energy audit

ENERGY AUDIT REPORT

14 MARREN STREET ST CATHARINES, ONTARIO, CANADA

INSPECTION DATE:FEBRUARY 15, 2012

PREPARED FOR:MR AND MRS BONI

BY:

For Environmental solution

For Environmental solution

20 Hill Park Lane, St. Catharines, Ontario Canada L2G 5Z5 Contact: 289 696 4427 www.kmb.com

http://www.kmb.com/

Energy Audit: 14 Marren St., St. Catharines, ON by KMB Consulting Ltd.

KMB Consulting Ltd.

KMB Consulting Ltd,20 Hill Park Lane, St Catharines289-696-4416

February 23, 2012Mr. and Mrs. Boni14 Marren St Catharines,L2P 2J6

Dear Mr. and Mrs. Boni,

RE: ENERGY AUDIT: 14 MARREN STREET, ST CATHARINES

B K Consultants have completed an energy audit on your property located at 14 Marren Street, St Catharines as requested. The energy audit was carried out to assess the energy consumption, energy use and energy loss areas to enable us make the required recommendations.

All findings and recommendations have been reported in this report. Recommendations would exceed the minimum building requirement as specified by your province building code.

Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions or concerns with regards to this report. Your satisfaction is of great importance to us. Thanks you for contracting B K consultants.

Yours Sincerely,

For KMB Consulting Ltd:Babajide OlufunsoKhalid Mahmood Baah Kelly

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Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................4

1.1 Scope..............................................................................................................................4

1.2 Property Information.....................................................................................................5

1.3 Property Description.....................................................................................................5

2.0 METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................5

2.1 Limitations.....................................................................................................................6

3.0 OVERALL ENERGY CONSUMPTION.....................................................................................6

4.0 ENERGY USE.......................................................................................................................8

4.1 Electricity.......................................................................................................................8

4.2 Water Consumption....................................................................................................10

4.3 Natural gas...................................................................................................................10

5.0 REDUCTION OPPORTUNITIES...........................................................................................10

5.1 Domestic Hot Water System.......................................................................................10

5.2 Water Consumptions...................................................................................................11

5.3 Windows and Doors....................................................................................................12

5.4 Gas Furnace................................................................................................................. 12

5.5 Walls and Floors.......................................................................................................... 12

5.6 Behavioural Reductions...............................................................................................13

6.0 RECCOMENDATIONS........................................................................................................13

7.0 SUMMARY........................................................................................................................14

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8.0 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................15

9.0 Appendix A.......................................................................................................................16

1.0 INTRODUCTION

An energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a

building, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without

negatively affecting the output(s). The completion of a home energy audit can yield the following

benefits to the home owner by identifying changes that can be made to help:

reduce the home’s annual energy bill by up to 30 per cent,

improve the resale value of the property,

make the home more comfortable all year round and;

Contribute to a cleaner environment by reducing carbon dioxide and green house gas

emissions.

The desire to achieve the aforementioned benefits, led Mr. and Mrs. Boni (hereafter referred to

as the client) to contract KMB Consulting to carry out an energy audit on the subject property (14

Marren Street, St. Catharines, Ontario).

1.1 Scope

The scope of work for this energy audit includes a complete assessment of energy consumption

of the subject property with the aim of identifying energy saving opportunities for improvements

based on the findings of the assessment/audit. This entails;

Performing a site visit to observe and take note of existing facilities currently in use on

the subject property. It includes itemizing all electrical appliances and other equipments

that deal with energy consumption,

interviews with occupants of the property so as to understand behavioral patterns and

how this affects energy usage,

Evaluation and reporting of findings.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conservation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy


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This report therefore has outlined all beneficial energy saving opportunities, ranking them in

order of priority to enable you make progressive change.

