnecessary risks. She's an easy-going person and never gets (3) ____________________ which is another thing I like about her, and she's never (4) ________________________ either.

Ben is different. In fact, he's quite different from anyone else I know. He's (5) __________________ in the way he dresses, and he never does what people tell him to do. He's (6) _________________________, but at the same time he has a lot of special skills and (7) _______________________. For instance, he writes, draws and plays music with a lot of imagination, so he's highly (8) ________________________. He's also brilliant at telling jokes. Sometimes I think he's so (9) _________________________ that one day he might become a professional (10) ___________________.

Exercise 9 FOR QUESTIONS 1-10, READ THE TEXT BELOW. USE THE WORDS GIVEN IN CAPITALS INSIDE THE BOX TO FORM A WORD THAT FITS IN THE GAP IN THE SAME LINE.

SERIAL TV

Few people nowadays can be (0) UNAWARE of the existence of 'soaps', shown weekly or even (1) _______________________. Some of them are so (2) ____________________ that they are impossible to believe. The characters are nothing like ordinary people and the stories are often (3) _____________________. In fact, in my opinion most soaps give a totally (4) ________________________ picture of modern society. Surely people in real life are not as (5) _______________________, or as (6) _______________________ to their friends, as these awful TV characters? It seems (7) _______________________ to me that anywhere in this country there could be so many (8) _______________________ people behaving so badly and doing so many (9) ______________________ things. I cannot be the only person who wishes these unpleasant programmes would (10) ______________________ from our television screens forever.

Example 0) Class 1) ADVENTURE 2) SENSE 3) ARGUMENT 4) BOSS 5) CONVENTION

6) REBEL 7) ABLE 8) CREATE 9) HUMOUR 10) COMEDY

Example 0) AWARE

1) DAY 2) REAL 3) PROBABLE 4) ACCURATE 5) HONEST

6) LOYAL 7) LIKELY 8) CIVILISED 9) LEGAL 10) APPEAR

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Exercise 10 In these exercises, you need to take the information in the first sentence and re-write it, using the word in bold so that the second sentence has exactly the same meaning. You cannot change the word in bold in ANY way. You can use only a maximum of FIVE words for each space. Only use contractions for negatives: e.g. don't / hadn't / wouldn't, etc.

1. How long have you had your new car?

Get

When ___________________________________________________ your new car?

2. Is this your first time driving a Volvo?

Ever

Have __________________________________________________ before?

3. Leave the shop or I will call the police.

Unless

I'll call the police ______________________________________________________.

4. I would like to be able to speak Arabic.

Could

I wish___________________________________________________________ .

5. The Lord of Brecon built this castle in 1286.

By

This castle ___________________________________________________ of Brecon in 1286.

6. Our teachers never let us leave the school.

To

We were not __________________________________________________ by our teachers.

7. I graduated from college a year ago today!

Time

I graduated from college ____________________________________________________ year!

8. I couldn't reach the shelf. It was too high.

To

The shelf ____________________________________________________________________ .

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LISTENING SECTION Exercise 1

YOU WILL HEAR PEOPLE TALKING IN EIGHT DIFFERENT SITUATIONS. FOR QUESTIONS 1–8, CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER, (A, B OR C).

