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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 5 2

U . S . A r my Co r p s o f En g i n e e r s

DA EN- E CE - G Wa s h i n g t o n , D . C . 2 0 3 1 4

En g i n e e r Ma n u a l

No . 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 5 2

En g i n e e r i n g a n d De s i g nRAI L ROADS

Mo b i l i z a t i o n Co n s t r u c t i o n

1 . Pu r p o s e . T h i s m a n u a l p r o v i d e s g u i d a n c e f o r t h e d e s i g n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n o f

r a i l r o ad f a c i l i t i e s a t U . S . A r my mo b i l i z a t i o n i n s t a l l a t i o n s .

2 . Ap p l i c a b i l i t y . T h i s m a n u a l i s a p p l i c a b l e t o a l l f i e l d o p e r a t i n g

a c t i v i t i e s h a v i n g mo b i l i z a t i o n c o n s t r u c t i o n r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s .

3 . Di s c u s s i o n . Cr i t e r i a a n d s t a n d a r d s p r e s e n t e d h e r e i n a p p l y t o c o n s t r u c t i o n

c o n s i d e r e d c r u c i a l t o a mo b i l i z a t i o n e f f o r t . T h e s e r e q u i r e me n t s ma y b e

a l t e r e d wh e n n e c e s s a r y t o s a t i s f y s p e c i a l c o n d i t i o n s o n t h e b as i s o f g o o d

e ng i n e e r i n g p r a c t i c e c o n s i s t e n t wi t h t h e n a t u r e o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . De s i g n

a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n o f mo b i l i z a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s m u s t b e c o mp l e t e d wi t h i n 1 8 0 d a y sf r o m t h e d a t e n o t i c e t o p r o c e e d i s g i v e n wi t h t h e p r o j e c t e d l i f e e x p e c t a n c y o f

f i v e y e a r s . H e n c e , r a p i d c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a f a c i l i t y s h ou l d b e r e f l e c t e d i n

i t s d es i g n . T i me - c o n s u mi n g me t h o d s a n d p r o c e d u r e s , n o r ma l l y p r e f e r r e d o v e r

q u i c k e r me t h o d s f o r b e t t e r q u a l i t y , s h ou l d b e d e - e mp h a s i z e d . L e s s e r g r a d e

ma t e r i a l s s h o u l d b e s ub s t i t u t e d f o r h i g h e r g r a d e ma t e r i a l s wh e n t h e l e s s e r

g r a d e ma t e r i a l s wo u l d p r o v i d e s a t i s f a c t o r y s e r v i c e a n d wh e n u s e o f h i g he r

g r a d e ma t e r i a l s wo u l d e x t e n d c o n s t r u c t i o n t i me . Wo r k i t e ms n o t i mme d i a t e l y

n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e a d e qu a t e f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e f a c i l i t y s h o u l d b e d e f e r r e d

u n t i l s u c h t i me a s t h e y c a n b e c omp l e t e d wi t h o u t d e l a y i n g t h e mo b i l i z a t i o n

e f f o r t .

FOR T HE COMMANDER:

PAUL F .

Co l o n e Y ,Ch i e f o f

t i t

ANAUGHCo r p s o f En g i n e e r s

St a f f

9 Ap r i l 1 9 8 4

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En g i n e er Manua l

No . 1 11 0- 3 - 1 52 ,

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 1 11 0- 3 - 1 52U . S . Ar my Co r p s o f En gi n ee r s

Wa s h i n g t o n , D . C . 20134

En gi n ee r i n g a n d De s i g n

RAI LROADS

Mob i l i z at i o n Cons t r u c t i on

9 Ap r i l 1 9 8 4

Pa r a g r a ph Page

CHAPTER 1 . GENERAL

Pu r p o s e and s c o p e . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 1 1 - 1

Ba s i s o f d e s i g n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 2 1 - 1

Des c r i p t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 3 1 - 1

De s i g n p r o c ed ur e . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 1 - 4 1 - 1St a t e r e gu l a t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 5 1 - 1

CHAPTER 2 . TRACK DESI GN

Tr a c k l a y ou t s . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 2 - 1 2 - 1Ra i l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 2 2 - 1Woo d t i e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 3 2 - 2

Ra i l a c c es s or i e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 4 2 - 2

Ba l l a s t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 5 2 - 3

Ra i l r o a d l a yo ut d at a . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 6 2 - 3

CHAPTER 3 . GEOMETRI CDESI GN

Cu r v a t u r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 1 3 - 1

Su pe r e l e v a t i o n . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 2 3 - 1

Gr ades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 3 3 - 2

Cl e a r a n c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 4 3 - 3

CHAPTER 4 . DRAI NAGE

Re q ui r e me n t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 1 4 - 1

Si d e d r a i n ag e d i t c he s . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 2 4 - 1

I n t e r c e p t i n g d i t c he s . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 3 4 - 1

Cu l v e r t s. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 - 4 4 - 1L a t e r a l d r a i n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 5 4 - 1

Pi p e d r a i n s . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 6 4 - 1

CHAPTER 5 . MI SCELLANEOUS

Tu r n ou t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1 5 - 1

Cr o s s i n g f r o gs . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . 5 - 2 5 - 1

St r u c t u r e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 3 5 - 1

Tr a c k s c al e s . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 4 5 - 1

Gu a r d r a i l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. . . . . . . 5 - 5 5 - 1

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EM 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 529 Ap r 8 4

L I ST OF F I GURES

F i g u r e A- 1 . Ba s i c d a t a f o r s t a nd a r d No . 8

t u r n o u t g a g e 4 f e e t 8 - 1 / 2 i n c h e s ;

f r o g l e n g t h 1 3 f e e t .

A- 2 . Ra i l r o ad l a y o u t d a t a .

A - 2 ( a ) . Ra i l r o ad l a y o u t d a t a .

A- 3 . Cr o s s o v e r b e t we e n p a r a l l e l t r a c k s .

A- 4 . L ay o u t s f o r y a r d t r a c k s .

A- 5 . Ra i l r o a d y a r d l a d de r s .

L I ST OF TABLES

Ta b l e 3 - 1 . Su p e r e l e v a t i o n i n i n c h es .

A- 1 . Mi n i mu m t r a c k a n d o p e r a t i n g mo v eme n t .

A- 2 . Mi n i mu m t r a c k a n d o pe r a t i n g movemen t .

A- 3 . Mi n i mu m t r a c k a n d o pe r a t i n g movemen t .

A- 4 . Mi n i mu m t r a c k a n d o p e r a t i n g mo v eme n t .

A- 5 . Mi n i mu m t r a c k a n d o pe r a t i n g movemen t .

A- 6 . Mi n i mu m t r a c k a n d o pe r a t i n g movemen t .

A- 7 . Ra i l r o a d y a r d l a d d e r s p a r a l l e l t o

t r a c k s . o n c u r v e s .

A- 8 . Ma t e r i a l r e q u i r e d f o r 1 , 0 00 f e e t o f t r a c k .

Pa r a g r a ph P a g e

APPENDI X A .

APPENDI X B .

Hi g h wa y - r a i l wa y g r a d e c r o s s i n g. .

5 - 6 5 - 1Gr o u nd i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 7 5 - 2

RA I LROAD LAYOUT DESI GN A- 1

REFERENCES B- 1

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1 - 3 . De s c r i p t i o n .

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL

EM 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 5 29 Ap r 8 4

" 1 - 1 . Pu r p o s e a n d s c o p e . Th i s ma n u a l p r o v i d e s g u i d a n c e f o r d e s i g n a n dc o n s t r u c t i o n o f r a i l r o a d f a c i l i t i e s a t Ar my mo b i l i z a t i o n i n s t a l l a t i o n s .

1 - 2 . Ba s i s o f d e s i g n . Th e AREA Man u a l f o r Ra i l wa y En g i n ee r i n g f o r ms

t h e b a s i s f o r d e s i g n . Fo r wo r k n o t s p e c i f i c a l l y c o v e r e d i n t h i s

ma n u a l , t h e r e c omme n de d p r a c t i c e o f AREA o r o f t h e s e r v i n g r a i l r o a d

wi l l b e u s e d .

a . Ra i l r o a d c o n ne c t i o ns . Ra i l r o a d c o n n e c t i o n s i n c l u d e t h e t u r n o u t s

f r o m t h e s e r v i n g r a i l r o a d a n d a l l t r a c k t o t h e i r r i g h t - o f - wa y l i n e.

b . Au x i l i a r y t r a c k s . Au x i l i a r y t r a c k s u s e d b y t h e s e r v i n g r a i l r o a d

i n c l u d e p a s s i n g s i d i n g s , s e t o u t o r i n t e r c h a n ge t r a c k s , a n d w y e s .

c . A c c e s s l i n e . Whe r e t h e p r o j e c t i s n o t a d j a c e n t t o t h e s e r v i n g

r a i l r o a d , t h e a c c e s s l i n e i s t h e t r a c k b e t we e n r i g h t - o f - wa y o f t h e

s e r v i n g r a i l r o a d a n d t h e f a c i l i t i e s t o b e s e r v e d .

d . Tr a c k s f o r d e l i v e r y o f c on s t r u c t i o n ma t e r i a l s . De l i v e r y t r a c k s

f o r c on s t r u c t i o n ma t e r i a l s s h ou l d b e p r o v i d e d b y t h e c on t r a c t o r o r

s e r v i n g r a i l r o a d u n l e s s t h e t r a c k s l a t e r become a p a r t o f t h e p r o j e c t

t r a c k a g e . Th e c on s t r u c t i o n o f p r o j e c t t r a c ka g e d u r i n g t h e e a r l y p h a s e so f p r o j e c t c o n s t r u c t i o n wi l l e x p e d i t e d e l i v e r y o f c on s t r u c t i o n

ma t e r i a l s f o r o t h e r p h a s e s o f t h e p r o j e c t .

e . Pr o j e c t t r a c k a g e . Pr o j e c t t r a c k a g e i n c l u d es a l l t r a c k s , o t h e r

t h a n t h os e l i s t e d a b o v e , wi t h i n t h e p r o j e c t .

1 - 4 . De s i g n p r o c e d u r e . Ma x i mum c u r v a t u r e s a n d g r a d e s wi l l n o t e x c e e d

t h os e d i s c u s s e d i n c h a p t e r 3 .

1 - 5 . S t a t e r e g u l a t i o n s . De s i g n wi l l c o n f o r m wi t h r e g u l a t i o n s o f s t a t e

c o mmi s s i o n s a n d r e g u l a t o r y b od i e s f o r p u b l i c h i g h wa y c r o s s i n gs .

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2 - 2 . Ra i l .