1.2 Property Information

Description Comment

House type Not detached

Address 14 Marren Street, St Catharines

Status Occupied

Occupants 5

Year built 1972

Numbers of windows 11

Sq. Footage 1250 square feet

Main energy source Gas and Electricity

Air conditioner Yes

Domestic hot water Natural gas

Heating system Furnace

Table 1: Property description

1.3 Property Description

The subject property is a bungalow building, with six bedrooms, two living rooms, one dining

room, a kitchen, a laundry room and two functional washrooms. Major sources of energy are Gas

and electricity. Gas is used for heating of the house, water heating, kitchen stove and drier, while

electricity is used for every other appliance in the house.

The house has been occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Boni for the past seven year. As a result of a

continual increase in their utility bills, Mr. and Mrs. Boni would like to perform an energy audit in

other to improve the energy consumption efficiency of their home. Mr. and Mrs. Boni could not

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provide their utility bills, but gave an estimate of about $305.00 in the winter, $175.00 in

summer and $260.00 in the falls.

2.0 METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted for the execution of this energy audit includes estimating annual

energy consumption based on information provided by the client, surveying consumption loads

such major appliances, and carrying out interviews with the occupants of the property, to

determine their daily behavioral patterns.

2.1 Limitations

The accuracy of the estimations and extrapolations made in this report is based on the

information provided by the client during interviews. Since the client could not provide past

electricity bills, any bias the analysis may be as a result of the information/estimates provided by

the client.

3.0 OVERALL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

The overall energy consumption of the property is calculated based on the following;

Estimated average of bill provided by the client

Current electricity charge as seen in appendix A

And the help

www.ontarioenergyboard.ca/OEB/Consumers/Electricity/Your+Electricity+Utility

Months Energy Average cost per month

Energy use per month

Total energy use per season

Winter (January- April)

Electricity $150 2,329kWh 9,316kWhGas $200 1634m3 6536m3

Summer (May - September

Electricity $80 1,242kWh 6210kWhGas $100 817m3 4085m3

Fall (October – December

Electricity $100 1,553kWh 4,659kWhGas $130 1,062m3 3,186m3

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http://www.ontarioenergyboard.ca/OEB/Consumers/Electricity/Your+Electricity+Utility


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Table 2: Average seasonal consumption of energy

The following graph indicates higher average natural gas consumption all year round over

electricity consumption. This high cost of natural gas consumption, can be attributed to existence

of the old fashioned inefficient furnace and inefficiencies in the water piping systems for the

property (lack of insulation).

Breakdown calculation of total energy consumption per year:

Electricity = 9,316kWh + 6210kWh + 4,659kWh= 20,185kWh

Total cost of electricity per year: $1,299.91

Total Natural Gas consumption per year = 6536m3 + 4085m3 + 3,186m3= 13,807m3

Total cost of Natural gas consumed per year = $1,689.98

Table 3: Total Energy consumption

Category Energy consumed per annum Cost of Energy consumed per annum

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Electricity 20,185kWh $1,299.91

Natural Gas 13,807m3 $1,689.98

Total cost $2,989.89

4.0 ENERGY USE

4.1 Electricity

Appliance Usage/day Energy consumption Total Energy/year

Phone (5) 3hr 3W each On:16.43kwh

Laptop (5) 15hrs 24W each On: 657.4kwh

Hand drier 1hr On: 1875W On: 684.38kwh

Microwave 4hrs On:1196W

Off: 3W

On: 1746.16kwh

Off: 4.38kwh

Toaster 0.5hrs On:1430W

Off: 3W

On:260.98kwh

Off: 0.55kwh

Fridge 24hrs On: 220W

Off: 2W

On: 1927.2kwh

Off: 17.52kwh

Electric kettle 1hr On:1392W On: 508.08kwh

Blender 1hr On: 120W On: 43.8kwh

Deck (player) 1hr On: 10W

Off: 2W

On: 3.65kwh

Off:0.73kwh

Washing machine 8hrs 912kwh

Light bulbs(13) 24hrs 10W each 1138.8kwh

Electric iron 2hrs On:940W

Off: 3W

On:686.2kwh

Off: 2.19kwh

Total 8610.05kwh

Table 4: Annual energy consumption per appliance

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The above shows a graphical representation of the energy consumped per type of equipment/

appliance. As seen above, microwave and fridges usage show relatively high amounts of annual

energy consumed. Changes in behavioral patterns may be targeted at high annual energy

consuming equipements where possible, so as to reduce overal consumption.

