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Energy Audit Report

Power Distribution Network of Electricity department, Daman & Diu

Audited by : Cospower Engineering Pvt. Ltd, ( August 2014 - October 2014)

Electricity Department, Daman & Diu

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are thankful to Mr. M. R. Ingale, Executive Engineer for giving us this opportunity to contribute in their

endeavor of energy efficient management of Distribution network in the jurisdiction of Electricity Department, Diu

& Daman. We are also thankful to Mr. Sarjit Sing, Assistant Engineer for his constant support and the co operation

extended to us during the energy audit exercise. We also wish to place on record our sincere thanks for the co-

operation extended by Mr. Solanki & Mr. Mehul Tandel & technical staff in substations in completing the

assignment.


Index

Sr.no, Description

Page

No.

1 Executive Summery 5

2 Introduction 14

3 Energy Audit : Objectives & Methodology 16

4 Identification of Energy streams 19

5 Transmission & Distribution System 24

6 Energy Accounting 27

Daman distribution system

a Magarwada 220 Kv 29

b Magarwada 66 Kv 32

c Ringanwada 66 Kv 35

d Varkund 66 Kv 37

e Dalwada 66 Kv 39

f Bhimapore 41

G Kachigam 66 Kv 43

h Dabhel 66 Kv 51

7 Energy Balance, Daman distribution system 53

8 Energy Balance Diu & Daman distribution system 54

9 Loss Analysis

10 Transmission losses 56

a Sub transmission losses 57

b 11 Kv Bus losses 64

c Conclusion 69

11 Recommended Action Report 70

12 Annexure I- Statements of month wise Energy Purchased 77

13 Annexure II- Statements of month wise Energy Received/ Dispatched 78

14 Annexure III- Statements of month wise Sale 79


Executive Summery

1. Electricity Department of the Administration of Union Territory of Daman & Diu has been

entrusted the responsibility of procurement, transmission & distribution in the Union territory of

Daman & Diu.

2. The Electricity Department of Daman & Diu (EDDD) does not have any generating station. It

has been allocated share of power generated by central generating stations in western & eastern

region. The % allocation in power generated by central generating stations is decided time to

time by Central Electricity Authority.

4. The power in jurisdiction of EDDD is received from 220/66KV Vapi Substation through

Vapi-Dabhel 66KV Double circuit line of GETCO and through 220KV Ambetti-Magarwada

Double circuit line of power Grid corporation Ltd. in Daman region. In Diu region, the power is

received through 66KV double circuit line emanating from 220 /66 Kv Kansari S/S of GETCO at

Una Substation.

3. At present, the EDDD has only one substation for 220 Kv/ 66 Kv transformations & 7 nos. of

substations for 66 Kv/ 11 Kv transformations in Daman territory & 1 no of substation for 66

Kv/11 Kv transformations in Diu territory. A new S/s Bhimapore has been commissioned in the

year 2012-13 to meet upcoming load development & give load relief to the network of Dalwada

S/s.

4. The electric supply to consumers in Diu & Daman territory is distributed at 66 Kv, 11 Kv&

430 Volts level. The EDDD has 491 nos. of transformer centers to step down the electric supply

from 11 Kv to 430 Volts for downstream LT consumers.

5. The EDDD has 798 nos. of HT Consumers whose consumption during audit period i.e. April-

13 to March-14 was 1638.23 MU out of total sale of 1950.76 MU. The remaining consumption

of 312.53 MU was consumed by 55030 nos. of LT Consumers. Thus HT/LT consumption ratio

in case of EDDD is 5.24 : 1. Such high HT/LT ratio enables M/s EDDD to keep the distribution

losses in check.


6. In EDDD also enjoys the privilege of having the load factor more than 0.8 to exploit their

distribution assets at optimum capacity.

7. The total allocation of energy from the central generating stations for EDDD during the

period 1st April 2013 to 31

st March 2014 was 1932.65 MU. Due to power purchase arrangement

of one of the consumers thru open access arrangement, energy to the tune of 206.97 MU was

injected by Energy exchange. Thus total injection including the allocation from CGS in the grid

was 2139. 62 MU. However due to shortage of sufficient instantaneous allocation, 85.11 MU

were purchased through UI settlement. Thus the gross purchased energy during the period 1st

April 2013 to 31stMarch 2014 was 2224.73 MU.

Period 1-4-13 to 31-03-14 Units

Allocation From CGS = 1932.65

Injection thru O/A = 206.97

Total Injection = 2139.62

Purchases thru' UI settlement = 85.11

Gross Purchased/Injected energy = 2224.73

The % share of various sources of purchases is brought out in the chart below:

8. Out of purchased energy of 2224.73 MU, the actual energy available at the transmission

periphery was 2160.16 MU leaving behind the pooled losses of 64.57 MU. Out of this

available energy, the actual drawl was only 2143.9 MU leaving behind the surplus of 16.26

MU for sale through UI settlement at transmission periphery. Out of actual drawl of 2143.9

87%

9% 4%

Share of Purchased Energy

Allocation From CGS

Injection thru O/A

Purchases thru' UI settlement


MU, the actual energy received at state periphery was 2135.91 MU. The energy of 7.99 MU was

lost in transmission to receiving stations in state periphery.

Gross Purchased/Injected Energy = 2224.73

Pooled Losses = 64.57

Available @Transmission periphery = 2160.16

Sale thru' UI = 16.261

Actual drawl @ Transmission periphery = 2143.9

Transmission losses = 7.99

Actual Energy @ State periphery = 2135.91

The energy balance of total purchased energy is as below:

9. Out of 2135.91 MU energy received at the state periphery, the sale of 1950.76 MU was

registered in the jurisdiction of EDDD, during the period 1st April 2013 to 31

st March 2014.The

sale of 196.39 was pertaining to sale thru wheeling whereas remaining sales of 1754.37 MU was

in respect of retail consumers. Thus the total T & D losses including wheeling losses in the

jurisdiction of EDDD during the period 1st April 2013 to 31

st March 2014 are 185.1 MU which

amounted to 8.32% of the gross energy purchased & 8.67 % of energy received at state

periphery.

3% 1%

0%

96%

Balancing of Gross purchased/ Injected Energy

Pooled Losses

Sale thru' UI

Transmission losses

Actual Energy @ State periphery


The energy balance in respect of energy received at state periphery is established in the chart

below:

10. Summarizing, the Energy balance of gross purchased/ injected energy in year 2013-14 is

shown in the table below:

Period 1-4-13 to 31-03-14 MU %

Gross Purchased / Injected Energy = 2224.73

Total Sales = 1967.02 88.42

Sale thru UI = 16.26 0.73

Sale thru wheeling = 196.39 8.83

Sale to retail consumers = 1754.37 78.86

Total Losses = 257.71 11.58

Pooled losses = 64.57 2.9

Transmission losses (up to State Periphery) = 7.99 0.36

T& D losses in Diu & Daman = 185.15 8.32

Total sale including sale thru’ UI arrangement, is 1967.02 MU which forms 88.42 % gross

energy purchased. Thus total losses incurred are 257.7 MU (11.58 %) which includes pooled

losses of 64.57 MU (2.9 %). The total loss excluding pooled losses are thus 193.14 MU (8.68%)

which comprises of transmission losses of 7.99 MU (0.36 %) incurred during transmission from

TD interface to receiving stations in state periphery and T& D losses incurred in licensed area of

EDDD of 185.15 MU amounting 8.32 % of gross purchased energy.

9%

82%

9%

Balancing of Energy received at the state periphery

Sale thru wheeling

Sale to retail consumers

T& D losses in Diu & Daman


11. The total energy balance in both Diu & Daman region is given in the table below:

Period 1-4-13 to 31-03-14 MU %

Actual

Drawl

Gross

Purchases

Actual drawl @ Transmission periphery = 2143.9

Transmission Loss = 7.99 0.37 0.36

Actual Energy @ State periphery = 2135.91 99.63 96.01

Total losses up to 11 Kv bus = 77.48 3.61 3.48

Total losses in down stream network = 107.67 5.02 4.84

Total Losses = 185.15 8.64 8.32

Sales = 1950.76 90.99 87.69

From above table it can be seen that T & D losses in the network of EDDD are 8.68% of total

energy drawn at grid periphery and 8.32% of gross purchased energy. The A T & C losses in the

network of Daman & Diu including transmission losses of 7.99 MU are 9.01 % of drawl of

Energy at grid. Transmission losses up to receiving stations in state are 7.99 MU & are 0.37 %

of Energy Drawl. The losses in distribution network of Electricity department of Diu & Daman

up to 11 Kv bus in substation are 3.61 % of Energy Drawl at grid & that in downstream

network from 11 Kv bus are 5.03 % of of Energy Drawl.

1%

9%

79%

3% 0% 8%

Balancing of Gross purchased/ Injected Energy

Sale thru UI

Sale thru wheeling

Sale to retail consumers

Pooled losses

Transmission losses (up to State Periphery)

T& D losses in Diu & Daman


12. The composition of various losses in the jurisdiction of Electricity department of Daman & Diu are

detailed in the table below:

Period 1.04.2013 to 31.3.2014 MU %

Gross Purchase/ Injection = 2224.73


Sale through UI = 16.26 0.73

Energy at Transmission periphery = 2143.9 96.37

Sale to retail consumers = 1950.76 87.69

Total Sale = 1967.02 88.42

Total Losses = 257.71 11.58


Transmission losses = 7.99 0.36

T & D Losses In licensed area of EDDD = 185.15 8.32

220 / 66 Kv transformation losses in Daman = 9.3 0.42

66 Kv sub transmission losses in Daman = 14.36 0.65

66/11 Kv transformation losses in Daman = 13.23 0.59

11 Kv Bus losses In Daman = 40.57 1.82

Distribution losses in Daman & Diu = 107.69 4.84

13. The chart showing share each category of losses occurring in distribution network of Daman

& Diu is presented below:

The above chart brings out that the distribution losses in downstream network of 66/11 Kv

substations in Daman & Diu region are 58 % of total losses. In order to cause reduction in these

losses it is necessary to segregate of distribution losses as commercial & technical. The work of

5% 8% 7%

22% 58%

Composition of T & D Losses

220 / 66 Kv transformation losses in

Daman

66 Kv sub transmission losses in Daman

66/11 Kv transformation losses in Daman

11 Kv Bus losses In Daman

Distribution losses in Daman & Diu


segregation of distribution losses will be taken up after completion of the work of installation of

DT meters & consumer indexing. EDDD has already taken up the work of consumer indexing

and in final stages of completion. EDDD also has decided to take up the work of DT metering.

14. The total losses up to 11 Kv bus of substations in Daman territory are 77.46 MU(3.61%)

which are purely technical. The total transmission, 220/66 Kv transformation, bus & sub

transmission losses up to 66 Kv level are 31.65 MU ( 1.48 %). The 66/11 Kv transformation &

11 kv bus losses in 66/11 kv substations are 53.8 MU ( 2.51%).

The substation wise share of losses in substations up to 11 Kv bus ( 53.8MU) in substation is

given in the chart below:

The above chart clearly indicates that the combined losses in Varkund & Kachigam substations

comprises of about 66 % of total 11 Kv technical loss.

15. The substation wise energy balance of energy received at each substation in Daman region is

given below:

5% 3%

32%

17%

2%

34%

7%

Substation wise 11 Kv losses

Magarwada

Ringanwada

Varkund

Dalwada

Bhimpore

Kachhigam

Dabhel

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

Magarwada Ringanwada Varkund Dalwada Bhimpore Kachhigam Dabhel

Substation wise Energy balance X'mation losses

11 Kv Bus

losses

Export


The above chart clearly brings out the major sources of losses. The Varkund S/S & Kachigam

S/S with about 15% & 4 % losses are main sources of Technical loss.

16. The annual saving potential to tune of about 17.09 MU (0.77 %) has been identified in these

technical losses of 3.83 % which is summarized in the table below:

Sr.

No. Saving Potential MU % Savings

Gross

Purchase

Energy Drawl at

T<>D interface

1 Reconductoring of Transmission line

Magarwada-Kachigam I 2.03

Kachigam-Dabhel 0.33

Magarwada -Ringanwada Line 1.04

Ringanwada-Varkund Line 0.4

Varkund-Dalwada line 3.26

Dalwada -Bhimpore 1.16

2 Conversion of single circuit to double circuit*


Magarwada Ringanwada Line 2.04

Magarwada Varkund Line 0.83

Ringanwada Varkund Line 0.58


3 Improvement of power factor

Reduction in transmission losses 0.78

Reduction in sub transmission losses 1.39

Reduction in transformation losses 1.03

Reduction of bus resistance 5.67

4 improvement in bus resistance

Total *17.09 0.77 0.8

* with reconductoring


17. Though the saving potential of about 17.03 Mu (0.77 %) has been identified in preliminary

energy audit, the feasibility & cost benefit analysis will have to be worked out after detailed

study taking into considerations, various constraints for implementation.