1. You hear a man talking about the town he is in. Who is he?

A. A RESIDENT OF THE TOWN B. A BUSINESS VISITOR C. A FOREIGN TOUR GUIDE

2. You hear a young woman talking about a night out. Where did she go?

A. A CONCERT B. A FRIEND´S PARTY C. THE CINEMA

3. You hear a student talking to a salesman in a furniture shop. What is the problem with the bed?

A. ITS PRICE B. ITS SIZE C. ITS COLOUR

4. You hear a recorded telephone message about a meeting. What does the woman want to change?

A. THE DAY B. THE TIME C. THE PLACE

5. You hear a conversation about setting up a website. What difficulty is the man having?

A. HE NEEDS MORE TIME B. HE DOESN´T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY

C. HE HAS AN OLD COMPUTER

6. You hear a young man talking about a journey. Why did they miss the train?

A. THEY LEFT THE HOUSE TOO LATE

B. THEY WENT TO THE WRONG STATION

C. THEY DIDN’T HAVE TICKETS

7. You hear a woman talking to a man. Who are they talking about?

A. A RELATIVE B. A CLOSE FRIEND C. A WORK COLLEAGUE

8. You hear an interview with a man. What is he?

A. A MUSICIAN B. A TENNIS PLAYER C. AN ACTOR

Exercise 2

YOU WILL HEAR PEOPLE TALKING IN EIGHT DIFFERENT SITUATIONS. FOR QUESTIONS 1–8, CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER, (A, B OR C).

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1. You hear a man reading the travel news on the radio. Why is he speaking?

A. TO REPORT AN ACCIDENT B. TO WARN OF DANGERS C. TO SUGGEST ANOTHER ROUTE

2. You hear a woman talking. What does she do?

A. SHE´S A MEDICAL STUDENT B. SHE STUDIES HISTORY C. SHE´S A DOCTOR

3. You hear a salesman talking. What is he trying to sell?

A. TELEVISION B. A PIANO C. A COMPUTER

4. You hear two people talking. Where are they?

A. AN AIRPORT B. A BUS STATION C. A RAILWAY STATION

5. You hear a woman talking about her new flat. Which room is she describing?

A. THE KITCHEN B. THE BEDROOM C. THE BATHROOM

6. You hear a young man talking about his work. How does he feel when he is speaking in public?

A. CONFIDENT B. NERVOUS C. BORED

7. You hear an interview on the radio. Why did the woman decide to become a pianist?

A. HER MOTHER WAS ALSO A MUSICIAN

B. SHE HAD A VERY GOOD MUSIC TEACHER

C. SHE LIKED PLAYING FOR OTHER PEOPLE

8. You hear a man talking about a film he has just watched. What is his opinion of the film?

A. IT IS BORING B. IT IS EXCITING C. IT IS FRIGHTENING

Exercise 3

WRITE ON THE LINE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER.

1. How did Laura – Jane and the programme makers first make contact? ______

a) The programme –makers emailed lots of choir singers, including Laura – Jane b) Laura – Jane phoned the TV company c) The programme – makers went to see her choir

2. Laura – Jane was amazed that

______ a) The programme – makers were interested in a Cambridge student b) So many people from the TV company went to see her c) The programme - makers started filming so soon

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3. Laura – Jane´s new identity was going to be ______

a) BJ, lead singer of the band Remake b) JJ, lead singer of the band Reloaded c) LJ, lead singer of the band Rehab

4. According to Laura – Jane, why were arguments with Harry inevitable? ______

a) Harry leads a real rock singer’s lifestyle b) Harry and Laura – Jane both have strong opinions c) They only had four weeks for all the training

5. Laura – Jane thought her first rock concert ______

a) Was not very safe b) Was frightening but fun c) Was fun, but not something she’d want to do again

6. In what sense was Laura – Jane’s training a failure? ______

a) She didn’t really change her style or attitude b) She didn’t enjoy the whole experience of becoming a rock singer c) She didn’t make the judges believe that she was a real singer

7. One positive result of the experience is that it made Laura – Jane ______

a) Change her view on life b) Become a more confident person c) Change her opinion of rock singers

Exercise 4

LISTEN TO THE LECTURE ABOUT CHARITY. WRITE ON THE LINE THE LETTER “T” FOR TRUE AND “F” FOR FALSE. 1 About 75% of people give money. _______ 2 When a cause has an enemy or a threat, people tend to give less money. _______ 3 Most people seem to feel the same about giving money that about giving time. _______ 4 80% of the population say they have volunteered at some point. _______ 5 Though the facts are not clear, most economist feel that less wealthy people give

more money that rich people. _______

6 One problem with the information on philanthropy is getting people to be modest about how much they give.

_______

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7 Givers are often different from non – givers because they want give back to society. _______ 8 Many teachers and parents feel that giving to others cannot be taught. _______ 9 In some high schools, community service is paid like a job. _______

Exercise 5

LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AND WRITE ON THE LINE THE LETTER OF THE BEST ANSWER.