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4.2 Water Consumption

Estimated amount of water consumption, based on

Water rate of $1.03 per cubic meter

Average water consumption per person is 9cubic meter per month

Currently there are five occupants in the subject property. Hence, the total amount of water

consumption in a year = 9*5*12

Water consumption = 540m3

Cost of water usage per year = $556.2

4.3 Natural gas

- Water heating

- Gas stove

- Heating of the house

All these account for a total of 13,807m3 of gas in a year (kindly refer to Table 2 and section

3.0 for breakdown of calculation).

5.0 REDUCTION OPPORTUNITIES

The following are a list of reduction opportunities identified in the course of the energy audit.

5.1 Domestic Hot Water System

In Canadian households, domestic water heating is estimated to be the second largest consumer

of energy, accounting for approximately 22 percent of total household energy consumption. Heat

loss from water heating system is mostly by standby heat loss, which refers to heat lost through

tank loss and water pipes. A close look at the water heater revealed no insulation on the tank or

metallic water pipes. Insulation of water pipes is an effective means of energy reduction.

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Insulating five to ten feet of water pipe would raise water temperature by four degrees using the

same thermostat settings. An increase in water temperature resulting from water pipe insulation

would save water heating cost and reduce the amount of water use, because water would arrive

faster at the desired temperature.

Figure 1: Un-insulated water pipe

5.2 Water Consumptions

Water consumption constitutes an important part of your utility bills. Various opportunities

where identified to save energy with regards to water consumption.

A replacement of your current shower head which has a flow rate of 5.5 gallons per

minute to a more efficient low shower head with a flow rate of 2.2 gallons per minute.

According to energy savings, low flow heads reduce the amount of hot water usage

resulting in a saving of about $145 in a year.

Currently the tap head in the washroom does not shut off properly; it is recommended

that it be replaced as it constitutes a source of water loss.

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Flush toilet on the subject property is an old model manufactured in the early 90’s and

uses approximately 13L per flush. A replacement to current low flush toilet which uses

less than 6L per flush is therefore recommended to reduce wastage of water from

inefficient toilet flush systems.

5.3 Windows and Doors

A simple method using candle light and back of the palm was used to check air infiltration

through the windows and doors. It was noted that two windows (in the kitchen and washroom),

and a glass door where not completely sealed and allowed infiltration of air from outside the

property. A change in temperature was also observed on entry into the washroom, indicating the

high level of heat loss in the wash room.

5.4 Gas Furnace

The furnace in your apartment, which is over twenty years old, is not very efficient. The furnace

accounts for a large portion of energy consumption. Thus, a high percentage of energy saving can

be achieved by replacing the existing furnace with a new more efficient one.

5.5 Walls and Floors

An opening from a broken piece of roof of the basement (floor of the first floor) shows little or no

insulation in the roof of the basement. This indicates that lots of heat channelled to the rooms is

lost to the basement via a poorly insulated floor. It was also observed that the basement walls of

the property are not insulated; regularizing these observed insulation issues, presents an

opportunity for reduction in energy consumption.

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Figure 2: Poorly insulated basement

5.6 Behavioral Reductions

It was observed that various appliances were plugged while not in use and that most times the

heater is left on while no one is present in the house. Changes in these behavioural habits can

significantly contribute to reductions in energy consumption.

6.0 RECCOMENDATIONS

Source of energy loss

Condition Recommendations Estimates

Item Priority Cost Energy Saving

Walls and floors(roof)

Some areas appear to have no insulation

Fill wall cavity with blow in cellulose

Cellulose insulation.