18. It has been decided to take the up second phase of Detail Energy Audit covering downstream

network of all substations after completion of work of provision of meters for distribution

transformers & consumer indexing. The main objective of second phase would be to segregate

the distribution losses in technical & commercial parts, to identify the feeders / DT with

maximum technical losses, & to identify HT consumers, DT with max. Commercial losses &

suggest the corrective measures with complete proposal with cost benefit analysis


2.0 Introduction

Electricity Department of the Administration of Union Territory of Daman & Diu has been entrusted the

responsibility of procurement, transmission & distribution in the Union territory Daman & Diu. The

Electricity Department of Daman & Diu does not have any power generation capacity. However it has

been allocated certain share of power generated by central Generating stations based on the allocation by

Ministry of Power, Government of India.

The Central Government constituted a Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission for all Union Territories

except Delhi to be known as “Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission for Union Territories” as notified

on 2nd May 2005. Later with the joining of the state of Goa, the Commission came to be known as “Joint

Electricity Regulatory Commission for the state of Goa and Union Territories” as notified on 30th May

2008.

Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission for Union Territories (JERC) is an autonomous authority

responsible for regulation of the power sector in the state of Goa and Union Territories of Andaman &

Nicobar, Lakshadweep, Chandigarh, Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Puducherry. The main

responsibility of JERC is to formulate various regulations relating to generation, transmission,

distribution, trading and use of electricity so as to take the measures conducive to development of

electricity industry, to protect interest of consumers and supply of electricity to all areas, to rationalize the

electricity tariffs of generating companies, transmission & distribution utilities in their jurisdiction.

In accordance with the regulations ‘Conduct of Business Regulations of JERC ’ issued by the JERC the

DDED, being deemed power distribution utility in Union territory of Diu & Daman has to file Tariff

Application every year with the Commission, which includes statements containing calculation of the

expected aggregate revenue from charges under its currently approved tariff and the expected cost of

providing services i.e. Aggregate Revenue Requirement (ARR) during the Previous Year, Current Year

and Ensuing Year & tariff proposals so as to fully cover the gap between the expected aggregate revenue

at the prevalent tariff and the expected cost of services including schemes for reduction in loss levels and

other efficiency gains to be achieved.

Accordingly Electricity Department, DD had filed its petition for determination of Aggregate Revenue

Requirement (ARR) & Retail Tariff for distribution and retail sale of electricity for FY 2014-15 under

section 61, 62 & 64 of the Electricity Act, 2003. ED-DD submitted its ARR and Tariff petition for FY

2014-15 before the Commission on November 1’ 2013. according to the Conduct of Business Regulations


of JERC. After carrying out the due process of technical validation & arranging hearing the objections of

various stake holders, JERC has issued a order on 1st May, 2014 wherein certain directives were issued to

EDDD in relation with carrying out energy audit which are reproduced as below:

The licensee shall conduct regular energy audit to substantiate its estimation of T&D

losses. The licensee shall also furnish six monthly energy audit reports to the

Commission.

The energy audit report for the first six months of the year shall be provided by

November end of the same year. Similarly energy audit report for the last six months

of the year shall be provided by May end of the next year.

In the absence of energy audit, the Commission may not accept the claim of the

licensee and may proceed to fix the loss levels on the basis of any other information

available and its own judgment.

In response to the directives of the JERC, EDDD has decided to get the preliminary energy audit done of

the distribution network in Diu & Daman to quantify the losses up to 11 Kv feeders in 66 /11 Kv

substation & to identify the saving potential out of these losses.


3. Energy Audit

Energy Audit is the key to systematic approach to for decision making in the area of energy management.

It is an effective tool to balance the total energy inputs with its outflows in various energy streams.

The energy audit of distribution exercise involves the energy accounting followed by the analysis of

energy flow data for determination of losses at various steps in transmission & distribution. In the power

distribution system, some % of energy is lost invariably during the process of distribution. The

profitability of distribution depends on the minimizing of these losses. Since the ultimate burden of these

losses has to be borne by the honest consumers in terms of higher tariff rates, the reduction in losses

would also be beneficial in the interests of the consumers. Hence in the present era of competition the

distributor having minimum losses has an edge over the competitors due to better profitability &

economical rates.

The distribution losses comprises of technical losses & commercial losses. The technical losses are

inherent features of the distribution business & are losses in various components of power distribution

system up to the point of supply viz; No load & load losses in transformers, losses in conductors of

overhead lines or underground cables, switchgears, fuses , meters, dielectric losses in capacitors, cables

etc. These losses can not be totally eliminated but can be reduced by devising proper technical

specification while procuring transformers, Switchgears, cables, overhead conductors, capacitors, meters

etc, devising & adopting strict testing plans while accepting the material, correct installation & regular

maintenance.

The commercial losses comprises of incorrect billing, errors in meter reading, defective/ stopped meters,

pilferage on account of unmetered unauthorized supply( direct), tampered meters. These losses can be

eliminated by proper & continuous vigil.

The objective of the energy audit exercise is to identify the sources of technical & commercial losses,

quantification of losses, suggest the corrective measures for minimising technical losses, to work out the

cost benefit analysis of corrective measures as suggested for computing the payback period of the

investment involved.


Methodology

The exercise of energy audit aims to balance the total energy inputs with its outflows in various energy

streams. To achieve this, one has to have energy meters at all incoming & outgoing energy streams i.e

220 KV / 66 KV / 11 KV feeders, 66KV/ 11 KV & 11KV/415 Volts Transformers, & all consumers.

Power distribution system is a dynamic system wherein the energy parameters are changing at every

moment. Hence , in addition to installation of meters at all input & output nodes, the other requirement of

establishing energy balance is to get simultaneous ( Coherent )readings of all these meters in particular

period i.e.at beginning of the period & at the end of the period. This function is better served if the

SCADA system is installed to acquire the meter reading data continuously at regular interval or historical

data in memory of electronic meters is down loaded using meter reading instrument.

Owing to dynamism of the distribution system, simultaneous meter readings of all meter on incoming and

outgoing nodes is the primary requisite for energy audit exercise. However it is difficult to meet this

condition when computing the energy flow for individual consumers who are spread over entire territory

of sq. Km & are provided with conventional meters. Hence it is necessary to carry out this exercise in

lowest denomination of the distribution system i.e. Distribution transformer wise & integrate it with

supplying feeder.

In order to accomplish this, it is necessary to install meter for each distribution transformer & tag the

consumers with its feeding transformer & supply feeder. With such exercise of consumer indexing &

provision of meters for all distribution transformers, the DTC wise & feeder wise energy audit can be

carried out.

In substations of EDDD, the energy monitoring system has been installed. However due to some localized

hardware/ software problems & unavailability of internet connection the system was not fully operational.

After fully functional status, various reports such as daily import, export energy reports, loss computation,

and maximum-minimum power parameters can be generated.

At present, the meters are provided up to the 11 Kv feeders in 66/11 Kv substations. The distribution

transformers in downstream network of 11 Kv feeders in substations are being provided with the meters.

Moreover the work of tagging the consumer with its feeding distribution transformer & 11 Kv feeders is

also in progress. Hence it has been decided to carry out the energy audit till 11 Kv feeders in first phase of

energy audit for computation of technical losses being incurred till 11 Kv bus in the 66/11 Kv substations

& to take up the second phase of DT wise & feeder wise audit in second phase after completion of work

of DT metering & consumer indexing.


Source Of data

In order to establish the energy balance it is necessary to collect the data of month wise purchase of total

units vis-a-vis month wise data of total sale of units. The energy account maintained by Western region

power grid is the main source to compute the purchased energy. The energy purchased is computed as per

the energy account maintained by western region power grid.

The units as billed as per the energy recorded by meters installed for end consumers of M/S EDDD every

month as per their revenue statement is the source of data of sold energy.

The intermediate balance is established by the energy flow in the particular period i.e.1st April 13 to 31

st

March 14 as derived from coherent readings of meters installed at key locations in substations,

pertaining to that period as recorded in the log books maintained at each substation.

The data so collected is analysed for computation of losses at various steps in the distribution systems.

The corrective action measures for reduction of losses are also included in the report.


4. Energy Streams

Import:

Electricity Department of the Administration of Union Territory of Daman & Diu is part of Western

region power grid. It does not have set up any generating station but has been allocated the share of power

generated by Central power generating stations in western & eastern region. Since the allocation is based

on energy generated & delivered by respective power plant, the scheduled allocation at periphery is less

owing to losses during its transmission from generating Stations. Moreover the actual drawl at periphery

also differs from scheduled allocation depending on then instantaneous requirement.

The month wise energy allocation along with purchases thru’ UI arrangement corresponding to energy

available at transmission periphery considering respective pooled losses as per regional energy account of

WRPC (Western Region power committee) is given in the table below.

13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total

Allocation of C/ Gen 167.02 183.60 174.11 171.00 159.75 169.36 167.31 144.34 163.71 153.99 130.38 148.08 1932.65

Injection thru O/A 2.24 7.74 13.29 21.19 22.82 21.57 29.22 30.13 27.89 30.90 206.97

Total Injection 167.02 183.60 176.35 178.74 173.03 190.55 190.12 165.91 192.93 184.12 158.27 178.98 2139.62

Pooled Losses 6.39 7.02 6.56 -1.03 5.54 5.21 3.58 5.28 6.70 6.29 4.92 5.31 61.76

Scheduled at periphery 160.63 176.59 169.80 179.77 167.49 185.34 186.54 160.63 186.23 177.83 153.35 173.67 2077.86

UI purchase 23.81 1.54 7.36 6.28 20.40 0.55 11.01 11.34 82.29

Pooled losses 0.91 0.06 0.27 0.22 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.34 0.34 2.82

Total UI Purchases 24.72 1.60 7.63 6.50 21.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.57 11.35 11.68 85.11

Total Purchases 191.74 185.20 183.98 185.24 194.08 190.55 190.12 165.91 192.93 184.69 169.62 190.66 2224.73

The total allocation of energy from the central generating stations for EDDD during the period 1st April

2013 to 31stMarch 2014 was 1932.65 MU. Due to power purchase arrangement of one of the consumers

thru open access arrangement, energy to the tune of 206.97 MU was injected by Energy exchange. Thus

total injection including the allocation from CGS in the grid was 2139. 62 MU. However due to shortage

of sufficient instantaneous allocation, 85.11 MU were purchased through UI settlement. Thus the gross

purchased energy during the period 1st April 2013 to 31stMarch 2014 was 2224.73 MU.


Period 1-4-13 to 31-03-14 Units

Allocation From CGS = 1932.65

Injection thru O/A = 206.97

Total Injection = 2139.62

Purchases thru' UI settlement = 85.11

Gross Purchased energy = 2224.73

The % share of various sources of purchases is brought out in the chart below:

The month wise Energy availability & drawl at Transmission periphery after adjusting for pooled losses

& UI sales is furnished in the table below:

Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Total

Total Purchases/inj. 191.74 185.2 183.98 185.24 194.08 190.55 190.12 165.91 192.93 184.69 169.62 190.66 2224.73

Total pooled losses 7.3 7.08 6.83 -0.81 6.19 5.21 3.58 5.28 6.7 6.31 5.26 5.64 64.57

Energy available at x'mission periphery

184.44 178.12 177.15 186.05 187.89 185.34 186.54 160.63 186.23 178.38 164.36 185.02 2160.16

UI sale -1.52 -3.63 -1.71 -9.39 -16.26

Drawl at periphery 184.45 178.12 177.15 186.05 187.89 183.81 182.91 158.91 176.83 178.38 164.37 185.01 2143. 9

Out of purchased energy of 2224.73 MU, the actual energy available at the transmission periphery

was 2160.16 MU leaving behind the pooled losses of 64.57 MU. Out of this available energy, the actual

drawl was only 2143.9 MU leaving behind the surplus of 16.26 MU for sale through UI settlement at

transmission periphery. Out of actual drawl of 2143.9 MU, the actual energy received at state periphery

was 2135.91 MU. The energy of 7.99 MU was lost in transmission to receiving stations in state periphery.