CHAPTER 2

TRACK DESI GN

EM 1 11 0 - 3 - 1 52

9 Ap r 8 4

2 - 1 . Tr a c k l a y o u t s . T r a c k l a y o u t s s h o u l d a l l o w t h e mov emen t t o b ec o n t i n u o u s f r o m t h e i n t e r c h a ng e y a r d t h r o ug h t h e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n y a r d t ot h e d e l i v e r y t r a c k s . E a c h i n t e r c h a n g e o r r e c e i v i n g t r a c k s h o u l d h o l dt h e ma x i mum s i n g l e d e l i v e r y . Th e l e n g t h o f c l a s s i f i c a t i o n t r a c k s i sd e t e r mi n e d b y t h e a v e r a g e n umb e r o f c a r s i n e a c h c l a s s i f i c a t i o n .

a . Fu nc t i o n . Th e f u n c t i o n o f r a i l r o a d r a i l i s t o p r o v i d e a s mo o t h ,h a r d r o l l i n g s u r f a c e f o r r a i l r o a d r o l l i n g s t o c k ; t o t r a ns mi t t h el o a d i n g o f t h e r o l l i n g s t o c k wh e e l s t o t h e t i e s ; t o p r o v i d e b e a m

s t r e n g t h a n d s t i f f n e s s t o mi n i mi z e d e f l e c t i o n s du e t o t h e p a s s a g e o fr a i l r o a d r o l l i n g s t o c k ; a n d t o r e s i s t l a t e r a l l o a d s o f r a i l r o a d r o l l i n gs t o c k t o ma i n t a i n g a g e ( d i s t a n c e b e t we e n t h e r a i l s ) .

b . L e n g t h . Th e s t a nd a r d l e ng t h o f r a i l i s 3 9 f e e t . Ra i l s a r e a l s oa v a i l a b l e i n 3 3 a n d 7 8 f o o t l e ng t h s .

c . T y p e . Ra i l c a n b e n e w . o r r e l a y e r ( u s e d ) . Ne w r a i l i s p r e f e r r e df o r n e w c o n s t r u c t i o n . Ho we v e r , r e l a y e r r a i l i n g o o d c o n d i t i o n c a n b eu s e d i n many i n s t a n c e s e s p e c i a l l y when n e w r a i l ma y b e s c a r c e .

( 1 ) Ne w r a i l . Two t y p e s o f n e w r a i l a r e r e c o mme n d e d f o r u s e :

9 0 - p o u n d AR A- A o r 1 1 5 - p o u n d AREA . Th e h e a v i e r s e c t i o n wi l l b e u s e d f o rma i n l i n e s a n d a c c e s s t r a c k s wh e r e r a i l t r a f f i c i s h e a v y a n d d e s i g nt r a i n s p e e d s a r e mo r e t h a n 4 0 mi l e s p e r h o u r . Ni n e t y - p o un d ARA - As e c t i o n s wi l l b e u s e d f o r y a r d , i n d u s t r i a l , a n d s t o r a g e s i d i n g s a n dr u nn i n g a n d a c c e s s t r a c k s wh i c h d o no t j u s t i f y 1 1 5 - p o u n d r a i l . I fe i t h e r o f t h e a b o v e r a i l we i g h t s a r e no t a v a i l a b l e , h e a v i e r r a i ls e c t i o n s may b e s u b s t i t u t e d , u s i n g t h e 9 0 - p o u nd a n d 1 1 5 - p o u n d s e c t i o nsa s mi n i mu m we i g h t s f o r t h e s e r v i c e s d e s c r i b e d a b o v e .

( 2 ) Re l a y e r r a i l . Th e s e l e c t i o n o f r e l a y e r r a i l wi l l b e b a s e do n t h e p r e d i c t e d r a i l t r a f f i c a n d d e s i g n t r a i n s p e e d . Re l a y e r r a i l1 1 5 - p o u n d o r h e a v i e r i n g o o d c on d i t i o n ma y b e s u b s t i t u t e d f o r n e w1 1 5 - p o u n d r a i l f o r t r a c k s b e a r i n g h e a v y r a i l t r a f f i c o r t r a c k s wi t hd e s i g n t r a i n s p e e d s i n e x c e s s o f 4 0 mi l e s p e r h o u r i f n e w r a i l i s n o ta v a i l a b l e f o r t h a t s e r v i c e . Fo r s e r v i c e wh e r e n e w 9 0 - p o u nd ARA - A r a i li s s pe c i f i e d , 8 5 - p o un d o r h e a v i e r r e l a y e r s e c t i o n s ma y b e s ub s t i t u t e d

p r o v i d e d t h e r e l a y e r r a i l i s i n g o o d c o n d i t i o n . Re l a y e r r a i l wi l l b e

o f t h e s a me s e c t i o n t h r o u g h ou t t h e p r o j e c t f o r e a c h s e r v i c e l i s t e d i n

p a r a g r a p h 2 - 2 c ( 1 ) . Ra i l s e c t i o n s wi l l b e d r i l l e d f o r 6 - h o l e , 3 6 - i n c h

AREA a ng l e b a r s e x c e p t t h a t r a i l s e c t i o n s b e l o w 1 1 5 - p o u n d ma y b ed r i l l e d f o r 4 - h o l e , 2 4 - i n c h AREA a n g l e b a r s , o r o t h e r 2 4 - i n c h a ng l eb a r s a pp r o p r i a t e f o r t h e s e l e c t e d r a i l s e c t i o n . Dr i l l i n g p a t t e r n s wi l l

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d . T i e p l a t e s . T i e p l a t e s a r e u s e d b e t we e n r a i l a n d t i e t o r e d u c et i e a br a s i o n a nd t o ma i n t a i n r a i l g a g e . T i e p l a t e s a r e u s e d o np e r ma n e n t c o n s t r u c t i o n . On l o w- s p e e d t e mp o r a r y wo r k , t h e y a r e o nl yr e q u i r e d o n b r i d ge s , t r e s t l e s , t u n n e l s , t h r o u g h

t u r n o u t s a n dc r o s s o v e r s , a n d o n a l l c u r v e s o f 3 d e g r e e s o r mo r e .

EM 1 11 0 - 3 - 1 5 2

9 Ap r 8 4

e . Ra i l a nc h o r s . T r a i n t r a f f i c a n d t h e r ma l e x p a ns i o n h a v e at e n d e nc y t o move r a i l l e ng t h wi s e . T h e r e f o r e , r a i l a nc h o r s a r e u s e d t or e s t r a i n t h i s movemen t . T r a f f i c e s s e n t i a l l y c a n b e i n o n e d i r e c t i o n o ri t c a n b e i n t wo d i r e c t i o n s . As r a i l c r e e p a g e i s i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o ft r a f f i c , t h e n e c e s s i t y o f a n c h o r s i s g r e a t e r wi t h o n e - wa y t r a f f i c t h anwi t h t wo - wa y t r a f f i c u s i n g t h e same t r a c k . No r ma l l y , f o r mo s t k i n d s o fb a l l a s t , e i g h t f o r wa r d a nc h o r s a n d t wo b a c k u p a nc h o r s a r e r e q u i r e d p e r3 9 f o o t r a i l l e n g t h f o r o n e d i r e c t i o n t r a f f i c . ' F o r t wo - wa y t r a f f i c ,e i g h t a nc h o r s f o r e a c h d i r e c t i o n , o r a t o t a l o f 1 6 , a r e r e q u i r e d .

f . Ra i l b r a c e s . I f t i e p l a t e s a r e n o t u s e d , f o u r b r a c e s p e r r a i ll e n g t h a r e a p p l i e d t o c u r v e s 1 d e g r e e t o 6 d e g r e e s ; s i x p e r r a i l l e n g t hf o r c u r v e s 6 d e g r e e s t o 1 0 d e g r e e s ; a n d e v e r y o t h e r t i e o n s o me c u r v e so f 1 0 d e g r e e s a n d o v e r . Wh e n t i e p l a t e s a r e u s e d , b r a c e s a r e n o tn e c e s s a r y o n c u r v e s u n d e r 1 2 d e g r e e s a n d s h ou l d b e a p p l i e d t o e v e r yf o u r t h t i e o n c u r v e s 1 2 d e g r e e s a n d o v e r .

Sp i k e s . Si z e 6 - b y 5 / 8 - i n c h s p i k e s a r e n o r ma l l y u s e d f o r a l l.

t i e s . Ne w t r a c k s p i k e s wi l l b e u s e d f o r b o t h n e w a n d r e l a y e r r a i l .

2 - 5 . Ba l l a s t . Ba l l a s t f o r ms t h e f o u n d a t i o n p a r t o f t r a c k

c o n s t r u c t i o n . Th e mi n i mu m d e p t h o f b a l l a s t u n d e r t h e t i e s s h o u l d b e 8i n c h e s . Pr o c e d u r e s f o r d e t e r mi n a t i o n o f b a l l a s t t h i c k n e s s a r ec o n t a i n e d i n AREA Man ua l f o r Ra i l wa y En g i n e e r i n g . Pr e p a r e d b a l l a s t( s t o ne , g r a v e l , o r s l a g ) i s p r e f e r r e d t o o t h e r b a l l a s t ma t e r i a l s .

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n p r o b l e ms d i s c o u r a g e s h i p me n t o v e r g r e a t d i s t a n c e s , s oma t e r i a l s f o u n d l o c a l l y s h o u l d b e i n v e s t i g a t e d f o r u s e . Su bb a l l a s twi t h a mi n i mu m d e p t h o f 6 i n c h e s wi l l b e u s e d wh e r e r o a db e d i sd i f f i c u l t t o d r a i n . Th e r o a db e d wi l l b e wi d e e n o u g h t o p r o v i d e 1 8 - i n c hs h o u l d e r s b e y o n d t h e t o e o f b a l l a s t . I n t h e s e l e c t i o n o f r o a db e dwi d t h , p r o v i d e f o r : ( a ) t h e e x t r a wi d t h r e q u i r e d f or t h e b a l l a s ts e c t i o n o n c u r v e s wi t h s u p e r e l e v a t i o n a n d ( b ) s u b b a l l a s t ( i f r e qu i r e d ) .

T y p i c a lAREA

b a l l a s ts e c t i o n s a r e s h ow n o n St a nd a r d Mo b i l i z a t i o nDr a wi n g No . XEC- 0 0 9 .

2 - 6 . Ra i l r o a d l a y o u t d a t a . T h e t a b l e s i n a p p e n d i x A , wi t h f i g u r e s a n df o r mu l a s , p r o v i d e s o l u t i o n s t o p r o b l e ms i n r a i l r o a d t r a c k l a y o u t st y p i c a l f o r Ar my i n s t a l l a t i o n s . Ma i n o b j e c t i v e s a r e mi n i mu m t r a c kc o n s t r u c t i o n a n d c u r v a t u r e wh e r e r o a d p owe r c a n b e s a f e l y o p e r a t e d .

Co mp u t a t i o n s a r e b a s e d o n s t a nd a r d No . 8 t u r n o u t wi t h t a n g e n t s t h r o u g hs wi t c h p o i n t s a n d f r o g s t o p r e v e n t b u n c h i n g o f c u r v a t u r e n e a r t u r n o u t s .

T h e d i me n s i o n s i n t h e t a b l e s may b e u s e d i n p l a n n i n g , r e v i s i o n o fe x i s t i n g l a y o u t s , a n d l a y o u t s o n t h e g r o u nd . T h e f o r mu l a s d e t e r mi n e

2 - 3

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EM 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 52

9 Ap r 8 4

e s s e n t i a l d i me ns i o n s f o r o t h e r c u r v a t u r e o r t r a c k s p a c i n g n o t i n t h et a b l e s . Al l r a d i i a r e t o t h e c e n t e r l i n e o f t r a c k s .