Medium $2.25 - $4.50sq

$50-$100/ year

Shower head

High flow rate

Install low flow shower head

Shower head High $20 $145

Flush toilet High rate per flush

Install low flush toilets

Low flush toilet Low $100- $250

$100/ year

Hot water system

No insulation on water

Insulate 5- 10ft of water pipe

Fiberglass(R value of 3-4.5 per inch)

High 7 cents per inch

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pipesBehaviourial patterns

Leaving heaters, lights and other appliances on

-Installation of Sensors- connect appliances to an extension, so they can all be disconnected while not in use

-Motion sensor switch- Programmable thermostat

$20

-$92

About 10% energy/ year

$125

Furnace Old and inefficient

Replace old furnace with a new one

Furnace Low $5,000 35% energy/ year

7.0 SUMMARY

The energy audit, completed within the defined scope of the project, identifies the need for

changes which would result in energy and cost savings. The report clearly states all the energy

reduction opportunities and its’ associated cost (highlighted in the recommendation). We have

also prioritized these changes, taking into account the cost and savings of each, providing you an

easy means of making progressive change.

Various grants are available for energy retrofit homes. Also, some rebates are available for

different energy efficient products. For more information on all available grants please contact

Ontario home energy service.

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8.0 REFERENCES

http://www.ontario-hydro.com/ : accessed 23/02/2012

http://www.ontario-hydro.com/index.php?page=current_rates : accessed 23/02/2012

http://www.ontarioenergyboard.ca/OEB/Consumers/Electricity/Your+Electricity+Utility : accessed

23/02/2012

http://www.ontario-hydro.com/ : accessed 23/02/2012

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_audit : accessed 23/02/2012

http://www.energy.gov.on.ca/en/home-energy-audit/ : accessed 23/02/2012

http://www.energy.gov.on.ca/en/saving-energy-for-home/ : accessed 23/02/2012

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http://www.energy.gov.on.ca/en/saving-energy-for-home/

http://www.energy.gov.on.ca/en/home-energy-audit/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_audit

http://www.ontario-hydro.com/

http://www.ontarioenergyboard.ca/OEB/Consumers/Electricity/Your+Electricity+Utility

http://www.ontario-hydro.com/index.php?page=current_rates

http://www.ontario-hydro.com/


KMB Consulting Ltd.

9.0 Appendix A

Off-peak, mid-peak and on-peak for energy consumption

Fro

mTo

Summ

er Rate

Winte

r RateComparison of Time-of-Use Rates

7:00 AM

8:00 AM

mid-peak rate

9.2 cents/kWh

on-peak rate

10.8 cents/kWh

8:00 AM

9:00 AM

9:00 AM

10:00 AM

10:00 AM

11:00 AM

11:00 AM

12:00 PM

on-peak rate

10.8

mid-peak rate

9.2 12: 1:0

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00 PM 0 PM

cents/kWh cents/kWh

1:00 PM

2:00 PM

2:00 PM

3:00 PM

3:00 PM

4:00 PM

4:00 PM

5:00 PM

5:00 PM

6:00 PM

mid-peak rate

9.2 cents/kWh

on-peak rate

10.8 cents/kWh

Note

Off peak rates are charged on weekends and holidays. The rates shown to the left apply Monday to Friday.

6:00 PM

7:00 PM

7:00 PM

8:00 PM

off-peak rate

6.2 cents/kWh

off-peak rate

6.2 cents/kWh

8:00 PM

9:00 PM

9:00 PM

10:00 PM

10:00 PM

11:00 PM

Based on a small sample of 27 households, we calculate that, on average, time-of-use consumption typically breaks down as follows:

11:00 PM

Midnight

Midnight

1:00 AM

1:00 AM

2:00 AM

Off-peak: 55.2%Mid-peak: 17.2%On-peak: 27.2%

2:00 AM

3:00 AM

3:0 4:0

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0 AM 0 AM

4:00 AM

5:00 AM

This results in a blended rate of7.74 cents/kWh.5:0

0 AM6:0

0 AM

6:00 AM

7:00 AM

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