87%

9% 4%

Share of Purchased Energy

Allocation From CGS Injection thru O/A Purchases thru' UI settlement


Gross Purchased Energy = 2224.73

Pooled Losses = 64.57

Available @Transmission periphery = 2160.16

Sale thru' UI = 16.261

Actual drawl @ Transmission

periphery = 2143.9

Transmission losses = 7.99

Actual Energy @ State periphery = 2135.91

The energy balance of total purchased energy is as below:

Sale of units:

The consumption used in particular month is billed in subsequent months depending on billing cycle.

Hence the billed units in particular month are considered as units sale of previous month. The month wise

sale of energy along with sale through wheeling during the period April 2013 to March 2014 is as below:


Sale in MU 170.5 160.86 167.79 165.5 160.26 149.25 134.99 127.52 129.69 128.27 131.35 128.38 1754.37

Sale thru Exgh 2.11 7.31 12.586 20.167 21.909 20.435 27.608 28.476 26.448 29.341 196.393

Total Sale 170.5 160.86 169.91 172.81 172.85 169.42 156.9 147.96 157.3 156.75 157.8 157.72 1950.76

Out of actual drawl of 2143.9 MU at T<>D interface, the actual energy received at state

periphery was 2135.91 MU. The energy of 7.99 MU was lost in transmission to receiving

3% 1% 0%

96%

Balancing of Gross purchased Energy

Pooled Losses Sale thru' UI Transmission losses Actual Energy @ State periphery


stations in state periphery., The sale of 1950.76 MU was registered in the jurisdiction of EDDD,

out of 2135.91 MU energy received at the state periphery during the period 1st April 2013 to 31

st

March 2014. The sale of 196.39 was pertaining to sale thru wheeling whereas remaining sales of

1754.37 MU was in respect of retail consumers. Thus the total losses in the jurisdiction of

EDDD during the period 1st April 2013 to 31

st March 2014 are 185.14 MU. Total T & D losses

including transmission losses of 7.99 MU are 193.13 MU which amounted to 8.32% of the gross

energy purchased & 8.67 % of energy received at state periphery.

Period 1.04.13 to 31.03.14 MU % %

Gross purchased Drawl at Periphery

Energy drawl at periphery = 2143.9 96.37

Transmission loss = 7.99 0.359 0.37

Energy Received at state periphery = 2135.91 96.01 99.63

Sale to retail consumers = 1754.37 78.86 81.83

Sale thru' wheeling = 196.39 8.828 9.16

Total T & D losses = 193.14 8.682 9.01

Transmission losses = 7.99 0.359 0.37

T & D Losses In licensed area of EDDD = 185.15 8.322 8.64

82%

9%

0% 9%

Energy Balance a T<>D Interface

Sale to retail consumers Sale thru' wheeling

Transmission losses T & D Losses In licensed area of EDDD


Energy Balance:

The energy balance in respect of Gross energy Purchased is established in the table below:

Period 1.04.2013 to 31.3.2014 MU

% Of gross

purchase

% of Drawl at

T<>D interface

1 Gross Purchased/Injected Energy = 2224.73

2 Pooled Losses = 64.57 2.90

3 Available @Transmission periphery = 2160.16 97.10

4 Sale thru' UI = 16.261 0.73

5 Actual drawl @ Transmission periphery = 2143.9 96.37 100

6 Total sales = 1950.76 87.69 90.99

7 Sale to retail consumers = 1754.37 78.86 81.83

8 Sale thru' wheeling = 196.39 8.83 9.16

9 Total T & D losses = 193.14 8.68 9.01

10 Transmission losses = 7.99 0.36 0.37

11 T & D Losses In licensed area of EDDD = 185.15 8.32 8.64

Pie chart showing the energy balance of total purchased energy till its receipt at state periphery is as

below:

From above table it can be seen that total T&D losses incurred in licensed area of M/s EDDD along with

losses in transmission of power from T<>D interface during the period between 1.04.12 To 31.03.13 were

193.14 MU which amounted to 8.68 % of gross energy purchased & 9.01% of Energy drawl at T<>D

interface.

3% 1%

79%

9%

0% 8%

Gross Purchased / Injected Energy Balalance Pooled Losses Sale thru' UI Sale to retail consumers

Sale thru' wheeling Transmission losses T & D Losses In area of EDDD


5. The Transmission & Distribution System

The Electricity Department of Daman & Diu receives power from 220/66KV Vapi Substation through

66KV Double circuit line and through 220KV Ambetti-Magarwada Double circuit line of power Grid

corporation Ltd. in Daman territory. In Diu region, the power is received through 66KV double circuit

line emanating from 220 /66 KV. Kansari S/S of GETCO at Una Substation. The Ambetti 220 Kv S/S of

PGCIL & Vapi and Kansari 220 /66 Kv S/S of GETCO are located in Gujarath State & power is required

to be transmitted over a distance of 20 Kms in case of Ambetti (Gujarath ) to Magarwada (Daman) &

Kansari ( Gujarath ) to Diu (Diu) & over 6 Kms in case of Vapi (Gujarath ) To Dabhel (Daman).

The month wise statement of energy received at import nodes in jurisdiction of EDDD vis-a-vis net

energy available at periphery is as below:


Drawl at

periphery 184.44 178.13 177.15 186.05 187.89 183.81 182.91 158.91 176.83 178.38 164.37 185.01 2143.90

Input at state RSS

Magarwada 118.46 118.84 118.26 123.58 122.58 118.79 120.94 103.05 122.43 139.29 126.97 143.45 1476.65

Dabhel 61.01 54.18 54.79 58.77 60.40 59.94 56.82 51.26 50.21 34.67 32.95 36.08 611.09

Diu 4.17 4.24 3.90 3.47 4.48 4.78 4.84 4.36 3.78 3.27 3.05 3.84 48.17

Total import 183.64 177.26 176.95 185.82 187.46 183.51 182.60 158.67 176.42 177.24 162.97 183.37 2135.91

Trans. Loss 0.81 0.87 0.20 0.23 0.43 0.30 0.31 0.24 0.41 1.14 1.40 1.64 7.99

From above it can be seen that EDDD suffered transmission losses of 7.99 MU in period 1st April 2013 to

31st March 2014, amounting to 0.37% during transmission of power from transmission stations in Gujarat

to their substations in Daman & Diu.

The 220 Kv power supply received through the line between Ambetti and Magarwada 220 Kv Sub-

Station of EDDD , is stepped down to 66 Kv voltage level with the help of 1 no. of 100 MVA 220 Kv/ 66

Kv transformer and 3 Nos. Of 50 MVA, 220 Kv/ 66 Kv transformers from where it is distributed to 66/11

Kv Sub Stations via 66 Kv sub transmission lines network.

The power supply in Daman region is also received at 66 Kv level through the lines between Vapi S/S of

GETCO, and Dabhel S/S of EDDD which is stepped down with the help of 6 nos. of 66/11 Kv

transformers for downstream distribution. In the current year, part power to Dabhel S/s has been supplied

through Magarwada stream through 66 Kv Kachigam Dabhel line since December 2013.

The power supply in Diu region is received at 66 Kv level through the lines between Kansari S/S of

GETCO, and Diu S/S of EDDD which is stepped down using 3 nos. of 66/11 Kv transformers for


downstream distribution. As stated earlier, though there are three distinct energy streams originating from

Magarwada 220 Kv, Dabhel 66 Kv S/s in Daman region & Una 66 Kv s/s in Diu region, the stream wise

Or substation wise sales data is not available.

Hence the month wise data of import & sales in entire territory of Daman & Diu are tabulated below:

Daman & Diu Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Total

Import 183.64 177.26 176.95 185.82 187.46 183.51 182.6 158.67 176.42 177.24 162.97 183.37 2135.91

Sale in MU 170.5 160.86 167.79 165.5 160.26 149.25 134.99 127.52 129.69 128.27 131.35 128.38 1754.37

Sale thru Wheeling 2.11 7.31 12.586 20.167 21.909 20.435 27.608 28.476 26.448 29.341 196.393

Total Sale 170.5 160.86 169.91 172.81 172.85 169.42 156.9 147.96 157.3 156.75 157.8 157.72 1950.76

T & D losses in

DD 13.14 16.4 7.04 13.01 14.61 14.09 25.7 10.71 19.12 20.49 5.17 25.65 185.15

Single line diagram showing drawl to sales in Jurisdiction of EDDD is as below:

2143.9 MU

X’mission Periphery

7.99 MU

1476.65 MU

Magarwada 220 Kv(State Periphery)

48.17 MU 611.09 MU 75.08 MU

Diu 66 Kv Dabhel Magarwada N/W 66 Kv

(State Periphery (State Periphery

Diu & Daman Sales 1950.76 MU


The table & chart showing energy balance of energy received at state periphery by EDDD is as below:

Period 1.04.2013 to 31.3.2014 MU % Of gross purchase % Energy at state periphery

Energy Received at state periphery = 2135.91 96.01 100

Sale to retail consumers = 1754.37 78.86 82.14

Sale thru' wheeling = 196.39 8.83 9.19

Total T & D losses = 185.15 8.32 8.67

The energy Balance at State periphery is as below:

From above, it can be seen that the T & D losses in Daman & Diu territory are 8.32 % of gross energy

purchased & 8.67 % import of energy at state periphery.

82%

9%

9%

Energy Balance at State Periphery

Sale to retail consumers Sale thru' wheeling Total T & D losses


6. Energy Accounting:

In order to segregate the losses further in technical & commercial category, it is necessary to have energy

meters at key locations in distribution system in both regions. At present the meters are installed up to 11

Kv feeders outgoing from each substations, & record of readings at definite interval is available in log

books maintained at each substation. Hence it is possible to determine the losses upto feeder level in

66/11 Kv substations.

The consumption recorded by the meters installed for various elements of the distribution system upto all

11 Kv feeders in substations during the period 1st April 2013 to 31

st March 2014 is required to be

computed for determination of the losses up to 11 Kv feeders. The manual readings of meters as

recorded in log books of respective substation are used as source for this exercise. The manual reading

system has inherent shortcoming of slight error due to time delay in taking readings from first meter to

last meters. However the error is compensated to reasonable extent as the audit period (12 months) is

sufficiently long as compared to time delay.

66Kv Level

As stated earlier, out of three energy streams in jurisdiction of EDDD, two energy streams have been

identified in distribution system of Daman. In first stream, the energy is received at 220 KV at

Magarwada 220 Kv S/s from Ambetti S/s of PGCIL which is stepped down to 66 Kv & distributed to

Magarwada 66 KV, kachigam, Ringanwada, Varkund, Dalwada & Bhimpore & Partly to Dabhel S/s.

In other stream the part supply is received at Dabhel S/s at 66 Kv level from Vapi S/s of GETCO & is

stepped down to 11 KV for further distribution.

The remaining energy stream is in the region of Diu where the energy received at Una S/s at 66 Kv level

from Kansari S/s is stepped down to 11 Kv for further distribution.


Daman Distribution System

The single line Diagram of 220/ 66 Kv transmission network showing energy meter positions is presented

below:

Ambetti

Magarwada

100 MVA 220/66KV Tr 50 MVA 220/66 Kv Tr (3 Nos)

Vapi Magarwada 66 kv

Kachigam

Consumer Ringanwada

Dabhel

Varkund

Consumer

Dalwada

Bhimapore

The HT meter having 0.5 / 1 class along with CT & PT of same class have been provided on incoming as

well as outgoing feeders at Magarwada S/s as well as at all substations in jurisdiction of EDDD. The

meters are read regularly at interval of 4 hours i.e. 00.00 hrs, 8.00 hrs, 12.00 hrs, 16.00 hrs & 20.00 hrs

of every day.

The energy meters are also provided at HT side of Transformers & LT side of transformers & 66 Kv /

11Kv feeder lines. The locations of meters provided in 66 kv distribution network are indicated in above

single line diagram.

The month wise import & export at various levels in 66 Kv substations as derived from readings recorded

during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 of all energy meters installed at various substations are

given in annexure.