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3 - 1 . Cu r v a t u r e .a . Th e c u r v a t u r e wi l l b e l i mi t e d t o p r e c l u d e a n y r e qu i r e me n t f o r

s up e r e l e v a t i o n i n e x c e s s o f 5 - 1 / 2 i n c h e s a t t h e d es i g n t r a i n s p e e d .Cu r v e s o f l e s s t ha n 1 d eg r e e 3 0 mi n u t e s wi l l b e a v o i d e d f o r t r a c k swh e r e d e s i g n s p e e d r e q u i r e s t h e u s e o f s up e r e l e v a t i o n .

b . Whe r e t h e d es i g n t r a i n s p e e d i s l e s s t h a n 2 0 mi l e s p e r h o u r , t h ema x i mum d eg r e e o f c u r v a t u r e s h o u l d , i n mo s t c a s e s , b e l i mi t e d t oc u r v a t u r e o f t h e t u r n o u t b e i n g u s e d . W t h t h e s t a n d a r d No . 8 t u r n o u tt h i s c u r v a t u r e wi l l b e 1 1 d e gr e e s 4 6 mi n u t e s 4 4 s e c o n d s ( n ea r l y 1 2

d e gr e e s ) . I n c o n ge s t e d a r e aswh e r e s h a r p c u r v es c a n n o t b e ' a v o i d ed , t h ec u r v a t u r e w i l l n o t e x c e e d 1 5 d e gr e es .

c . St a n d a r d g a g e wi l l b e u s e d o n a l l c u r v e s u p t o 8 d e g r e e s a n d _t h e n wi d e n e d 1 / 8 o f a n i n c h f o r e a c h i n c r e me n t o f 2 d e g r e e s t o a

ma x i mu m o f 4 f e e t 9 - 1 / 2 i n c he s .

3 - 2 . Su p er e l e v a t i o n . Su p er e l e v a t i o n wi l l n o t b e u s e d o n c u r v e s wh e r et h e s p e e d i s l e s s t h a n 2 0 mi l e s pe r h o u r e x c e p t wh e n r e qu i r e d b y t h es e r v i n g r a i l r o ad . Su p e r e l e v a t i o n wi l l b e p r o v i d ed o n a c c e s s o r ma i nr u n n i n g t r a c k s wh e r e t h e s p e e d i s 2 0 mi l e s p e r h o u r o r mo r e . Ta b l e 3 - 1g i v e s some p r a c t i c a l s u p er e l e v a t i o n s i n i n c h es wh i c h may b e p r o v i d ed

wh e r e t h e s p e e d j u s t i f i e s t h e i r u s e . Th e l o w r a i l wi l l h o l d t h e g r a d eo f t h e t r a c k . Th e s up e r e l e v a t i o n f i g u r e s s h o w n i n t a b l e 3 - 1 we r ed e r i v ed f r o m t h e f o l l o wi n g e q ua t i o n

E = CDV2

wh e r e :

DV

CHAPTER 3

GEOMETRI C DES I GN

s up e r e l e v a t i o n , i n c h esc o n s t a n t wi t h f o l l o wi n g v a l u es :C = 0 . 0 0 0 5 f o r 1 - d eg r e e 3 0 mi n ut e c u r v e

C = 0 . 0 0 0 4 f o r 3 d e g r e e s a n d a b o v e

a c t u a l d e g r e e o f c u r v eMa x i mu m s p e e d , mi l e s p e r h o u r

EM 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 5 2

9 Ap r 8 4

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EM 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 52

9 Ap r 8 4

L = 1 . 1 7 EV

wh e r e :

2 0

A s p i r a l e a s eme n t wi l l b e u s e d wh e r e s u p e r e l e v a t i o n i s r e q u i r e d . T h e

mi n i mu m l e n g t h o f t h e s p i r a l wi l l b e d e r i v ed f r o m t h e f o l l o wi n g

f o r mu l a :

L = s p i r a l l e n g t h , f e e t ( mi n i mu m l e n g t h )

E = s u p er e l e v a t i o n , i n c he s

V = Ma x i mum t r a i n s p e e d , mi l e s p e r hour

3 - 3 . Gr a d e s . T h e ma x i mum g r a de o n a c c e s s l i n e s wi l l b e d e t e r mi n ed b y

t h e t o n n a g e h a n d l e d i n o n e t r a i n u n i t . Re du c t i o n o f t h e r u l i n g g r a d e

wi l l d e p e n d o n t h e i n i t i a l c o s t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n c omp a r e d wi t h t h e

s a v i n g s i n c o s t o f o p e r a t i o n . Us u a l l y t h e g r a de s o n a l l t r a c k s c a n b e

k e p t we l l b e l o w 2 p e r c e n t . I n s ome c a s es , l i g h t t r a i n u n i t s a n d r o ug h

t e r r a i n may r e q u i r e some g r a d es o v e r 2 p e r c e n t . Gr a d e s s h o u l d n o t

e x c e e d 3 p e r c e n t . Gr a d e s i n t h e b o d y ( p a r a l l e l t r a c k s o f a y a r d u p o n

wh i c h c a r s a r e p l a c e d o r s t o r e d ) o r y a r d s a n d o n s t a nd i n g t r a c k s wi l l

n o t e x c e e d 0 . 4 p e r c e n t e x c e p t a t wa r e h o us e s o r s t o r e ho us e s , wh e r e t h e

g r a de c a n b e 0 . 5 p e r c e n t .

a . Co mp e n s a t i n g g r a de s f o r c u r v a t u r e . Ma x i mum g r a de s o n a c c e s s

l i n e s wi l l b e c o mp e n s a t e d 0 . 0 4 p e r c e n t p e r d eg r e e o f c u r v a t u r e .Co mp e n s a t i o n wi l l a l s o b e a p p l i e d wh e n h e a v y t r a f f i c o r l a r g e t o nn a g e

u n i t s wi l l b e h a n d l e d .

b . Ve r t i c a l c u r v e s . Us u a l l y , a v e r t i c a l c u r v e wi l l b e n e e d e d t o

p r o v i d e a s mo o t h t r a n s i t i o n b e t we e n g r a de s . Ve r t i c a l c u r v e s wi l l n o t

3 - 2

T a b l e 3 - 1 . Su p e r e l e v a t i o n i n I n c he s

De g r e e 4 5Sp e e d4 0

i n Mi l e s3 5

Pe r Hou r3 0 2 5

1 d e g 3 0 mi n 1 - 1 / 2 1 - 1 / 4 12 d e g 0 0 mi n 1 - 3 / 4 1 - 1 / 4 12 d e g 3 0 mi n 2 1 - 1 / 2 1 - 1 / 4

3 d e g 0 0 mi n 2 - 1 / 2 2 1 - 1 / 2 13 d e g 3 0 mi n 3 2 - 1 / 2 2 1 - 1 / 4

4 d e g 0 0 mi n 3 - 1 / 4 2 - 1 / 2 2 1 - 1 / 2 14 d e g 3 0 mi n _ 3 - 1 / 2 3 2 - 1 , / 2 1 - 1 / 2 15 d e g 0 0 mi n 4 3 - 1 / 4 2 - 1 / 2 1 - 3 / 4 1 - 1 / 4

5 d e g 3 0 mi n 4 - 1 / 2 3 - 1 / 2 2 - 1 / 2 21 - 1 / 4 1

6 d e g 0 0 mi n 5 4 3 2 - 1 / 4 1 - 1 / 2 1

6 d e g 3 0 mi n 5 - 1 / 4 4 - 1 / 4 3 - 1 / 4 2 - 1 / 4 1 - 1 / 2 17 d e g 0 0 mi n 5 - 1 / 2 4 - 1 / 2 3 - 1 / 2 2 - 1 / 2 1 - 3 / 4 1

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EM 1 11 0 - 3 - 1 52

9 Ap r 8 4

b e s h o r t e r t h a n t h e l e n g t h e s t a b l i s h e d b y t h e f o r mu l a a n d r a t e s o fg r a d e c h a n g e o u t l i n e d b e l o w :

Gl - G2L = R x 1 0 0

wh e r e :

L = mi n i mu m l e n g t h o f v e r t i c a l c u r v e , f e e t

Gl a n d G2 = g r a d i e n t s i n f e e t p e r 1 00 f e e t , wi t h t h e p r o p e ra l g e b r a i c s i g n f o r e a c h

R =r a t e o f c h a n g e o f g r a d e p e r 1 00 f e e t

( 1 ) A c c e s s o r r u n n i n g t r a c k s . Ve r t i c a l c u r v e s wi l l c o n n e c t a l l

g r a d es wh e r e t h e a l g e b r a i c d i f f e r e n c e i n g r a d i e n t e x c e e d s 0 . 1 5 p e r c e n ti n s a g s a n d 0 . 3 p e r c e n t o n s u mmi t s . Us i n g t h e f o r mu l a s h ow n a b o v e , t h e

mi n i mu m l e n g t h v e r t i c a l c u r v e wi l l b e b a s e d o n a r a t e o f g r a d e c h a n g epe r 1 00 f ee t o f 0 . 1 5 ( R = 0 . 1 5 ) o n s a g s a n d 0 . 3 0 ( R = 0 . 3 0 ) o n

s u mmi t s .

( 2 ) Spu r s a n d s i d i n g s . Ve r t i c a l c u r v e s wi l l c o n n e c t a l l g r a d e swh e r e t h e a l g e b r a i c d i f f e r e n c e i n g r a d i e n t e x c e e d s 0 . 3 5 p e r c e n t . Us i n gt h e f o r mu l a s ho wn a b o v e , t h e mi n i mu m l e n g t h v e r t i c a l c u r v e wi l l b eb a s e d o n a r a t e o f g r a d e c h a n g e pe r 1 00 f e e t o f 0 . 4 0 p er c e n t ( R0 . 4 0 ) .

c . St u b - e n d t r a c k s . I f p r a c t i c ab l e , g r a d e s o n s t u b - e nd t r ac k s

s h o u l d h a v e a s l i g h t d e s c e n d i n g g r a d e f r o m t h e s wi t c h .

d . De r a i l s . Pr o v i d e f o r t he p r o t e c t i o n o f ma i n l i n e , a c c e s s , a n dr u n n i n g t r a c k s b y t h e u s e o f d e r a i l s o n t r a c k s wh i c h d e s c e n d t o wa r d

s wi t c h es .

3 - 4 . - Cl e a r a n c e s . Cl e a r a n c e s f o r t a n g e n t t r a c k wi l l n o t b e l e s s t h a nt h os e l i s t e d b e l o w . Si d e c l e a r a n c e s wi l l b e me a s u r e d h o r i z o n t a l l y f r o m

t h e c e n t e r l i n e o f t r a c k s . Si d e . c l e a r a n c e s o n t h e o u t s i d e o f c u r v e s

wi l l b e i n c r e a s e d 1 i n c h f o r e a c h d e g r e e o f t r a c k c u r v a t u r e o v e r t h a t

s h ow n f o r t a n ge n t t r a c k . Si d e c l e a r a n c e s o n t h e i n s i d e o f c u r v e s wi l l

b e i n c r e a s e d 1 i n c h f o r e a c h d e g r e e o f t r a c k c u r v a t u r e a n d a l s o 3 - 1 / 2

t i me s t h e amo u n t o f s u p e r e l e v a t i o n o f t h e h i g h r a i l .

a . Ov e r h e a d wi r e s .