1. Where was the man coming from when he first saw the UFO? ______

a. He was returning home from a party. b. He just got off work when he saw the UFO. c. He was driving home from a restaurant.

2. What time did the man report the incident to the police? ______

a. about 12:00 AM b. about 3:00 AM c. about 5:00 AM

3. What jumped out in front of the man's car? ______

a. a giant deer b. a strange man c. a hairy alien

4. What happened next to the man? _____

a. He walked to a flying saucer. b. He followed the animal to a plane. c. He was carried to a spaceship.

5. What does the police officer suggest at the end of the story? ______

a. They should call the fire department. b. The man should seek counseling. c. The man should contact the newspaper.

Exercise 6

LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AGAIN ABOUT THE UFO EVENT AND FILL IN THE MISSING INFORMATION.

Police Officer: Hello. 24th Precinct. Officer Jones speaking. Man: Help. Yeah, uh, it was (1) ___________________, I mean really bizarre. Police Officer: Calm down sir! Now, what do you want to (2) _______________________? Man: Well, I'd like to report a UFO sighting.

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Police Officer: A what? Man: What do you mean "what?" An unidentified flying object! Police Officer: Wait, tell me (3)____________________ what you saw. Man: Well, I was driving home from a (4)__________________ about three hours ago, so it was about 2:00 AM, when I saw this bright light (5)_______________________. Police Officer: Okay. And then what happened? Man: Oh, man. It was, well, out of this world. I stopped to (6)_________________________ the light when it disappeared behind a hill about a kilometer ahead of me. Police Officer: Alright. Then what? Man: Well, I got back in my car and started driving toward where the UFO (7)______________________. Police Officer: Now, how do you know it was a UFO? Perhaps you only saw the lights of an airplane [No], or the (8)___________________of an approaching car [No]. Things like that happen, you know. Man: Well if it was that, how do you explain "the BEAST"? Police Officer: What do you mean, "the BEAST"? Man: Okay. I kept driving for about five minutes when all of a (9)______________________, this giant, hairy creature jumped out in front of my car. Police Officer: Oh, yeah. Then what? Man: Well, then, the beast (10) ___________________ up the front of my car and said, "Get out of the car. I'm taking you to my master!" Something like that. Police Officer: Wow? A hairy alien who can speak English! Come on! Man: I'm not making this up, if that's what you're (11)_______________. Then, when I didn't get out of the car, the beast opened the car door, carried me on his (12)________________ to this round-shaped flying saucer, and well, that's when I woke up alongside the road. The beast must knocked me out and left me there. Police Officer: Well, that's the best story I've heard all night, sir. Now, have you been taking any (13)_______________, drugs, or alcohol in the last 24 hours? You (14)__________________ you went to a party. Man: What? Well, I did have a few beers, but I'm telling the truth. Police Officer: Okay, okay. We have a great therapist that (15)_________________________ with THESE kinds of cases. Man: I'm not crazy. Police Officer: Well, we'll look into your story. Thank you. Exercise 7 DIRECTIONS: LISTEN TO AN INTERVIEW WITH A MALE TOP MODEL WHO IS TALKING ABOUT HIS CAREER AND FILL IN THE BLANKS. THE FASHION INDUSTRY Trisha Well. Glyn you’re been called the ______________ male supermodel. Would you agree with that?

Glyn Not really Trisha, to be honest, I think having a ____________ designer as a wife helps up my profile, and there are one or _____________ other male models who are household names.

Trisha Was that how you got into the _________________ world? I mean through your wife’s contacts.

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Glyn Yes and no. I was working as a catwalk model when I met Regina here in Milan - she was _________ her latest collection - and I had already done bits and bobs of catalogue stuff, but it wasn’t until we got it ____________ that I started appearing in fashion _________________ like Vogue and Vanity Fair.

Trisha So it has helped then?

Glyn Definitely. There are so many guys out there, which makes it ___________ competitive. Before Regina, I really had to work at it – I was constantly sending out portfolios to ___________ and doing auditions.