Magarwada stream

The month wise consumption & transmission losses for sub-transmission network at 66 KV originating

from Magarwada 220 Kv substation during the period between 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 has been

worked out & as given below:


220 KV Ambheti- I 59.37 59.53 58.59 61.88 61.43 59.54 60.62 51.66 61.42 70.26 63.44 71.64 739.38

220 KV Ambheti- II 59.08 59.31 59.67 61.70 61.16 59.25 60.33 51.39 61.01 69.04 63.53 71.81 737.27

Total 220 Kv Import 118.46 118.84 118.26 123.58 122.58 118.79 120.94 103.05 122.43 139.29 126.97 143.45 1476.65

66 Kv Export

66 KV Varkund 33.92 34.27 34.27 35.27 34.99 34.32 34.36 29.18 32.64 32.56 29.87 33.70 399.33

66 KV Ringanwada 36.28 36.77 36.87 38.13 37.93 37.11 37.16 31.40 35.31 35.21 33.36 37.23 432.76

66 KV Kachigam I 19.00 18.31 18.36 19.73 19.82 18.46 19.39 16.67 22.48 31.10 27.47 31.22 262.01

66 KV Kachigam II 18.81 18.15 18.18 19.57 19.19 18.34 19.26 16.57 22.36 30.79 27.21 30.79 259.21

66 KV Tr I 10 Mva 2.10 2.45 2.16 2.74 2.70 2.68 2.73 2.38 2.35 2.40 2.28 2.79 29.76

66 KV Tr II 10 Mva 2.35 2.42 2.13 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.72 2.37 2.57 2.51 2.25 2.82 30.18

66 KV Tr III 10 Mva 5.19 5.66 5.52 4.64 4.41 4.44 4.51 3.77 4.06 3.95 3.84 4.11 54.11

Total Export 66 Kv 117.65 118.03 117.50 122.78 121.72 118.00 120.11 102.33 121.78 138.51 126.30 142.65 1467.35

Transformer + Bus losses 0.81 0.81 0.77 0.80 0.86 0.79 0.83 0.72 0.66 0.78 0.67 0.80 9.30

66 Kv Receipts

Kachigam I 18.89 18.25 18.21 19.60 19.71 18.36 19.29 16.58 22.33 31.06 27.26 32.46 261.99

Kachigam II 18.74 18.03 18.15 19.52 19.11 18.26 19.18 16.52 22.23 30.39 27.01 28.98 256.12

Ringanwada 16.23 17.28 17.58 18.87 19.22 18.52 18.56 14.90 17.40 17.40 16.39 18.35 210.69

Varkund 10.21 11.00 10.05 9.96 9.77 9.74 10.24 8.67 9.09 8.44 8.00 10.07 115.24

Dalwada 31.55 31.85 32.34 33.97 33.30 32.23 32.52 28.53 32.08 32.13 29.72 32.94 383.15

Bhimpore 11.22 9.87 10.23 9.60 9.92 10.22 9.44 7.49 8.74 8.80 8.15 8.46 112.13

Total Receipts 106.83 106.29 106.56 111.51 111.03 107.32 109.21 92.69 111.87 128.21 116.53 131.26 1339.32

Sub_Transmsn Losses 1.17 1.20 1.13 1.18 0.89 0.91 0.95 1.13 0.93 1.44 1.39 1.67 13.99

From above it can be seen that in the period of 12 months i.e. between April 13 to March 14,the energy of

1476.65 MU have been received at Magarwada 220 KV bus. After stepping down to 66 Kv, total energy

available for distribution was 1467.35 MU. Out of this 114.04 MU were utilised to distribute at 66 Kv bus

at Magarwada s/s & remaining 1353.31 MU units were exported to various sub stations.

The losses for stepping down the power from 220 Kv to 66 Kv were 9.3 MU (0.66 %). The energy lost

during 66 Kv transmission from Magarwada to 66 Kv bus of downstream network of Kachigam, Varkund


& Ringanwada feeders is found to be 13.99 MU (0.49%) whereas that in case of downstream network of

Kachigam to Dabhel was observed to be 0.39 MU (0.25%).

The energy flow during period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March 14 in Magarwada distribution network up to 66

Kv bus in substations is as below:

Ambetti

1476.65 M units

220 KV Magarwada

Transformation Loss

9.3 M Units 1467.35 M Units

66 Kv Magarwada

Sub Transmission Loss 114.04 MU

13.99 M units 1353.31 M Units

66 Kv Substations

The month wise losses during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 are presented in the chart below:

Magarwada 220 Kv Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Oct-13 Nov-13 Dec-13 Jan-14 Feb-14 Mar-14 Total

Total 220 Kv Import 118.46 118.84 118.26 123.58 122.58 118.79 120.94 103.05 122.43 139.29 126.97 143.45 1476.65

220/66 Kv Transformation /

bus losses 0.81 0.81 0.77 0.8 0.86 0.79 0.83 0.72 0.66 0.78 0.67 0.8 9.3

Total export 117.65 118.03 117.5 122.78 121.72 118 120.11 102.33 121.78 138.51 126.3 142.65 1467.35

Sub Transmission losses 1.17 1.2 1.13 1.18 0.89 0.91 0.95 1.13 0.93 1.44 1.39 1.67 13.99

66 Kv receipts at S/s 116.48 116.82 116.37 121.6 120.83 117.09 119.17 101.21 120.85 137.07 124.9 140.98 1453.36

The chart showing the energy balance of units received during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 at

Magarwada 220 Kv s/s is as below:

1% 1%

98%

Energy Balance at Magarwada 220 Kv S/s 220/66 Kv Transformation / bus losses Sub Transmission losses 66 Kv receipts at S/s


66/11 KV Level

The 66 kV supply is received at 7 substations in Daman territory. The supply is distributed to 2

consumers at 66 Kv level. The remaining power is stepped down using 66/11 Kv transformers. At

present 27 transformers having capacity of 357 MVA are installed in these 7 nos. of 66/11 Kv substations

for further distribution. The load is further distributed through 11 Kv feeders to HT consumers at 11 Kv

level & at 415/240 volts level using 335 nos. of 11 Kv /433 volts transformers.

The single line diagram of 66 KV network in Magarwada network is as below:

Magarwada 220 Kv

Magarwada 66 Kv

Kachigam 66 Kv Ringanwada 66 Kv

Varkund 66 Kv

Dabhel 66 Kv Dalwada 66 Kv

Bhimapore 66 Kv

Similarly as in line with the computation of losses at 66 Kv level, the losses at 11 Kv are worked out by

comparing the simultaneous (Coherent) readings installed on incoming end of substation as well on all

outgoing 11 Kv feeders at substation.

The working of losses during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 is worked out for Magarwada 11

Kv substation & given below. The working of losses in case of rest of substation is given in annexure and

tables furnishing month wise losses & energy balance for each substation are given below:


The single Line Diagram of Magarwada S/S is as below

66 KV/ 11 KV, 66 KV/ 11 KV,

10 MVA Transformer 1 10 MVA Transformer 2

B.C.

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8

The HT meters are provided at 66 KV side & 11 KV side of transformers. The meters are also provided

on outgoing 11 kv distribution feeders. The locations of meters provided in 66/11 kv distribution network

are indicated in above single line diagram.

The readings of all meter are regular intervals are recorded in the log book. This data of reading during

the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 is used for computation of net energy import / export balance.

The data of month wise readings is given in annexure. The month wise transformation loss & 11 Kv bus

losses up to 11 Kv bus of Magarwada s/s are worked out & given below.

The month wise energy flow on primary & secondary side of transformers & of all 11 Kv feeders is

tabulated below:

13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar

Tr-I 66 KV 2.10 2.45 2.16 2.74 2.70 2.68 2.73 2.38 2.35 2.40 2.28 2.79 29.76

Tr-II 66 KV 2.35 2.42 2.13 2.71 2.68 2.65 2.72 2.37 2.57 2.51 2.25 2.82 30.18

Tr-III 66 KV 5.19 5.66 5.52 4.64 4.41 4.44 4.51 3.77 4.06 3.95 3.84 4.11 54.11

Total 66 Kv 9.64 10.54 9.81

10.0

9 9.79 9.77 9.96 8.52 8.99 8.86 8.38 9.71 114.04

Tr-I 11 KV 2.08 2.43 2.14 2.72 2.68 2.66 2.72 2.37 2.33 2.38 2.26 2.77 29.52

Tr-II 11 KV 2.32 2.40 2.11 2.69 2.66 2.64 2.70 2.35 2.55 2.48 2.24 2.80 29.94

Tr-III 11 KV 5.17 5.64 5.50 4.63 4.45 4.43 4.50 3.76 4.08 3.93 3.83 4.11 54.03

Total 11 kv 9.58 10.47 9.75

10.04

9.79 9.72 9.91 8.48 8.96 8.80 8.32 9.68 113.49

11 Kv Export 9 10.26 9.59 9.88 9.63 9.57 9.71 8.37 8.83 8.67 8.2 9.52 111.23


The month wise transformation loss (66 Kv/11 Kv) & 11 Kv Bus loss during the period 1st April, 13 to

31st March, 14 are computed from above table & furnished below:

Magarwada 66 Kv 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total

66 Kv Import 9.64 10.54 9.81 10.09 9.79 9.77 9.96 8.52 8.99 8.86 8.38 9.71 114.04

X mer Losses 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.55

11 Kv Bus Losses 0.57 0.21 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.1 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.16 2.26

11 Kv Export 9 10.26 9.59 9.88 9.63 9.57 9.71 8.37 8.83 8.67 8.2 9.52 111.23

The graphical representation of month wise % allocation of energy received at Magarwada 66 Kv S/S


st March, 14 is as below losses is as below:

Thus the total losses of 2.81 MU were incurred in Magarwada 66 Kv substation during the period

between April-13 to march 14. These losses are worked out to be 2.47 % of total energy import of 114.04

MU during this period.

Magarwada 66Kv Magarwada Total Purchase

MU % %

Total import 114.04 5.13

Transformation+ bus loss 0.55 0.49 0.03

Bus loss 2.26 1.98 0.10

11 Kv Export 111.23 97.54 5.00

90%

92%

94%

96%

98%

100%

Apr_14 May_13 Jun_13 Jul_13 Aug_13 Sep_13 Oct_13 Nov_13 Dec_13 Jan_14 Feb_14 Mar_14

Energy Balance at Magarwada 66 Kv S/s

X mer

Losses

11 Kv Bus

Losses

11 Kv

Export


The energy balance of Magarwada 66 Kv S/S during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 is as

below:

114.04 M units

Magarwada 66 K/v S/S

Transformation loss

0.55 M units

113.49 M Units 11 Kv bus

11 Kv Bus loss

2.26 M Units

111.23 M Units 11 Kv Feeders

Likewise the 66/11 Kv transformation losses & 11 Kv bus losses have been worked out for all substations

& are given below:

98%

2% 0%

Energy Balance at Magarwada 66 Kv S/s

11 Kv Export 11 Kv Bus Losses X mer Losses


Ringanwada S/S

13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar

66 Kv Import 16.23 17.28 17.58 18.87 19.22 18.52 18.56 14.90 17.40 17.40 16.39 18.35 210.69

X'mer losses 0.04 0.10 0.07 0.11 0.07 0.11 0.01 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.96

11 Kv bus losses 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.56

11 Kv Export 16.15 17.16 17.48 18.71 19.08 18.38 18.41 14.79 17.27 17.27 16.26 18.21 209.17

The graph showing trend of month wise % distribution of energy received during the period 1st April, 13

to 31st March, 14 at Ringanwada S/S & losses thereat is as below:

Thus the total losses are 1.52 MU were incurred in Ringanwada 66 Kv substation during the period

between April-13 to March 14. These losses are worked out to be 0.72 % of total energy import of 210.69

MU during this period.

Ringanwada Ringanwada Total Purchase

MU % %


Transformation loss 0.96 0.45 0.04

Bus loss 0.56 0.27 0.03

11 +66 Kv Export 209.17 99.28 9.40

99%

99%

99%

99%

99%

100%

100%

100%


Energy Balance at Ringanwada 66 Kv S/s

X'merlosses

11 Kv buslosses

11 KvExport


The energy balance of Ringanwada 66 Kv S/S during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 is as

below:

The single line diagram showing energy balance at Ringanwada S/S is as below

210.69 M units

Ringanwada S/S

Transformation loss

0.96 M units

209.73 M Units 11 Kv Bus

11 Kv Bus loss

0.56 M Units


1% 0%

99%

Energy Balance at Ringanwada 66 Kv S/s Transformation loss 11 Kv Bus loss 11 +66 Kv Export


Varkund S/S


66 Kv Import 10.21 11 10.05 9.96 9.77 9.74 10.24 8.67 9.09 8.44 8 10.07 115.24

11 Kv bus losses 0.91 1.67 1.48 1.58 1.43 1.46 1.61 1.58 1.18 1.01 0.66 1.24 15.81

X'mer Losses 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.1 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11 -0.02 1.27

11 Kv Export 9.18 9.2 8.45 8.27 8.21 8.16 8.5 7 7.8 7.31 7.23 8.85 98.16


to 31st March, 14 at Varkund S/S & losses thereat is as below:

Thus the total losses of 17.08 MU were incurred in Varkund 66 Kv substation during the period between

April-13 to March 14. These losses are worked out to be 14.82 % of total energy import of 115.24 MU

during this period.