- Open s u p p l y wi r e s , a r c wi r e s , a n d s e r v i c e d r o p s

0 t o 7 5 0 v o l t s 2 7 f e e t

7 50 t o 1 5 , 0 00 v o l t s 2 8 f e e t

Ex c e e d i n g 1 5 , 0 00 v o l t s 3 0 f e et

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EM 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 5 2

9 Ap r 8 4

- G u y s , me s s e n g e r , c o mmu n i c a t i o n ,s p a n , a n d l i g h t n i n g p r o t e c t i o n

wi r e s a n d a l l v o l t a g e o fe f f e c t i v e l y g r o u n d e d c o n t i n u o u s -me t a l s h e a t h c a b l e s 2 7 f e e t

- T r o l l e y wi r e s 2 2 f e e t

b . Mi s c e l l a n e o u s o v e r h e a d o b s t r u c t i o n s .

- Ot h e r t h a n wi r e s a n d b u i l d i n ge n t r a n c e s 2 2 f e e t

Bu i l d i n g e n t r a n c e ( i n c l u d i n ge n g i n e - h o u s e s ) 1 8 f e e t

c . S i d e c l e a r a n c e s .

Bu i l d i n g s ( o t h e r t h a n f o r

d e l i v e r y ) 8 f e et 6 i n c h e s

Bu i l d i n g s , wi t h o u t p l a t f o r ms

( wh e r e d e l i v e r y i s

r e q u i r e d ) 8 f e et

Ca n o p i e s o v e r p l a t f o r m, 1 6

f e e t o r l e s s ( d e l i v e r y t o

p l a t f o r m r e q u i r e d ) 8 f e et

F r e i g h t p l a t f o r ms t o 4 f e et ` "( ma x i mu m) 6 f e et 2 i n c h e s

( o r 5 f e e t 9 i n c h e s i f

t h e r e i s a n 8 - f o o t c l e a r a n c e

. o n o t h e r s i d e o f t h e t r a c k )

- Re f r i g e r a t o r c a r p l a t f o r ms ,

3 f e e t 3 i n c h e s o r l e s s 6 f e e t 2 i n c h e s

o r 5 f e e t 9 i n c h e s i f t h e r e

i s a n 8 - f o o t c l e a r a n c e

o n o t h e r s i d e o f t r a c k )

- Re f r i g e r a t o r c a r p l a t f o r ms ,

b e t we e n 3 f e e t 3 i n c h e s a n d

4 f e e t 8 f e e t

- L o w p l a t f o r ms , 8 i n c h e s o rl e s s 5 f e e t

- En g i n e - h o u s e e n t r a n c e s 6 f e e t 6 i n c h e s

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r Bu i l d i n g e n t r a n c e s ( o t h e r

t h a n e n g i n e - h o u s e ) 8 f e e t

d.

T r a c k c e n t e r s.

Y a r d t r a c k s wi l l b e a mi n i mu m o f 1 3 f e e t c e n t e rt o c e n t e r , a n d w h e n p a r a l l e l t o a ma i n t r a c k o r r u n n i n g t r a c k , wi l l b e

n o t l e s s t h a n 1 5 f e e t f r o m s u c h t r a c k . L a d d e r t r a c k s wi l l b e n o t l e s s

t h a n 1 5 f e e t f r o m a n y p a r a l l e l t r a c k a n d wi l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n 1 8 f e e t

w h e n s u c h p a r a l l e l t r a c k i s a n o t h e r l a d d e r t r a c k . T r a c k s i n p a i r s f o r

o p e r a t i o n o f l o c o mo t i v e c r a n e s wi l l b e n o t l e s s t h a n 1 8 f e e t o n

c e n t e r s .

e . S a f e t y r e q u i r e me n t s . Ov e r h e a d c l e a r a n c e s l e s s t h a n 2 2 f e e t wi l l

b e p r o t e c t e d b y wa r n i n g s i g n s a n d t e l l t a l e s o r b y s t a n d a r d s o f t h e

s e r v i n g r a i l r o a d o r l o c a l s t a t e l a ws . No o v e r h e a d c l e a r a n c e wi l l b e

l e s s t h a n 1 8 f e e t . Al l o v e r h e a d c l e a r a n c e s l e s s t h a n 2 2 f e e t wi l l b e

i n c l u d e d i n o p e r a t i n g c o n t r a c t s ma d e wi t h t h e s e r v i n g r a i l r o a d o r

o t h e r s , S i d e c l e a r a n c e s f o r i mmo v a b l e o b s t r u c t i o n s , s u c h a s b u i l d i n g s ,

c a n o p i e s , p l a t f o r ms , p o l e s , e t c . , o t h e r t h a n r a i l r o a d t r a c k

a p p u r t e n a n c e s , wh i c h a r e l e s s t h a n 8 f e e t 6 i n c h e s f r o m t h e c e n t e r l i n e

o f t r a c k , wi l l b e p r o t e c t e d b y a p p r o p r i a t e c l o s e - c l e a r a n c e s i g n s .

EM 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 5 2

9 Ap r 8 4

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CHAPTER 4

DRAI NAGE

EM 1 11 0 - 3 - 1 529 Ap r 8 4

4 - 1 . Re q u i r e me n t s . Si z e , s t r e n g t h , a n d d es i g n o f a l l d r a i n a ge

f a c i l i t i e s wi l l c o n f o r m t o EM 1 11 0 - 3 - 1 36 . Th e f o l l o wi n g r e qu i r e me n t s

wi l l a l s o a pp l y .

4 - 2 . S i d e d r a i n ag e d i t c h e s . T h e mi n i mu m g r a d e f o r s i d e d r a i n ag e

d i t c h e s wi l l b e 0 . 2 pe r c e n t , s o t h at t h e d e s i g n s t o r m wi l l p r o d u c e

c h a n n e l v e l o c i t i e s o f 2 f e e t t o 2 . 5 f p s . Pa v i n g , r i p r a p , o r - e r o s i o n

c h e c k s ma y b e r e q u i r e d i f t h e g r a d e p r o d u c es e r o d i n g v e l o c i t i e s . Th e

l o we r e n d s s h o u l d d i v e r g e f r o m t h e t o e o f emb an kmen t a n d b e e x t e n d e d

s u f f i c i e n t l y t o p r e v e n t e r o s i o n .

4 - 3 . I n t e r c e p t i n g d i t c he s . I n t e r c e p t i n g d i t c h e s wi l l b e u s e d t o

p r e v e n t wa t e r f r o m c o mi n g o v e r t he t op o f t h e c u t a n d t o p r e v e n t

e r o s i o n o f t h e s l o pe s . Th e g r a d e o f i n t e r c e p t i n g d i t c h e s wi l l b e n o t

l e s s t h a n 0 . 3 p er c e n t . Th e e n d s s h o u l d d i v e r g e f r o m t h e t o e o f t h e

s l o pe t o p r e v e n t e r o s i o n o f a d j o i n i n g e mb a n k me n t s . A p a v e d g u t t e r , o r

p i p e , wi l l b e r e q u i r e d t o c a r r y t h e f l o w f r o m t h e i n t e r c e p t i n g d i t c h t o

t h e d r a i n ag e d i t c h .

4 - 4 . Cu l v e r t s . Cu l v e r t s u n d e r t h e t r a c k wi l l b e c o r r u ga t e d me t a l ,

r - e i n f o r c e d c o nc r e t e , o r c a s t i r o n p i p e .

4 - 5 . L a t e r a l d r a i n s . L a t e r a l s u b s u r f a c e d r a i n s wi l l b e i n s t a l l e d t oc o n d u c t s p r i n g s o r g r o u nd wa t e r f r o m t h e r o a d b e d t o t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l

p i p e d r a i n s o r o p e n d i t c h e s .

4 - 6 . Pi p e d r a i n s . P i . p e d r a i n s , p a r a l l e l t o t h e t r a c k , wi l l b e

i n s t a l l e d i n we t o r n a r r o w c u t s wh e r e s i d e d i t c h e s c a n n o t b e

ma i n t a i n e d . I n l e t s wi l l . b e d e s i g n e d - t o c a r r y o f f s u r f a c e wa t e r . Th e

s i z e o f . p i p e wi l l b e a mi n i mu m d i a me t e r o f 6 i n c h es .

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CHAPTER 5

MI SCELL ANEOUS

EM 1 11 0 - 3 - 1 52

9 Ap r 8 4

5 - 1 . Tu r n ou t s . No r ma l l y , No . 8 t u r n o u t s wi l l b e i n s t a l l e d . L a r g e rs ma l l e r t u r n o u t s ma y b e i n s t a l l e d o n l y i f r e q u i r e d b y u n u s u a l l o c a lc o n d i t i o n s . Th e t r a c k l a y o u t s f o r v a r i o u s c o n d i t i o n s , u s i n g No . 8t u r n o u t s ( 8 - f o o t 3 - i n c h t h e o r e t i c a l h e e l d i s t a n c e ) , a r e d e s c r i b e d i na p p e n d i x A . No . 8 s e l f - g u a r d e d f r o g s wi l l b e i n s t a l l e d a t A r my

i n s t a l l a t i o n s wi t h i n t h e Un i t e d St a t e s wh e n t h e d e s i g n t r a i n s p e e d d o e s

n o t e x c e e d 3 0 mi l e s p e r h o u r . Swi t c h s t a nd wi l l b e p l a c ed , i f

p o s s i b l e , o n t h e t u r n o u t s i d e o f t h e t r a c k ; h o we v e r , i n d o u b l e - t r a c k

t e r r i t o r y , t h e s t a n d wi l l b e p l a c e d o n t h e r i g h t - h a n d s i d e o f t h e

t r a c k , w h e n e v e r p o s s i b l e . Th e s wi t c h s t a nd wi l l b e o f a s t a nd a r d

c o n s t r u c t i o n . No r ma l l y , r e f l e c t o r s wi t c h l a mp s o n l y wi l l b es wi t c h s t a n d t a r g e t s . Co l o r e d r e f l e c t o r s wi t c h l a mp s wi t h

b e u s e d o n l y a t i mp or t a n t t u r n o u t s s u b j e c t t o

I l l u mi n a t e d s wi t c h l a mp s wi l l n o t b e p r o v i d e d

t h e s e r v i n g r a i l r o a d o r s p e c i f i c s a f e t y

l o w- t y p ep r o v i d e d a s

d a y t a r g e t d i s c s wi l l

c o n s i d e r a b l e t r a f f i c .

e x c e p t a s r e q u i r e d b y

r e g u l a t i o n .

Cr o s s i n g f r o g s a r e

ma i n t a i n . Th e r e f o r e , t h e i r u s e s h ou l d b e

Wh e n r e qu i r e d , c r o s s i n g f r o g s wi l l c o n f o r m t o AREA t r a c k wo r k p l a ns .

5 - 2 . Cr o s s i n g f r o g s . c os t l y t o i n s t a l l a n d

a v o i d e d wh e n e v e r p r a c t i c a b l e .

5 - 3 . St r u c t u r e s . St r u c t u r e s , a s d i s c u s s e d h e r e i n , c a r r y t h e we i g h t o f

mo v i n g e q u i p me n t o n r a i l r o a d t r a c k s . Th e d e s i g n a n d s pe c i f i c a t i o n s o f

t h e s e r v i n g r a i l r o a d o r t h e AREA Manua l f o r Ra i l wa y En g i n e e r i n g ,

mo d i f i e d wh e r e n e c e s s a r y , ma y b e u s e d . I n o r d e r t o p r o v i d e f o r t h e

s t a nd a r d i n t e r c h a n g e c a r , d es i g n s t r e n g t h wi l l n o t b e l e s s t h a n t h a t

r e q u i r e d f o r Co o p e r s E- 8 0 l o a d i n g ; h o we v e r , t h e d e s i g n s t r e ng t h c o u l d

b e s t r o ng e r i f c o n d i t i o n s wa r r a n t .