Trisha And now?

Glyn It’s a lot different. I can pick and ___________ more or less.

Trisha So, if you don’t like the look of a new ______________ then you pass.

Glyn No, it’s not like that. I think a _______________ can model anything – whatever the colour, pattern or cut. It’s the type of work that _____________ it for me.

Trisha What do you mean?

Glyn I don’t do show seasons anymore. I’ve been sticking almost exclusively to print work.

Trisha And I hear you are ________________a career change?

Glyn Yes, yes it’s true. Regina and I are setting up our own agency so if you fancy a job as a scout, Trisha,

______________ let me know.

Trisha It’s a competitive business

Glyn Yes, we know. But we’re going to be a bit different in terms of what ____________ of model we’re looking for.

Trisha In what way?

Glyn We’re trying to get away from the stereotypical physical _______________ you know the men have to be between six foot and six two, jacket size 40-42, the ______________ over five-ten and very slim or even skinny – that type of stuff.

Trisha Sounds great, but can shorter models _______________ make it in the business… (fade out)

Exercise 8 YOU WILL HEAR AN INTERVIEW WITH A WOMAN CALLED KATE HARRIS WHO ADVISES CONSUMERS ON HOW TO SAVE MONEY. FOR QUESTIONS 1–10, COMPLETE THE SENTENCES.

SUPERMARKET SHOPPING

Decide how much you can afford while you are still at __________________________________ 1 Buy only things that are on your ___________________________________________________ 2 It’s often cheaper to buy the supermarket’s own ______________________________________ 3

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The less expensive items are often displayed on the ____________________________________ 4 Don’t buy things that are on ____________________________ if you don’t actually need them. 5 Never go to the supermarket when you’re ___________________________________________ 6 If you buy too much ________________________________ food, you don’t have long to eat it. 7 Before you buy food, check the date on the _____________________________ of the product 8 You can save money by buying a lot of _________________________________________ food. 9 Before you leave the supermarket, always check the ___________________________________ 10

Exercise 9 YOU WILL HEAR FIVE DIFFERENT PEOPLE TALKING ABOUT FORMS OF TRANSPORT. CHOOSE FROM THE LIST (A–F) THE FORM OF TRANSPORT EACH PERSON IS TALKING ABOUT. USE THE LETTERS ONLY ONCE. THERE IS ONE EXTRA LETTER WHICH YOU DO NOT NEED TO USE. WRITE THE APPROPRIATE LETTER (A–F) ON THE LINE.

1 Speaker 1 ______ 4. Speaker 4 ________ 2 Speaker 2 ______ 5. Speaker 5 ________ 3 Speaker 3 ______

Exercise 10

A famous actress is interviewed about her recent work. Listen to the audio and choose the best answer for each question. 1. What does Jenny say about the last six months of her life?

A. She's been incredibly busy. B. She feels she doesn't belong in this showbiz world. C. She's had too much to learn.

2. Why does Jenny use the football metaphor when talking about the cast of her new movie?

A. To show how hard they have all been working on the film. B. To give an idea of teamwork. C. To say something about the plot of the film.

3. And how does she view her role in the football team when asked?

A. A minor, supporting role. B. The mother of the group. C. The serious one.

4. How did she find working with a famous actor on the film set?

A. She was determined not to let it affect her work. B. She didn't find him very professional. C. She felt relaxed around him.

A bus B car C train D motorbike E semi - truck F plane

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5. Why is Jenny happy that she will be New York in a month's time?

A. She doesn't like working in Chicago. B. Family commitments make things difficult for her. C. Her husband and daughter don't like living in Chicago.

6. Why was Jenny criticized for her comments about Broadway?

A. She shouldn't have criticized something she profits off herself. B. She was only repeating something she had previously stated. C. She was too aggressive in her comments about Broadway.

7. What was, and is, at the heart of Jenny's criticism of Broadway?

A. She wants equal pay for women. B. There aren't enough women working on Broadway. C. Women should be given as many top roles as men are.