Varkund Varkund Total Purchase

MU % %


Transformation loss 1.27 1.1 0.06

Bus loss 15.81 13.72 0.71

11 Kv Export 98.16 85.18 4.41

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%


Monthwise Energy Balance at Varkund 66 Kv S/s

X'merLosses

11 kv buslosses

11 KvExport


The energy balance of Varkund 66 Kv S/S during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st march, 14 is as below:

The single line diagram showing energy balance at Varkund S/S is as below

115.24 M units

Varkund S/S

Transformation loss

1.27 MU

113.97 MU 11 Kv Bus

11 Kv Bus loss

15.81 M Units


1%

14%

85%

Energy Balance at Varkund 66 Kv S/s

Transformation loss 11 Kv Bus loss 11 Kv Export


Dalwada S/S

The month wise losses at Dalwada S/S are tabulated below:

Dalwada s/s 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total

11 Kv Import 31.55 31.85 32.34 33.97 33.30 32.23 32.52 28.53 32.08 32.13 29.72 32.94 383.15

Transformer Loses 0.26 0.25 0.19 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.35 0.23 0.22 0.31 2.01

11 Kv Bus losses 0.52 0.64 0.20 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.32 1.89 1.70 1.94 7.32

66 Kv Export 2.11 2.35 2.76 3.13 3.06 2.66 2.86 2.43 2.66 2.86 2.64 2.68 32.20

11 Kv Export 28.65 28.61 29.19 30.80 30.12 29.54 29.59 26.04 28.76 27.16 25.16 28.01 341.61


to 31st March 14 at Dalwada S/S & losses thereat is as below:

Thus the total losses of 9.33 MU were incurred in Dalwada 66 Kv substation during the period between

April-13 to March 14. These losses are worked out to be 2.43 % of total energy import of 383.15 MU

during this period.

Varkund Varkund Total Purchase

MU % %


X'mation loss 2.01 0.52 0.09

11 Kv Bus loss 7.32 1.91 0.33

66 + 11 Kv Export 373.82 97.56 16.80

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%


Monthwise Energy Balance at Dalwada S/s

Transformer

Loses

11 Kv Bus

losses

66 Kv

Export

11 Kv

Export


The energy balance Dalwada 66 Kv S/S during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 is as below:

The single line diagram showing energy balance at Dalwada S/S is as below

383.15 M units

Dalwada S/S

Transformation loss 32.2 MU Consumer

2.01 M units


11 Kv Bus loss

7.32 M Units

341.61M Units 11 Kv Feeders

0% 2%

98%

Energy Balance at Dalwada 66 Kv S/s

X'mation loss 11 Kv Bus loss 66 + 11 Kv Export


Bhimapore S/S

The month wise losses at Bhimapore s/s S/S are tabulated below:

Bhimpore 66 Kv 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total

66 Kv Import 11.22 9.87 10.23 9.6 9.92 10.22 9.44 7.49 8.74 8.8 8.15 8.46 112.13

X'mer Losses 0.15 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.22 0.11 0 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 1.08

11 Kv bus losses 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0.01 0.1

11 kv Export 11.06 9.79 10.14 9.47 9.74 9.99 9.32 7.48 8.69 8.75 8.1 8.42 110.95


to 31st March 14 at Bhimpore S/S & losses thereat is as below:

Thus the total losses of 1.18 MU were incurred in Bhimapore 66 Kv substation during the period April 13

to March 14. These losses are worked out to be 1.05 % of total energy import of 112.13 MU during this

period.

Bhimpore Bhimpore Total Purchase

MU % %


X'mation loss 1.08 0.96 0.05

11 Kv Bus loss 0.1 0.09 0.00

11 Kv Export 110.95 98.95 4.99

97%

97%

98%

98%

99%

99%

100%

100%


Monthwise Energy Balance at Bhimpore 66 Kv S/s

X'mer

Losses

11 Kv bus

losses

11 kv

Export


The energy balance Bhimapore 66 Kv S/S during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 is as below:


112.13 M units

Bhimapore S/S

Transformation loss

1.08 M units


11 Kv Bus loss

0.1 M Units


1% 0%

99%

Energy Balance at Bhimpore 66 Kv S/s

X'mation loss 11 Kv Bus loss 11 Kv Export


Kachigam S/s

Kachigam 66 Kv 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total

66 kv Import 37.62 36.28 36.37 39.12 38.82 36.63 38.47 33.1 37.83 36.8 33.61 38.01 442.64

Transformer losses 0.51 0.52 0.49 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.5 0.24 0.05 0.5 0.5 5.58

11 Kv Bus losses 0.19 0.98 1.67 2 1.64 0.93 1.45 0.9 0.11 1.06 0.79 0.73 12.46

11 Kv Export 36.33 34.37 33.69 36.11 36.24 34.74 35.87 31.12 36.82 34.86 31.67 35.99 417.82

66 Kv Export 0.59 0.41 0.51 0.44 0.38 0.4 0.57 0.58 0.66 0.83 0.65 0.78 6.79

The graph showing trend of month wise % distribution of energy received at kachigam S/S & losses in

kachigam S/s is as below:

Thus the total losses of 18.04 MU were incurred in Kachigam 66 Kv substation during the period April-

13 to March 14. These losses are worked out to be 4.07 % of total energy import of 442.65 MU during

this period.

Kachigam

Kachigam Total Purchase

MU % %


X'mation loss 5.58 1.26 0.25

11 Kv Bus loss 12.46 2.81 0.56

66 + 11 Kv Export 424.61 95.93 19.09

88%

90%

92%

94%

96%

98%

100%


Monthwise Energy Balance at Kachigam 66 Kv S/s

Transformer

losses

11 Kv Bus

losses

66 Kv Export

11 Kv Export


The energy balance of Kachigam 66 Kv S/S during the period 1st April, 12 to 31

st march 13 is as below:

The single line diagram showing energy balance at Kachigam S/S is as below

442.65 M units

Kachigam S/S

Transformation loss EPL 66 KV Consumer


11 Kv Bus losses

12.46 M Units


1% 3%

96%

Energy Balance at Kachigam 66 Kv S/s

X'mation loss 11 Kv Bus loss 66 + 11 Kv Export


Summarizing; the total month wise transformation & 11 Kv bus losses in Magarwada stream during the

period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 are tabulated as below:

Total import At 66 Kv Bus

66 Kv Import 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total

Magarwada 9.64 10.54 9.81 10.09 9.79 9.77 9.96 8.52 8.99 8.86 8.38 9.71 114.06

Ringanwada 16.23 17.28 17.58 18.87 19.22 18.52 18.56 14.9 17.4 17.4 16.39 18.35 210.69

Varkund 10.21 11 10.05 9.96 9.77 9.74 10.24 8.67 9.09 8.44 8 10.07 115.24

Dalwada 31.55 31.85 32.34 33.97 33.3 32.23 32.52 28.53 32.08 32.13 29.72 32.94 383.15

Bhimpore 11.22 9.87 10.23 9.6 9.92 10.22 9.44 7.49 8.74 8.8 8.15 8.46 112.13

Kachigam 37.62 36.28 36.37 39.12 38.82 36.63 38.47 33.1 37.83 36.8 33.61 38.01 442.66

116.47 116.82 116.38 121.61 120.82 117.11 119.19 101.21 114.13 112.43 104.25 117.54 1377.93

Dabhel 6.7 24.54 20.55 23.31 75.08

1453.01

The part energy (75.47 MU) at Dabhel S/s was supplied through Magarwada stream via Kachigam -

Dabhel 66 Kv link since Dec 13. Total sub transmission losses were 14.37 MU for transmitting the energy

from Magarwada 220 Kv Ss to its various downstream 66 Kv S/s.

Total transformation losses (66/ 11 Kv)

X'mer Losses 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total

Magarwada 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.56

Ringanwada 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.11 0.07 0.11 0.01 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.96

Varkund 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.1 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11 -0.02 1.27

Dalwada 0.26 0.25 0.19 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.35 0.23 0.22 0.31 2.01

Bhimpore 0.15 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.22 0.11 0 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 1.08

Kachigam 0.51 0.52 0.49 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.5 0.24 0.05 0.5 0.5 5.58

Total 1.16 1.14 1.01 0.97 1.05 1.06 0.9 0.75 0.84 0.57 1.02 0.95 11.46

Total Transformation losses in various 66 Kv S/s in Magarwada stream are 11.46 MU.


Total 11 Kv Bus losses

11 Kv bus losses 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total

Magarwada 0.57 0.21 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.1 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.16 2.26

Ringanwada 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.56

Varkund 0.91 1.67 1.48 1.58 1.43 1.46 1.61 1.58 1.18 1.01 0.66 1.24 15.81

Dalwada 0.52 0.64 0.2 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.32 1.89 1.7 1.94 7.32

Bhimpore 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0.01 0.1

Kachigam 0.19 0.98 1.67 2 1.64 0.93 1.45 0.9 0.11 1.06 0.79 0.73 12.46

Total 2.24 3.54 3.54 3.82 3.31 2.6 3.43 2.62 1.79 4.13 3.31 4.13 38.51

Total 11 Kv Bus losses in various 66 Kv S/s in Magarwada stream are 38.51 MU.

Total Losses

Total Losses 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total

Magarwada 0.64 0.28 0.21 0.21 0.16 0.19 0.24 0.14 0.15 0.19 0.17 0.19 2.82

Ringanwada 0.08 0.13 0.1 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.15 1.52

Varkund 1.04 1.8 1.6 1.68 1.56 1.58 1.74 1.67 1.29 1.12 0.77 1.22 17.08

Dalwada 0.78 0.89 0.39 0.04 0.13 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.67 2.12 1.92 2.25 9.33

Bhimpore 0.16 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.12 0 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 1.18

Kachigam 0.7 1.5 2.16 2.58 2.2 1.49 2.02 1.4 0.35 1.11 1.29 1.23 18.04

Total 3.4 4.68 4.55 4.79 4.36 3.66 4.33 3.37 2.63 4.7 4.33 5.08 49.97

Total losses in various 66 Kv S/s in Magarwada stream are 49.97 MU.

Summarizing the substation wise energy balance in Magarwada stream during period 1st April 11 to 31

st

March 12 is as tabulated below:

The substation wise break up of losses is tabulated below:

66 Kv Substation Total Import X'mation losses

11 Kv Bus

losses

Total

Losses Export % Loss

S/S

Import

Gross

Purchase

Magarwada 114.04 0.56 2.26 2.82 111.22 2.47 0.13

Ringanwada 210.69 0.96 0.56 1.52 209.17 0.72 0.07

Varkund Bus 115.24 1.27 15.81 17.08 98.16 14.82 0.77

Dalwada 383.15 2.01 7.32 9.33 373.82 2.44 0.42

Bhimpore 112.13 1.08 0.1 1.18 110.95 1.05 0.05

Kachhigam 442.64 5.58 12.46 18.04 424.6 4.08 0.81

1377.89 11.46 38.51 49.97 1327.92 3.63 2.25


From above it can be seen that total losses comprising of transformation & 11 Bus losses up to 11 Kv bus

in substation in Magarwada stream during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March 14 are 49.97 MU. The

substation wise share in total losses is represented in chart below.

The above chart clearly identifies Kachigam & Varkund S/S as major sources of losses which are

required to be targeted on priority basis for corrective action as losses in these s/s collectively

contribute to about 70 % of total losses at 11Kv level in Magarwada stream.