5 - 4 . - T r a c k s c a l e s . Ra i l r o a d t r a c k

d e p o t s o r t r o o p - h o u s i n g a r e a s .

i n s t a l l a t i o n s o n l y i f n e c e s s a r y

s t a nd po i n t .

s c a l e s wi l l n o t b e p r o v i d e d f o r

T h e y wi l l b e p r o v i d e d a t o t h e r

f r o m b o t h a n o p e r a t i n g a n d e c o n o mi c a l

o r

5 - 5 . Gu a r d r a i l s . Two i n ne r g u a r d r a i l s wi l l b e i n s t a l l e d o n a l l s i n g l e

t r a c k b r i d g e s a n d t r e s t l e s . E a c h g ua r d r a i l wi l l b e 1 1 i n c h e s f r o m t h e

t r a f f i c r a i l a n d wi l l e x t e nd a t l e as t 3 0 f e e t b e y o n d e a c h e n d o f t h e

b r i d g e o r t r e s t l e . One g u a r d r a i l wi l l b e p l a c e d o n e a c h t r a c k o f

d ou b l e - t r a c k b r i d g e s o r t r e s t l e s .

5 - 6 . Hi g h wa y - r a i l wa y g r a de c r o s s i n g . Th e g r a de c r o s s i n g o f a h i g h wa y

wi l l b e s u i t a b l e f o r t h e v o l u me o f h i g h wa y t r a f f i c a n d t r a i n t r a f f i c

a n d a p p r o p r i a t e f o r t h e p h y s i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e s i t e . Ty p i c a l

r a i l r o a d c r o s s i n g d e s i g n c a n b e f o un d i n t h e AREA Manua l f o r Ra i l wa y

En g i n e e r i n g .

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EM 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 529 Ap r 8 4

a . Dr a i n a g e . Ea c h c r o s s i n g wi l l h a v e a d e q ua t e d r a i n ag e .

Un de r d r a i n a g e wi l l b e i n s t a l l e d i f s i d e d r a i n ag e d o e s n o t p r e v e n t

f o r ma t i o n o f wa t e r p oc k e t s .

b . W d t h o f c r o s s i n g . Cr o s s i n g p a v e me n t s a n d / o r t i mb e r s o n r o a d s

o r d r i v e wa y s i n wa r e h o u s e s , s t o r a ge o r i n d u s t r i a l a r e as , a n d o n a l l

r o ad s wi t h c u r b s wi l l e x t e nd a t l e a s t 2 f e et o n e a c h s i d e o f t h e

a pp r o a c h h i g h wa y p a v emen t . Cr o s s i n g p a v e me n t s a n d / o r t i mb e r s o n

p r i ma r y o r s e c o n da r y r o ad s wi t h ou t c u r b s wi l l e x t e n d t h r o ug h t h e f ul l

wi d t h o f r o a d wa y i n c l u d i n g s h o u l d e r s .

c . Cr o s s i n g a p pr o a c h e s . Ap p r o a c h e s t o t h e t r a c k wi l l b e o n a

s mo o t h g r a de wi t h n o a b r u p t b r e a k s s o t h a t v e h i c l e s wi t h l o w r o a d

c l e ar a nc e may p a s s o v e r t h e c r o s s i n g wi t h o u t t o u c h i n g t h e r a i l o r

s u r f a c e .

d . Ra i l s . Ra i l s wi l l b e l a i d t o e l i mi n a t e j o i n t s wi t h i n t h e

c r o s s i n g wi t h t h e n e a r e s t j o i n t n o t l e s s t h an 6 f e e t f r o m t h e c r o s s i n g .

Whe r e n e c e s s a r y , l o n g o r we l d e d r a i l s wi l l b e u s e d . Ra i l s wi l l b e

d ou b l e s p i k e d, a n d t h e t r a c k s o l i d l y t a mp e d t o u n i f o r m s u r f a c e .

e . F l a n g e wa y wi d t h s . F l a n g e wa y s 2 - 1 / 2 i n c he s mi n i mu m wi d t h wi l l b e

p r o v i d e d o n t a n g e n t t r a c k o r o n c u r v e s o f 8 d e g r e e s o r l e s s , a n d 2 - 3 / 4

i n c h es mi n i mum wi d t h o n c u r v e s o f mo r e t h an 8 d e g r e e s .

f. Si g ns a n d s i g n a l s . T h e t y p e o f c r o s s i n g p r o t e c t i o n wi l l b e

d e t e r mi n e d b y t h e p h y s i c a l c ha r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e c r o s s i n g , d e n s i t y ,

a n d t y pe o f h i g h wa y a n d r a i l t r a f f i c .

g . Pu b l i c c r o s s i n gs . Pu b l i c c r o s s i n g s , d r a i n ag e , s i g ns , c r o s s i n g

p r o t e c t i o n , a n d a pp r o a c h e s n o t l o c a t e d wi t h i n a p r o j e c t wi l l c o n f o r m t o

t h e r e qu i r e me n t s o f t h e s t a t e o r mu n i c i p a l i t y a n d t h e r e c o mme n d a t i o n s

o f t h e AREA . T h e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f a n y me c h a n i c a l p r o t e c t i n g d e v i c e

r e q u i r e d b y p u b l i c r e g u l a t i o n wi l l b e c o v e r e d b y a n a g r e eme n t wi t h t h e

h i g h wa y a g e n c y .

5 - 7.

Gr o un d i n g.

Ra i l r o a d s p u r t r a c k s o r t r a c k s f o r u n l o ad i n g o rf i l l i n g t a n k c a r s wi t h a i r c r a f t o r a ut o mo t i v e f u e l s wi l l b e l o c a t e d n o t

l e s s t ha n 6 5 f ee t f r o m t h e c e n t e r l i n e o f o t h e r t r a c k s a n d n o t l e s s

t h an 1 0 0 f e e t f r o m t h e s h e l l o f a n a b o v e g r o u nd t a n k o r f r o m a n e x i s t i n g

b u i l d i n g o r f u t u r e b u i l d i n g n o t c on s i d e r e d a p a r t o f t h e t a n k f a r m .

T h i s r e s t r i c t i o n i s f o r b l a s t d i s t a n c e . Sh o ul d s i t e c o n d i t i o n s d i c t a t e

d i s t a n c e s l e s s t h an t h o s e s t a t e d a b o v e , wa i v e r mus t b e o b t a i n e d f r o m

t h e u s i n g s e r v i c e . Gr o un d i n g wi l l b e p r o v i d e d a t 1 0 0 - f o o t i n t e r v a l s ,

o r ma j o r f r a c t i o n s t h e r e o f , f o r e f f e c t i v e l y d i s c h a r g i n g e l e c t r i c a l

p o t e n t i a l s g e n e r a t e d b y s t a t i c a n d l i g h t n i n g b e f o r e t h e s e c h a r g e s a r e

p e r mi t t e d t o a c c u mu l a t e t o t h e p o i n t o f d i s c h a r g e a c r o s s a n a i r g a p

c a us i n g a s o u r c e o f i g n i t i o n o f h a z a r d ou smi x t u r e s . Gr o u nd i n g wi l l

i n c l u d e b on d i n g b e t we e n r a i l s e c t i o n s , i n s t a l l a t i o n o f g r o u n d

e l e c t r o de s , c o n n e c t i o n s b e t we e n g r o u nd e l e c t r o d e s a n d r a i l s , a n d

5 - 2

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i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n o f s p u r t r a c k wi t h b u i l d i n g g r o u n d i n g s y s t e ms wh e r et h e y a r e wi t h i n 2 5 f e e t o f e a c h o t h e r .

a.

El e c t r o d e s.

Gr o u n d e l e c t r o d e s n o r ma l l y wi l l c o n s i s t o f8 - f o o t - l o n g b y 3 / 4 - i n c h - d i a me t e r c o p p e r - c l a d s t e e l r o d s o r1 - i n c h - d i a me t e r z i n c - c o a t e d s t e e l p i p e . El e c t r o d e s wi l l b e d r i v e nv e r t i c a l l y t o a d e p t h s u f f i c i e n t t o h a v e t h e t o p n o t l e s s t h a n 1 2i n c h e s b e l o w t h e r o a d b e d s u r f a c e a t t h e b a l l a s t t o e o n o n e s i d e o f t h e

t r a c k . Wh e r e t h e r o a d b e d i s r o c k y , p r e v e n t i n g f u l l l e n g t h i n s t a l l a t i o no f t h e g r o u n d e l e c t r o d e s , n o t l e s s t h a n 1 5 f e e t o f No . 1 / 0 Ame r i c a nW r e Ga g e ( AWG) b a r e s t r a n d e d c o p p e r wi r e wi l l b e l a i d i n a f r ' e n c h a n dc o v e r e d wi t h n o t l e s s t h a n 6 i n c h e s o f ma t e r i a l a r r a n g e d t o r e ma i n i np l a c e , u n l e s s o t h e r p r o v i s i o n s a r e r e q u i r e d b y t h e u s i n g s e r v i c e .

b . Gr o u n d c o n n e c t i o n s a n d b o n d i n g . Ra i l s e c t i o n s wi l lb e b o n d e dt o g e t h e r wi t h n o t l e s s t h a n No . 1 / 0 AWG ( 3 / 8 - i n c h d i a me t e r ) b a r e

s t r a n d e d c o p p e r c o n d u c t o r , a n d t h e s e c t i o n s t e r mi n a t i n g b e y o n d t h e

1 0 0 - f o o t d i s t a n c e wi l l b e e l e c t r i c a l l y i n s u l a t e d f r o m t h e r e ma i n i n gr a i l s . Co n d u c t o r s b e t we e n r a i l s a n d g r o u n d e l e c t r o d e s , a n d

i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n s b e t we e n g r o u n d i n g s y s t e ms wi l l b e o f No . 2 AWG b a r es t r a n d e d c o p p e r i n s t a l l e d n o t . l e s s t h a n 1 2 i n c h e s b e l o w t h e r o a d b e d

s u r f a c e . Co n n e c t i o n s wi l l b e o f t h e b o l t e d , t h e r mo c h e mi c a l , o r o t h e r

a p p r o v e d p e r ma n e n t t y p e . Bo l t e d c o n n e c t o r s wi l l b e o f t h e p r e s s u r e b a r

t y p e h a v i n g n o r o t a t i n g p a r t s c o mi n g i n d i r e c t c o n t a c t wi t hc o n d u c t o r s .

E M 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 5 2

9 Ap r 8 4

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APPENDI X A

RAI LROAD LAYOUT DATA

+ Th e t a b l e s a n d f i g u r e s l i s t e d b e l o w a r e b a s e d o n t h e u s e o f : ( a )4 - f o o t 8 - 1 / 2 ~ i n c h g a g e , ( b ) No . 8 f r o g , 1 3 f e e t l o n g , t h e o r e t i c a l h e e ld i s t a n c e o f 8 f e e t 3 i n c h es , a n d ( c ) 6 8- f o ot l e a d d i s t a n c e . I f o t h e rt y p es o f t u r n ou t s a r e u s e d , ma t h e ma t i c a l c a l c u l a t i o n s wi l l b e n e c e s s a r yi n l i e u o f t h es e t a b l e s a n d f i g u r e s .