The Month wise particulars of total import at 66 kv level & total export at 11 Kv level during the period

1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 are tabulated as below:


66 Kv Import 116.47 116.82 116.38 121.61 120.82 117.11 119.19 101.21 114.13 112.43 104.3 117.54 1377.93

X'mation losses 1.16 1.14 1.01 0.97 1.05 1.06 0.9 0.75 0.84 0.57 1.02 0.95 11.46

11 Kv bus losses 2.24 3.54 3.54 3.82 3.31 2.6 3.43 2.62 1.79 4.13 3.31 4.13 38.51

Total Losses 3.4 4.68 4.55 4.79 4.36 3.66 4.33 3.37 2.63 4.7 4.33 5.08 49.97

Total export 113.07 112.14 111.83 116.82 116.46 113.45 114.86 97.84 111.5 107.73 99.97 112.46 1327.96

6%

3%

34%

19%

2%

36%

Substationwise Share of Total Losses

Magarwada Ringanwada Varkund Bus Dalwada Bhimpore Kachhigam


The energy balance between 66 Kv bus in substation to 11 Kv bus in substation is as below:

Magarwada 1467.35 M Units

Transmission loss 13.99 M units

1453.36 M units

66 Kv Bus in S/s 1377.93 M Units 66 Kv Bus in

Transformation loss Dabhel 75.43 M Units

11.46 M units

11 Kv Bus

11 Kv Bus loss

38.51 M Units

1327.96 M Units 11 Kv+ 66 Feeders

In order to have comprehensive picture of losses from main 220 Kv incoming feeders to all out going

11 Kv feeders, it is necessary to combine the losses as worked out earlier upto 66 Kv with those worked

out from 66 Kv level to 11 Kv level.

93%

94%

95%

96%

97%

98%

99%

100%


Monthwise energy balance : Magarwada stream

X'mation

losses

11 Kv

bus losses

Total

export


If we combine the loss scenario up to 66 Kv bus in substation with that upto 11 Kv bus in substation, the

combined scenario during the period 1st April, 12 to 31

st march, 13 is given in the table below:

Magarwada sream 12-Apr 12-May 12-Jun 12-Jul 12-Aug 12-Sep 12-Oct 12-Nov 12-Dec 13-Jan 13-Feb 13-Mar Total

Total 220 Kv Import 118.46 118.84 118.26 123.58 122.58 118.79 120.94 103.05 122.43 139.29 126.97 143.45 1476.65

66 Kv Transformation

losses 0.81 0.81 0.77 0.8 0.86 0.79 0.83 0.72 0.66 0.78 0.67 0.8 9.3

Sub Transmission losses 1.17 1.2 1.13 1.18 0.89 0.91 0.95 1.13 0.93 1.44 1.39 1.67 13.99

66/11 kvX'mation losses 1.16 1.14 1.01 0.97 1.05 1.06 0.9 0.75 0.84 0.57 1.02 0.95 11.46

11 Kv bus losses 2.24 3.54 3.54 3.82 3.31 2.6 3.43 2.62 1.79 4.13 3.31 4.13 38.51

Total Losses 3.4 4.68 4.55 4.79 4.36 3.66 4.33 3.37 2.63 4.7 4.33 5.08 49.97

66/11 Kv Export 113.07 112.14 111.83 116.82 116.46 113.43 114.83 97.83 111.48 107.71 99.92 112.46 1327.98

Dabhel

6.73 24.65 20.66 23.43 75.47

Total export 113.07 112.14 111.83 116.82 116.46 113.43 114.83 97.83 118.21 132.37 120.58 135.89 1403.46

Ambetti 1476.65 M units

220 KV Magarwada

Transformation Loss 220/66 Kv


66 Kv Magarwada

Sub Transmission Loss

13.99 M units

1377.93 MU

66 Kv Bus in S/S

Transformation loss 66 /11 Kv Dabhel 75.46 M units

11.46 M units


11 Kv Bus loss

38.51 M Units



The % loss of various categories in Magarwada S/S network during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st march, 14 is

tabulated below:

Year 2013-14 % loss

MU Magarwada Import Total Purchase

Total Import 1476.65 66.37

Transformation loss 66 Kv 9.3 0.63 0.42

Sub Transmission loss 66 Kv 13.99 0.95 0.63

Transformation loss 11Kv 11.42 0.77 0.51

11 Kv Bus loss 38.46 2.6 1.73

Total Export 1403.6 95.05 63.09

Total Losses 73.1 4.95 3.29

From above it can be seen that total losses up to 11 Kv bus level in substations in Magarwada network


st March 14 are 4.95 % of total import in Magarwada network & 3.29

% of total purchased energy in year 2013-14. The graphical representation of losses is as below:

9.3 13.99 11.42

38.46

220/66 Kv X'mation losses Sub Transmission losses 66/11 kv X'mation losses 11 Kv bus losses

Losses in Magarwada Energy Stream

1%

1% 1%

2%

95%

Energy Balance in Magarwada Energy Stream

Transformation loss 66 Kv Sub Transmission loss 66 Kv Transformation loss 11Kv

11 Kv Bus loss Total Export


Dabhel S/S

The other energy stream in Daman distribution network is from Dabhel S/s. The electric supply is

received at 66 Kv level at Dabhel S/s from Vapi S/s of GETCO through double circuit feeder. Since

December 13 part of energy (75.46 MU) at Dabhel S/s is being supplied from Magarwada 220 Kv S/s via

Kachigam – Dabhel link. Losses incurred during the such transmission from Kachigam S/s are 0.39 MU.

The power is then stepped down to 11 kv level through 6 nos. of transformers for downstream

distribution.

The consumption at various levels in Dabhel S/S is as given below:

Dabhel 66 Kv S/s 13-Apr 13-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 13-Aug 13-Sep 13-Oct 13-Nov 13-Dec 14-Jan 14-Feb 14-Mar Total

66 Kv Import 61.01 54.18 54.79 58.77 60.4 59.94 56.82 51.26 56.9 59.21 53.5 59.39 686.2

66 Kv Consumer 28.82 25.7 27.18 30.01 30.01 29.86 27.04 26.28 28.91 30.94 29.59 32.38 346.7

66 Kv Bus 32.19 28.48 27.61 28.76 30.39 30.08 29.77 24.98 27.99 28.26 23.91 27.01 339.5

11 Kv Export 32.07 28.35 27.07 28.03 30.01 29.51 29.28 24.53 27.68 28.24 23.9 26.94 335.6

The month wise the total of 66/11 Kv transformation & 11 Kv bus losses are tabulated below:

13-

Apr

13-

May

13-

Jun

13-

Jul

13-

Aug

13-

Sep

13-

Oct

13-

Nov

13-

Dec

14-

Jan

14-

Feb

14-

Mar Total

X'mer losses 0.08 0.1 0.28 0.34 0.15 0.32 0.23 0.19 0.06 0.02 0 0.01 1.77

11 Kv bus Losses 0.05 0.03 0.26 0.4 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.01 0 0.05 2.06

11 Kv Export 32.07 28.35 27.07 28.03 30.01 29.51 29.28 24.53 27.68 28.24 23.9 26.94 335.6

66 Kv Consumer 28.82 25.7 27.18 30.01 30.01 29.86 27.04 26.28 28.91 30.94 29.59 32.38 346.7

The graphical representation of losses is as below:

96%

97%

97%

98%

98%

99%

99%

100%

100%


Monthwise Energy Balanceat Dabhel S/s

X'merlosses

11 Kv busLosses

11 KvExport


The energy balance in Dabhel network is as below:

Dabhel 66 Kv S/s Dabhel Total Purchase

MU % %


X'mer losses 1.77 0.26 0.08

11 Kv bus Losses 2.06 0.3 0.09

11 +66 Kv Export 682.34 99.44 30.67

Thus the total losses of 3.83 MU were incurred in Dabhel 66 Kv substation during the period between

April-13 to March14. These losses are worked out to be 0.56 % of total energy import of 686.17 MU

during this period. The energy balance of Dabhel 66 Kv S/S is as below:


686.17 M Units

66 Kv Bus in S/S

Transformation loss 66 /11 Kv 66 Kv consumer


11 Kv Bus

11 Kv Bus loss

2.06 M Units


Thus it can be seen that % loss upto 11 Kv feeders in case of Dabhel S/S about 0.56 % of Energy received

at Dabhel S/s.

0% 0%

100%

Energy Balance at Dabhel S/s

X'mer losses 11 Kv bus Losses 11 +66 Kv Export


Energy balance: Daman Distribution system

The total substation wise classification of losses in entire Daman territory upto 11 kv feeders in substation

is compiled in the table below:

Total Import X'mation losses 11 Kv Bus losses Total Losses Export % Loss

Import at S/s Gross Purchases

Magarwada 114.04 0.56 2.26 2.82 111.22 2.47 0.13

Ringanwada 210.69 0.96 0.56 1.52 209.17 0.72 0.07

Varkund Bus 115.24 1.27 15.81 17.08 98.16 14.82 0.77

Dalwada 383.15 2.01 7.32 9.33 373.82 2.44 0.42

Bhimpore 112.13 1.08 0.1 1.18 110.95 1.05 0.05

Kachhigam 442.64 5.58 12.46 18.04 424.6 4.08 0.81

Dabhel 686.17 1.77 2.06 3.83 682.34 0.56 0.17

Total 2064.06 13.23 40.57 53.8 2010.26 2.61 2.42

The above chart indicates that the losses in Varkund S/s & Kachigam S/s are 15 % & 4 % of energy

imports respectively . In remaining substations in Daman territory the losses are about 2- 3 % of energy

imports which are within limits.

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

Magarwada Ringanwada Varkund Bus Dalwada Bhimpore Kachhigam Dabhel

Substation wise Energy balance

11 Kv Bus

losses

X'mation

losses

Export


Energy balance: Daman & Diu Distribution system

The energy balance of Daman & Diu distribution system can be arrived at, if energy balance in Dabhel

stream is combined with that of Diu stream.

The energy balance of Daman distribution system as emerged is given below:

Daman & Diu Territory (Period 1-4-13 to 31-03-14)

Units (MU) %

Daman Import Gross Purchases/Inj

Total Import = 2135.91

93.84

Transformation loss 66 Kv = 9.3 0.45 0.42

Transmission loss 66 Kv = 14.36 0.69 0.65

Transformation loss 11Kv = 13.23 0.63 0.59

11 Kv Bus loss = 40.57 1.94 1.82

Total losses up to 11 Kv bus = 77.46 3.71 3.48

Total export = 2058.45 96.29 90.36

Distribution Losses in Daman & Diu = 107.69 5.16 4.84

Sales = 1950.76 93.44 87.69

Thus the losses in Daman & Diu distribution network are 9 % out of which 3.5 % losses are incurred up

to 11 Kv bus in substations. These losses are purely technical losses. The distribution losses in Daman &

Diu in downstream network from 66/11 Kv substations are 5.16 % & comprises of both technical as well

as commercial losses. The chart showing share each category of losses occurring in distribution network

of Daman is presented below:

0% 1% 1% 2% 5%

91%

Energy Balance in Daman & Diu Teritory Transformation loss 66 Kv Transmission loss 66 Kv Transformation loss 11Kv

11 Kv Bus loss Distribution Losses Sales


The above chart brings out that distribution losses in down stream network of 66/11 Kv substations are

58 % of total losses being incurred in Daman& Diu distribution network. In order to cause reduction in

these losses it is necessary to segregate of distribution losses. The work of segregation of distribution

losses will be taken up in second phase. EDDD has already taken up the work of consumer indexing and

in final stages of completion. EDDD also has decided to take up the work of DT metering.

The distribution losses in downstream network from 66/11 Kv substations which amount to about 5.16 %

of total purchased energy comprise of technical & commercial losses. The technical losses are losses in

various components of distribution system such as transformers, switchgears, overhead feeder lines,

underground cables, meters, capacitors etc. & commercial losses are incurred due to errors in meter

reading, error in billing, defect in meters, tampering in meters & un-metered unauthorized supply (

theft of electricity). The commercial losses can be eliminated by proper control over metering & billing

system backed by effective vigilance team capable of detecting the tampering in metering system & theft

of electricity.

However in order to achieve reduction in losses it is necessary to segregate the distribution losses in

technical & commercial losses. It has been proposed to take up this work in second phase of energy audit

after completion the work of consumer indexing & DT metering. The work of rectification of errors in

energy meters in Diu S/s is also proposed to be completed. The segregation of loses would help to

identify the major source of losses so as to focus on specific feeder, Distribution transformer centre or HT

consumer.