- F i g u r e A- 1 s ho ws b a s i c l a y ou t d a t a f o r No . 8 t u r n ou t s a n d

c o mp o n e n t s .

EM 1 11 0 - 3 - 1 52

9 Ap r 8 4

- F i g u r e s A- 2 a n d A- 2 ( a ) ( wi t h t a b l e s A- 1 t h r o u g h A- 6 ) s h o w

d i me n s i o n s f o r mi n i mu m t r a c k a g e i n l a y ou t s wh e r e p a r a l l e l t r a c k sa t v a r i o u s c e n t e r s a r e r e a c h e d o v e r c u r v e d e n t r a n c e t r a c k s .

- F i g u r e A- 3 s h o ws s p ac i n g o f f r o g s i n c r o s s o v e r s b e t we e n p a r a l l e l

t r a c k s i n wh i c h t h e c r o s s ov e r t r a c k i s o n r e v e r s e d c u r v e s wi t h

s u f f i c i e n t t a n ge n t b e t we e n c u r v e s t o a d j u s t t h e l o c o mo t i v e w h e e l

b a s e .

F i g u r e A- 4 ( wi t h t a b l e A- 7 ) s ho ws e s s e n t i a l d i me n s i o n s f o r l a d d e r

a n d y a r d t r a c k s wh e r e t h e l a d d e r mus t b e o n a c u r v e . I n t h e

t a b l e , a l l c u r v a t u r e i s t a k e n u p i n t h e t u r n o u t l e a d s , t h e

d i s t a n c e b e t we e n f r o g s b e i n g t h e c h o r d d i s t a n c e s u b t e n d e d b y t h e

f r o g a n g l e . Th e f o r mu l a o n f i g u r e A- 4 c a n b e u s e d f o r a n y

c omb i n a t i o n o f l a d d e r c u r v a t u r e a n d t u r n o u t s p a c i n g .

F i g u r e A- 5 s h ow s e s s e n t i a l d i me n s i o n s f o r t wo t y p e s o f r a i l r o a d

y a r d l a d d e r s .

Ta b l e A- 8 i s a t a b u l a t i o n o f ma t e r i a l r e q u i r e d f o r 1 , 0 00 f e e t o f

' t r a c k .

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EM 1 1 1 0 - 3 - 1 52

9 Ap r 8 4

U . S . Ar my Co r p s o f En g i n ee r s

TAN 7 ( ' 0 9 ' 1 0 " - 82 " 354+ 2 . 3 7 2

- A - A

A=37 . 6 7 OR 37 - 8 °

2 . 3 54

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F I GURE A- 1 . BA SI C DATA FOR STANDARD NO . 8 TURNOUT GAGE 4 FEET 8 1 / 2

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Ta bl e A- 1 . Mi n i mum Tr a c k a n d Op er a t i n g Movement

Ca s e I - Re f e r e nc e F i g u r e A- 2R = 5 7 3 . 6 9 ' , D = 1 0 ° , Tu r n ou t s No . 8

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7 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ? " 0 ° 5 0 ' 1 3 5 . 8 3 2 0 8 3 1 1 9 3 . . 6 0 1 3 6 7 8 3 4 4. 1 4 3 3 0. 4 8 6 7 4 5

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8/14/2019 EM 1110-3-152 - Railroads - Mobilization Construction 1

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EM 1110 - 3 - 1 . 5 2

9 Ap r 84

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Mi n i mu m T r a c k a n d Op er a t i n g M o vem en t

C a s e I - Re f e r e n c e F i g u r e A- 2

R = 4 7 8 . 3 4 ' , D = 1 2 ° , T u r n o u t s No . 8

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Ta b l e A- 3 .Mi n i mu m T r a c k a n d Op er a t i n g Movemen t

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8- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 0 2 0 ' 1 7 . 3 8 8 0 . 9 5 6 & 9 9 2 9 . 86 9 8 . 3 3 9 & 85 1 9 6 . 1 27114 1 ' 2 0 . 3 0 8 3 . 4 5 6 9 . 7 5 3 2 3 6 1 0 3. 7 5 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 3 . 86

8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 0 0 1 ' 2 3 . 1 2 8 5 . 88 7140 34 . 79 10 9 . 00 1 0 7 . 1 9 2 16 . 1 99 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 0 2 2 ' 2 5 . 83 88 . 2 4 7 4 . 9 5 3 7 . 15 114 . 0 7 11210 2 2 6 . 1 7

2 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 0 4 1 ' 2 8 . 48 9 Q 6 4 7 7 . 42 3 9 . 4 5 1 19 . 0 2 11& 8 7 2 35. 8 9

l _ _ . _ _ . . _ _ __ _ . - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ . 1 2 0 5 9 ' 3 1 . 0 4 9 2 . 7 9 7 9 . 80 41 . 7 0 1 2 3. 8 3 1 2 1 . SO 2 4 5 . 33

. 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 0 1 8 ' 3 3 . 5 3 9 4. 9 8 8 2 1 1 43 . 89 1 2 8 . S1 12 6 . 0 0 2 5 4 . 5 1

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 0 3 6 ' 3 5 . 9 5 9 7 . 14 84 . 3 9 4 8 . 0 5 1 3 3 . 0 9 130 . 44 2 6 3 . 5 31 3 0 5 3 ' 3 8 . 3 1 9 9 . 2 3 86 . 5 3 4 8 . 1 4 1 3 7 . 5 4 134 . 6 7 2 7 2 2 1

1 4 0 1 1 ' 40 . 6 2 1 0 1 . 2 8 88 . 6 4 5 0 . 1 9 1 4 1 . 9 0 138. 8 3 2 8 0. 7 3

2 6 1 4 0 28 ' 4 2 88 1 0 3 . 3 0 9 0 . 7 1 5121 14& 1 8 14292 2 39 . 103 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 4 0 4 4 ' 4 5 . 0 8 1 0 5 . 2 8 9 2 7 1 5 4 . 1 9 1 6 0 3 6 14& 9 0 2 9 7 . 2 6

1 5 0 0 1 ' 47 . 2 5 1 0 7 . 2 2 9 4 . 87 5 6 . 1 3 1 5 4 . 47 1 5 0 . 80 30 5 . 2 7

, 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 6 0 1 7 '49 . 3 7

1 0 9 . 1 3 9 & 5 9 5 8 . 0 4 1 5 8 .

5 01 5 4

. 6 3 313. 1 3

3 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 6 0 3 2 ' 5 1 . 45 1 1 1 . 0 1 9 8 . 4 8 5 9 . 9 2 1 6 2 46 1 5 8 . 3 8 3 2 0. 8 4

1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 5 0 4 8 ' 5 3 . 49 112 8 5 1 00 . 2 8 6 1 . 7 6 1 6 & 3 4 16204 3 2 8 . 331 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 0 0 3 ' 3 5 . 5 0 1 1 4 . 6 7 10%07 6 3 . 5 8 1 7Q 1 7 1 6 5 . 6 3 3 3 5 . 8 2

1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 6 0 1 8 ' 5 7 . 47 1 1 6 . 46 10 3 . 83 6 6 . 3 7 1 7 3 . 9 3 16 9 . 20 343 . 13

4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 6 0 3 3 ' 5 9 . 4 1 118 . 2 2 10 5 . 5 4 6 7 . 1 3 1 7 7 . 8 3 1 7 1 . 6 7 3 5 0 3 0I S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 6 0 4 8 ' 6 1 . 3 2 1 1 9 . 9 6 1 07 . 2 3 6 8 . 8 7 1 8 1 . 2 8 17 6. 1 0 36 7. 3 86 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 7 0 0 2 ' 6 3 . 2 0 1 2 1 . 6 7 10 8 . 8 8 7 0 6 8 1 8 4 . 87 17 9 . 46 3 6 4 . 3 . 1

3T- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 7 0 1 6 ' 6 5 . 0 6 1 2 3 . 3 6 1 10 . 5 0 7 2 2 7 188 42 18177 3 7 1 . 1 9

8 ; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 7 0 3 0 ' 6 & 8 9 1 2 5 . 0 4 11109 7 3 . 9 5 1 9 1 . 9 3 1 8& 0 4 3 7 7. 9 7

9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 7 0 4 4 ' 6 & 6 9 1 2 6 . 6 9 113 . 6 5 7 5 . 6 0 1 9 5 . 38 1 8 9 . 2 5 384 . 6 3

4 0 - _ _ - - _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - . _ _ __ _ _ - _ - _ - - - 1 7 0 5 8 ' 7 0 . 47 1 2 8 3 1 1 1 5 . 1 9 7 7 . 2 2 1 9 8 . 7 8 1 9 2 4 1 3 9 1 . 19

S- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 9 0 0 4 ' 7 9 . 0 3 1 3 6 . 1 6 12250 8 5 . 0 7 2 15 . 1 9 2 0 7. 5 7 42170

s o - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 0 0 0 6 ' 87 . 1 2 1 4 3 . 6 1 1 2 9 . 2 5 9 2 . 5 2 2 3 Q 7 3 2 2 1 . 7 7 45250

3 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 0 0 6 ' 9 4 . 8 1 1 5 Q 6 9 1 3 5 . 5 5 9 9 . 6 0 2 45 : 5 0 2 . 3 5 . 1 5 48 0 U~ 0 - - - - - . _ _ - - _ _ _ _ . - _ _ __ _ - _ _ _ __ _ __ _ 2 2 0 0 3 ' 10217 1 5 7 . 4 8 1 4 1 . 43 10 6 . 3 9 2 5 9 . 6 5 2 47 . 8 2 5 0 7. 4 71 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 0 5 8 ' 1 0 9 . 2 3 1 6 3 . 9 9 1 4 6 . 9 7 11290 : . 1 3 . 2 2 2 5 9. 8 7 53309

T o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. . . 2 3 0 5 0 ' 1 1 6 . 0 3 17 0. 2 7 1 5 2 1 8 119 . 1 8 2 8& 3 2 2 7 1 . 3 6 5 6 7 . 6 8

1 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 4 0 4 1 ' 12163 1 7 & 34 1 5 7 . 11 12 5 . 2 5 2 9 8 9 7 2 8 2 3 6 5 8 L 3 3

t 9 0 . . . . . . . _ . _ - - - . - . _ - _ _ . . - _ _ . _ _ __ _ 2 3 ° 3 1 ' 1 2 9 . 0 7 18222 1 8 1 . 7 8 1 3 1 . 1 3 3 11 . 2 9 2 9 2 9 1 6 0 4. 2 0

8/14/2019 EM 1110-3-152 - Railroads - Mobilization Construction 1

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EM 1 11 0- 3 - 1 52

9 Ap r 8 4

Ta b l e A- 4. Mi n i mum T r a c k

a nd Op er a t i n g MovementCa s e I I - Re f e r e nc e F i g u r e A- 2 a

R = 5 7 3 . 6 9 ' , R 1 = 47 8 . 3 4 ' , D = 1 0 ° , D 1 = 1 2 ° , Tu r n o u t s No . 8

U . S . A r my Co r p s o f En g i n ee r s

? ! R S . d a c r a a a

Tr a c k No . 1

A - f t . L " t t .

T r a c k No . s

8 - f t. L f t .

T o t a l - f t .

Tr a c k 1 T r a c k 2

To wt r a c k f t .

1 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0 2 7 ' 7 . 7 1 7 8 . ' 8 0 8255 2 3 . 0 3 8 8 . 5 1 85 . 5 8 17209

1 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6 4 9 ' 1 1 . 2 9 8 1 . 7 8 8 5 . 40 2 6 . 6 1 9 3 . 0 7 9 2 . 0 1 1 85 . 0 81 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 ° 1 0 ' 1 4 . 7 4 8 4 . 6 6 8 8 . 1 3 3 0 . 0 6 9 9 . 4 0 9 8 . 1 9 1 9 7 . 5 9

1 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 ° 3 0 ' 1 8 0 5 8 7 . 45 7 0 . 7 5 3 3 . 4 1 1 0 5 . 5 0 1 0 4 . 1 8 2 09 . 6 6

1 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 ° 4 9 ' 2 1 . 2 6 9 a 1 4 7 3 2 7 3 8 . 6 5 1 1 1 . 4 0 1 09 . 9 2 2 2 1 . 3 2

1 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0 0 8 ' 2 4 . 3 8 9179 7 5 . 6 9 3 9 . 7 9 1 1 7 . 1 5 1 1 5 . 48 23263

1 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0 2 6 ' 2 7 . 3 8 9 5 . 3 2 7 8 0 4 4283 1 2 2 7 0 1 2 0 . 8 7 2 4 3 5 7

2 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 ° 4 4 ' 3 0 . 3 0 9 7 . 80 8 0 . 3 1 4 5 . 83 1 2 8 , 1 0 1 2 6 . 1 4 2 5 4. 2 4

2 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 ° 0 2 ' 3 3 1 5 1 0 0. 2 3 8151 4 8 7 4 1 3 3 . 3 8 1 3 1 . 2 5 2 6 4 . 6 3

2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 ° 1 9 ' 3 5 . 9 4 1 0 2 5 9 S4 6 6 5 1 . 5 3 1 3 8 . 5 3 1 3 6 . 2 4 2 7 4 7 7

2 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 ' 3 5 ' 3 8 . 6 4 1 0 4 . 9 1 S8 . 7 2 5 4 3 6 1 4 3 . 5 5 1 4 1 . 0 8 28463

2 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 ° 5 2 ' 4 1 . 2 9 1 0 7 . 1 8 8 8 7 5 5 7 . 0 8 1 4 8 . 4 7 1 4 5 . 83 2 9 4 . 3 0

2 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 0 0 8 ' 4 3 . 8 9 1 0 9 . 3 9 9 0 . 7 2 5 9 . 7 4 1 5 3 . 2 8 1 5 0 . 46 3 0 3 - 7 4

2 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 ° 2 3 ' 4 6 . 4 3 1 1 1 . 5 7 9 2 . 83 6235 1 5 8 . 0 0 ( 1 5 4 . 9 8 3 12 . 9 S

2 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 ° 3 9 ' 48 9 1 1 1 3 . 7 1 9 4 . 5 1 6 4 . 9 2 1 6 2 6 2 1 5 9 . 43 3 2 2 . 0 5

2 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 ' 3 4 ' 6 1 . 3 8 1 1 5 . 80 9 8 . 3 4 6 7 . 43 1 6 7 . 1 6 1 6 3 7 7 3 3 0 . 9 3

2 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 ' 0 9 ' S3 7 5 1 1 7 . 8 6 9 8 1 2 6 9 . 9 1 1 7 1 . 6 1 1 6 8 0 3

I

3 3 9 . 6 4

3 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 ° 2 3 ' 5 8 . 1 1 1 1 9 . 89 9 9 . 8 7 7234 1 7 8 . 0 0 1 7 2 2 1 3 48 2 1

8 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 ° 3 8 ' 5 8 4 2 1 2 1 . 8 8 1 0 1 . 6 0 7 4 . 7 3 1 80 . 3 0 1 7 6 . 3 3 3 5 8 . 6 3

3 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 ° 5 2 ' 6 a 7 0 1 2 3 : 84 1 0 3 . 2 8 7 7 . 0 8 1 84 . 5 4 1 8 0 . 3 6 3 6 4 . 9 0

3 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 ° 0 8 ' 6 2 9 4 1 2 5 . 7 7 1 0 4 9 2 7 9 . 40 1 8 8 . 71 1 8 4 . 3 2 3 7 3 0 3

8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 ° 1 9 ' 6 5 . 1 4 1 2 7 . 6 8 1 0 8 . 5 4 8 1 . 6 8 1 9 2 . 8 2 1 88 2 2 3 8 1 . 0 4

8 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 ° 3 3 ' 6 7 . 3 1 1 2 9 . 5 5 1 0 8 1 2 83 9 3 1 9 8. 8 6 1 9 2 . 0 5 3 83 . 9 1

3 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 ° 4 6 ' 6 9 . 45 1 3 1 . 4 0 1 0 9 . 6 8 88 . 1 5 2 0 0 . 8 5 1 9 5 . 83 3 9 8 , 6 8

8 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 ° 5 9 ' 7 1 . 5 7 1 3 3 . 2 2 1 1 1 . 2 1 88 . 3 4 1204 7 9 1 9 9 . 5 5 J 4 0 4 . 3 4

3 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 0 1 2 ' 7 3 . 8 5 1 3 5 . 0 3 11170 9 0 . 5 0 2 0 8 . 6 8 2 0 3 . 2 0 i41 1 . 88

3 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 ° 2 5 ' 7 5 . 7 1 1 3 6 . 80 1 1 4 1 8 I 9 2 6 3 2 1 2 5 1 2 0 8. 8 1 4 1 9 . 3 2

4 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 ° 3 8 ' 7 7 . 7 4 1 3 8 5 6 1 1 5 . 84 9 4 . 7 4 2 1 6 . 3 0 2 1 0 . 3 8 42 8 6 8

4 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 ° 3 9 ' 8 7. 5 4

1 4 7. 0 3 12258

1 0 4.9 0 2 3 4 . 5 7 2 2 7 . 4 8 I 4 62 . 0 3

6 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 0 3 6 ' 9 8 . 82 1 5 5 . 0 5 1 2 9 . 9 7 1 1 4 . 5 3 2 5 1 . 87 2 43 . 5 0 4 9 5 . 3 7

5 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 ° 3 1 ' 1 0 5 . 6 7 1 6 2 . 8 9 1 3 4 . 9 7 1 2 3 7 0 2 5 3 . 3 6 2 5 £ R 6 7 5 2 1 . 0 3

6 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 ° 2 4 ' 1 1 4 1 3 1 ! 7 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 5 9 1 3 2 4 7 2 8 4 . 1 3 2 7 3 . 0 8 5 5 7 . 1 9

6 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 0 1 5 ' 1 2 2. 2 8 1 7 7 . 0 2 1 4 5 . 88 1 4 0 . 8 9 2 9 9 . 3 0 2 8 6 . 7 7 5 88 . 0 7

7 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 ° 0 3 ' 1 3 0 . 1 3 1 8 3 . 7 5 1 5 0 : 87 1 4 9 . 0 1 3 1 3 . 88 2 9 9 . 83 81 3 . 7 8

7 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 ° 5 0 ' 1 3 7 . 7 3 1 9 0 . 3 2 1 5 5 . 5 9 1 5 8 . 8 6 3 2 8 . 0 5 3 1 2 4 5 6 40 . 5 0

s o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 ° 3 8 ' 1 4 5 . 1 0 1 9 8 . 6 5 1 1 6 0 . 0 8 1 8 4 . 45 3 4 1 . 7 5 3 2 4 . 5 3 i 6 6 6 . 2 8

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Ta bl e A- 5 . Mi n i mum Tr a c k an d Op er a t i n g Mo v eme nt

Case I I - Re f e r e nc e Fi g u r e A- 2 a

R = 4 7 8 . 3 4 ' , R1 = = 1 1 0 . 2 8 ' , D = 1 2 ° , D 1 = 1 4 ° , Tu r n o u t s \ o . 8

EM 1 1 1 0- 3 - 1 5 2

9 Ap r 8 4

U . S . Ar my Co r p s o f En gi n ee r s

P f t . I , d e ; r e e a

Tr a c k No . 1

A - f t . L f t .

T r a c k No . 2

B f t . 1 , f t .

ToWM

Tr a c k 1 T r a c k 2

TourL a c k f t .

1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 0 ° 1 3 ' 8 4 1 7 2 . 9 5 5 4 . 8 3 2 5 . 5 0 8 1 . 3 6 80 . 3 3 1 8 1 . 8 91 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 ° 3 6 ' 1 1 . 8 5 7 3 . 7 1 57 . 6 6 2 & 7 2 8 7 . 5 6 86 . 3 8 1 73 . 9 41 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 0 ° 5 8 ' 1 5 . 1 4 78 . 3 7 6 0 . 3 5 3 1 . 8 3 9 3 . 5 1 9 2 . 1 8 1 8 5 . 6 91 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 ° 2 0 ' ' S 3 0 80 . 9 5 62 93 i 3 4 . 8 4 9 9 . 25 9 7 . 7 7 1 9 7 . 021 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 1 ° 4 1 ' 2 1 . 3 5 8 3 . 4 5 6 5 . 4 0 3 7 . 7 5 1 04 . 80 1 0 3 . 1 5 207 . 9 51 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 0 0 1 ' 2 4 . 3 0 8 5 . 8 8 6 7 . 7 7 4 0 . 5 9 1 1 0 . 2 8 1 08 3 8 2 1 5 54

1 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 ° 2 2 ' 2 7 . 1 5 8 8 . 2 4 7 0 . 06 4 3 . 3 4 1 1 1 5 . 3 9 1 1 3 . 4 0 22 5 79

2 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 0 4 1 ' 2 9 . 9 1 9 0 . 54 7227 4 6 . 03 1 2 0 . 45 1 1 & 3 0 2 3 8 75

2 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 0 5 9 ' 3 2 . 6 1 9279 74 . 4 1 4 8 6 5 1 2 5 . 40 1 2 3 . 06 2 4 8 4822 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 ° 1 8 ' 3 5 . 2 3 9 4 . 9 8 76 . 48 5 1 . 2 1 1 3 0 . 2 1 1 2 7 . 8 9 257 . 9 023 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 ° 3 6 ' 3 7 . 7 8 9 7 . 1 4 78 . 4 9 53 . 7 1 1 3 4 . 9 2 1 3 2 2 0 26 7 . 1 2

24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 ° 5 3 ' 40 . 27 9 9 . 2 3 80 . 44 56 . 1 6 1 3 9 . 5 0 1 3 6 . 8 0 278 . 1 025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 ° 1 1 ' 42 . 7 1 1 0 1 . 28 82 . 3 4 5 8 5 6 1 4 3 . 9 9 1 4 0 . 9 0 284 . 8 926 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 ° 2 8 ' 45 . 1 0 1 0 3 . 3 0 8 4 . 1 9 6 0 . 9 0 1 4 8 . 40 1 4 5 . 09 2 9 3 . 4 927 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 ° 4 4 ' 47 . 43 1 0 5 . 28 8 5 . 9 9 6 3 . 2 2 1 5 2 . 7 1 1 4 9 . 2 1 301 . 9 2