5% 8%

7%

22% 58%

Composition of losses in Daman & Diu

Transformation loss 66 Kv Transmission loss 66 Kv Transformation loss 11Kv

11 Kv Bus loss Distribution Losses


Analysis of Losses:

220/66 Kv losses

Transmission losses

The EDDD receives the supply from the western grid from 220 KV S/S Ambetti S/S, Vapi S/S &

Kansari S/S. The feeding points outgoing to Magarwada, Dabhel & Diu respectively are the input nodes

of supply for EDDD & it has to bear all the losses beyond these points. The power is transmitted through

220 double circuit lines from Ambetti to Magarwada whereas it is transmitted through 66 Kv double

circuit lines in case of Vapi to Dabhel & Kansari to Diu.

The details of transmission network, energy wheeled, transmission losses during the period 1st April, 13 to

31st March, 14 is given in the table below:

Sr. No Transmission line

Conducto

r

No. of

circuits

Lengt

h

Energy

wheele

d

Transmission

Losses % Loss

From To Kms MU MU

1 Ambetti Magarwada Zebra Double 25.71

2 Magarwada Kachigam Panther Double 2.8 521.2 3.1 0.59

3 Kachigam Dabhel Panther Single 3.5 75.49 0.39 0.51

4 Magarwada Ringanwada Panther Single 3.8 432.76 3.04 0.7

5 Magarwada Varkund Panther Single 3.65 399.32 1.36 0.34

6 Ringanwada Varkund Panther Single 2.64 219.03 0.76 0.35

7 Varkund Dalwada Panther Double 3.4 500.99 4.48 0.89

8 Dalwada Bhimapore 1.8 113.36 1.23 1.09

9 Vapi Dabhel Panther Single 5.9

10 Vapi Dabhel Panther Single 5.9 611.08

11 Vapi Kachigam Panther Single 5.6

12 Dabhel Dalwada Panther Single 5.2

13 Kachigam Dalwada Panther Single 7.4

14 kansari Diu Double 22 48.17

The drawl during the period 1st April, 13 to 31

st March, 14 was 2043.49 MU & the transmission losses at

this drawl are found to be 7.99 MU .

The transmission losses are basically ohmic heat losses due to flow of current in feeder conductors.

Normally these losses are proportional to square of current in the feeder & conductor resistance. The


resistance in turn is proportional to length of conductor & resistivity & inversely proportional to cross

section of conductor. Also the current in transmission line is inversely proportional to transmission

voltage. The transmission losses were found to 0.36 % of total drawl & 0.37 % of gross energy

purchased.

Sub Transmission losses

In case of Daman distribution network the supply is received at 220 Kv at Magarwada S/s which is then

stepped down to 66 Kv level & transmitted further to Ringanwada S/s, Kachigam S/s, Varkund S/s,

Dalwada S/s & Bhimpore S/s, Hence only in Magarwada energy flow stream the 220 /66 Kv

transformation & 66 Kv sub transmission losses occur. In other streams the supply is received directly

at 66 Kv at Dabhel S/s in Daman region & at Una S/s in Diu region. In current year, part of energy 75.49

MU was supplied through Magarwada stream via Kachigam to Dabhel link.

The transmission losses in various 66 Kv feeders going to various substations in during period April 13

to March 14 are as below:

66 Kv Feeder Energy (1-4-13 to 31-03-14) Transmission loss

From To exported Received (Kwh) %

Magarwada Kachigam I 263.36 261.99 1.37 0.52

Magarwada Kachigam II 257.86 256.13 1.73 0.67

Kachigam Dabhel 75.47 75.08 0.39 0.52

Magarwada Ringanwada 432.76 429.72 3.04 0.70

Magarwada Varkund 399.32 397.96 1.36 0.34

Ringanwada Varkund 219.03 218.27 0.76 0.35

Varkund Dalwada 500.99 496.51 4.48 0.89

Dalwada Bhimapore 113.36 112.13 1.23 1.09

Total 2262.15 2247.79 14.36 0.63


66 Kv feeders originating from Magarwada S/s to Ringanwada & Varkund S/s are required to wheel the

combined load of Ringanwada, Varkund , Dalwada & Bhimapore S/s. Hence the transmission losses for

wheeling the energy to Dalwada are distributed over remaining 66 Kv feeders. Similarly The 66 Kv

feeder to Kachigam S/s is feeding combined load of Kachigam & part load of Dabhel S/s. Hence the

transmission losses in these feeders are allocated to each substation in proportion of the energy distributed

by respective substation. The substation wise allocation of sub transmission loss is as below:

Sr.No. 66 Kv S/s Energy Wheeled Sub Transmission losses % loss

1 Kachigam 442.64 3.03 0.68

2 Dabhel 75.08 0.47 0.63

3 Ringanwada 210.69 1.46 0.69

4 Varkund 115.24 0.18 0.16

5 Dalwada 383.15 7.34 1.92

6 Bhimpore 112.13 1.89 1.69

1.37 1.73

0.39

3.04

1.36

0.76

4.48

1.23

Feeder wise Sub Transmission Losses


The chart showing the substation wise allocation of sub transmission losses is as below:

From above it can be seen that the 90 % of sub transmission losses are contributed by feeders supplying

energy to Dalwada & Bhimapore S/s.

The share of above referred substations in energy exported from Magarwada S/S is shown in the chart

below:

From above two charts it can be seen that though the energy exported to combined load of Dalwada &

Bhimapore s/s is about 37 % of total energy exported from Magarwada, the transmission losses for these

substations forms about 64% of total transmission losses due to longer distance from feeding point.

21%

4%

10%

1%

51%

13%

Substation wise Sub Transmission Losses

Kachigam Dabhel Ringanwada Varkund Dalwada Bhimpore

33%

6%

16% 8%

29%

8%

Share of Energy Wheeled

Kachigam Dabhel Ringanwada Varkund Dalwada Bhimpore


Reconductoring of Transmisssion line

The conductors of transmission lines in Diu & Daman 66 Kv transmission network are panther ACSR conductors

having conductor area of 212 sq.mm. The total area of the conductor including that of steel conductor is 261.5 sq.

mm. The weight of conductor per Km is 974 Kg/ Km.

Now a days all aluminum alloy conductors made up of Aluminium-magnesium silicon alloy are available containing

magnesium (0.6—0.9 %) & silicon (0.5—0.9 %) to give it better mechanical properties. AAAC conductor has

better corrosion resistance& better strength to weight ratio. The AAAC conductor has better conductivity than

ACSR conductor on equal diameter basis.

In view of availability of alternate conductor configuration having improved resistance, it is proposed to replace the

existing panther ACSR conductor by Panther Up conductor .The comparison of panther ACSR conductor with that

of various AAAC conductors is as below:

Conductor

area Diameter weight

Resistance

at 20 0 C

Sq. mm mm Kg/km ohm/km

Panther ACSR 212 21 974 0.139

wolf AAAC 173 17 474 0.197

Panther Up I AAAC 288 22.05 794 0.118

Panther Up II AAAC 346 24.15 953 0.098

The transmission lines between Magarwada to Kachigam & Varkund to Dalwada are double circuit feeders. The

estimated transmission losses in these transmission lines under various options of conductor are as below:

66 Kv Feeder Sub Transmission losses ( Kwh)

From To

Existing losses

Panther Twin wolf Panther Up I Panther Up II

ACSR AAAC AAAC AAAC

Magarwada Kachigam I 1.37 0.77 0.55 0.65 0.54

Magarwada Kachigam II 1.73 0.74 0.52 0.63 0.52

Varkund Dalwada I 2.24 0.86 0.61 0.73 0.61

Varkund Dalwada II 2.24 0.86 0.61 0.73 0.61

Total 7.58 3.23 2.29 2.74 2.28

From above table it can be seen that there is potential of annual savings to tune of about 4.35 to 5.29 MU in

transmission losses in case of double circuit feeders between Magarwada to Kachigam S/s and Varkund S/s to

Dalwada S/s. The selection of appropriate conductor can be done after consideration of other technical parameters

like ground clearances, sag, weight, other clearances etc.


Conversion of single circuit feeders to Double circuit feeders

At present there is no direct feeder between Magarwada to Dalwada S/s. The energy has to be transmitted

through 66 Kv lines between Magarwada to Ringanwada & Varkund and Ringanwada to Varkund in

addition to line between Varkund S/s to Dalwada S/s. Out of these lines, 66 Kv lines between Magarwada

to Ringanwada & Varkund and Ringanwada to Varkund are single circuit feeders. The line conductors are

of panther ACSR type. The line between Magarwada to Ringanwada is carrying the load of about 470

ampere & has reached its maximum capacity.

The saving potential pertaining to transmission losses in period 1st April 13 to 31

st March 14 by changing

existing ACSR conductor by AAAC conductor in single as well as double circuit configuration is worked

out in the table below:

66 Kv Feeder Transmission losses ( Kwh)

From To Existing

losses

Single Circuit Double Circuit

Panther Twin wolf Panther Up I Panther Up II Panther Twin wolf Panther Up I Panther Up II

ACSR AAAC AAAC AAAC ACSR AAAC AAAC AAAC

Kachigam Dabhel 0.39 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.035 0.03

Magarwada Ringanwada 3.04 2.82 2 2.39 1.99 1.41 1 1.195 0.995

Magarwada Varkund 1.36 1.76 1.67 1.76 1.66 0.88 0.835 0.88 0.83

Ringanwada Varkund 0.76 0.51 0.36 0.43 0.36 0.255 0.18 0.215 0.18

Dalwada Bhimpore 1.23 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.045 0.035 0.04 0.035

Total 6.78 5.26 4.16 4.73 4.14 2.63 2.08 2.365 2.07

From the above table it is clear that there is annual saving potential of 1.52 MU to 2.62 MU in case only existing

panther ACSR conductors are replaced by suitable AAAC .

However if the existing single circuit is converted into double circuit using suitable AAAC conductors, the annual

saving potential is to tune of 4.15 MU to 4.7 MU .

The feasibility study will have to be carried out considering the tower design, right of way, clearances, sag etc,

Thus the total annual saving potential by conversion of single circuit feeders to double circuit feeders & change over

to AAAC conductors is almost 4.7 MU out of existing annual sub transmission losses of 6.78 MU. These remaining

transmission losses can be further reduced to 25 % if existing transmission voltage is increased to 132 Kv by

installing 220 /1110 Kv transformers at 220 Kv substation & 132 Kv/11 Kv transformers at existing 66 Kv

substations. Moreover the suitability of tower height for requisite clearances, sag, arm length, wind pressure, span,

right of way as well as capital expenditure & its viability has to be studied further in detail.


Improvement of Power factor

The transmission lines have to wheel active as well as reactive power. The reactive current causes

additional distribution losses in transmission lines & transformers. Due to drawl of reactive power causes

decrease in the power factor. The power factor of various transformers in substations is as below:

Dabhel Magarwada Varkund Ringanwada

Trans. 15 Mva 15 Mva 20 Mva 15 Mva 15 Mva 10 Mva 10 Mva 10 Mva 10 Mva 15 Mva 15 Mva 10 Mva 10 Mva 10 Mva

PF 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.96 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.97

Dalwada Kachigam Bhimapore

Trans. 15 Mva 15 Mva 20 Mva 15 Mva 15 Mva 15 Mva 20 Mva 15 Mva 20 Mva 10 Mva

10 Mva 10 mva

PF 0.94 0.96 0.98 0.95 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.98

0.96 0.96

The power factor in case of all transformers in substations is found to be in range of 0.94 to 0.98. Due to

low power factor the distribution / transmission system has to carry the load of reactive power. If the

reactive power is compensated locally at sub stations by installing capacitors of requisite ratings, the

upstream network will be relieved by reactive current.

The instantaneous values of active, reactive & apparent power at 66 Kv for various feeders is as below:

Substation MW MVAR MVA PF

Magarwada 66 Tr 1 3.68 1.21 3.87 0.95

Magarwada 66 Tr 2 3.64 1.2 3.83 0.95

Magarwada 66 Tr 3 6.24 1.82 6.5 0.96

Kachigam I 26.51 8.71 27.91 0.95

Kachigam II 26.31 9.55 27.99 0.94

Varkund 47.4 15.58 49.89 0.95

Ringanwada 51.25 14.95 53.39 0.96

Dabhel 78.99 28.67 84.03 0.94

244.02 81.69 257.41 0.95

By improving the power factor, the apparent power & current can be reduced by 5 % which can bring

upon reduction in transmission losses & transformer load losses to extent of 9.75 %. The improvement in

PF can cause the reduction in demand by about 5 %.