28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 5

° 0 1 '4 9

. 721 0 7

. 2 28 7

. 756 5

. 4 5 1 5 6 . 9 41 5 3

. 2 0 3 1 0 . 1 42 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 5 ° 1 7 ' 5 1 . 9 7 1 0 9 . 1 3 8 9 . 47 6 7 . 7 1 1 6 1 . 1 0 1 5 7 . 1 8 3 1 8 . 2 83 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 ° 3 2 ' 5 4 . 1 7 1 1 1 . 01 9 1 . 1 5 6 9 . 9 0 1 8 5 . I 8 1 8 1 . 05 3 2 & 233 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 ° 4 8 ' 5 6 . 3 3 1 1 2 8 3 9 2 7 9 7206 1 6 9 . 1 8 1 6 4 . 85 3 3 4 03

3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 8 ° 0 3 ' 5 8 4 7 1 1 4 . 6 7 9 4 . 3 9 74 . I 8 1 7 3 . 1 4 1 8 8 . 5 7 3 4 1 . 7 13 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 ° 1 8 ' . 6 0 . 58 1 1 6 . 4 6 9 5 . 9 6 76 . 2 6 1 7 7 . 0 2 1 7 2 2 2 349 . 2 48 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 ° 3 3 ' 8 2 . 6 2 1 1 8 22 9 7 . 50 7 8 3 1 1 8 0 . 8 4 1 75 . 82 3 56 . 6 89 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 ° 4 8 ' 6 4 . 8 5 1 1 9 . 9 6 9 9 . 01 8 0 . 3 5 1 8 4 . 8 1 1 7 9 . 3 6 3 6 3 . 9 78 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 ° 0 2 ' 6 6 . 85 1 2 1 . 6 7 1 00 . 4 9 8 2 3 5 1 8 8 . 3 2 1 1 8 2 . 84 3 7 1 . 1 83 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 ° 1 6 ' 6 8 . 6 3 1 2 3 . 3 6 1 0 1 . 9 6 8 4 . 3 2 1 9 1 . 9 9 1 8 6 . 28 3 7 8 2 7

3 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 ° 3 0 ' 70 . 57 1 2 5 . 0 4 1 0 3 . 3 7 8 6 . 2 7 1 9 5 . 8 1 1 8 9 . 6 4 3 8 5 . 253 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 ° 4 4 ' 7 2 . 4 9 1 2 6 . 6 9 1 0 4 . 77 . 8 819 1 9 9 . 1 8 1 9 2 . 9 6 392144 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 ° 5 8 ' 7 4 . 3 9 1 2 8 3 1 1 0 6 . 1 5 9 0 . 0 9 2 02 . 7 0 1 9 6 . 2 4 3 9 8 9 44 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 ° 0 4 ' 8 3 . 5 2 1 3 6 . 1 6 1 1 2 . 6 9 ) 9 9 . 2 5 2 19 . 8 8 2 1 1 . 9 4 43 1 . 8 2

50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 ° 0 6 ' 9 2 . 1 6 1 4 3 . 6 1 1 1 8 . 7 3 1 0 7 . 9 3 23 5 . 77 226 . 86 482 . 4 35 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 ° 0 6 ' 1 00. 3 9 1 5 0 : 8 9 1 2 4 . 3 4 ( 1 1 6 . 2 0 2 5 1 . 0 8 240 . 54 49 1 . 6 2

80- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - -

2 2 0 0 3 ' 1 08 26 1 5 7 . 48 1 2 9 . 5 9 1 2 4 . 1 2 2 6 5 . 7 4 253 . 7 1 51 9 . 4 5

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8/14/2019 EM 1110-3-152 - Railroads - Mobilization Construction 1

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9 Ap r 8 4

, Ta b l e A- 6 . Mi n i mu m Tr a c k a n d Op er a t i n g Movement

C a s e I I - Re f e r e nc e F i g u r e A - 2 a

R = 5 7 3 . 6 9 ' , R 1 = 4 1 0 . 2 8 ' , D = 1 0 ° , D l = 1 4 ° , Tu r n o u t s No . 8

U . S . A r my Co r p s o f En g i n ee r s

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8 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 ° 0 3 ' 8 2 8 2 1 1 4 . 6 7 8 3 . 6 3 8 9 . 0 1 1 7 7 . 2 9 17264 3 4 9 . 9 33 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 0 1 8 ' 6 4 8 8 1 1 6 . 4 8 8 4 9 5 9 1 . 5 2 1 8 1 . 3 4 1 7 8 . 4 7 3 5 7 . 8 1

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3 6 . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 ° 0 2 ' 7 1 . 4 8 1 2 1 . 8 7 8 & 7 4 9 & 8 2 1 9 3 . 1 5 1 8 7 . 6 6 3 8 0 7 1

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3 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 9 3 0 ' 7 5 . 7 3 1 2 5 . 0 4 9 1 . 1 8 1 0 3 5 2 2 0 0. 7 7 1 9 4 6 8 3 9 5 . 4 6

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Y1z -T i n i l+

t l - t a n ge n t d i s t a nc e

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Y l - ( R+Pl ) - [ ( R+ f ) Co s I 1 ]

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So l u t i o n f o r t r a c k No . 1

L e t s - R+P, b - R+ f , A- B - F

f o r y a r d t r a c k s - X-

R - Ra d i u s o f e qu i v a l e n t c u r v e o f l a dd er t r a c k

P1 , 2 , 3 - Di s t a n c es f r o m c en t e r l i n e o f l a dd e r t oc o ns e cu t i v e y a r d t r a c k s

f - Di s t a nc e b e t we e n c en t e r s o f l a d d e r a n d y a r d

t r a ck s me a s u r e d a t r i g h t a ng l e s t o t h e l a d d e r

t r a c k a t t h e h e e l o f f r o g . f - 5 . 7 6 21 f o r No . 8 f r o g .

C - Di s t a nc e b e t we e n t h e h e e l o f f r o g , a l o n g t h e

c en t e r l i n e o f a y a r d t r a c k , a n d a p o i n t wh e r ey a r d t r a c k c en t e r l i n e i s i n t e r s ec t e d b y a r a d i a l

l i n e t h r o u gh t h e h e e l o f f r og o f t h e l a dd e r

t r a c k . C - 0 . 3 6 0 14 f o r No . 8 f r o g h av i n g a

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REQUI RED :Va l u e s o f I , i , t , R a n d t a n ge n t b a c k o f h e e l o f

f r o g f o r a l l y a r d t r a c k s .

U . S . A r my Co r p s o f En gi n ee r s

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A- 1 2

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o u t a s er i e s o f c on ce nt r i c v a r d

t r a c k e f r o m a c u r v ed l a d d e r t r a c k .

T ab l e A- 7 wa s d ev e l o p ed b a s e d o n

c u r v e d l a dd er s i n wh i c h t h e d i s t a nc e

b e t we e n f r o g s s u b t e n ds one f r o g

a ng l e . Th e t a b l e i s a l s o b a s e d

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a + b Ta n 1 / 2 ( A+ B)

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( 8 0 1 . 5 5 +1 3 ) - ( 8 0 1 . 5 5 + 5 . 7 )

Tan 1 / 2 ( A+ B) - 1 4 . 0 1

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GI V EN :

Di s t a nc e b e t we e n f r o g s( 8 1 4 . 5 5 ) - [ ( 8 0 7 . 3 12 ) ( . 9 89 85 9 ) ] - 1 5 . 4 2

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Si n e 7 ° 0 9 ' 1 0 " - . 1 2 4 51 5 Si n i l Si n 1 5 ° 1 9 ' 1 0 "

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EM 1 11 0 - 3 - 1 52

9 Ap r 8 4

T i e s

U . S . A r my Co r p s o f En g i n e e r s

A- 1 6

NOTES : No a l l o wa n c e i s made i n j o i n t b ar s , b o l t s , a n d wa s h e r s f o r s h o r t

r a i l .Sp i k e q u a n t i t i e s a r e b a s e d o n 6 - b y 5 . 8 - i n c he s s p i k e s . On

c u r v es i n c r e a s e q u a n t i t i e s 5 0 p e r c e n tBo l t s a n d n u t s a r e g e n e r a l l y s h i p p e d i n same c o n t a i n e r .Ba l l a s t i s f o r t a n g e n t t r a c k wi t h 1 5 p e r c e n t a l l o wa n c e f o r

s h r i n k a g e .

Ba l l a s t ( 8 i n c he s u n d e r t i e ) , c u b i c y a r d s

Si n g l e t r a c k , 4 9 0 4 9 0

Do u b l e t r a c k 9 4 0 9 4 0

No . p e r r a i l - 2 0

No . p e r r a i l - 2 1

No . p e r r a i l - 2 2

No . p e r r a i l - 2 3No . p e r r a i l - 2 4

5 1 2

5 3 8

5 64

5 8 96 1 5

5 1 2

5 3 8

5 6 4

5 8 96 1 5

T i e Pl a t e s , n e t t o n s

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No . o f t i e s - 5 3 8 6 . 0 7 7 , . 2 0

No . o f t i e s - 5 64 6 . 3 6 7 . 5 5

No . o f t i e s - 5 8 9 6 . 6 4 , 7 . 8 9

No . o f t i e s - 6 1 5 6 . 9 4 8 . 2 3

Sp i k e s ( 4 p e r t i e ) 2 0 0 - p o un d k e g s

No . o f t i e s - 5 1 2 8 . 4 8 . 4

No . o f t i e s - 5 3 8 8 . 9 8 . 9

No . o f t i e s - 5 64 9 . 3 9 . 3

No . o f t i e s - 5 8 9 9 . 7 9 . 7

No . o f t i e s - 61S 1 0 . 1 1 0 . 1

T r a c k b o l t s , 2 0 0 - p o un d k e g s

Si z e - 1 x 5 - 1 / 2 , i n c he s 2 . 3

Si z e - 1 x 6 , i n c he s 2 . 4

Sp r i n g wa s h e r s , p o u n d s( a p p r o x i ma t e l y ) 3 7 . 0 3 7 . 0

Ta b l e A- 8 . Ma t e r i a l Re q u i r e d f o r 1 , 0 00 F e e t o f T r a c k

Ma t e r i a l

Ra i l Se c t i o n9 0 ARA-A ( 3 9 - Fo ot ) ,

1 1 5 RE

Ra i l we i g h t , l o n g t o n s 2 6 . 7 8 2 8 . 9 7

J o i n t b a r s

No . o f p a i r s 5 1 . 2 8 5 1 . 2 8

We i g h t , n e t t o n s 1 . 6 4 1 . 9 1

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Go v e r nme n t Pu b l i c a t i o n s .

EM 1 1 10 - 3 - 1 3 6 Dr a i n ag e a n d Er o s i o n Co n t r o l .

No n g o v e r n me n t Pu b l i c a t i o n s .

APPENDI X B

REFERENCES

Ame r i c a n Ra i l wa y En gi n e er i n g As s oc i a t i o n( AREA) , 2 0 0 0 L St r e e t NW, Wa s h i n g t o n , DC 2 0 0 3 6

Manua l f o r Ra i l wa y En g i n e e r i n g , ( F i x e d Pr o p e r t i e s ) ( Cu r r e n t t oJ u l y 3 1 , 1 9 8 2 ) ( Su p p l e me n t 1 9 8 2 - 8 3 ) .

EM 1 1 10 - 3 - 1 5 2

9 Ap r 8 4