At present the total sub transmission losses & 66/11 Kv transformation losses at 66 Kv during the period

1st April 13 to 31

st March 14 are 27.59 MU. The 220 Kv transmission losses during the period 1st

April 13 to


31st March 14 are 7.99 MU. The total 220 Kv & 66 Kv transmission losses are estimated to about 22.35

Mu per annum. The reduction in current to tune of 5 % due to improvement in power factor can bring

down the transmission losses by about 2.18 MU (9.75%)

The 66/11 transformation losses during the period 1st April 13 to 31

st March 14 are worked out to be 13.23

MU. As the no load losses particulars of transformer are not available, the exact reduction in transformer

load losses cannot be computed. However, if we assume the no load losses to be 20 % on conservative

basis, the load losses would approximately be about 10.6 M units. Thus with improvement in power

factor to unity, the reduction of 1.03 M units can be achieved in transformer load losses. Moreover due to

improvement in power factor the secondary voltage will increase causing proportionate reduction in

current in secondary side which will also lead to reduction in distribution losses & voltage drop. At

present the voltage was observed to be in the range of 63 to 64 Kv. With the reactive power

compensation, the voltage will be improved by about 5 % to 66 Kv.

The improvement in power factor would also result in reduction in instantaneous demand relieving the

load on upstream transmission grid as well as generating system causing surplus energy out of predefined

allocation. The reduction in demand will result in reduction in demand charges.

Thus there is saving potential of 3.21 MU per annum by way of improvement of power factor by

installing capacitors of about 82 MVAR in the system at various stages. The detailed proposal of

cost benefit analysis will be furnished in second phase of Energy audit.


Losses at 11 Kv level

The share of total losses in Diu & Daman distribution system is shown in chart below:

The distribution losses contribute almost 56 % of total losses, being incurred in distribution system in

entire territory of EDDD. Out of total losses of 193.14 MU, the major chunk of losses is contributed by

distribution losses. These losses are required to be segregated in commercial & technical losses so as to

take maximum efforts for minimizing commercial losses. Since the segregation of these losses is

proposed to be taken up in second phase of energy audit, the saving opportunities will be presented after

its segregation.

The second largest chunk of above pie is that of 11 Kv bus losses which form 21 % of losses.

In view of high % of 11 kv bus losses, it is necessary to find out substation wise share of 11 Kv bus

losses. The bus losses as computed at each substation during the period 1st April 13 to 31

st March 14 are as

below:

4%

5%

7%

7%

21%

56%

Composition of losses in Daman & Diu

220/66 Kv Transmission loss Transformation loss 66 Kv 66 kv Sub Transmission loss 66 Kv

Transformation loss 11Kv 11 Kv Bus loss Distribution Losses in Daman & Diu


The bus losses as compared to energy exported is presented the chart below:

Export 11 Kv bus losses % of Export

Magarwada 111.22 2.26 2

Ringanwada 209.17 0.56 0.3

Varkund Bus 98.16 15.81 16.1

Dalwada 373.82 7.32 2

Bhimpore 110.95 0.1 0.1

Kachhigam 424.6 12.46 2.9

Dabhel 682.34 2.06 0.3

The % share of each substation in total 11 Kv bus losses is given in the chart below:

The chart showing bus losses as % of energy exported from respective substation is given in the chart below:

6% 1%

39%

18%

0%

31%

5%

Substation wise Share of Bus losses.


75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%


Bus Losses as % of Energy Exported

11 Kv bus losses

Export


From above charts it can be seen that bus losses in Varkund S/s & Kachigam S/s are maximum. The bus losses in

these two substations collectively form about 70 % of total 11 Kv bus losses. However % bus losses in Varkund

substation as compared to energy exported from that substation are 15% & needs to be tacked on priority basis.

Moreover % bus losses in Kachigam, Dalwada, & Magarwada S/s are more than 2% of the energy exported from

respective substations & also needs to attended for reduction in bus losses.

The bus losses are proportional to square of current flowing in bus & effective resistance of bus. The bus

resistance depends on its cross section area & resistivity as well as contact resistance at various tapings of

feeders.

In Daman system there are 26 nos. of 11 Kv bus. The values of average bus resistances at various sub

stations are worked out and comparison of bus resistance is given in the chart below:

From above it can be seen that average bus resistance at Dabhel S/s & Ringanwada s/s are least. As seen

earlier, the bus losses at Varkund, Kachigam, Dalwada, & Magarwada S/s are more than 2% of energy

exported from that substation. However the high bus loses in case of Dalwada S/s is due to high amount

of energy handled by the Dalwada S/s whereas the bus losses in case of Magarwada S/s is due to high bus

resistance The bus losses in case Dalwada & Kachigam S/s are high due to high current on 11 Kv side as

losses in bus are proportional to square of current in bus. The management of EDDD should take effective

steps in reducing current as well as the effective bus resistance. There is good potential of saving of at

least 15 % of bus losses in case of Varkund, Kachigam, Dalwada, & Magarwada S/S.

The bus resistance can be reduced by replacing the bus by that of material having better conductivity like

copper , or by bus having higher cross section area & providing bimetallic stripe between aluminum lug

& copper bus, cleaning the contact surface between bus & feeder termination.

0.52

0.04

3.13

0.25 0.02

0.33

0.03

Magarwada Ringanwada Varkund Dalwada Bhimpore Kachhigam Dabhel

Average Bus resistance at Substation


The contact resistance normally increases due to corrosion or oxidation. Many times the bus & feeders

lugs are of different material. Since the coefficient of thermal expansion are different for different

material. Owing to uneven expansion & contraction of surfaces of different metals, the gap is created

between contact surfaces. Due to air gap in contact, the oxidation may occur causing increase in contact

resistance. Use of bimetallic stripe between aluminum lug & copper bus can help to reduce the resistance.

Cleaning of contacts, increasing the contact surface area will also help to reduce the bus losses.

The resistance is proportional to the temperature & changes with the temperature. Hence the knowledge

of temperature at various tapings, joints of bus will give fair picture about resistance. Now a days good

quality of thermal imagers are available which can give complete picture of thermal profile of bus &

transmission lines so that corrective action as regards to reduction in contact resistance can be taken up.

The bus losses during the period between 1st April 13 to 31

st March 14 were computed to be 40.5 MU out of

which 37.85 MU are being incurred at Varkund, Kachigam, Dalwada, & Magarwada S/s. There is saving

potential of 5.67 MU in bus losses by taking measures to reduce bus & contact resistance at these four substations.


Summarising, the total energy saving potential of 17.09 MU in losses up to the 11 Kv bus in substations

in Daman distribution network pertaining to period 1st April 13 to 31

st March 14 has been identified, as

tabulated below:

Sr.

No. Saving Potential MU % Savings

Gross

Purchase

Energy Drawl at

T<>D interface

1 Reconductoring of Transmission line

Magarwada-Kachigam I 2.03


Magarwada -Ringanwada Line 1.04

Ringanwada-Varkund Line 0.4

Varkund-Dalwada line 3.26


2 Conversion of single circuit to double circuit*


Magarwada Ringanwada Line 2.04

Magarwada Varkund Line 0.83

Ringanwada Varkund Line 0.58


3 Improvement of power factor

Reduction in transmission losses 0.78

Reduction in sub transmission losses 1.39

Reduction in transformation losses 1.03

4 improvement in bus resistance

Reduction of bus resistance 5.67

Total *17.09 0.77 0.8

* with reconductoring

Taking into consideration the various constraints for implementation of measures, suggested at Sr.No.1 to

2, the further detailed study is required to explore the feasibility & viability of opportunities. The next

maximum potential is in reduction in bus losses which is not capital intensive. Hence the m/s EDDD

should take corrective action in case of excessive bus losses at Varkund, Kachigam, Dalwada, &

Magarwada S/s & improvement of power factor.


Conclusion

The total T & D losses in distribution network of Electricity Department, Diu & Daman are 193.14 MU

which are 8.68 % of gross purchased energy & 9.01 % of energy drawl at transmission periphery. Out of

this, 3.98 % losses are being incurred during transmission & distribution of power from grid substations

up to 11 Kv bus in 66 / 11 Kv substations. Out of these3.98 % losses, T& D losses up to 66 Kv bus of the

system are 31.65 MU which are 1.48 % of Energy Drawl.

Remaining 5.03 % losses are being incurred in downstream network from 11 Kv bus of 66/11 Kv

substations. The losses in bulk power transmission ( 31.65 MU) at high voltage (220 Kv/66 Kv)are about

20 % as compared to losses in retail power transmission & distribution (161.49 MU) at medium & low

voltage (11 KV/ 430 Volts).

The potential of reduction in losses to tune of 0.8 % out of technical losses of 3.98 % has been

identified.


Recommendations for actions:

Magarwada S/s 66 Kv

Substation Total

Import

Actual

receipts

Transmission

losses X'mation losses 11 Kv Bus losses Total Losses

Total

Export

MU MU Units % MU % MU % MU % MU

Magarwada 114.04 114.04 - - 0.55 0.49 2.26 1.98 2.81 2.47 100.19

Actions suggested:

Reduction of Transformation losses:

1. Improvement of Power factor

2. Thermography of primary/ secondary cable/ bus terminations

3. Reduction of contact resistance of terminations

Reduction of Bus losses

The bus losses are at Magarwada 66 Kv S/s were found to be around 1.98 % of energy imported. The bus

losses are high, due to high effective resistance. In order to reduce the bus losses , it is imperative to

reduce the reduce the effective bus resistance.

1. Visual inspection of bus for detection any loose connections or oxidation

2. Thermography of bus section for thermal imaging to detect any hot spots/ joints

3. Reduction in contact resistance by proper termination after cleaning & tightening of contacts

4. Replacement of bus by that of higher cross section or by material of higher conductivity ( copper

in place of Aluminium) if necessary.


Varkund S/s

Substation Total

Import

Actual

receipts

Transmission

losses X'mation losses 11 Kv Bus losses Total Losses

Total

Export


Varkund 115.42 115.24 0.18 0.16 1.27 1.1 15.81 13.7 17.26 14.98 98.16

Transmission losses:

1. Re conductoring of transmission line

Transformation & Bus losses:

2. Improvement of die electric strength of transformer oil





The bus losses are at Varkund 66 Kv S/s were found to be around 13.7 % of energy imported. The bus

losses are high, due to high effective resistance. In order to reduce the bus losses, it is imperative to

reduce the reduce the effective bus resistance. It is also recommended to calibrate all meters at Varkund

S/s.




4. Replacement of bus by that of higher cross section or by material of higher conductivity ( copper


.


Ringanwada S/s

Substation Total 66

Kv export

Actual

receipts

Transmission

losses X'mation losses

11 Kv Bus

losses Total Losses

Total

Export

MU MU MU % MU % MU % MU % Units

Ringanwada 212.15 210.69 1.46 0.69 0.96 0.45 0.56 0.27 2.98 1.4 209.17

Transmission losses:


Transformation losses:





11 Kv Bus losses




4. Replacement of bus by that of higher cross section or by material of higher conductivity( copper



Dalwada S/ s

Substation Total

Import

Actual

receipts

Transmission


11 Kv Bus

losses Total Losses

Total

Export

MU MU MU % MU % MU % MU % MU

Dalwada 390.49 383.15 7.34 1.92 2.01 0.52 7.32 1.91 16.67 4.26 373.82

Reduction in Transmission losses:

1. Improvement in power factor


3. Conversion of single circuit to double circuit Magarwada to Varkund, Ringanwada .










4. Replacement of bus by that of higher cross section & of material of higher conductivity ( copper



Bhimapore S/ s

Substation Total

Import

Actual

receipts

Transmission


11 Kv Bus

losses Total Losses

Total

Export


Dalwada 114.07 112.13 1.89 1.69 1.08 0.96 0.1 0.09 3.07 2.69 110.95




3. Conversion of single circuit to double circuit













Kachhigam S/ s

Substation Total

Import

Actual

receipts

Transmission


11 Kv Bus

losses Total Losses

Total

Export


Kachhigam 445.68 442.65 3.03 0.68 5.58 1.26 12.46 2.81 21.07 4.73 424.61




3. Conversion of single circuit to double circuit Magarwada to Varkund, Ringanwada .






8. Reduction of load by commissioning new substation

7.






in place of Aluminium) if necessary


Dabhel S/S

Substation Total

Import

Actual

receipts

Transmission


11 Kv Bus

losses Total Losses

Total

Export


Dabhel 686.56 686.17 0.39 0.05 1.77 0.26 2.06 0.3 4.22 0.61 682.34

Transformation losses:






5. Replacement of bus by that of higher cross section if necessary.

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